Goodwill related to our June 15, 2015 acquisition of Hudson IT totaled $8.4 million. Goodwill related to our July 13, 2017 acquisition of the services division of InfoTrellis totaled $27.4 million. Goodwill related to our October 1, 2020 acquisition of AmberLeaf totaled $6.4 million. During 2018, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment related to the InfoTrellis acquisition of $9.7 million.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of goodwill by operating segment for the three years ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(Amounts in thousands)
IT Staffing Services:
Beginning balance	$	8,427	$	8,427	$	8,427
Goodwill recorded		—		—		—
Impairment		—		—		—

Ending balance	$	8,427	$	8,427	$	8,427


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(Amounts in thousands)
Data and Analytics Services:
Beginning balance	$	24,083	$	24,083	$	17,679
Goodwill recorded		—		—		6,404
Impairment		—		—		—

Ending balance	$	24,083	$	24,083	$	24,083

The Company is amortizing the identifiable intangible assets on a straight-line basis over estimated average lives ranging from 3 to 12 years. Identifiable intangible assets were comprised of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	As of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	5,027	$	2,972
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		319		—
Trade name		3		249		249		—

Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		19,641		8,140		11,501
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		1,201		959		242
Trade name		5		1,711		1,441		270
Technology		7		1,979		1,191		788

Total Intangible Assets			$	33,099	$	17,326	$	15,773


	As of December 31, 2021
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	4,361	$	3,638
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		319		—
Trade name		3		249		249		—

Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		19,641		6,503		13,138
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		1,201		788		413
Trade name		5		1,711		1,211		500
Technology		7		1,979		908		1,071

Total Intangible Assets			$	33,099	$	14,339	$	18,760

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $3.0 mi

llion, $3.2 mill

ion and $2.8 million, respectively and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2023 through 2027 is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027
	(Amounts in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	2,772	$	2,693	$	2,553	$	2,413	$	2,025