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LONG-TERM DEBT, DERIVATIVES AND LETTERS OF CREDIT | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
LONG-TERM DEBT, DERIVATIVES AND LETTERS OF CREDIT | LONG-TERM DEBT, LEASES, DERIVATIVES AND LETTERS OF CREDIT As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our long-term debt and capital lease obligations are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Credit Facility | $ | 156,843 |  |  | $ | 177,857 |
Convertible debt 1 | 195,184 |  |  | 209,892 |
Capital lease obligations | 5,356 |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations | 357,383 |  |  | 387,749 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations | 569 |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations, less current portion | $ | 356,814 |  |  | $ | 387,749 |
_________________
1 | Comprised of principal amount outstanding plus embedded derivative liability (if any), less unamortized discount and issuance costs. See Convertible Debt section below for additional information.
Future maturities of long-term debt, excluding capital leases, are as follows (in thousands):
December 31 |
2019 | $ | — |
2020 | 156,843 |
2021 | — |
2022 | — |
2023 | 230,000 |
Thereafter | — |
Total | $ | 386,843 |
For information on our capital lease obligations, see the Lease Obligations section below. Credit Facility In July 2015, we renewed our banking credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). In accordance with the second amendment to the Credit Facility, which was signed in February 2016, the Credit Facility had a borrowing capacity of up to $600.0 million and consisted of a $400.0 million, five-year revolving loan facility and a $200.0 million five-year term loan facility. The swing line facility is $35.0 million. On July 31, 2017, we completed the issuance of $230.0 million of 5.00% convertible senior notes in a private offering (the “Offering,” which is described further below) and used the proceeds from the Offering to repay in full the then-outstanding term-loan portion of our Credit Facility and a portion of the outstanding revolving borrowings. Concurrent with the completion of the Offering and the repayment of outstanding borrowings discussed above, we entered into the sixth amendment to the Credit Facility, effective as of June 30, 2017, which reduced the capacity of the Credit Facility to a $300.0 million revolving loan facility, subject to a borrowing availability test (based on eligible accounts, inventory and fixed assets). The Credit Facility matures on July 7, 2020, bears interest based on a variable Eurodollar rate option (LIBOR plus 3.00% margin at December 31, 2018) and has commitment fees on unused borrowing capacity (0.50% at December 31, 2018). The Credit Facility limits our ability to pay cash dividends. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by its material direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ tangible and intangible property (subject to certain specified exclusions) and by a pledge of all of the equity interests in the Company’s material direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the equity interests in the Company’s material first-tier foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Facility contains financial covenants, which were amended in March 2018 pursuant to the seventh amendment (the “Seventh Amendment”) to the Credit Facility. The Seventh Amendment eliminated the ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDA (the “Total Leverage Ratio,” as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) covenant through the remainder of the term of the Credit Facility and also modified both the ratio of senior secured debt to consolidated EBITDA (the “Senior Secured Leverage Ratio,” as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) and the ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest charges (the “Interest Coverage Ratio,” as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) as follows. The Company is required to maintain a maximum Senior Secured Leverage Ratio of not more than 3.50 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2018 and each quarter thereafter through June 30, 2019 and not more than 2.75 to 1.00 as of September 30, 2019 and each quarter thereafter. With respect to the Interest Coverage Ratio, the Company is required to maintain a ratio of not less than 2.25 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2018 and not less than 2.50 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2019 and each quarter thereafter. As of December 31, 2018, we are in compliance with these covenants. The Senior Secured Leverage Ratio and the Interest Coverage Ratio stood at 2.56 to 1.00 and 2.90 to 1.00, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, we had $18.3 million of cash on hand and approximately $66 million of available borrowing capacity through our Credit Facility. In connection with the repayment in full of the outstanding term-loan portion of our Credit Facility of $160.0 million on July 31, 2017 and the reduction in capacity of the revolving portion of the Credit Facility, we recorded a loss of $1.2 million during the third quarter of 2017 associated with the write-off of a portion of the debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2018, we had $1.8 million of unamortized debt issuance costs that are being amortized over the life of the Credit Facility. Our ability to maintain compliance with the financial covenants is dependent upon our future operating performance and future financial condition, both of which are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the Credit Facility covenants as of any future date. In the event we are unable to maintain compliance with our financial covenants, we would seek to enter into an amendment to the Credit Facility with our bank group in order to modify and/or to provide relief from the financial covenants for an additional period of time. Although we have entered into amendments in the past, there can be no assurance that any future amendments would be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In order to secure our casualty insurance programs we are required to post letters of credit generally issued by a bank as collateral. A letter of credit commits the issuer to remit specified amounts to the holder, if the holder demonstrates that we failed to meet our obligations under the letter of credit. If this were to occur, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer for any payments the issuer was required to remit to the holder of the letter of credit. We were contingently liable for outstanding stand-by letters of credit totaling $22.8 million at December 31, 2018 and $22.5 million at December 31, 2017. Outstanding letters of credit reduce amounts available under our Credit Facility and are considered as having been funded for purposes of calculating our financial covenants under the Credit Facility. Convertible Debt Description of the Notes On July 31, 2017, we issued $230.0 million principal amount of 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Securities Act of 1933) pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “Offering”). The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes bear interest at rate of 5.0% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2018. The Notes mature on August 1, 2023 unless repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 46.0829 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $21.70 per share, which represents a conversion premium of 40% to the last reported sale price of $15.50 per share on the NYSE on July 25, 2017, the date the pricing of the Notes was completed. The conversion rate, and thus the conversion price, may be adjusted under certain circumstances as described in the indenture governing the Notes. Holders may convert their Notes at their option prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, but only under the following circumstances:
• | during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2017 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
• | during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of such measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on such trading day;
• | if we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the redemption date; or;
• | upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described in the indenture governing the Notes.
On or after May 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may, at their option, convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The Notes are initially convertible into 10,599,067 shares of common stock. Previously, because the Notes could be convertible in full into more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock, we were required by the listing rules of the NYSE to obtain the approval of the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock before the Notes could converted into more than 5,964,858 shares of common stock. At our annual shareholders’ meeting, held on May 17, 2018, our shareholders approved the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Notes. The Notes will be convertible into, subject to various conditions, cash or shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, in each case, at the Company’s election. If holders elect to convert the Notes in connection with certain fundamental change transactions described in the indenture governing the Notes, we will, under certain circumstances described in the indenture governing the Notes, increase the conversion rate for the Notes so surrendered for conversion. We may not redeem the Notes prior to August 5, 2021. We will have the option to redeem all or any portion of the Notes on or after August 5, 2021, if certain conditions (including that our common stock is trading at or above 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive)), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Net proceeds received from the Offering were approximately $222.3 million after deducting discounts, commissions and expenses. We used $160.0 million of the net proceeds to repay all outstanding borrowings under the term-loan portion of our Credit Facility and $62.3 million of the net proceeds to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the revolving portion of our Credit Facility, which may be subsequently reborrowed for general corporate purposes. Accounting Treatment of the Notes As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Notes were recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Liability component: |  |  |
Principal | $ | 230,000 |  |  | $ | 230,000 |
Unamortized issuance costs | (5,834 | ) |  | (6,820 | )
Unamortized discount | (28,982 | ) |  | (33,882 | )
Net carrying amount of the liability component | 195,184 |  |  | 189,298 |
Embedded derivative liability 1 | — |  |  | 20,594 |
Total 2 | $ | 195,184 |  |  | $ | 209,892 |
Equity component: |  |  |
Carrying amount of the equity component, net of issuance costs 3 | $ | 13,912 |  |  | $ | 13,912 |
_________________
1 | The embedded derivative liability was reclassified to stockholders’ equity as of May 17, 2018 and is no longer marked to fair value each period, as discussed further below. It is excluded from the table above as of December 31, 2018.
2 Included in the Long-term debt line of the consolidated balance sheets. 3 Relates to the portion of the Notes accounted for under ASC 470-20 (defined below) and is included in the “Additional paid-in capital” line of the consolidated balance sheets. Under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, (“ASC 470-20”), an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion (such as the Notes) in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. However, entities must first consider the guidance in ASC 815-15, Embedded Derivatives (“ASC 815-15”), to determine if an instrument contains an embedded feature that should be separately accounted for as a derivative. Unless an exception under ASC 815-15 applies, such accounting requires that an embedded feature that is not “clearly and closely related” to the host contract be accounted for separately as a derivative and marked to fair value in the statement of operations each period. The Company concluded that the conversion feature is not “clearly and closely related” to the debt host contract. However, ASC 815-15 provides an exception for embedded features that are considered both indexed to our common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. Because the Notes permit the Company to settle the conversion feature in cash, stock or any combination thereof at its election, ordinarily the conversion feature would be considered both indexed to our common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity and therefore exempt from the requirements of ASC 815-15. However, because the Notes could be convertible into more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock and shareholder approval in accordance with the NYSE rules (as described above) to issue more than 19.99 percent of our outstanding common stock had not yet been obtained at the time the Notes were issued, the Company could have been required to settle the conversion feature for a portion of the Notes in cash instead of shares. Therefore, the conversion feature for a portion of the Notes could not be classified in stockholders’ equity and therefore the exception under ASC 815-15 did not apply. As such, the Company concluded that for a portion of the Notes, it must recognize as an embedded derivative under ASC 815-15 while the remainder of the Notes are subject to ASC 470-20. The Company determined the portions of the Notes subject to ASC 815-15 and ASC 470-20 as follows. First, while the Notes are initially convertible into 10,599,067 shares of common stock, the occurrence of certain corporate events could increase the conversion rate, which could result in the Notes becoming convertible into a maximum of 14,838,703 shares. As noted above, we were required to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 5,964,858 shares of stock to settle the Notes upon conversion. Therefore, approximately 40% of the maximum number of shares were authorized for issuance without shareholder approval, while 8,873,845 shares, or approximately 60% would be required to be settled in cash. The Company thus concluded that embedded derivative accounting under ASC 815-15 was applicable to approximately 60% of the Notes, while the remaining 40% of the Notes are subject to ASC 470-20. As a result of obtaining shareholder approval for the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Notes, the embedded derivative meets the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity, effective on the date of shareholder approval. Accordingly, we recorded the change in fair value of the embedded derivative liability in our results of operations through the shareholder approval date of May 17, 2018 and then reclassified the embedded derivative liability to stockholders’ equity at its May 17, 2018 fair value of $45.4 million during the second quarter of 2018. The related income tax effects of the reclassification charged directly to stockholders’ equity were $7.8 million. As a result of the reclassification to stockholders’ equity, the embedded derivative will no longer be marked to fair value each period. Losses on the embedded derivative liability recognized in the consolidated statements of operations were $24.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 (incurred in the first and second quarters of 2018). Gains on the embedded derivative liability recognized in the consolidated statements of operations were $0.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017. We estimated the fair value of similar notes without the conversion feature to be $194.2 million, with the resulting conversion feature having an estimated fair value of $35.8 million at the issuance date. For the portion of the Notes subject to ASC 815-15, we recorded an embedded derivative liability at fair value of $21.4 million and for the portion of the Notes subject to ASC 470-20, we recorded $14.4 million as additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. The fair values recorded are “Level 2” measurements as defined in Note 11. The difference between the principal amount of the Notes and the amounts allocated to the embedded derivative liability and additional paid-in capital resulted in a debt discount of $35.8 million that is amortized as interest expense over 72 months (the six-year period from issuance to maturity of the Notes). The Company incurred approximately $7.7 million in issuance costs associated with the Notes. Issuance costs of $7.2 million were allocated as a reduction of the carrying amount of the debt while the remaining $0.5 million were allocated as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. The portion allocated to the debt component is being amortized over the life of the debt. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining amortization period is 55 months. The following table sets forth interest expense information related to the Notes (dollars in thousands):
| Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Coupon interest | $ | 11,500 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 5,886 |  |  | 2,310 |
Total interest expense on convertible senior notes | $ | 17,386 |  |  | $ | 7,133 |
Effective interest rate | 9.12 | % |  | 9.12 | %
Derivatives and Hedging ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), requires that derivative instruments be recorded at fair value and included in the balance sheet as assets or liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation, which is established at the inception date of a derivative. Special accounting for derivatives qualifying as fair value hedges allows derivatives’ gains and losses to offset related results on the hedged item in the statement of operations. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value, to the extent the hedge is effective, are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Hedge effectiveness is measured at least quarterly based on the relative cumulative changes in fair value between the derivative contract and the hedged item over time. Credit risks related to derivatives include the possibility that the counter-party will not fulfill the terms of the contract. We consider counterparty credit risk to our derivative contracts when valuing our derivative instruments. Our borrowing of €12.3 million under the Credit Facility serves as an economic hedge of our net investment in our European operations as fluctuations in the fair value of the borrowing attributable to the U.S. Dollar/Euro spot rate will offset translation gains or losses attributable to our investment in our European operations. At December 31, 2018 the €12.3 million borrowing had a U.S. Dollar value of $14.1 million. As discussed above, we previously recorded an embedded derivative liability for a portion of the Notes. In accordance with ASC 815-15, the embedded derivative instrument was recorded at fair value each period with changes in fair value reflected in our results of operations. No hedge accounting was applied. As a result of obtaining shareholder approval for the issuance of shares upon conversion of the Notes, we recorded the change in fair value of the embedded derivative liability in our results of operations through the shareholder approval date of May 17, 2018 and then reclassified the embedded derivative liability to stockholders’ equity at its May 17, 2018 fair value of $45.4 million during the second quarter of 2018. As a result of the reclassification to stockholders’ equity, the embedded derivative is no longer marked to fair value each period. See Note 11 for more information on the fair value measurement of the embedded derivative liability. The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), reclassified into income (loss) and the amounts recognized in income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows (in thousands):
| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Earnings
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, |  | Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Derivatives Classified as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedge | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | (1,802 | ) |  | 481 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Loss)1 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives Not Classified as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Embedded derivative in convertible debt | $ | (24,783 | ) |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
_________________ 1 Reflected as “Loss (gain) on convertible debt embedded derivative” in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the fair value totals and balance sheet classification for derivatives designated as hedges and derivatives not designated as hedges under ASC 815 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Classification |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Classification |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Derivatives Classified as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedge | Liability |  | Long-term debt |  | $ | (3,904 | ) |  | Liability |  | Long-term debt |  | $ | (3,246 | )
Derivatives Not Classified as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Embedded derivative in convertible debt | Liability |  | Long-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | Liability |  | Long-term debt |  | $ | 20,594 |
Lease Obligations We enter into operating and capital leases to rent facilities and obtain vehicles and equipment for our field operations. Our obligations under non-cancellable operating and capital leases at December 31, 2018, primarily consisting of facility and auto leases, are as follows (in thousands):
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |  |  |
| Operating |  | Capital
2019 | $ | 23,315 |  |  | $ | 583 |
2020 | 16,858 |  |  | 500 |
2021 | 12,577 |  |  | 504 |
2022 | 9,873 |  |  | 524 |
2023 | 7,846 |  |  | 525 |
Thereafter | 23,224 |  |  | 5,631 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 93,693 |  |  | $ | 8,267 |
Less amounts representing interest |  |  | (2,911 | )
Present value of future minimum lease payments |  |  | $ | 5,356 |
Total rent expense resulting from operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $44.9 million, $47.7 million and $40.0 million, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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