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Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of income tax benefit

Income tax benefit consists of the following:

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Current foreign          
United Kingdom (“UK”)  $-   $1,851,038 
Deferred foreign          
Loss carryforwards   9,744,082    7,581,029 
Income tax provision to return adjustments   2,152,482    1,027,496 
Other   (157,317)   615,516 
Valuation allowance   (11,739,247)   (9,224,041)
Total deferred foreign   -    - 
Deferred foreign - other comprehensive Income (loss)          
Foreign currency translation adjustments   1,545,477    (947,349)
Valuation allowance   (1,545,477)   947,349 
    -    - 
Total income tax benefit  $-   $1,851,038 
Schedule of loss before income taxes

Loss before income taxes related to our operations consists of:

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Foreign          
Corporate - UK  $(36,277,469)  $(38,256,788)
Nigeria   (1,813,539)   (1,379,201)
Portugal   (2,255,825)   (3,416,096)
Argentina   (3,150,173)   (5,723,728)
South Africa   (2,083,360)   (3,018,902)
Other foreign entities   (656,484)   (772,019)
Total loss before income taxes  $(46,236,850)  $(52,566,734)
Schedule of income tax rate and the effective income tax rate

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2025 
UK Federal income tax rate   (11,559,213)   25.0%
Foreign tax effects          
Portugal   563,956    (1.2)%
Nigeria          
Changes in valuation allowance   756,048    (1.6)%
Other   (302,662)   0.7%
Argentina          
Changes in valuation allowance   951,315    (2.1)%
Other   (163,772)   0.4%
South Africa   520,840    (1.1)%
Other Foreign   164,122    (0.4)%
Change in valuation allowance   9,335,291    (20.2)%
Nontaxable or nondeductible items          
Equity compensation   1,958,267    (4.2)%
Interest expense   (2,540,966)   5.5%
Other   279,429    (0.6)%
Other   37,345    (0.1)%
Effective income tax rate   (0)   0.0%

 

As previously disclosed prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the reconciliation of our income tax provision computed by applying the UK statutory income tax rate of 25% to (loss) income before income taxes is as follows for the year ended December 31:

 

   December 31, 2024   December 31, 2024 
UK Federal income tax rate   (13,141,685)   25.0%
Valuation allowance   9,516,297    (18.1)%
Change in UK statutory income tax rate   22,003    0.0%
Change in fair value   1,487,821    (2.8)%
Loss on Debt Extinguishment   1,106,869    (2.1)%
Nondeductible expense   805,252    (1.5)%
R&D expenditures   25,085    0.0%
Foreign income tax rate differential   371,640    (0.7)%
Other true ups   (2,044,320)   3.7%
Effective income tax rate   (1,851,038)   3.5%
Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities

The income tax affects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Deferred income tax assets:          
Loss carryforwards          
UK  $27,103,533   $18,727,082 
Argentina   1,771,158    1,367,756 
Nigeria   1,877,176    1,217,743 
Portugal   102,497    88,983 
Other foreign entities   846,421    492,391 
Total loss carryforwards   31,700,785    21,893,955 
Compensation (2)   464,064    338,501 
Interest expense carryover (2)   5,582,462    2,500,175 
Accruals & Reserves (3)   430,886    32,179 
Other, Net   891    - 
Valuation allowance   (37,572,309)   (24,287,585)
           
Total deferred income tax assets   606,780    477,225 
           
Deferred income tax liabilities          
Intangible assets - R&D (2)   (495,523)   (328,874)
Property, plant, and equipment (2)   (111,242)   (148,339)
Other (1)   (15)   (12)
Total deferred income tax liabilities   (606,780)   (477,225)
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)  $-   $- 

 

(1)Pertains to company’s operations located in Nigeria.

 

(2)Pertains to company’s operations located in the UK.

 

(3)Pertains to company’s operations located in the UK, Portugal and South Africa.
Summary of change in the valuation allowances

A summary of the change in the valuation allowances against the Company’s net deferred income tax assets for calendar years 2025 and 2024, follows:

 

   2025   2024 
Beginning balance, January 1  $24,287,585   $16,010,893 
Change in valuation allowance associated with foreign          
currency translation adjustments during the current year   1,545,477    (947,349)
Change in valuation allowance associated with          
current year earnings   11,739,247    9,224,041 
Change in estimate during current year   -    - 
Ending balance, December 31  $37,572,309   $24,287,585 
Schedule of incomes taxes paid, net of refunds

Incomes taxes paid, net of refunds, exceeds 5 percent of total income taxes paid, net of refunds, in the following jurisdictions for the year ended December 31, 2025:

 

   2025 
UK  $1,835,365 
Total income taxes refunded  $1,835,365