10-Q 1 paceth_10q-093012.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

T | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012

£ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to _______

Commission File Number: 000-21467

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 41-2170618 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2060, Sacramento, California (Address of principal executive offices) | 95814 (zip code)
(916) 403-2123 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes T No £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes T No £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer £ | Accelerated filer £
Non-accelerated filer £ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company S

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes £ No S

As of November 13, 2012, there were 144,672,406 shares of Pacific Ethanol, Inc. common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

| PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
|  | Page
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2012 (unaudited) and December 31, 2011 | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited) | 4
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 5
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. | 19
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. | 30
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. | 30
| PART II OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. | 32
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS. | 32
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS. | 33
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES. | 34
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. | 34
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION. | 34
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS. | 37
SIGNATURES | 38
|  | 39
EXHIBITS FILED WITH THIS REPORT |

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
ASSETS |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  | * |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 18,671 |  |  | $ | 8,914 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 27,513 |  |  |  | 28,140 |
Inventories |  |  | 14,374 |  |  |  | 16,131 |
Prepaid inventory |  |  | 6,095 |  |  |  | 9,239 |
Other current assets |  |  | 2,312 |  |  |  | 4,324 |
Total current assets |  |  | 68,965 |  |  |  | 66,748 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 153,109 |  |  |  | 159,617 |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 3,865 |  |  |  | 4,458 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,723 |  |  |  | 1,653 |
Total other assets |  |  | 5,588 |  |  |  | 6,111 |
Total Assets** |  | $ | 227,662 |  |  | $ | 232,476 |

_______________

* | Amounts derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.

** | Assets of the consolidated variable interest entity that can only be used to settle obligations of that entity were $163,218 and $173,606 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
(in thousands, except par value and shares)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  | * |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable – trade |  | $ | 8,484 |  |  | $ | 5,519 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 3,560 |  |  |  | 2,713 |
Accrued preferred dividends |  |  | – |  |  |  | 7,315 |
Current portion – long-term debt (including $750 to related party) |  |  | 50,105 |  |  |  | 750 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 62,149 |  |  |  | 16,297 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion |  |  | 68,990 |  |  |  | 93,689 |
Accrued preferred dividends |  |  | 6,583 |  |  |  | – |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | 6,495 |  |  |  | 1,921 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 1,348 |  |  |  | 1,305 |
Total Liabilities** |  |  | 145,565 |  |  |  | 113,212 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 4, 5 and 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pacific Ethanol, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; Series A: 1,684,375 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011; Series B: 1,580,790 shares authorized; 926,942 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011; liquidation preference of $24,659 as of September 30, 2012 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 144,710,897 and 86,631,664 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 87 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 581,985 |  |  |  | 556,871 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (524,487 | ) |  |  | (509,985 | )
Total Pacific Ethanol, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 57,644 |  |  |  | 46,974 |
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity |  |  | 24,453 |  |  |  | 72,290 |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 82,097 |  |  |  | 119,264 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 227,662 |  |  | $ | 232,476 |

_______________

* | Amounts derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.

** | Liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entity for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of Pacific Ethanol, Inc. were $97,444 and $76,478 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Net sales |  | $ | 215,860 |  |  | $ | 271,649 |  |  | $ | 619,026 |  |  | $ | 659,390 |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 218,300 |  |  |  | 263,461 |  |  |  | 633,843 |  |  |  | 647,355 |
Gross profit (loss) |  |  | (2,440 | ) |  |  | 8,188 |  |  |  | (14,817 | ) |  |  | 12,035 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 2,898 |  |  |  | 3,495 |  |  |  | 9,400 |  |  |  | 11,742 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | (5,338 | ) |  |  | 4,693 |  |  |  | (24,217 | ) |  |  | 293 |
Fair value adjustments on convertible debt and warrants |  |  | (900 | ) |  |  | 4,113 |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | 6,968 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | (3,378 | ) |  |  | (4,071 | ) |  |  | (9,380 | ) |  |  | (11,337 | )
Other expense, net |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | (166 | ) |  |  | (499 | ) |  |  | (709 | )
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |  |  | (9,721 | ) |  |  | 4,569 |  |  |  | (33,744 | ) |  |  | (4,785 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  |  | (9,721 | ) |  |  | 4,569 |  |  |  | (33,744 | ) |  |  | (4,785 | )
Net (income) loss attributed to noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity |  |  | 3,750 |  |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | 20,191 |  |  |  | 9,905 |
Net income (loss) attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | (5,971 | ) |  | $ | 4,352 |  |  | $ | (13,553 | ) |  | $ | 5,120 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | $ | (319 | ) |  | $ | (319 | ) |  | $ | (949 | ) |  | $ | (946 | )
Income (loss) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (6,290 | ) |  | $ | 4,033 |  |  | $ | (14,502 | ) |  | $ | 4,174 |
Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | 0.20 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic |  |  | 115,677 |  |  |  | 33,201 |  |  |  | 96,203 |  |  |  | 21,230 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted |  |  | 115,677 |  |  |  | 33,201 |  |  |  | 96,203 |  |  |  | 21,328 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net loss |  | $ | (33,744 | ) |  | $ | (4,785 | )
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles |  |  | 9,216 |  |  |  | 9,490 |
Fair value adjustments on convertible debt and warrants |  |  | (352 | ) |  |  | (6,968 | )
Inventory valuation |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 157 |
Amortization of deferred financing fees |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | 485 |
Noncash compensation |  |  | 705 |  |  |  | 1,978 |
Derivative instruments |  |  | (202 | ) |  |  | (334 | )
Bad debt recovery |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (185 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 642 |  |  |  | (2,204 | )
Inventories |  |  | 1,482 |  |  |  | (5,280 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 1,480 |  |  |  | (368 | )
Prepaid inventory |  |  | 3,144 |  |  |  | (3,466 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 5,492 |  |  |  | 3,920 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (11,422 | ) |  |  | (7,560 | )
Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of 33% ownership interest in New PEHC |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | – |
Additions to property and equipment |  |  | (2,115 | ) |  |  | (1,459 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (12,115 | ) |  |  | (1,459 | )
Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of common stock and warrants |  |  | 20,994 |  |  |  | – |
Net proceeds from borrowings |  |  | 13,249 |  |  |  | 17,091 |
Preferred stock dividends paid |  |  | (949 | ) |  |  | – |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 33,294 |  |  |  | 17,091 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 9,757 |  |  |  | 8,072 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 8,914 |  |  |  | 8,736 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 18,671 |  |  | $ | 16,808 |
Supplemental Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 7,504 |  |  | $ | 8,047 |
Noncash financing and investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends paid in common stock |  | $ | 732 |  |  | $ | – |
Notes issued for purchase of 33% ownership interest in New PEHC |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | – |
Accrued interest added to term loan |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | – |
Preferred stock dividends accrued |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 946 |
Debt extinguished with issuance of common stock |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 25,388 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

| 1. | ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION.

Organization and Business – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pacific Ethanol, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Pacific Ethanol”), and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Kinergy Marketing LLC, an Oregon limited liability company (“Kinergy”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary Pacific Ag. Products, LLC, a California limited liability company (“PAP”) for all periods presented, and for the periods specified below, the Plant Owners (as defined below) (collectively, the “Company”).

The Company is the leading marketer and producer of low-carbon renewable fuels in the Western United States. The Company also sells ethanol co-products, including wet distillers grain and syrup (“WDG”), and provides transportation, storage and delivery of ethanol through third-party service providers in the Western United States, primarily in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, Colorado, Idaho and Washington. The Company sells ethanol produced by the Pacific Ethanol Plants (as defined below) and unrelated third parties to gasoline refining and distribution companies and sells its WDG to dairy operators and animal feed distributors.

The Company manages the production and operation of the four ethanol production facilities, namely, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia, LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton, LLC and Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC (collectively, the “Pacific Ethanol Plants”) and their holding company, Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC (“PEHC,” and together with the Pacific Ethanol Plants, the “Plant Owners”). PEHC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of New PE Holdco LLC (“New PE Holdco”) which, in turn, is a subsidiary of the Company. These four facilities have an aggregate annual production capacity of up to 200 million gallons. As of September 30, 2012, three of the facilities were operating and one of the facilities was idled. When market conditions permit, and with approval of New PE Holdco, the Company intends to resume operations at the Madera, California facility.

On October 6, 2010, the Company purchased an initial 20% ownership interest in New PE Holdco, a variable interest entity (“VIE”), from a number of New PE Holdco’s owners. At that time, the Company determined it was the primary beneficiary of New PE Holdco, and as such, has consolidated the results of New PE Holdco since then. See Note 2 – Variable Interest Entity. On each of November 29, 2011 and December 19, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 7% ownership interest in New PE Holdco. Further, on July 13, 2012, the Company purchased an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco, bringing the Company’s total ownership interest in New PE Holdco to 67% as of September 30, 2012.

Liquidity – Despite the liquidity risks relative to the Plant Owners’ credit facilities, the Company believes that current and future available capital resources, revenues generated from operations, and other existing sources of liquidity, including its credit facilities, will be adequate to meet its anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next twelve months. See Note 5 – Debt. If, however, the Company’s capital requirements or cash flow vary materially from its current projections, or if other unforeseen circumstances occur, such as a lack of significant improvement or further deterioration of corn crush margins, the Company may require additional financing during that period. The Company’s failure to raise capital, if needed, could restrict its growth, hinder its ability to compete and adversely impact its operations.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Trade accounts receivable are presented at face value, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company sells ethanol to gasoline refining and distribution companies and sells WDG to dairy operators and animal feed distributors generally without requiring collateral.

5

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances that appear to have specific collection issues. The collection process is based on the age of the invoice and requires attempted contacts with the customer at specified intervals. If, after a specified number of days, the Company has been unsuccessful in its collection efforts, a bad debt allowance is recorded for the balance in question. Delinquent accounts receivable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once uncollectibility has been determined. The factors considered in reaching this determination are the apparent financial condition of the customer and the Company’s success in contacting and negotiating with the customer. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Of the total accounts receivable balance, approximately $25,540,000 and $23,715,000 at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, were used as collateral under Kinergy’s working capital line of credit. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $9,000 and $24,000 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The Company recorded net bad debt recoveries of $15,000 and $45,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company recorded net bad debt recoveries of $15,000 and $185,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Basis of Presentation–Interim Financial Statements – The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of results for a full year. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. The accounting policies used in preparing these consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods have been included. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates are required as part of determining the consolidation of VIEs, fair value of convertible notes and warrants, allowance for doubtful accounts, estimated lives of property and equipment and intangibles, long-lived asset impairments, valuation allowances on deferred income taxes and the potential outcome of future tax consequences of events recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Actual results and outcomes may materially differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Reclassifications of prior year’s data have been made to conform to 2012 classifications. Such classifications had no effect on net income (loss) reported in the consolidated statements of operations.

6

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

| 2. | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY.

The Company concluded that at all times since New PE Holdco’s inception, New PE Holdco has been a VIE because the other owners of New PE Holdco, due to the Company’s involvement through its contractual arrangements, have at all times lacked the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted its economic performance. Some of these activities include efficient management and operation of the Pacific Ethanol Plants, sale of ethanol, the procurement of feedstock, sale of co-products and implementation of risk management strategies. Furthermore, upon the Company’s purchase of its initial 20% ownership interest in New PE Holdco on October 6, 2010, the Company, through its ownership interest, had an obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits that could potentially be significant to New PE Holdco. As a result, the Company then became the primary beneficiary of New PE Holdco and began consolidating the financial results of New PE Holdco. On November 29, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 7% ownership interest in New PE Holdco for $4,502,000 in cash. On December 19, 2011, the Company purchased another 7% ownership interest in New PE Holdco for $4,615,000 in cash.

On July 13, 2012, the Company purchased an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco for $20,000,000 by paying $10,000,000 in cash and issuing $10,000,000 in notes payable. Because the Company has a controlling financial interest in New PE Holdco, it did not record any gain or loss on this purchase, but instead reduced the amount of the noncontrolling interest in VIE on its consolidated balance sheet by $27,646,000 and recorded the difference between the fair value of the purchase and the price paid by the Company of $7,646,000, to additional paid-in capital.

Upon the closing of the Company’s purchase of the additional 33% ownership interest, its total ownership interest in New PE Holdco increased from 34% to 67%. Because New PE Holdco’s results are consolidated with the Company’s for financial reporting purposes, the acquisition of additional interests in New PE Holdco did not impact the consolidated net income or loss that the Company reports. However, the portion of New PE Holdco’s net income or loss that is allocated to the Company increased from 34% to 67%, thus changing the net income or loss attributable to Pacific Ethanol after reducing the net income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests and the Company’s earnings per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, had the Company held a 67% ownership interest in New PE Holdco and issued 28,000,000 shares of common stock under the financing noted above, the Company’s reported results would have had the following proforma impact: (i) for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, net income (loss) available to common stockholders would have been $(5,971,000) and $4,201,000, respectively, and income (loss) per share would have been $(0.05) and $0.07, respectively; and (ii) for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, net loss available to common stockholders would have been $23,288,000 and $1,311,000, respectively, and loss per share would have been $0.21 and $0.03, respectively.

The carrying values and classification of assets that are collateral for the obligations of New PE Holdco consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2012 |  |  | December 31, 2011 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 2,070 |
Other current assets |  |  | 13,368 |  |  |  | 14,320 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 148,390 |  |  |  | 155,523 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,368 |  |  |  | 1,693 |
Total assets |  | $ | 163,218 |  |  | $ | 173,606 |

7

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

Current liabilities |  | $ | 6,063 |  |  | $ | 3,064 |
Long-term debt, including current portion |  |  | 91,186 |  |  |  | 73,256 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | 158 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 97,444 |  |  | $ | 76,478 |

The Company’s acquisition of its ownership interest in New PE Holdco does not impact the Company’s rights or obligations under any of its contractual agreements. Further, creditors of New PE Holdco do not have recourse to the Company. Since its initial acquisition, the Company has not provided any additional support to New PE Holdco beyond the terms of its contractual agreements.

| 3. | INVENTORIES.

Inventories consisted primarily of bulk ethanol and unleaded fuel, and are valued at the lower-of-cost-or-market, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory balances consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2012 |  |  | December 31, 2011 |
Finished goods |  | $ | 8,089 |  |  | $ | 9,429 |
Work in progress |  |  | 4,164 |  |  |  | 4,284 |
Raw materials |  |  | 1,273 |  |  |  | 1,334 |
Other |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 1,084 |
Total |  | $ | 14,374 |  |  | $ | 16,131 |

| 4. | DERIVATIVES.

The business and activities of the Company expose it to a variety of market risks, including risks related to changes in commodity prices and interest rates. The Company monitors and manages these financial exposures as an integral part of its risk management program. This program recognizes the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that market volatility could have on operating results.

Commodity Risk – Cash Flow Hedges – The Company uses derivative instruments to protect cash flows from fluctuations caused by volatility in commodity prices for periods of up to twelve months in order to protect gross profit margins from potentially adverse effects of market and price volatility on ethanol sale and purchase commitments where the prices are set at a future date and/or if the contracts specify a floating or index-based price for ethanol. In addition, the Company hedges anticipated sales of ethanol to minimize its exposure to the potentially adverse effects of price volatility. These derivatives may be designated and documented as cash flow hedges and effectiveness is evaluated by assessing the probability of the anticipated transactions and regressing commodity futures prices against the Company’s purchase and sales prices. Ineffectiveness, which is defined as the degree to which the derivative does not offset the underlying exposure, is recognized immediately in cost of goods sold. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not designate any of its derivatives as cash flow hedges.

Commodity Risk – Non-Designated Hedges – The Company uses derivative instruments to lock in prices for certain amounts of corn and ethanol by entering into forward contracts for those commodities. These derivatives are not designated for special hedge accounting treatment. The changes in fair value of these contracts are recorded on the balance sheet and recognized immediately in cost of goods sold. The Company recognized losses of $52,000 and gains of $395,000 as the change in the fair value of these contracts for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company recognized gains of $202,000 and $334,000 as the change in the fair value of these contracts for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The notional balances remaining on these contracts were $24,102,000 and $9,186,000 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

8

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

Non-Designated Derivative Instruments – The Company classified its derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments of $514,000 and $291,000 in other assets and accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2012, respectively, and $244,000 and $500,000 in other assets and accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2011, respectively.

The classification and amounts of the Company’s recognized gains (losses) for its derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are as follow (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Realized Gains (Losses) |
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |
Type of Instrument |  | Statements of Operations Location |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (440 | ) |  | $ | 483 |

|  |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) |
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |
Type of Instrument |  | Statements of Operations Location |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | (88 | )

|  |  |  | Realized Gains |
|  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Type of Instrument |  | Statements of Operations Location |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 460 |

|  |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
|  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Type of Instrument |  | Statements of Operations Location |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (479 | ) |  | $ | (126 | )

9

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

| 5. | DEBT.

Long-term borrowings are summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2012 |  |  | December 31, 2011 |
Kinergy operating line of credit |  | $ | 17,158 |  |  | $ | 20,432 |
Senior unsecured notes |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | – |
Note payable to related party |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 750 |
Plant Owners’ term debt |  |  | 52,687 |  |  |  | 51,279 |
Plant Owners’ operating line of credit |  |  | 38,500 |  |  |  | 21,978 |
|  |  | 119,095 |  |  |  | 94,439 |
Less short-term portion |  |  | (50,105 | ) |  |  | (750 | )
Long-term debt |  | $ | 68,990 |  |  | $ | 93,689 |

Kinergy Operating Line of Credit – In May 2012, the Company extended Kinergy’s operating line of credit. The renewal of Kinergy’s credit facility is for an aggregate amount of up to $40,000,000, including an optional accordion feature for up to an additional $10,000,000. The prior credit facility included an accordion feature of $5,000,000. The credit facility expires on December 31, 2015. Interest accrues under the credit facility at a rate equal to (i) the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus (ii) a specified applicable margin ranging between 2.50% and 3.50%. The credit facility’s monthly unused line fee is 0.50% of the amount by which the maximum credit under the facility exceeds the average daily principal balance. Kinergy is also required to pay customary fees and expenses associated with the credit facility and issuances of letters of credit. In addition, Kinergy is responsible for a $3,000 monthly servicing fee. Payments that may be made by Kinergy to Pacific Ethanol as reimbursement for management and other services provided by Pacific Ethanol to Kinergy are limited to $800,000 per fiscal quarter in 2012, $900,000 per fiscal quarter in 2013, $1,000,000 per fiscal quarter in 2014 and $1,100,000 per fiscal quarter in 2015. As of September 30, 2012, Kinergy had unused availability under the revolving credit facility of $4,200,000.

In addition, the amended facility includes the accounts receivable of PAP as additional collateral. Payments that may be made by PAP to Pacific Ethanol as reimbursement for management and other services provided by Pacific Ethanol to PAP are limited to the extent that quarterly payments would result in PAP recording less than $100,000 of net income in the quarter.

For the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2012 and each fiscal quarter thereafter, Kinergy and PAP are collectively required to generate aggregate earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of $450,000 for the quarter and aggregate EBITDA of $1,100,000 for each two consecutive quarters. These amounts are required through December 31, 2013. In 2014, the required EBITDA amounts increase to $500,000 per quarter and $1,300,000 for each two consecutive quarters. Further, for all monthly periods, Kinergy and PAP must collectively maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (calculated as a twelve-month rolling EBITDA divided by the sum of interest expense, capital expenditures, principal payments of indebtedness, indebtedness from capital leases and taxes paid during such twelve-month rolling period) of at least 2.0 and are prohibited from incurring any additional indebtedness (other than specific intercompany indebtedness) or making any capital expenditures in excess of $100,000 absent the lender’s prior consent. Kinergy and PAP’s obligations under the credit facility are secured by a first-priority security interest in all of their assets in favor of the lender. The Company believes it is in compliance with these covenants.

10

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

Senior Unsecured Notes – In July 2012, as part of the Company’s acquisition of an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco, the Company issued senior unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) due April 13, 2013 in the aggregate principal amount of $10.0 million. Interest on the unpaid principal amount accrued at a rate of 5.00% per annum. As discussed in Note 11, the Company repaid the Notes in October 2012.

Plant Owners’ Term Debt and Operating Line of Credit – On July 13, 2012, the Plant Owners’ amended their existing credit facilities. Prior to the amendment, the credit facilities consisted of a $35,000,000 revolving credit facility, a $25,000,000 tranche A-1 term loan and a $26,300,000 tranche A-2 term loan. Under the amendment, the Plant Owners’ credit facilities were, among other things, amended to extend the maturity date in respect of $46,800,000 of the combined revolving credit facility and term loans from June 25, 2013 to June 30, 2016. In addition, the aggregate commitment amount under the revolving credit facility was increased by $5,000,000. Further, monthly interest payments due to certain lenders may, at the option of the Plant Owners, be deferred and added to the loans maturing on the extended maturity date of June 30, 2016. As of September 30, 2012, $1,407,000 of accrued interest was deferred and added to the term loan. The amendment also provides the Plant Owners with the ability to pay down and pay off the non-extending lenders and the outstanding tranche A-2 term loan at, or at any time prior to, the original maturity date of June 25, 2013 without penalty while keeping the extended loans in place.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, the Plant Owners increased their borrowings under their operating line of credit by $4,500,000 and $16,522,000, respectively.

As of September 30, 2012, the Plant Owners had unused availability under the revolving credit facility of $700,000.

On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners amended and restated their existing credit facilities and entered into a new revolving credit facility for an aggregate amount of up to $10,000,000. See Note 11- Subsequent Events.

The Company has had and continues to have extensive communications with holders of the $39,500,000 in debt due June 25, 2013 to restructure the existing loans and any additional loans under the new $10,000,000 credit facility. The Company also continues to explore its capital raising alternatives. The Company believes that it will be able to successfully restructure the loans or raise additional capital, or both, prior to the June 25, 2013 maturity date. However, the Company cannot provide any assurances that it will be able to do so, or what the terms of any restructuring or capital raising transaction might be. If the Company is unable to timely restructure the $39,500,000 in debt (together with any additional debt under the new credit facility) due June 25, 2013 or raise sufficient capital to repay the debt, the Company will be in default on that debt and in cross-default on the $46,800,000 in debt extended to June 30, 2016, all of which, totaling $91,300,000 plus any amounts borrowed under the new credit facility, will be accelerated and immediately due and payable on June 25, 2013. As a result, the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Kinergy and the Plant Owners, will likely experience material adverse effects.

Note Payable to Related Party – On March 31, 2009, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer provided funds in an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 for general working capital purposes, in exchange for an unsecured promissory note issued by the Company. Interest on the unpaid principal amount accrues at a rate of 8.00% per annum. The Company recorded interest under this note of approximately $15,000 and $20,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company recorded interest under this note of approximately $45,000 and $60,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, the remaining amount of $750,000 was due and payable on the extended maturity date of March 31, 2012. On March 7, 2012, the maturity date was further extended to March 31, 2013.

11

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

| 6. | COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, certain warrant holders exercised warrants in respect of 252,101 shares of common stock on a cashless exercise basis, resulting in 172,269 net shares of common stock issued by the Company. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, certain warrant holders exercised warrants in respect of 50,000 shares of common stock for $26,500 in cash.

July Offering – On July 3, 2012, the Company raised $10,903,000, net of $1,137,000 of underwriting and issuance costs, through a public offering of units consisting of an aggregate of 28,000,000 shares of common stock, warrants to purchase 28,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.63 per share with a term of five years and warrants to purchase 14,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.53 per share with a term of eighteen months (“July Offering”), which warrant exercise prices are subject to adjustment.

The warrants issued in the July Offering are subject to a “weighted-average” anti-dilution adjustment if the Company issues or is deemed to have issued securities at a price lower than the then applicable warrant exercise prices. In September 2012, as discussed below, the Company issued additional common stock and warrants, resulting in adjustments to the exercise prices of warrants issued in the July Offering. The adjusted exercise prices for the 5-year and 18-month warrants are $0.50 per share and $0.43 per share, respectively.

The Company accounted for the net proceeds of the July Offering by first allocating the $3,380,000 fair value of the warrants to liabilities and then allocating the remaining amount to equity.

September Offering – On September 26, 2012, the Company raised $10,091,000, net of $909,000 of underwriting and issuance costs, through a public offering of units consisting of an aggregate of 27,500,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 27,500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.59 per share with a term of three years (“September Offering”). The Company accounted for the net proceeds of the September Offering by first allocating the $1,658,000 fair value of the warrants to liabilities and then allocating the remaining amount to equity.

| 7. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES.

Purchase Commitments – At September 30, 2012, the Company had fixed-price purchase contracts with its suppliers to purchase $14,153,000 of ethanol and indexed-price contracts to purchase 112,000 gallons of ethanol. These contracts will be satisfied throughout the remainder of 2012.

Sales Commitments – At September 30, 2012, the Company had entered into sales contracts with its major customers to sell certain quantities of ethanol and WDG. The volumes indicated in the indexed-price contracts table will be sold at publicly-indexed sales prices determined by market prices in effect on their respective transaction dates (in thousands):

|  | Fixed-Price Contracts |
Ethanol |  | $ | 70 |
WDG |  |  | 521 |
Total |  | $ | 591 |

12

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | Indexed-Price Contracts (Volume) |
Ethanol (gallons) |  |  | 97,708 |
WDG (tons) |  |  | 55 |

Litigation – General – The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to litigation, business transactions, employee-related matters, and others. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. If the loss is not probable or the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the claim if the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible and the amount involved could be material. While there can be no assurances, the Company does not expect that any of its pending legal proceedings will have a material financial impact on the Company’s operating results.

| 8. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:

| · | Level 1 – Observable inputs – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

| · | Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data; and

| · | Level 3 – Unobservable inputs – includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable. For fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs, a description of the inputs and the information used to develop the inputs is required along with a reconciliation of Level 3 values from the prior reporting period.

The Company valued its warrants using a Monte Carlo Binomial Lattice-Based valuation methodology, adjusted for marketability restrictions. Significant assumptions used in the valuations for the dates noted are as follows (fair value in thousands):

As of September 30, 2012:

Original Issue Date |  |  | Exercise Price |  |  |  | Volatility |  |  |  | Risk Free Int Rate |  |  |  | Term (yrs) |  |  |  | Marketability Discount |  |  | Fair Value |
October 2010 |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  |  | 75.6% |  |  |  | 0.62% |  |  |  | 5.10 |  |  |  | 48.0% |  |  | $ | 43 |
December 2011 |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  |  | 77.7% |  |  |  | 0.47% |  |  |  | 4.21 |  |  |  | 55.9% |  |  |  | 585 |
July 2012 |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  |  | 76.8% |  |  |  | 0.62% |  |  |  | 4.76 |  |  |  | 57.5% |  |  |  | 3,351 |
July 2012 |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  |  | 73.9% |  |  |  | 0.17% |  |  |  | 1.26 |  |  |  | 57.5% |  |  |  | 858 |
September 2012 |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  |  | 74.1% |  |  |  | 0.31% |  |  |  | 3.00 |  |  |  | 58.5% |  |  |  | 1,658 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,495 |

13

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

As of December 31, 2011:

Original Issue Date |  |  | Exercise Price |  |  |  | Volatility |  |  |  | Risk Free Int Rate |  |  |  | Term (yrs) |  |  |  | Marketability Discount |  |  | Fair Value |
October 2010 |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  |  | 68.0% |  |  |  | 1.09% |  |  |  | 5.90 |  |  |  | 47.4% |  |  | $ | 226 |
December 2011 |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  |  | 68.0% |  |  |  | 0.83% |  |  |  | 4.96 |  |  |  | 52.0% |  |  |  | 1,695 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,921 |

The changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 inputs were as follows (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2011 |  | $ | 1,921 |
Warrant exercises |  |  | (112 | )
Adjustments to fair value for the period |  |  | 33 |
Balance, March 31, 2012 |  |  | 1,842 |
Adjustments to fair value for the period |  |  | (1,285 | )
Balance, June 30, 2012 |  |  | 557 |
July Offering |  |  | 3,380 |
September Offering |  |  | 1,658 |
Adjustments to fair value for the period |  |  | 900 |
Balance, September 30, 2012 |  | $ | 6,495 |

Other Derivative Instruments – The Company’s other derivative instruments consist of commodity positions. The fair value of the commodity positions are based on quoted prices on the commodity exchanges and are designated as Level 1.

The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at September 30, 2012 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts(1) |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 514 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 514 |

__________

(1) Included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

14

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 6,495 |  |  | $ | 6,495 |
Commodity contracts(1) |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 291 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 6,495 |  |  | $ | 6,786 |

__________

(1) Included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following tables summarize fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts(1) |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 244 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 244 |

__________

(1) Included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants(1) |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 1,921 |  |  | $ | 1,921 |
Commodity contracts(2) |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 500 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | 1,921 |  |  | $ | 2,421 |

__________

(1) Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2) Included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

| 9. | EARNINGS PER SHARE.

The following tables compute basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 |
|  | Loss Numerator |  |  | Shares Denominator |  |  | Per-Share Amount |
Net loss attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | (5,971 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (319 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss available to common stockholders |  | $ | (6,290 | ) |  |  | 115,677 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | )

15

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 |
|  | Income Numerator |  |  | Shares Denominator |  |  | Per-Share Amount |
Net income attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | 4,352 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (319 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 4,033 |  |  |  | 33,201 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 |
|  | Loss Numerator |  |  | Shares Denominator |  |  | Per-Share Amount |
Net loss attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | (13,553 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (949 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss available to common stockholders |  | $ | (14,502 | ) |  |  | 96,203 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 |
|  | Income Numerator |  |  | Shares Denominator |  |  | Per-Share Amount |
Net income attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | 5,120 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (946 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 4,174 |  |  |  | 21,230 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Add: Stock options |  |  | – |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 4,174 |  |  |  | 21,328 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |

There were an aggregate of 3,800,000 and 3,300,000 potentially dilutive weighted-average shares from convertible securities outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. These convertible securities were not considered in calculating diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

| 10. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.

Preferred Dividends – The Company accrued and paid cash dividends in respect of its Series B Preferred Stock of $319,000 and $949,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively, and accrued but did not pay cash dividends of $319,000 and $946,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. On August 21, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement with the Series B Preferred Stock holders under which the Company issued 2,360,000 shares of its common stock in payment of $732,000 of the total $7,315,000 of accrued and unpaid dividends in respect of the Series B Preferred Stock. In addition, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock agreed to forebear from exercising any rights they may have with respect to the unpaid dividends until January 1, 2014. The Company had accrued and unpaid dividends in respect of its Series B Preferred Stock of $6,583,000 and $7,315,000 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

16

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

Note Payable to Related Party – The Company had a note payable to its Chief Executive Officer totaling $750,000 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. This note matures on March 31, 2013.

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS.

Repayment of Senior Unsecured Notes – On October 1, 2012, the Company fully repaid in cash its $10,000,000 in senior unsecured notes from proceeds of its public offering, which closed on September 26, 2012.

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement – On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders party to the agreement. The Restated Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $40,000,000, a term loan of $25,000,000 (“Tranche A-1 Loan”) and a term loan of $26,300,000 (“Tranche A-2 Loan”). Under the terms of the Restated Credit Agreement, $39,500,000 of the combined revolving loans and term loans has a maturity date of June 25, 2013 and $51,800,000 of the combined revolving loans and term loans has a maturity date of June 30, 2016.

The Plant Owners may elect to receive Eurodollar loans and/or base rate loans. The per annum interest rate on Eurodollar loans is equal to (a) the rate obtained by dividing (i) the one-month LIBOR for the relevant interest period (but in no event less than 4%) by (ii) a percentage equal to (1) 100% minus (2) the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage (as determined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) for the relevant period, plus (b) the applicable margin of 10%. The per annum interest rate on base rate loans is equal to (A) the higher of (x) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System) plus 0.50%, (y) the rate of interest as publicly announced by Wells Fargo Bank as its “prime rate” or (z) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, plus the applicable margin of 10%.

Interest under the loans is payable monthly in cash, but as long as no default or event of default has occurred or is continuing, interest payments due to certain lenders for any period prior to June 25, 2013, may, at the option of the Plant Owners, be deferred and added to the principal balance of the Tranche A-1 Loan due June 30, 2016. The Plant Owners are also required to pay an unused line fee of 2.0% per annum and other customary fees and expenses associated with the credit facility.

The Plant Owners’ obligations are secured by a security interest in their assets and equity interests in favor of the lenders. The Restated Credit Agreement contains numerous customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and other customary terms and conditions, including events of default (including upon the occurrence of an event of default with respect to any indebtedness owed by the Company) and remedies in favor of the lenders. The Restated Credit Agreement also contains restrictions on the creation or incurrence of additional indebtedness (other than pursuant to the Credit Agreement described below) and on distributions of funds from the Plant Owners to any affiliates of the Plant Owners, including the Company.

The Restated Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants concerning certain of the Plant Owners’ budgeted expenses. Specifically, the Plant Owners shall not permit amounts disbursed pursuant to the categories in the budget related to the asset management agreement among the Plant Owners and the Company and operating disbursements to exceed their respective budgeted amounts by more than 10%.

17

PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

The Plant Owners have the right at any time, and from time to time, but subject to limitations imposed by an intercreditor agreement (described below), to prepay in whole or in part the revolving loans and Tranche A-1 Loans (and the Tranche A-2 Loans following the payment in full of the revolving loans and Tranche A-1 Loans). However, in the event of any prepayment of the Tranche A-1 Loans that have a maturity date of June 30, 2016, the Plant Owners must pay a premium equal to the present value of all interest payments which would have accrued from the date of such payment through June 30, 2016, calculated using a discount rate, applied quarterly, equal to the Treasury Rate as of such prepayment date plus 50 basis points. The Restated Credit Agreement also provides for mandatory prepayments in connection with certain customary events, including any sale of material assets; however, certain mandatory prepayments are not subject to the prepayment premium.

Credit Agreement – On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners entered into a Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with lenders party to the agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $10,000,000. The Plant owners may request (with a maximum of 5 requests) increases in the amount of the facility in increments of not less than $1,000,000, up to a maximum credit limit of $5,000,000. The lenders have no obligation to agree to such a request. Loans made under the Credit Agreement mature on June 25, 2013 or such later date on or prior to June 25, 2016, as may be agreed to by certain of the lenders holding in excess of 50% of the outstanding principal amount of the loans and the undisbursed amount of the aggregate lending commitment. Any extension of the maturity date will be in increments of one calendar year.

The Plant Owners may elect to receive Eurodollar loans and/or base rate loans. The per annum interest rate on Eurodollar loans is equal to (a) the rate obtained by dividing (i) the one-month LIBOR for the relevant interest period (but in no event less than 4%) by (ii) a percentage equal to (1) 100% minus (2) the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage (as determined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) for the relevant period, plus (b) the applicable margin. The per annum interest rate on base rate loans is equal to (A) the higher of (x) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System), plus 0.50%, (y) the rate of interest as publicly announced by Wells Fargo Bank as its “prime rate” or (z) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, plus the applicable margin. With respect to both the Eurodollar loans and base rate loans, the applicable margin is 5.5%; provided that for any loans for which interest is paid as capitalized interest, the applicable margin is deemed to be 8.0% per annum for the period for which interest is so paid.

Interest under the loans is payable monthly in cash, but as long as no default or event of default has occurred or is continuing, interest payments due to the lenders may, at the option of the Plant Owners, be deferred and added as capitalized interest to the principal balance of the loans. The Plant Owners are also required to pay an unused line fee of 2.0% per annum and other customary fees and expenses associated with the credit facility.

The Plant Owners’ obligations are secured by a security interest in their assets and equity interests in favor of the lenders. The Credit Agreement contains numerous customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and other customary terms and conditions, including events of default (including upon the occurrence of an event of default with respect to any indebtedness owed by the Company) and remedies in favor of the lenders. The Credit Agreement also contains restrictions on the creation or incurrence of additional indebtedness and on distributions of funds from the Plant Owners to any affiliates of the Plant Owners, including the Company.

The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants concerning certain of the Plant Owners’ budgeted expenses. Specifically, the Plant Owners shall not permit amounts disbursed pursuant to the categories in the budget related to the asset management agreement among the Plant Owners and the Company and operating disbursements to exceed their respective budgeted amounts by more than 10%.

The Plant Owners have the right at any time, and from time to time, but subject to limitations imposed by an intercreditor agreement, to prepay the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also provides for mandatory prepayments in connection with certain customary events, including any sale of material assets.

Intercreditor Agreement – On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners entered into an Intercreditor Agreement (“Intercreditor Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Agent”), as collateral agent. The Intercreditor Agreement provides, among other things, that the amounts owed by the Plant Owners under the Credit Agreement shall be senior in right and payment to the payment of amounts owed by the Plant Owners under the Restated Credit Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, the lenders under the Restated Credit Agreement have agreed to continue, and make certain additional extensions of, credit to the Plant Owners pursuant to the terms of the Restated Credit Agreement, upon, among other terms and conditions, the conditions that (i) obligations of Plant Owners under the Restated Credit Agreement shall be secured by a second priority lien on, and security interests in, the collateral under the Restated Credit Agreement, and (ii) subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Intercreditor Agreement, the payment of certain obligations under the Restated Credit Agreement shall be subordinate and subject in right and time of payment to the prior discharge of amounts owed by the Plant Owners under the Credit Agreement.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. This report and our consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements contain forward-looking statements, which generally include the plans and objectives of management for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our future economic performance and our current beliefs regarding revenues we might generate and profits we might earn if we are successful in implementing our business and growth strategies. The forward-looking statements and associated risks may include, relate to or be qualified by other important factors, including:

| · | fluctuations in the market price of ethanol and its co-products;

| · | the projected growth or contraction in the ethanol and co-product markets in which we operate;

| · | our strategies for expanding, maintaining or contracting our presence in these markets;

| · | our ability to successfully manage and operate third party ethanol production facilities;

| · | anticipated trends in our financial condition and results of operations; and

| · | our ability to distinguish ourselves from our current and future competitors.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report, or in the case of a document incorporated by reference, as of the date of that document. We do not undertake to update, revise or correct any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Any of the factors described immediately above, or referenced from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in the “Risk Factors” section of this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 could cause our financial results, including our net income or loss or growth in net income or loss to differ materially from prior results, which in turn could, among other things, cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially.

Overview

We are the leading marketer and producer of low-carbon renewable fuels in the Western United States.

We market all the ethanol produced by the Pacific Ethanol Plants, all the ethanol produced by three other ethanol producers in the Western United States and ethanol purchased from other third-party suppliers throughout the United States. We also market ethanol co-products, including WDG, for the Pacific Ethanol Plants. We have extensive customer relationships throughout the Western United States. Our ethanol customers are integrated oil companies and gasoline marketers who blend ethanol into gasoline. We arrange for transportation, storage and delivery of ethanol purchased by our customers through our agreements with third-party service providers in the Western United States, primarily in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, Colorado, Idaho and Washington. Our WDG customers are dairies and feedlots located near the Pacific Ethanol Plants.

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We have extensive supplier relationships throughout the Western and Midwestern United States. In some cases, we have marketing agreements with suppliers to market all of the output of their facilities.

After our recent acquisition of an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco in July 2012, we now hold a 67% ownership interest in New PE Holdco which indirectly owns the Pacific Ethanol Plants through its ownership of the Plant Owners. We operate and maintain the Pacific Ethanol Plants under the terms of an asset management agreement with New PE Holdco and the Plant Owners. We also market ethanol and WDG produced by the Pacific Ethanol Plants under the terms of separate marketing agreements with the Plant Owners whose facilities are operational. In addition, we provide operations, maintenance and accounting services for a 250,000 gallon per year cellulosic integrated biorefinery owned by ZeaChem Inc. in Boardman, Oregon, which is located adjacent to the Pacific Ethanol Columbia plant.

The Pacific Ethanol Plants are comprised of the four facilities described immediately below, three of which are currently operational. As future market conditions change, we may increase, decrease or idle production at those facilities which are operational or resume operations of any facility which is not operational.

Facility Name | Facility Location | Estimated Annual Capacity (gallons) | Current Operating Status
Magic Valley | Burley, ID | 60,000,000 | Operating
Columbia | Boardman, OR | 40,000,000 | Operating
Stockton | Stockton, CA | 60,000,000 | Operating
Madera | Madera, CA | 40,000,000 | Idled

We earn fees as follows under our asset management and other agreements with New PE Holdco and the Plant Owners:

| · | ethanol marketing fees of approximately 1% of the net sales price, but not less than $0.015 per gallon and not more than $0.0225 per gallon;

| · | corn procurement and handling fees of $0.045 per bushel;

| · | WDG fees of 5% of the third-party purchase price, but not less than $2.00 per ton and not more than $3.50 per ton; and

| · | asset management fees of $75,000 per month for each operating facility and $40,000 per month for each idled facility.

We intend to maintain and advance our position as the leading marketer and producer of low-carbon renewable fuels in the Western United States, in part by expanding our relationships with customers and third-party ethanol producers to market higher volumes of ethanol and by expanding the market for ethanol by continuing to work with state governments to encourage the adoption of policies and standards that promote ethanol as a fuel additive and transportation fuel. Further, we may seek to provide management services for other third-party ethanol production facilities in the Western United States.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires us to make judgments and estimates that may have a significant impact upon the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, the following require estimates and assumptions that require complex, subjective judgments by management that can materially impact the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations: revenue recognition; consolidation of variable interest entities; warrants carried at fair value; impairment of long-lived and intangible assets; and allowance for doubtful accounts. These significant accounting principles are more fully described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

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Results of Operations

The following selected financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, and the other sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in this report.

Certain performance metrics that we believe are important indicators of our results of operations include:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Variance |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Variance |
Production gallons sold (in millions) |  |  | 33.5 |  |  |  | 38.0 |  |  |  | (11.8% | ) |  |  | 106.0 |  |  |  | 113.0 |  |  |  | (6.2% | )
Third party gallons sold (in millions) |  |  | 73.8 |  |  |  | 84.6 |  |  |  | (12.8% | ) |  |  | 232.7 |  |  |  | 194.8 |  |  |  | 19.5% |
Total gallons sold (in millions) |  |  | 107.3 |  |  |  | 122.6 |  |  |  | (12.4% | ) |  |  | 338.7 |  |  |  | 307.8 |  |  |  | 10.0% |
Average sales price per gallon |  | $ | 2.65 |  |  | $ | 2.97 |  |  |  | (10.8% | ) |  | $ | 2.43 |  |  | $ | 2.79 |  |  |  | (12.9% | )
Corn cost per bushel – CBOT equivalent (1) |  | $ | 7.72 |  |  | $ | 6.90 |  |  |  | 11.9% |  |  | $ | 6.73 |  |  | $ | 6.95 |  |  |  | (3.2% | )
Co-product revenues as % of delivered cost of corn |  |  | 27.1% |  |  |  | 23.1% |  |  |  | 17.3% |  |  |  | 26.2% |  |  |  | 22.7% |  |  |  | 15.4% |
Average CBOT ethanol price per gallon |  | $ | 2.51 |  |  | $ | 2.78 |  |  |  | (9.7% | ) |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 2.62 |  |  |  | (12.6% | )
Average CBOT corn price per bushel |  | $ | 7.83 |  |  | $ | 6.96 |  |  |  | 12.5% |  |  | $ | 6.81 |  |  | $ | 6.99 |  |  |  | (2.6% | )

| (1) | We exclude transportation—or “basis”—costs in our corn costs to calculate a Chicago Board of Trade, or CBOT, equivalent price to compare our corn costs to average CBOT corn prices.

Net Sales, Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit (Loss)

The following table presents our net sales, cost of goods sold and gross profit (loss) in dollars and gross profit (loss) as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Net sales |  | $ | 215,860 |  |  | $ | 271,649 |  |  | $ | (55,789 | ) |  | (20.5)% |  | $ | 619,026 |  |  | $ | 659,390 |  |  | $ | (40,364 | ) |  | (6.1)%
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 218,300 |  |  |  | 263,461 |  |  |  | (45,161 | ) |  | (17.1)% |  |  | 633,843 |  |  |  | 647,355 |  |  |  | (13,512 | ) |  | (2.1)%
Gross profit (loss) |  | $ | (2,440 | ) |  | $ | 8,188 |  |  | $ | (10,628 | ) |  | NM |  | $ | (14,817 | ) |  | $ | 12,035 |  |  | $ | (26,852 | ) |  | NM
Percentage of net sales |  |  | (1.1% | ) |  |  | 3.0% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.4% | ) |  |  | 1.8% |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Net Sales

The decrease in our net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011 was due to decreases in our total volume of ethanol gallons sold and our average sales price per gallon.

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Total volume of ethanol gallons sold decreased by 15.3 million gallons, or 12%, to 107.3 million gallons for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 122.6 million gallons for the same period in 2011. The total volume of ethanol gallons sold declined due to reduced production rates caused by industry-wide lower corn crush margins resulting from decreased ethanol demand. The corn crush margin is the difference between specified index prices for ethanol and corn.

Our average sales price per gallon decreased 11% to $2.65 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from an average sales price per gallon of $2.97 for the same period in 2011, which was consistent with the decrease in the average CBOT ethanol price per gallon for the comparable periods. Our average sales price declined due to decreased ethanol demand. Total volume of ethanol gallons sold increased by 30.9 million gallons, or 10%, to 338.7 million gallons for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to 307.8 million gallons for the same period in 2011. The overall increase in gallons sold is primarily due to an increase in third party gallons sold, predominantly from additional gallons sold through third-party ethanol marketing arrangements, including from the Keyes, California production facility.

Our average sales price per gallon decreased 13% to $2.43 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from an average sales price per gallon of $2.79 for the same period in 2011, consistent with the decrease in the average CBOT ethanol price per gallon for the comparable periods.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit (Loss)

Our gross margin decreased to negative 1.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from positive 3.0% for the same period in 2011. Our gross profit (loss) decreased to a loss of $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from a profit of $8.2 million for the same period in 2011. The decreases in our gross margin and our gross profit (loss) were due to lower corn crush margins.

Our gross margin decreased to negative 2.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from positive 1.8% for the same period in 2011. Our gross profit (loss) decreased to a loss of $14.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from a profit of $12.0 million for the same period in 2011. The decreases in our gross margin and our gross profit in these periods were primarily due to lower corn crush margins. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, we were able to offset approximately $1.5 million of our production costs due to elevated corn prices with proceeds from the California Ethanol Producer Incentive Program, which were recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold. We did not receive any such proceeds for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table presents our selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 2,898 |  |  | $ | 3,495 |  |  | $ | (597 | ) |  |  | (17.1% | ) |  | $ | 9,400 |  |  | $ | 11,742 |  |  | $ | (2,342 | ) |  |  | (19.9% | )
Percentage of net sales |  |  | 1.3% |  |  |  | 1.3% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  | 1.8% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

SG&A decreased $0.6 million to $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to $3.5 million for the same period in 2011. The decrease in SG&A is primarily due to the following factors:

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| · | a $0.4 million reduction in legal expenses; and

| · | a $0.3 million reduction in noncash compensation expenses due to the decreased value of restricted stock awards to our employees and members of our board of directors.

SG&A decreased $2.3 million to $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to $11.7 million for the same period in 2011. The decrease in SG&A is primarily due to the following factors:

| · | a $1.3 million reduction in noncash compensation expenses due to the decreased value of restricted stock awards to our employees and members of our board of directors; and

| · | a $1.2 million reduction in legal expenses.

Fair Value Adjustments on Convertible Debt and Warrants

The following table presents our fair value adjustments on convertible debt and warrants in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Fair value adjustments on convertible debt and warrants |  | $ | (900 | ) |  | $ | 4,113 |  |  | $ | (5,013 | ) |  | NM |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 6,968 |  |  | $ | (6,616 | ) |  |  | (94.9% | )
Percentage of net sales |  |  | (0.4% | ) |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1% |  |  |  | 1.1% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

We issued convertible debt and warrants beginning in the fourth quarter of 2010 for $35.0 million in cash. The convertible debt and warrants were recorded at fair value. We issued additional warrants in December 2011, July 2012 and September 2012, which were also recorded at fair value. We recorded an expense of $0.9 million and income of $4.1 million related to the subsequent fair value adjustments of these instruments for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We recorded income of $0.4 million and $7.0 million related to the subsequent fair value adjustments of these instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Interest Expense, net

The following table presents our interest expense, net in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | 3,378 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | (693 | ) |  |  | (17.0% | ) |  | $ | 9,380 |  |  | $ | 11,337 |  |  | $ | (1,957 | ) |  |  | (17.3% | )
Percentage of net sales |  |  | 1.6% |  |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  | 1.7% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest expense, net decreased by $0.7 million to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from $4.1 million for the same period in 2011. Interest expense, net decreased by $1.9 million to $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from $11.3 million for the same period in 2011. The decrease in interest expense, net for these periods is primarily due to decreased average debt balances, largely due to the retirement of our convertible debt in November 2011.

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Other Expense, net

The following table presents our other expense, net in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Other expense, net |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | (61 | ) |  |  | (36.7% | ) |  | $ | 499 |  |  | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | (210 | ) |  |  | (29.6% | )
Percentage of net sales |  |  | 0.0% |  |  |  | 0.1% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1% |  |  |  | 0.1% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other expense, net decreased by $0.1 million to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from $0.2 million for the same period in 2011. Other expense, net decreased by $0.2 million to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from $0.7 million for the same period in 2011. The decreases in other expense, net are primarily due to reductions in bank fees.

Net (Income) Loss Attributed to Noncontrolling Interest in Variable Interest Entity

The following table presents the portion of our net (income) loss attributed to noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Net (income) loss attributed to noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity |  | $ | 3,750 |  |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 3,967 |  |  | NM |  | $ | 20,191 |  |  | $ | 9,905 |  |  | $ | 10,286 |  |  | NM
Percentage of net sales |  |  | 1.7% |  |  |  | (0.1% | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.3% |  |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Net (income) loss attributed to noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity relates to our consolidated treatment of New PE Holdco, a variable interest entity. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, we consolidated the entire income statement of New PE Holdco. However, because we owned less than 100% of New PE Holdco, we reduced our net income (loss) for the amount attributed to noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity corresponding to the ownership interest that we do not own.

Net Income (Loss) Attributed to Pacific Ethanol

The following table presents our net income (loss) attributed to Pacific Ethanol in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Net income (loss) attributed to Pacific Ethanol |  | $ | (5,971 | ) |  | $ | 4,352 |  |  | $ | (10,323 | ) |  | NM |  | $ | (13,553 | ) |  | $ | 5,120 |  |  | $ | (18,673 | ) |  | NM
Percentage of net sales |  |  | (2.8% | ) |  |  | 1.6% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.2% | ) |  |  | 0.8% |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Net income attributed to Pacific Ethanol decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same periods in 2011, primarily due to our lower gross profit resulting from lower corn crush margins and additional losses attributed to Pacific Ethanol from our increased ownership interest in New PE Holdco, which generated losses at the plant-level.

Preferred Stock Dividends and Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders

The following table presents our preferred stock dividends in dollars for our Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock, these preferred stock dividends as a percentage of net sales, and our income (loss) available to common stockholders in dollars and our income (loss) available to common stockholders as a percentage of net sales (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Variance in
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Preferred stock dividends |  | $ | (319 | ) |  | $ | (319 | ) |  | $ | – |  |  | —% |  | $ | (949 | ) |  | $ | (946 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | (0.3)%
Percentage of net sales |  |  | (0.1% | ) |  |  | (0.1% | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1% | ) |  |  | (0.1% | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) available to common stockholders |  | $ | (6,290 | ) |  | $ | 4,033 |  |  | $ | (10,323 | ) |  | NM |  | $ | (14,502 | ) |  | $ | 4,174 |  |  | $ | (18,676 | ) |  | NM
Percentage of net sales |  |  | (2.9% | ) |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.3% | ) |  |  | 0.6% |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Shares of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to quarterly cumulative dividends payable in arrears in an amount equal to 7% per annum of the purchase price per share of the Series B Preferred Stock. We have recorded dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock in the aggregate amount of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, and $0.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. We paid the dividends for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, however, we accrued and did not pay any dividends for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, resulting in total accrued and unpaid dividends of $6.6 million as of September 30, 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we funded our operations primarily from cash provided by operations, equity financings and borrowings under our credit facilities. As of September 30, 2012, we had working capital of $6.8 million and cash and cash equivalents of $18.7 million. As of December 31, 2011, we had working capital of $50.5 million and cash and cash equivalents of $8.9 million. Our current available capital resources consist of cash on hand, amounts available for borrowing under Kinergy’s credit facility and amounts available for borrowing under the Plant Owners’ credit facility for the operations of the Pacific Ethanol Plants.

In July 2012, we raised $12.0 million in gross proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants. Shortly thereafter, we purchased an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco for $20.0 million, paying $10.0 million in cash and issuing $10.0 million in senior unsecured promissory notes, or Notes, due April 13, 2013. In September 2012, we raised $11.0 million in gross proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants and used the proceeds to repay in full the Notes in October 2012. In July 2012, the Plant Owners extended to June 30, 2016 the maturity date in respect of $46.8 million of the total $86.3 million of the Plant Owners’ term and revolving debt and increased its revolving debt by $5.0 million. In October 2012, the Plant Owners secured a new revolving credit facility of up to $10.0 million. The remaining $39.5 million, together with up to an additional $10.0 million under the new credit facility, is due on June 25, 2013.

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We have had and continue to have extensive communications with holders of the $39.5 million in debt due June 25, 2013 to restructure the existing loans and any additional loans under the new $10.0 million credit facility. We also continue to explore our capital raising alternatives. We believe that we will be able to successfully restructure the loans or raise additional capital, or both, prior to the June 25, 2013 maturity date. However, we can provide no assurances that we will be able to do so, or what the terms of any restructuring or capital raising transaction might be. If we are unable to timely restructure the $39.5 million in debt (together with any additional debt under the new credit facility) due June 25, 2013 or raise sufficient capital to repay the debt, we will be in default on that debt and in cross-default on the $46.8 million in debt extended to June 30, 2016, all of which, totaling $91.3 million plus any amounts borrowed under the new credit facility, will be accelerated and immediately due and payable on June 25, 2013. As a result, we and our direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Kinergy and the Plant Owners, will likely experience material adverse effects.

Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity depends, in part, upon factors within the ethanol industry beyond our control. These factors, which include, but are not limited to, the prices of corn, ethanol, natural gas and WDG, as well as regulatory changes and economic and financial conditions in our industry and the global economy, may affect our ability to generate cash flows from operations and to satisfy our obligations as they become due.

Despite our liquidity risks, we believe that current and future available capital resources, revenues generated from operations, and other existing sources of liquidity, including our credit facilities, will be adequate to meet our anticipated capital requirements for the next twelve months. If, however, our capital requirements or cash flows vary materially from our current projections, or if other unforeseen circumstances occur, such as a lack of significant improvement or further deterioration of corn crush margins, we may require additional financing during that period. Our failure to raise capital, if needed, could restrict our growth, hinder our ability to compete and adversely impact our operations.

Quantitative Quarter-End Liquidity Status

We believe that the following amounts provide insight into our liquidity and capital resources. The following selected financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, and the other sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in this report (dollars in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2012 |  |  | December 31, 2011 |  |  | Variance |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 18,671 |  |  | $ | 8,914 |  |  |  | 109.5% |
Current assets |  | $ | 68,965 |  |  | $ | 66,748 |  |  |  | 3.3% |
Total assets of variable interest entity |  | $ | 163,218 |  |  | $ | 173,606 |  |  |  | (6.0% | )
Current liabilities |  | $ | 62,149 |  |  | $ | 16,297 |  |  |  | NM |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 153,109 |  |  | $ | 159,617 |  |  |  | (4.1% | )
Notes payable, current portion |  | $ | 50,105 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  |  | NM |
Notes payable, noncurrent portion |  | $ | 68,990 |  |  | $ | 93,689 |  |  |  | (26.4% | )
Total liabilities of variable interest entity |  | $ | 97,444 |  |  | $ | 76,478 |  |  |  | 27.4% |
Working capital |  | $ | 6,816 |  |  | $ | 50,451 |  |  |  | (86.5% | )
Working capital ratio |  |  | 1.11 |  |  |  | 4.10 |  |  |  | (72.9% | )

Change in Working Capital and Cash Flows

Working capital decreased to $6.8 million at September 30, 2012 from $50.5 million at December 31, 2011 as a result of an increase in current liabilities of $45.9 million, partially offset by an increase in current assets of $2.2 million. Current liabilities increased primarily due to an increase in the current portion of our long-term debt due to the reclassification of $39.4 million of the outstanding balance, as its maturity date is June 2013. In addition, we recorded $10.0 million in short-term notes payable related to our acquisition of an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco. On October 1, 2012, we repaid in full the $10.0 million in short-term notes with the proceeds from our public offering of common stock and warrants in September 2012.

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Current assets increased primarily due to higher cash and cash equivalents of $18.7 million, which includes approximately $10.0 million in net proceeds from our public offering of common stock and warrants in September 2012.

Cash used in operating activities of $11.4 million resulted primarily from a consolidated net loss of $33.7 million and fair value adjustments of $0.4 million, partially offset by depreciation and amortization of $9.2 million, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $5.5 million, a decrease in prepaid inventory of $3.1 million, prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.5 million, inventories of $1.5 million, accounts receivable of $0.6 million and noncash compensation of $0.7 million.

Cash used in investing activities of $12.1 million resulted from our purchase of an additional 33% ownership interest in New PE Holdco for $20.0 million, $10.0 million of which was paid in cash, and additions to property and equipment of $2.1 million.

Cash provided by financing activities of $33.3 million resulted from the net proceeds of our two public offerings of common stock and warrants in the aggregate amount of $21.0 million, borrowings of $13.2 million and cash payments of dividends in respect of our Series B Preferred Stock of $0.9 million.

Kinergy Operating Line of Credit

In May 2012, we extended Kinergy’s operating line of credit. The renewal of Kinergy’s credit facility is for an aggregate amount of up to $30.0 million, with an optional accordion feature for up to an additional $10.0 million. The prior credit facility included an accordion feature of $5.0 million. The credit facility expires on December 31, 2015. Interest accrues under the credit facility at a rate equal to (i) the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus (ii) a specified applicable margin ranging between 2.50% and 3.50%. The credit facility’s monthly unused line fee is 0.50% of the amount by which the maximum credit under the facility exceeds the average daily principal balance. Kinergy is also required to pay customary fees and expenses associated with the credit facility and issuances of letters of credit. In addition, Kinergy is responsible for a $3,000 monthly servicing fee. Payments that may be made by Kinergy to Pacific Ethanol as reimbursement for management and other services provided by Pacific Ethanol to Kinergy are limited to $800,000 per fiscal quarter in 2012, $900,000 per fiscal quarter in 2013, $1,000,000 per fiscal quarter in 2014 and $1,100,000 per fiscal quarter in 2015.

In addition, the amended facility includes the accounts receivable of PAP as additional collateral. Payments that may be made by PAP to Pacific Ethanol as reimbursement for management and other services provided by Pacific Ethanol to PAP are limited to the extent that quarterly payments would result in PAP recording less than $100,000 of net income in the quarter.

For the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2012 and each fiscal quarter thereafter, Kinergy and PAP are collectively required to generate aggregate earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of $450,000 for the quarter and aggregate EBITDA of $1,100,000 for each two consecutive quarters. These amounts are required through December 31, 2013. In 2014, the required EBITDA amounts increase to $500,000 per quarter and $1,300,000 for each two consecutive quarters. Further, for all monthly periods, Kinergy and PAP must collectively maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (calculated as a twelve-month rolling EBITDA divided by the sum of interest expense, capital expenditures, principal payments of indebtedness, indebtedness from capital leases and taxes paid during such twelve-month rolling period) of at least 2.0 and are prohibited from incurring any additional indebtedness (other than specific intercompany indebtedness) or making any capital expenditures in excess of $100,000 absent the lender’s prior consent. Kinergy and PAP’s obligations under the credit facility are secured by a first-priority security interest in all of their assets in favor of the lender.

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The following table summarizes Kinergy’s financial covenants and actual results for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

|  | Periods Ended September 30, |  |  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
EBITDA Requirement – Three Months |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 250 |
Actual |  | $ | 2,117 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 555 |
Excess |  | $ | 1,667 |  |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 305 |
EBITDA Requirement – Six Months |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 900 |
Actual |  | $ | 3,047 |  |  | $ | 3,220 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 2,387 |
Excess |  | $ | 1,947 |  |  | $ | 2,320 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 1,487 |
Fixed Coverage Ratio Requirement |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 1.10 |
Actual |  |  | 3.63 |  |  |  | 6.39 |  |  |  | 4.26 |  |  |  | 7.13 |
Excess |  |  | 1.63 |  |  |  | 4.39 |  |  |  | 2.26 |  |  |  | 6.03 |

Pacific Ethanol has guaranteed all of Kinergy’s obligations under the credit facility. As of September 30, 2012, Kinergy had amounts available for borrowing under the credit facility of $4.2 million and an outstanding balance of $17.2 million.

Plant Owners’ Credit Facilities

Amended and Restated Credit Facility

On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners amended and restated their existing credit facilities with their lenders to provide for a revolving credit facility of up to $40.0 million, a term loan of $25.0 million (“Tranche A-1 Loan”) and a term loan of $26.3 million (“Tranche A-2 Loan”). Under the credit facilities, $39.5 million of the combined revolving loans and term loans has a maturity date of June 25, 2013 and $51.8 million of the combined revolving loans and term loans has a maturity date of June 30, 2016.

The Plant Owners may elect to receive Eurodollar loans and/or base rate loans. The per annum interest rate on Eurodollar loans is equal to (a) the rate obtained by dividing (i) the one-month LIBOR for the relevant interest period (but in no event less than 4%) by (ii) a percentage equal to (1) 100% minus (2) the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage (as determined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) for the relevant period, plus (b) the applicable margin of 10%. The per annum interest rate on base rate loans is equal to (A) the higher of (x) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System) plus 0.50%, (y) the rate of interest as publicly announced by Wells Fargo Bank as its “prime rate” or (z) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, plus the applicable margin of 10%.

Interest under the loans is payable monthly in cash, but as long as no default or event of default has occurred or is continuing, interest payments due to certain lenders for any period prior to June 25, 2013, may, at the option of the Plant Owners, be deferred and added to the principal balance of the Tranche A-1 Loan due June 30, 2016. The Plant Owners are also required to pay an unused line fee of 2.0% per annum and other customary fees and expenses associated with the credit facility.

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The Plant Owners’ obligations are secured by a security interest in their assets and equity interests in favor of the lenders.

The amended and restated credit facility contains numerous customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and other customary terms and conditions, including events of default (including upon the occurrence of an event of default with respect to any indebtedness owed by Pacific Ethanol) and remedies in favor of the lenders. The facility also contains restrictions on the creation or incurrence of additional indebtedness (other than pursuant to the new credit facility described below) and on distributions of funds from the Plant Owners to any affiliates of the Plant Owners, including Pacific Ethanol.

The amended and restated credit facility also contains financial covenants concerning certain of the Plant Owners’ budgeted expenses. Specifically, the Plant Owners shall not permit amounts disbursed pursuant to the categories in the budget related to the asset management agreement among the Plant Owners and Pacific Ethanol and operating disbursements to exceed their respective budgeted amounts by more than 10%.

The Plant Owners have the right at any time, and from time to time, but subject to limitations imposed by an intercreditor agreement (described below), to prepay in whole or in part the revolving loans and Tranche A-1 Loans (and the Tranche A-2 Loans following the payment in full of the revolving loans and Tranche A-1 Loans). However, in the event of any prepayment of the Tranche A-1 Loans that have a maturity date of June 30, 2016, the Plant Owners must pay a premium equal to the present value of all interest payments which would have accrued from the date of such payment through June 30, 2016, calculated using a discount rate, applied quarterly, equal to the Treasury Rate as of such prepayment date plus 50 basis points. The amended and restated credit facility also provides for mandatory prepayments in connection with certain customary events, including any sale of material assets; however, certain mandatory prepayments are not subject to the prepayment premium.

New Credit Facility

On October 29, 2012, the Plant Owners also secured a new revolving credit facility of up to $10.0 million with the ability to request incremental increases of up to a maximum aggregate amount of $5.0 million. The new credit facility matures on June 25, 2013.

The Plant Owners may elect to receive Eurodollar loans and/or base rate loans under the new credit facility. The per annum interest rate on the loans is the same as under the amended and restated credit facility described above; however, the applicable margin under the new credit facility is 5.5% per annum instead of 10%; provided that for any loans for which interest is paid as capitalized interest, the applicable margin is 8.0% per annum for the period for which interest is so paid.

The timing of interest payments, the Plant Owners’ ability to capitalize interest, the unused line fees and other customary fees and expenses associated with the new credit facility are the same as for the amended and restated credit facility described above. The Plant Owners’ obligations under the new credit facility are secured by a security interest in their assets and equity interests in favor of the lenders. The new credit facility contains representations and warranties, events of default and financial covenants identical to those contained in the amended and restated credit facility. The Plant Owners have the right at any time, and from time to time, but subject to limitations imposed by an intercreditor agreement, to prepay the revolving loans under the new credit facility. The credit facility requires mandatory prepayments in connection with certain customary events, including any sale of material assets.

As of September 30, 2012, the Plant Owners had unused borrowing availability under its revolving credit facility of $0.7 million and an outstanding balance of $38.5 million due June 25, 2013. Upon securing its new credit facility, the Plant Owners’ unused borrowing availability under its revolving credit facilities increased to $10.7 million.

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Intercreditor Agreement

In connection with entering into the amended and restated credit facility and the new credit facility, the Plant Owners entered into an Intercreditor Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, as collateral agent. The Intercreditor Agreement generally provides, among other things, that the amounts owed by the Plant Owners under the new credit facility shall be senior in right and payment to the payment of amounts owed by the Plant Owners under the amended and restated credit facility.

Note Payable to Related Party

On March 31, 2009, our Chief Executive Officer provided funds in an aggregate amount of $1.0 million for general working capital purposes, in exchange for an unsecured promissory note issued by us. Interest on the unpaid principal amount accrues at a rate of 8.00% per annum. As of December 31, 2011, the remaining amount of $0.8 million was due and payable on the extended maturity date of March 31, 2012. On March 7, 2012, the maturity date was further extended to March 31, 2013.

Effects of Inflation

The impact of inflation was not significant to our financial condition or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

None.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of September 30, 2012 that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control systems are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of internal control over financial reporting can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been or will be detected.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the amounts claimed may be substantial, the ultimate liability cannot presently be determined because of considerable uncertainties that exist. Therefore, it is possible that the outcome of those legal proceedings, claims and litigation could adversely affect our quarterly or annual operating results or cash flows when resolved in a future period. However, based on facts currently available, management believes such matters will not adversely affect in any material respect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report and the risk factors included below, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to restructure or repay the Plant Owners’ term and revolving debt in the aggregate amount of up to $49.5 million prior to its June 25, 2013 maturity date. Our inability to timely restructure or repay the debt will likely result in material adverse effects on us and our direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Kinergy and the Plant Owners, and on each Plant Owner’s ability to continue as a going concern.

In July 2012, we extended to June 30, 2016 the maturity date in respect of $46.8 million of the Plant Owners’ term and revolving debt. The Plant Owners’ remaining $39.5 million in debt, plus up to an additional $10.0 million in revolving debt, is due on June 25, 2013. The Plant Owners do not and will likely not have sufficient funds to repay the up to $49.5 million in debt on or prior to its maturity. We are therefore attempting to restructure the debt or raise additional capital. If we are unable to timely restructure the debt or raise sufficient capital to repay the debt, we will be in default on that debt and in cross-default on the $46.8 million in debt extended to June 30, 2016, all of which totaling $91.3 million plus up to an additional $10.0 million in revolving debt, will be accelerated and immediately due and payable on June 25, 2013. Our inability to restructure or repay the debt prior to its maturity will likely have a material adverse effect on us and our direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Kinergy and the Plant Owners, and on each Plant Owner’s ability to continue as a going concern. For example, the Plant Owners may be forced to suspend or curtail their operations and possibly seek protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code. A material adverse effect on the Plant Owners would likewise materially and adversely harm our business, results of operations and future prospects.

We have received a delisting notice from The NASDAQ Stock Market. Our common stock may be involuntarily delisted from trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market if we fail to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement of $1.00 per share. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise additional financing and may also materially and adversely impact our credit terms with our vendors.

The quantitative listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market, or NASDAQ, require, among other things, that listed companies maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share. We failed to satisfy this threshold for 30 consecutive trading days and on June 6, 2012, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that we have been provided an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until December 3, 2012, in which to regain compliance. The letter states that the NASDAQ staff will provide written notification that we have achieved compliance if at any time before December 3, 2012, the bid price of our common stock closes at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days unless the NASDAQ staff exercises its discretion to extend this 10 day period. We may be eligible to receive an additional 180 day compliance period if we meet some of the initial listing requirements of The NASDAQ Capital Market, notify NASDAQ of our intent to cure the deficiency and it appears to the staff of NASDAQ that it is possible for us to cure the deficiency. If we do not regain compliance by December 3, 2012, or, if we do not receive an additional compliance period, by 180 days thereafter, the NASDAQ staff will provide written notice that our common stock is subject to delisting. Given the increased market volatility arising in part from economic turmoil resulting from the ongoing credit crisis, the challenging environment in the biofuels industry and our lack of liquidity, we may be unable to regain compliance with the closing bid price requirement by December 3, 2012 or 180 days thereafter. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise additional financing and may also materially and adversely impact our credit terms with our vendors.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We granted to certain employees and directors shares of restricted stock under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan pursuant to Restricted Stock Agreements dated and effective as of their respective grant dates by and between us and those employees and directors.

We were obligated to withhold minimum withholding tax amounts with respect to vested shares of restricted stock and upon future vesting of shares of restricted stock granted to our employees. Each employee was entitled to pay the minimum withholding tax amounts to us in cash or to elect to have us withhold a vested amount of shares of restricted stock having a value equivalent to our minimum withholding tax requirements, thereby reducing the number of shares of vested restricted stock that the employee ultimately receives. If an employee failed to timely make such election, we automatically withheld the necessary shares of vested restricted stock.

For the three months ended September 30, 2012, in connection with satisfying our withholding requirements, we withheld the following number of shares of our common stock and remitted cash payments to cover the minimum withholding tax amounts, thereby effectively repurchasing from the employees such number of shares of our common stock at the following deemed purchase prices:

Month |  | Number of Shares Withheld |  |  | Deemed Purchase Price Per Share |  |  | Aggregate Purchase Price |
July |  |  | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  | $ | – |
August |  |  | 748 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  |  | 262 |
September |  |  | – |  |  | $ | – |  |  |  | – |
Total |  |  | 748 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 262 |

Dividends

For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, we recorded an aggregate of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock. We declared and paid $0.3 million and $0.9 million in dividends for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain any earnings for use in the continued development of our business. The holders of our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends of 7% per annum, payable quarterly, none of which have been paid for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. Accumulated and unpaid dividends in respect of our Series B Preferred Stock must be paid prior to the payment of any dividends in respect of our common stock. On August 21, 2012, we entered into an agreement with the holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, under which we issued 2.4 million shares of our common stock in payment of $0.7 million of the $7.3 million of accrued and unpaid dividends at that time. In addition, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock agreed to forebear from exercising any rights they may have with respect to the unpaid dividends until January 1, 2014.

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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

We expect to hold our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders in May or June 2013 and will hold the meeting at a time, date and location to be determined. The record date and the time, date and location of the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders will be announced in due course. Because the date of the 2013 annual meeting is expected to change by more than 30 days from the date of the 2012 annual meeting, we desire to inform our stockholders of the revised deadlines for stockholder proposals to be discussed and voted upon at the 2013 annual meeting.

Proposals by stockholders that are intended for inclusion in our proxy statement and proxy and to be presented at our 2013 annual meeting must be delivered to our Secretary at our principal executive offices by Friday, December 21, 2012 in order to be considered for inclusion in our proxy materials. Those proposals may be included in our proxy materials if they comply with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission governing stockholder proposals as well as Section 2.14 of our bylaws, as applicable, and as set forth below.

For all other proposals by stockholders to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, our Secretary at our principal executive offices by Friday, March 8, 2013. The notice must set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting the information required in Section 2.14 of our bylaws and otherwise comply with that Section, which provides as follows:

2.14 NOMINATIONS AND PROPOSALS

Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at any meeting of stockholders only (a) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these bylaws, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.14; provided that stockholder nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the Corporation at a special meeting may only be made if the board of directors has determined that directors are to be elected at the special meeting.

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For nominations or other business to be properly brought before a meeting of stockholders by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of the preceding sentence, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the secretary of the Corporation not later than: (A) in the case of an annual meeting, the close of business on the forty-fifth (45th) day before the first anniversary of the date on which the Corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the prior year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that if the date of the meeting has changed more than thirty (30) days from the date of the prior year’s meeting, then in order for the stockholder’s notice to be timely it must be delivered to the secretary of the Corporation a reasonable time before the Corporation mails its proxy materials for the current year’s meeting; provided further, that for purposes of the preceding sentence, a “reasonable time” shall conclusively be deemed to coincide with any adjusted deadline publicly announced by the Corporation pursuant to Rule 14a-5(f) or otherwise; and (B) in the case of a special meeting, the close of business on the seventh (7th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a meeting of stockholders commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or any successor thereto, “Exchange Act”) and Rule 14a-11 thereunder (or any successor thereto) (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (b) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment); and (c) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, (ii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (iii) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, and (iv) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group that intends (X) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee and/or (Y) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination.

The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. Notwithstanding any provision of these bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14.

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For purposes of this Section 2.14, “public announcement” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Reuters, Market Wire or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.14, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.14. Nothing in this Section 2.14 shall be deemed to affect any rights (1) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, if applicable to the Corporation, or (2) of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the certificate of incorporation.

Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairperson of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 and, if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Section 2.14, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

Exhibit Number | Description
10.1 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated July 3, 2012 (1)
10.2 | Form of Senior Unsecured Note dated July 13, 2012 (2)
10.3 | Letter Agreement dated August 21, 2012 between Pacific Ethanol, Inc. and holders of Series B Preferred Stock (3)
10.4 | Underwriting Agreement dated September 21, 2012 between Pacific Ethanol, Inc. and Lazard Capital Markets LLC (4)
10.5 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated September 26, 2012 (4)
10.6 | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC, the Lenders referred to therein, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Amarillo National Bank (*)
10.7 | Credit Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC, the Lenders referred to therein, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Credit Suisse Loan Funding LLC and Amarillo National Bank (*)
10.8 | Intercreditor Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (*)
31.1 | Certifications Required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (*)
31.2 | Certifications Required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (*)
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (*)
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document (*)(5)
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema (*)(5)
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase (*)(5)
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase (*)(5)
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase (*)(5)
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase (*)(5)

| (*) | Filed herewith.

| (1) | Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for June 28, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2012.

| (2) | Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for July 13, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2012.

| (3) | Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for August 21, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2012.

| (4) | Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for September 21, 2012 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 21, 2012.

| (5) | Pursuant to applicable securities laws and regulations, we are deemed to have complied with the reporting obligation relating to the submission of interactive data files in such exhibits and are not subject to liability under any anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws as long as we have made a good faith attempt to comply with the submission requirements and promptly amend the interactive data files after becoming aware that the interactive data files fail to comply with the submission requirements. Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed and otherwise are not subject to liability.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC. |
Dated: November 14, 2012 | By: | /S/ BRYON T. MCGREGOR |
|  | Bryon T. McGregor Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

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EXHIBITS FILED WITH THIS REPORT

Exhibit Number | Description |
10.6 | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC, the Lenders referred to therein, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Amarillo National Bank |
10.7 | Credit Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC, the Lenders referred to therein, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Credit Suisse Loan Funding LLC and Amarillo National Bank |
10.8 | Intercreditor Agreement dated October 29, 2012 among Pacific Ethanol Holding Co. LLC, Pacific Ethanol Madera LLC, Pacific Ethanol Columbia , LLC, Pacific Ethanol Stockton LLC, Pacific Ethanol Magic Valley, LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. |
31.1 | Certification Required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2 | Certification Required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document (*)
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema (*)
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase (*)
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase (*)
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase (*)
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase (*)

____________________

(*) Pursuant to applicable securities laws and regulations, we are deemed to have complied with the reporting obligation relating to the submission of interactive data files in such exhibits and are not subject to liability under any anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws as long as we have made a good faith attempt to comply with the submission requirements and promptly amend the interactive data files after becoming aware that the interactive data files fail to comply with the submission requirements. Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed and otherwise are not subject to liability.

39