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Fair Value Measurements
 9 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Fair Value Measurements
Note 2. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value is as follows:
 
•        Level 1 – 
Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•        Level 2 – 
Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•        Level 3 – 
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
We measure the following financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of these financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):
 
   
March 31, 2021
 
June 30, 2020
   
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
 
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
Warrant liability
   $—     $—     $(29,442)  $—     $—     $(40,483)
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   $—     $—     $(29,442)  $—     $—     $(40,483)
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts payable approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. We invest our excess cash in financial instruments which are readily convertible into cash, such as money market funds and U.S. government securities. Cash equivalents, where applicable, and short-term investments are classified as Level 1 as defined by the fair value hierarchy.
In May 2018, we issued warrants in connection with our private placement of shares of common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, we could be required to settle the warrants in cash in the event of an acquisition of the Company and, as a result, the warrants are required to be measured at fair value and reported as a liability in the Condensed Balance Sheet. We recorded the fair value of the warrants upon issuance using the Black-Scholes valuation model and are required to revalue the warrants at each reporting date with any changes in fair value recorded on our Condensed Statement of Operations. The valuation of the warrants is considered under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the need to use assumptions in the valuation that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. Inputs used to determine estimated fair value of the warrant liabilities include the estimated fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation date, the estimated term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and the expected volatility of the underlying stock. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities were the volatility rate and the estimated term of the warrants. Generally, increases (decreases) in the fair value of the underlying stock and estimated term would result in a directionally similar impact to the fair value measurement. The change in the fair value of the Level 3 warrant liability is reflected in the Condensed Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
To calculate the fair value of the warrant liability, the following assumptions were used:
 
   
March 31,
2021
 
June 30,
2020
Risk-free interest rate
    0.1%   0.2%
Expected life (years)
    2.1   2.9
Expected volatility
    82.4%   77.4%
Dividend yield
    0.0%   0.0%
Black-Scholes Fair Value
   $1.83  $2.52
 
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the estimated fair value of our Level 3 warrant liability for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
 
   
Fair Value of Warrants Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
   
      2021      
  
      2020      
Balance at July 1,
   $(40,483)   $(17,613)
Reclassification of derivative liability to equity upon exercise of warrants
    6    —  
Change in estimated fair value of liability classified warrants
    11,035    830
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance at March 31,
   $(29,442)   $(16,783)