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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Note 1: | Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations IF Bancorp, Inc., (“IF Bancorp” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Iroquois Federal Savings and Loan Association (“Iroquois Federal” or the “Association”). The Association provides a full range of banking and financial services to individual and corporate customers from our seven full-service banking offices located in the municipalities of Watseka, Danville, Clifton, Hoopeston, Savoy, Bourbonnais, and Champaign, Illinois, and our loan production office in Osage Beach, Missouri. Our primary lending market includes the Illinois counties of Vermilion, Iroquois, Champaign and Kankakee, as well as the adjacent counties in Illinois and Indiana. Our loan production office in Osage Beach, Missouri, serves the Missouri counties of Camden, Miller and Morgan. The principal activity of the Association’s wholly-owned subsidiary, L.C.I. Service Corporation (“L.C.I.”) dba IF Insurance Agency, is the sale of property and casualty insurance. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of directing, planning, and coordinating the business activities of the Association. The Company and Association are subject to competition from other financial institutions. The Company and Association are also subject to the regulation of certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Association and Association’s wholly owned subsidiary, L.C.I. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating Segment The Company provides community banking services, including such products and services as loans, certificates of deposits, savings accounts, and mortgage originations. These activities are reported as a single operating segment. The Company does not derive revenues from, or have assets located in, foreign countries, nor does it derive revenues from any single customer that represents 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, fair value measurements of investment securities, loan servicing rights and income taxes. Interest-bearing Time Deposits in Banks Interest-bearing time deposits in banks are carried at cost. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At June 30, 2024 and 2023, cash equivalents consisted primarily of noninterest bearing deposits and interest bearing demand deposits. At June 30, 2024, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $350,000. The Company had approximately $4.6 million at the Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Banks, which are government-affiliated entities not insured by the FDIC. Securities Securities are classified as “available for sale” (AFS) and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss). Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. For AFS securities with fair value less than amortized cost that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the noncredit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections and is recorded to the allowance for credit losses (ACL) on investments, by a charge to provision for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS security, or, if it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there would be no ACL in this situation. At adoption of ASU 2016-13, no impairment on AFS securities was attributable to credit. The Company will evaluate impaired AFS securities at the individual level on a quarterly basis, and will consider such factors including, but not limited to: the extent to which the fair value of the security is less than the amortized cost basis; adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or geographic area; the payment structure of the security and likelihood of the issuer to be able to make payments that may increase in the future; failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments; any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and the ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. A qualitative determination as to whether any portion of the impairment is attributable to credit risk is acceptable. There were no credit related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS securities at June 30, 2024 or 2023. Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to noninterest income. Gains and losses on loan sales are recorded in noninterest income, and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in noninterest income upon sale of the loan. Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoffs are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for unearned income, charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses, and any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans. For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off are reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses (ACL) represents the Company’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The provision (credit) for credit losses is expensed (credited) to current earnings and is determined by the Company as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, and therefore the provision to be expensed (credited) to current earnings, the Company relies on a sound credit review and approval process. The review process is directed by the overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty. The Company utilizes the CECL cohort methodology analysis which relies on segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks, tracking the performance of the pools over time, and using the data to determine pool loss experience. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans and is established through provision (credit) for credit losses expensed (credited) to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries of loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when received. Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, industry economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. The allowance for credit losses on most loans is measured on a collective (pool) basis for loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for credit losses for specifically identified loans by evaluating them individually. The specific allowance for collateral-dependent loans that are evaluated separately is measured by determining the fair value of the collateral adjusted for market conditions and selling expense. Factors used in identifying a specific individually evaluated loan include: (1) the strength of the customer’s personal or business cash flows; (2) the availability of other sources of repayment; (3) the amount due or past due; (4) the type and value of collateral; (5) the strength of the collateral position; (6) the estimated cost to sell the collateral; and (7) the borrower’s effort to cure the delinquency. In addition, for loans secured by real estate, the Company also considers the extent of any past due and unpaid property taxes applicable to the property serving as collateral on the mortgage. The Company establishes a general allowance for loans that are not individually evaluated to recognize the inherent losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, has not been allocated to particular problem assets. The general valuation allowance is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio into pools with similar risks and collecting data to determine pool loss experience. Factors considered by the Company in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and loan modifications for borrowers with financial difficulties, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates. In addition, a forecast, using reasonable and supportable future conditions, is prepared that is used to estimate expected changes to existing and historical conditions in the current period. Off-balance sheet credit instruments include commitments to make loans, and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan pool on a quarterly basis under the CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur and is included as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable. Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost. Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives for each major depreciable classification of premises and equipment are as follows:
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 35-40 years |
Furniture and equipment |  |  | 3-5 years |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock Federal Home Loan Bank stock is a required investment for institutions that are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank system. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net income or expense from foreclosed assets. Long-Lived Asset Impairment The Company evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If a long-lived asset is tested for recoverability and the undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset are less than the carrying amount of the asset, the asset cost is adjusted to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. No asset impairment was recognized during the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Bank-owned Life Insurance Bank-owned life insurance policies are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at the estimated cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender value are reflected in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. Fee Income Loan origination fees, net of direct origination costs, are recognized as income using the level-yield method over the contractual life of the loans. Revenue Recognition Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied. The majority of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit and investments securities, as well as revenue related to our mortgage servicing activities and bank owned life insurance, as these activities are subject to other GAAP discussed elsewhere within our disclosures. Descriptions of our revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, and which are presented in our income statements as components of noninterest income are as follows: Customer Service Fees – The Company generates revenue from fees charged for deposit account maintenance, overdrafts, wire transfers, and check fees. The revenue related to deposit fees is recognized at the time the performance obligation is satisfied. Insurance Commissions – The Company’s insurance agency, IF Insurance Agency, receives commissions on premiums of new and renewed business policies. IF Insurance Agency records commission revenue on direct bill policies as the cash is received. For agency bill policies, IF Insurance Agency retains its commission portion of the customer premium payment and remits the balance to the carrier. In both cases, the carrier holds the performance obligation. Brokerage Commissions – The primary brokerage revenue is recorded at the beginning of each quarter through billing to customers based on the account asset size on the last day of the previous quarter. If a withdrawal of funds takes place, a prorated refund may occur; this is reflected within the same quarter as the original billing occurred. All performance obligations are met within the same quarter that the revenue is recorded. Other – The Company generates revenue through service charges from the use of its ATM machines and interchange income from the use of Company issued credit and debit cards. The revenue is recognized at the time the service is used, and the performance obligation is satisfied. Mortgage Servicing Rights Mortgage servicing assets are recognized separately when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Under the servicing assets and liabilities accounting guidance (ASC 860-50), servicing rights resulting from the sale or securitization of loans originated by the Company are initially measured at fair value at the date of transfer. The Company has elected to initially and subsequently measure the mortgage servicing rights for consumer mortgage loans using the fair value method. Under the fair value method, the servicing rights are carried in the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are reported in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. These variables change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change and may have an adverse impact on the value of the mortgage servicing right and may result in a reduction to noninterest income. Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Transfers of Financial Assets Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes ). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiary. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional potential common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards and are determined using the treasury stock method. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized appreciation and depreciation on available-for-sale securities, adjustments for realized gains (losses) included in net income, and changes in the funded status of the postretirement health benefit plan. Stock-based Compensation Plans At June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company has stock-based compensation plans (stock options and restricted stock) which are described more fully in Note 14. Recent and Future Accounting Requirements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . The ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. For public companies eligible to be smaller reporting companies (SRC), this update was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. In preparation for the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company engaged a firm specializing in ACL modeling and utilized transition modeling for the two years prior to implementation. The Company also had its CECL model validated by an independent firm. The Company early adopted ASU 2016-13 using the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology for financial assets measured at amortized cost, effective July 1, 2022. Results for the periods beginning after July 1, 2022 are presented under ASU 2016-13, while prior period amounts are reported in accordance with the previously applicable accounting standards. The Company recorded a reduction to retained earnings of approximately $388,000 upon adoption of ASU 2016-13. The transition adjustment included an increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans of $47,000 and an increase to the allowance to credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure of $496,000. The transition adjustment included a corresponding increase in deferred tax assets. The following table illustrates the impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption (in thousands):
|  | July 1, 2022 |
|  | Allowance for credit losses as reported under ASU 2016-13 |  |  | Allowance pre-ASU 2016-13 Adoption |  |  | Impact on Allowance of ASU 2016-13 Adoption |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One- to four-family |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 382 |
Multi-Family |  |  | 1,235 |  |  |  | 1,375 |  |  |  | (140 | )
Commercial |  |  | 2,370 |  |  |  | 1,985 |  |  |  | 385 |
HELOC |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 33 |
Construction |  |  | 681 |  |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | 192 |
Commercial Business |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 2,025 |  |  |  | (818 | )
Consumer |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 13 |
Allowance for credit losses for all loans |  | $ | 7,099 |  |  | $ | 7,052 |  |  | $ | 47 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 496 |
In March 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures . The amendments in this update eliminate the accounting guidance and related disclosures for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors , while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and requiring an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost . The amendments in this update were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years and are applied prospectively, except with respect to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, where an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 effective July 1, 2023 with changes applied prospectively, except with respect to the recognition and measurement of TDRs where a modified retrospective transition method was applied. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax (Topic 740 ): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures . The amendments expand the disclosure requirements of income taxes, primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance also eliminates certain existing disclosure requirements related to uncertain tax positions and unrecognized deferred income tax liabilities. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of the guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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