<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-20-021882.txt : 20200813
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-20-021882.hdr.sgml : 20200813
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200813161744
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-20-021882
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B5
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		3
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200813
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200813

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Pacific Ethanol, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000778164
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS [2860]
		IRS NUMBER:				412170618
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B5
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-238939
		FILM NUMBER:		201099567

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		400 CAPITOL MALL, SUITE 2060
		CITY:			SACRAMENTO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95814
		BUSINESS PHONE:		916-403-2123

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		400 CAPITOL MALL, SUITE 2060
		CITY:			SACRAMENTO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95814

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ACCESSITY CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20030627

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DRIVERSSHIELD COM CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20001115

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	FIRST PRIORITY GROUP INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B5
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ea125370-424b5_pacificetha.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed
Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration
Statement No. 333-238939</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(to
Prospectus dated July 1, 2020)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="img_001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>PACIFIC
ETHANOL, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Up
to $30,000,000 of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or sales agreement, with H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC, or Wainwright,
dated August 13, 2020, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus supplement. In accordance
with the terms of the sales agreement, under this prospectus supplement we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having
an aggregate offering price of up to $30,000,000 from time to time through Wainwright, acting as sales agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under
the symbol &ldquo;PEIX&rdquo;. On August 12, 2020, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market
was $4.06 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
registration statement to which this prospectus supplement forms a part contains a prospectus which covers the offering, issuance
and sale by us of up to $100,000,000 in the aggregate of our debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units
from time to time in one or more offerings, or the base prospectus. The $30,000,000 of common stock that may be offered, issued
and sold under this prospectus supplement is included in the $100,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by
us under the base prospectus. This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the base prospectus, and is qualified
by reference thereto, except to the extent that the information herein amends or supersedes the information contained in the base
prospectus. This prospectus supplement is not complete without, and may only be delivered or utilized in connection with, the
base prospectus and any future amendments or supplements thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
our delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the sales agreement, Wainwright may sell shares
of our common stock under this prospectus supplement by any method permitted that is deemed an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo;
as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Wainwright is not required to sell
any specific amount, but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading
and sales practices. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
we and Wainwright otherwise agree, we will pay Wainwright a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sales price
per share. In connection with the sale of common stock on our behalf, Wainwright may, and will with respect to sales effected
in an &ldquo;at the market offering,&rdquo; be deemed to be an &ldquo;underwriter&rdquo; within the meaning of the Securities
Act and the compensation of Wainwright may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification
and contribution to Wainwright against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investing
in our common stock involves certain risks. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement
and page 5 of the accompanying base prospectus and the risk and uncertainties described in the documents we file with the Securities
and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement for certain risks and uncertainties relating
to an investment in our common stock.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus. Any representation to
the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>H.C.
Wainwright &amp; Co.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
date of this prospectus supplement is August 13, 2020.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9;</FONT></P>



<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-top: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>P<FONT STYLE="text-transform: lowercase">age</FONT></B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 92%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THE OFFERING</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RISK FACTORS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">USE OF PROCEEDS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DIVIDEND POLICY</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-</FONT>8</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#c_001">DILUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in">S-8</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-</FONT>8</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL MATTERS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1</FONT>0</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXPERTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 9pt"><A HREF="#b_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-11</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 92%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: center"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_001">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">1</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_002">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">2</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_003">DESCRIPTION OF PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">3</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_004">RISK FACTORS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_005">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_006">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_007">DESCRIPTION OF capital STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">18</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_008">DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">26</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_009">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_010">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">30</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_011">GLOBAL SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">32</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_012">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">34</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_013">DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">37</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_014">LEGAL MATTERS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_015">EXPERTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_016">WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_017">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">39</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_001"></A>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus supplement relates to the offering of our common stock. Before buying any of the common stock that we are offering,
you should carefully read the accompanying base prospectus, this prospectus supplement, any supplement to this prospectus supplement,
the information and documents incorporated herein by reference and the additional information under the heading &ldquo;Where You
Can Find Additional Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.&rdquo; These documents contain
important information that you should consider when making your investment decision.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide information to you about this offering of our common stock in two separate documents that are bound together: (i) this
prospectus supplement, which describes the specific details regarding this offering; and (ii) the accompanying base prospectus,
which provides general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer to this &ldquo;prospectus,&rdquo;
we are referring to both documents combined. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying
base prospectus, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained
in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in
one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date&mdash;for example, a document
incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement&mdash;the statement in the document having the later date modifies or
supersedes the earlier statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
should rely only on this prospectus supplement and the information incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses we provide you. We have not, and Wainwright has not, authorized anyone
to provide you with information that is in addition to, or different from, that contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not,
and Wainwright is not, offering to sell securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not
assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other
than as of the date of this prospectus supplement or in the case of the documents incorporated by reference, the date of such
documents regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any sale of our common shares. Our business, financial
condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since those dates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
used in this prospectus supplement, the terms &ldquo;Pacific Ethanol,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo; and &ldquo;us&rdquo;
refer to Pacific Ethanol, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_002"></A>CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement contain &ldquo;forward-looking
statements&rdquo; and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided for under Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section
21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements include our current
expectations and projections about future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. We have tried to identify these forward-looking
statements by using words like &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo;
&ldquo;seek,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;future,&rdquo;
&ldquo;plan&rdquo; or variations of those terms and other similar expressions, including their use in the negative. You should
not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as to our expectations, as of the date of this
prospectus supplement and any applicable supplement to this prospectus supplement. These forward-looking statements are subject
to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities
to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; discussed
under the caption &ldquo;Item 1A. Risk Factors&rdquo; in Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or any updates discussed
under the caption &ldquo;Item 1A. Risk Factors&rdquo; in Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, together with all of the
other information appearing in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Given these risks and uncertainties,
readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Projections included in such risk factors
have been prepared based on assumptions, which we believe to be reasonable, but not in accordance with United States generally
accepted accounting principles or any guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Actual results will vary, perhaps
materially, and we undertake no obligation to update the projections at any future date. You are strongly cautioned not to place
undue reliance on such projections. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Pacific Ethanol
or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Except as required
by federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information,
future events or otherwise.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_003"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
following summary of our business highlights some of the information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into
this prospectus supplement. Because this is only a summary, however, it does not contain all of the information that may be important
to you. You should carefully read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, including the documents incorporated
by reference, which are described under &ldquo;Where You Can Find Additional Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain
Information by Reference&rdquo; in this prospectus supplement. You should also carefully consider the matters discussed in the
section in this prospectus supplement entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pacific
Ethanol</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a leading producer and marketer
of high quality alcohol products and low-carbon renewable fuels in the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We operate seven strategically-located
production facilities. Three of our plants are located in the Midwestern state of Illinois and four of our plants are in the Western
states of California, Oregon and Idaho. We are the seventh largest ethanol producer in the United States based on annualized production
capacity. Our plants have a combined high quality alcohol and fuel ethanol production capacity of 450 million gallons per year.
We market all the high quality alcohol, ethanol and co-products produced at our plants as well as ethanol produced by third parties.
In 2019, we marketed nearly 1.0 billion gallons combined of high quality alcohol and ethanol, and nearly 3.0 million tons of co-products
on a dry matter basis. Our business consists of two operating segments: a production segment and a marketing segment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Our mission is to be a leading producer
and marketer of high quality alcohol products, low-carbon renewable fuels and high-value animal feed in the United States. We intend
to accomplish this goal in part by investing in our production and distribution infrastructure, lowering the carbon intensity of
our products, extending our marketing business into new regional and international markets, and implementing new technologies to
promote higher production yields and greater efficiencies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Production Segment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We produce high quality alcohol, ethanol
and co-products at our production facilities described below. Our plants located in the Midwest are in the heart of the Corn Belt,
benefit from low-cost and abundant feedstock production and allow for access to many additional domestic markets. In addition,
our ability to load unit trains and barges from our Pekin, Illinois plants, allows for greater access to international markets.
Our plants located on the West Coast are near their respective fuel and feed customers, offering significant timing, transportation
cost and logistical advantages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Currently, we are operating at approximately
52% of production capacity. As market conditions change, we may increase, decrease or idle production at one or more operating
facilities or resume operations at any idled facility.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Facility Name</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Facility Location</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Estimated Annual Capacity<BR> (gallons)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><DIV><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Operating Status</B></P> </DIV></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Magic Valley</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; text-align: center">Burley, ID</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 22%; text-align: center">60,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; text-align: center">Idled</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Columbia</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Boardman, OR</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">40,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Operating</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Stockton</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Stockton, CA</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">60,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Idled</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">Madera</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Madera, CA</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">40,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Idled</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Pekin Wet</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Pekin, IL</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">100,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Operating</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Pekin Dry</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Pekin, IL</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">60,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Idled*</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -5.8pt; padding-left: 5.8pt">Pekin ICP</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Pekin, IL</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">90,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We anticipate restarting
our Pekin dry mill in September 2020, which was idled due to river closures.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 11pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We produce high quality alcohol and ethanol
co-products at our production facilities such as wet distillers grains, dried distillers grains with solubles, wet and dry corn
gluten feed, condensed distillers solubles, corn gluten meal, corn germ, corn oil, dried yeast and CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Marketing Segment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We market high quality alcohol products,
low-carbon ethanol, high protein feed and co-products produced by our facilities. We also market fuel ethanol produced by third
parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We have extensive and long-standing customer
relationships, both domestic and international, for our high quality alcohol products. These customers include producers and distributors
of ingredients for cosmetics, sanitizers and related products, distilled spirits producers, food products manufacturers, producers
of personal health/consumer health and personal care hygiene products, and global trading firms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Our fuel ethanol customers are located
throughout the Western and Midwestern United States and consist of integrated oil companies and gasoline marketers who blend ethanol
into gasoline. Our customers depend on us to provide a reliable supply of fuel ethanol, and manage the logistics and timing of
delivery with very little effort on their part. Our customers collectively require ethanol volumes in excess of the supplies we
produce at our Western production facilities. We secure additional ethanol supplies from third-party plants in California and other
third-party suppliers in the Midwest where a majority of ethanol producers are located. We arrange for transportation, storage
and delivery of ethanol purchased by our customers through our agreements with third-party service providers in the Western United
States as well as in the Midwest from a variety of sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in">We market our distillers grains and other
feed co-products to dairies and feedlots, in many cases located near our plants. These customers use our feed co-products for livestock
as a substitute for corn and other sources of starch and protein. We sell our corn oil to poultry and biodiesel customers. We do
not market co-products from other producers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Corporate
Information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a Delaware corporation formed in February 2005. Our principal executive offices are located at 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2060,
Sacramento, California 95814. Our telephone number is (916) 403-2123 and our Internet website is <I>www.pacificethanol.com</I>.
The content of our Internet website does not constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additional
information about us and our subsidiaries can be obtained from the documents incorporated by reference herein. See &ldquo;Where
You Can Find Additional Information.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>




<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_004"></A>THE
OFFERING</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
    stock offered by us</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up
    to $30,000,000 of common stock.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
        stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering&#9;</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 58%; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up to 64,375,275 shares, after giving effect to the assumed
sale of 7,389,162 shares of our common stock at a price of $4.06 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on
the Nasdaq Capital Market on August 12, 2020. The actual number of shares issued will vary depending on the price at which shares
may be sold from time to time during this offering.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manner
        of offering</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
    of shares of our common stock under this prospectus supplement may be made by any method deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market
    offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Wainwright will make all sales using commercially reasonable
    efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use
    of proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    net proceeds from the sales of shares pursuant to this offering will be used for general corporate purposes, including working
    capital and capital expenditures and potentially up to $20,000,000 for the repayment of indebtedness. See &ldquo;Use of Proceeds.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
    factors</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
    &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and the other information included in, or incorporated
    by reference into, this prospectus supplement for a discussion of certain factors you should carefully consider before deciding
    to invest in shares of our common stock.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         Nasdaq Capital Market symbol</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PEIX</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of shares of common stock to
be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 56,986,113 shares of our common stock outstanding as of August 12, 2020
and excludes the following securities outstanding on August 12, 2020:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5,500,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of warrants at a weighted
average exercise price of $1.00;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">712,292 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, or 2016 Plan;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">228,707 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of options granted under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, or 2006 Plan, at a weighted average exercise price of $4.12 per share;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">634,641 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon conversion of our Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    additional shares of common stock we may issue from time to time after that date.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_005"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RISK
FACTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Investing
in our shares of common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other
factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and in
other documents incorporated by reference to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections&nbsp;13(a),
13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and all other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement
and the accompanying base prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before investing
in our common stock. If any of these risks materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially
harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment. The
risks and uncertainties we describe are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we currently
deem immaterial, may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, financial condition,
or results of operations would likely suffer. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could
lose all or part of your investment.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to This Offering</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering, you may not agree with how we use the
proceeds, and the proceeds may not be invested successfully.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
management will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from any offering by us and could use them for purposes
other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management
with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess
whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield
a favorable, or any, return for Pacific Ethanol.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>You
may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible
into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell
shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by any investors
in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders.
The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common
stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering. In addition,
the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants or the conversion of outstanding shares of our Series B Cumulative Convertible
Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock, could result in further dilution of your investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Sales
of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could
depress the market price of our common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets could depress the market price of our common stock
and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future
sales of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and, therefore, any return on your investment
in our common stock must come from increases in the fair market value and trading price of our common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and, therefore, any return on your investment
in our common stock must come from increases in the fair market value and trading price of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
shares of common stock offered under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus may be sold in &ldquo;at
the market&rdquo; offerings, and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investors
who purchase shares under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus at different times will likely pay different
prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand,
to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold, and there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience
declines in the value of their shares as a result of share sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
actual number of shares we will issue under the sales agreement, at any one time or in total, is uncertain. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to certain limitations in the sales agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a sales notice
to Wainwright at any time throughout the term of the sales agreement. The number of shares that are sold by Wainwright after we
deliver a sales notice will fluctuate based on the market price of the common stock during the sales period and limits we set
with Wainwright. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our common stock during
the sales period, it is not possible at this stage to predict the number of shares, if any, that will ultimately be issued</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>You will suffer immediate and substantial dilution in the
net tangible book value per share of the common stock that you purchase in this offering.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The shares sold in this offering, if any, will
be sold from time to time at various prices; however, the assumed public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher
than the as-adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock. Therefore, investors purchasing shares of our common
stock in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the as-adjusted net tangible book value per share
after this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 7,389,162 shares of our common stock are sold at an assumed public offering
price of $4.06 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 12, 2020, for
aggregate gross proceeds of $30,000,000, and after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, new investors
in this offering will experience immediate dilution of $0.29 per share, representing the difference between the assumed public
offering price and our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering. See &ldquo;Dilution&rdquo;
for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you would incur if you purchase common stock in this offering.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_006"></A>USE
OF PROCEEDS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, we may sell shares of
our common stock pursuant to the sales agreement with Wainwright, which may result in aggregate gross proceeds of up to $30,000,000,
or approximately $29,025,000 in proceeds net of Wainwright&rsquo;s fee and other offering expenses payable by the Company. Because
there is no minimum amount of shares of our common stock that must be sold pursuant to our sales agreement with Wainwright, the
actual number of shares of our common stock sold and aggregate net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially
less than the amounts set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sales of
shares pursuant to this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. However, we
may use up to $20,000,000 of the net proceeds for the reduction of indebtedness under the following credit facilities (i) the term
loan credit facility entered into by our subsidiary, Pacific Ethanol Pekin, LLC, or PE Pekin, with Compeer Financial, PCA, or Compeer,
which matures on August 20, 2021 and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the 30-day LIBOR plus 3.75%, (ii) the revolving
credit facility entered into by PE Pekin with Compeer, which matures on February 1, 2022 and bears interest at a rate per annum
equal to the 30-day LIBOR plus 3.75%, (iii) the term loan credit facility entered into by our subsidiary, Illinois Corn Processing,
LLC, or ICP, with Compeer, which matures on September 1, 2021 and bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the 30-day LIBOR
plus 3.75%, and (iv) the revolving credit facility entered into by ICP with Compeer, which matures on September 1, 2021 and bears
interest at a rate per annum equal to the 30-day LIBOR plus 3.75%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_007"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DIVIDEND
POLICY</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable
future. We anticipate that we will retain any earnings for use in the continued development of our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current and future debt financing arrangements may limit or prevent cash distributions from our subsidiaries to us, depending
upon the achievement of certain financial and other operating conditions and our ability to properly service our debt, thereby
limiting or preventing us from paying cash dividends on our common stock. In addition, the holders of our outstanding Series B
Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends of 7% per annum, payable quarterly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <B><A NAME="c_001"></A>DILUTION</B></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If you invest in our
shares of common stock, your interest in our common stock will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the
public offering price and the adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering. Net tangible
book value on June 30, 2020, was approximately $3.75 per share. &ldquo;Net tangible book value&rdquo; is total assets minus the
sum of liabilities and intangible assets. &ldquo;Net tangible book value per share&rdquo; is net tangible book value divided by
the total number of shares outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">After giving effect
to the sale by us in this offering of 7,389,162 shares of common stock at an assumed public offering price of $4.06 per share (the
closing price of our common stock as quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 12, 2020), and after deducting the estimated
commissions and estimated offering expenses that we will pay, our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2020 would have been approximately
$237.2 million, or $3.77 per share of common stock. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of
$0.02 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $0.29 per share to purchasers in this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">Assumed public offering price per share</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">4.06</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt">Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2020</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.75</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors in offering</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.02</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the offering</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.77</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Dilution per share to new investors</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.29</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A $0.50 increase in the assumed public offering
price of the shares of common stock would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $0.07,
assuming the number of shares of common stock offered by us remains the same and after deducting the estimated commissions and
estimated offering expenses that we will pay, while diluting new investors by $0.74 per share. A $0.50 decrease in the assumed
public offering price of the shares of common stock would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this
offering by $0.04, assuming the number of shares of common stock offered by us remains the same and after deducting the estimated
commissions and estimated offering expenses that we will pay, while being accretive to new investors by $0.15 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of shares of common stock to
be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 55,482,308, shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2020
and excludes the following securities outstanding on June 30, 2020:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.5in; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">
        <P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#9679;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,500,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $1.00;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,203,837 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2016 Plan;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">228,707 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of options granted under our 2006 Plan, at a weighted average exercise price of $4.12 per share;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">634,641 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon conversion of our Series B Preferred Stock; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.05in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any additional shares of common stock we may issue from time to time after that date.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The
information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price, the actual number of
shares that we offer in this offering, and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. In addition, the information discussed
above assumes no exercise of the underwriter&rsquo;s over-allotment option.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_008"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to our sales agreement with Wainwright, we may sell an aggregate of up to $30,000,000 of shares of our common stock
from time to time through Wainwright, as our agent for the offer and sale of the common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement
and the accompanying prospectus. The actual dollar amount and number of shares of common stock we sell pursuant to the sales agreement
will be dependent on, among other things, market conditions and our fund-raising requirements. Wainwright may sell the common
stock by any method deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. We may
instruct Wainwright not to sell our common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us from time
to time. We or Wainwright may suspend the offering of our common stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
time that we wish to sell common stock under the sales agreement, we will provide Wainwright with a placement notice describing
the number of shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of
shares that may be sold in any one day, any minimum price below which sales may not be made and other sales parameters as we deem
appropriate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon receipt of a placement notice from
us, and subject to the terms and conditions of the sales agreement, Wainwright has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts
consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such shares up to the amount specified. The settlement between us
and Wainwright of each sale will occur on the second trading day following the date on which the sale was made or on such other
date that is agreed upon by us and Wainwright in connection with a particular transaction. The obligation of Wainwright under the
sales agreement to sell our common stock pursuant to a placement notice is subject to a number of conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will pay Wainwright commissions for its services in acting
as agent in the sale of our common stock. Wainwright will be entitled to compensation at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the
gross proceeds of the sales price per share sold. Wainwright may also receive customary brokerage commissions from purchasers of
the common stock in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121. Wainwright may effect sales to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive
compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from Wainwright and/or purchasers of shares of common stock for
whom they may act as agents or to whom they may sell as principal. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse Wainwright for fees
and disbursements of its legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $50,000 and to reimburse Wainwright for the documented fees and
costs of its legal counsel incurred in connection with Wainwright's ongoing diligence and other requirements arising from the transactions
contemplated by the sales agreement in an amount not to exceed $2,500 per calendar quarter. We estimate that the total expenses
for the offering, excluding compensation and reimbursements payable to Wainwright under the terms of the sales agreement, will
be approximately $75,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on an assumed offering price of $4.06 per share, which
was the closing price of our common stock on August 12, 2020, the maximum number of shares of common stock we could sell is approximately
7,389,162. If 7,389,162 shares of common stock were sold at the August 12, 2020 closing sales price, we would receive approximately
$30,000,000 in gross proceeds, or approximately $29,025,000 in proceeds net of Wainwright&rsquo;s maximum commission of 3.0% of
the gross proceeds of the sales price per share and other offering expenses payable by us. The actual proceeds to us will vary
depending on the number of shares sold, the prices of such sales and the actual amount of Wainwright&rsquo;s fee. Because there
is no minimum offering amount required, the actual total may be substantially less than the maximum amount set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the sale of our common stock on our behalf, Wainwright may, and will with respect to sales effected in an &ldquo;at
the market offering,&rdquo; be deemed to be an &ldquo;underwriter&rdquo; within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation
paid to Wainwright may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution
to Wainwright against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">To
the extent required by Regulation M, Wainwright will not engage in any market making activities involving our shares of common
stock while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Wainwright
and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates,
for which services they may in the future receive customary fees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
of our common stock as contemplated in this prospectus supplement will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust
Company or by such other means as we and Wainwright may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in escrow,
trust or similar arrangement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">We
will report at least quarterly the number of shares of our common stock sold through Wainwright, as our agent, in this offering
and, to the extent applicable, the number of shares of our common stock issued upon settlement of any placement notice, and the
net proceeds to us in connection with such sales of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
offering of our common stock pursuant to the sales agreement will terminate on the earlier of (i) the sale of all of our common
stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement, or (ii) termination of the sales agreement as permitted therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;PEIX.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
is a brief summary of the material provisions of the sales agreement and does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms
and conditions. We are filing a copy of the sales agreement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on a Current Report on
Form 8-K concurrently with the filing of this prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_009"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL
MATTERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
legal matters with respect to the validity of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement have been passed
upon for us by Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP, Irvine, California. Wainwright is being represented in connection with this
offering by Ellenoff Grossman &amp; Schole LLP, New York, New York.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_010"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXPERTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of Pacific Ethanol as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 appearing in Pacific
Ethanol&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, have been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference.
Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority
of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="b_011"></A><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHERE
YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, and the
rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities offered under this prospectus supplement.
This prospectus supplement, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information contained
in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Many of the contracts and documents
described in this prospectus supplement are filed as exhibits to the registration statements and you may review the full text
of these contracts and documents by referring to these exhibits.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
further information with respect to us and the securities offered under this prospectus supplement, reference is made to the registration
statement and its exhibits and schedules. We file reports, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q
and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities and Exchange Commission maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and
other information regarding issuers, including Pacific Ethanol, that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Securities and Exchange Commission&rsquo;s Internet website address is <I>http://www.sec.gov</I>. Our Internet website address
is <I>http://www.pacificethanol.net</I>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate that we will send an annual report to our stockholders until and unless we are required to do so by the rules
of the Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
trademarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus supplement are the property of their respective owners.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="b_012"></A>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities and Exchange Commission allows us to &ldquo;incorporate by reference&rdquo; the information we file with the Securities
and Exchange Commission. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another filed document.
Any information referred to in this way is considered part of this prospectus supplement from the date we file that document.
Any reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission after the date of this prospectus supplement and before the
date that the offering of the securities by means of this prospectus supplement is terminated will automatically update and, where
applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus supplement or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
supplement. Accordingly, we incorporate by reference the following documents or information filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                                                                                                                                        Current Reports on Form 8-K, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020000147/f8k122919_pacificethanol.htm">January
                                                                                                                                                        3, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020001489/f8k011520_pacificethanol.htm">January
                                                                                                                                                        22, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020005515/ea119280-8k_pacific.htm">March 5,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020006140/ea119524-8k_pacific.htm">March 12,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020007524/ea119964-8k_pacific.htm">March 26,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020009749/ea120806-8k_pacificethano.htm">April 21,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020009941/ea120952-8k_pacificethan.htm">April 23,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020011295/ea121517-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 7,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020011650/ea121518-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 11,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020011828/ea121719-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 12,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020013651/ea122403-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 29,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020020922/ea125220-8k_pacific.htm">August 7,
                                                                                                                                                        2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020021166/ea125300-8k_pacific.htm">August 10, 2020</A> and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020021413/ea125382-8k_pacificethanol.htm">August 11, 2020</A>;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Amended Current Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020001683/f8k110719a_pacificethanol.htm">Form 8-K/A</A> which we filed with the Securities and Exchange
                                         Commission on January 24, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020, which we
                                         filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2020</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Quarterly Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020012307/f10q0320_pacificethanol.htm">Form 10-Q</A> for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, which we
                                         filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020007976/f10k2019_pacificethanol.htm">Form 10-K</A> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which we filed
                                         with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         amended Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020010440/f10k2019a1_pacificethanolinc.htm">Form 10-K/A</A> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which
                                         we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2020</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Definitive Proxy Statement on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020017967/ea124311-def14a_pacific.htm">Form 14A</A>, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange
                                         Commission on July 20, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         amended Definitive Proxy Statement on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020017970/ea124312-defa14a_pacific.htm">Form 14A</A>, which we filed with the Securities and
                                         Exchange Commission on July 20, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         description of our capital stock contained in <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020007976/f10k2019ex4-1_pacific.htm">Exhibit 4.1</A> of our Annual Report on Form
                                         10-K, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2020; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         documents filed by us in accordance with Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange
                                         Act on or after the date of this prospectus supplement and before the termination of
                                         an offering under this prospectus supplement, other than documents or information deemed
                                         furnished and not filed in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will provide a copy of the documents we incorporate by reference, at no cost, to any person who received this prospectus supplement.
To request a copy of any or all of these documents, you should write or telephone us at: Investor Relations, Pacific Ethanol,
Inc., 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2060, Sacramento, California 95814, (916) 403-2123. In addition, each document incorporated by reference
is readily accessible on our website at <I>www.pacificethanol.com</I>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B><IMG SRC="img_002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">PACIFIC
ETHANOL, INC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$100,000,000</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Units</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus relates to the sale from
time to time in one or more offerings of up to $100,000,000 of debt securities, which we may issue in one or more series; shares
of our common stock; shares of our preferred stock, which we may issue in one or more series or classes; warrants to purchase our
debt securities, common stock or preferred stock; and units (collectively referred to as the &ldquo;securities&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will provide the specific terms of any
securities to be offered in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements may also add, update or change
information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities unless accompanied by a
prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">When securities are offered under this prospectus,
we will provide you with a prospectus supplement describing the specific securities being offered, the manner in which they are
being offered, the offering price of the securities and the net proceeds from the sale of those securities. The securities may
be offered separately or together in any combination or as a separate series. You should carefully read this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplement, together with any documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, before you invest
in our securities. We may sell these securities to or through underwriters, to other purchasers, through dealers or agents or through
any combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should
refer to the section entitled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in this prospectus. If any agents or underwriters are involved
in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters
and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts and over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price
to the public of such securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq
Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;PEIX.&rdquo; On June 22, 2020, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The
Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.72. </P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Investing in our securities involves
substantial risks. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page 5 of this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement,
and in any other document incorporated by reference herein or therein, for factors you should consider before buying any of our
securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful
or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">The date of this prospectus is July 1, 2020.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">TABLE OF CONTENTS</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 92%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: center"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_001">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">1</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_002">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">2</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_003">DESCRIPTION OF PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">3</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_004">RISK FACTORS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_005">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_006">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">5</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_007">DESCRIPTION OF capital STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">18</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_008">DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">26</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_009">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">29</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_010">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">30</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_011">GLOBAL SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">32</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_012">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">34</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_013">DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">37</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_014">LEGAL MATTERS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_015">EXPERTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_016">WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">38</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in; text-transform: uppercase"><A HREF="#a_017">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase">39</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_001"></A>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo;
registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. By using a shelf registration statement,
we may sell, at any time and from time to time in one or more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus,
up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we
may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement and attach it to this prospectus. The prospectus
supplement will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering, including the specific amounts, prices and
terms of the securities offered. The prospectus supplements may also add, update or change information contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus. Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent
statement made by us in a prospectus supplement. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the
information in the prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. <B>This prospectus may
not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The exhibits to the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part contain the full text of certain contracts and other important documents we have summarized
in this prospectus. Because these summaries may not contain all the information that you may find important in deciding whether
to purchase the securities we may offer, you should review the full text of these documents. The registration statement and the
exhibits can be obtained from the SEC as indicated under the heading &ldquo;Where You Can Find Additional Information&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You should rely only on the information
contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplements filed with the SEC. We have
not authorized anyone to provide you with different information and, if you are given any information or representation about these
matters that is not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or a prospectus supplement, you must not rely on
that information. We are not making an offer to sell securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of such securities
is not permitted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Neither the delivery of this prospectus
or any applicable prospectus supplement nor any sale made using this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement implies
that there has been no change in our affairs or that the information in this prospectus or in any applicable prospectus supplement
is correct as of any date after their respective dates. You should not assume that the information in or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by us, is accurate as of any date other than the date(s) on
the front covers of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since
those dates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">When used in this prospectus, the terms
&ldquo;Pacific Ethanol,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo; and &ldquo;us&rdquo; refer to Pacific Ethanol, Inc. and its
consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, the phrase &ldquo;this
prospectus&rdquo; refers to the prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_002"></A>CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus and the documents incorporated
by reference into this prospectus contain &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor
provided for under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements include our current expectations and projections
about future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. We have tried to identify these forward-looking statements by using
words like &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;seek,&rdquo;
&ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;future,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan&rdquo;
or variations of those terms and other similar expressions, including their use in the negative. You should not place undue reliance
on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as to our expectations, as of the date of this prospectus and any applicable
prospectus supplement. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that
could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied
by, these forward-looking statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">These risks, uncertainties and other factors
include, but are not limited to, those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; discussed under the caption &ldquo;Item 1A. Risk
Factors&rdquo; in Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or any updates discussed under the caption &ldquo;Item 1A.
Risk Factors&rdquo; in Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, together with all of the other information appearing in or
incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Projections included in such risk factors have been
prepared based on assumptions, which we believe to be reasonable, but not in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting
principles or any guidelines of the SEC. Actual results will vary, perhaps materially, and we undertake no obligation to update
the projections at any future date. You are strongly cautioned not to place undue reliance on such projections. All subsequent
written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Pacific Ethanol or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified
in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or
revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_003"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF PACIFIC ETHANOL, INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a leading producer and marketer of
low-carbon renewable fuels in the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We operate seven strategically-located production
facilities. Four of our plants are in the Western states of California, Oregon and Idaho, and three of our plants are located in
the Midwestern state of Illinois. We are the seventh largest producer of ethanol in the United States based on annualized volumes.
Our plants have a combined production capacity of 450 million gallons per year. We market all the ethanol, specialty alcohols and
co-products produced at our plants as well as ethanol produced by third parties. In 2019, we marketed nearly 1.0 billion gallons
of ethanol and nearly 3.0 million tons of co-products on a dry matter basis. Our business consists of two operating segments: a
production segment and a marketing segment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our mission is to be a leading producer
and marketer of low-carbon renewable fuels, high-value animal feed and high-quality alcohol products in the United States. We intend
to accomplish this goal in part by investing in our ethanol production and distribution infrastructure, lowering the carbon intensity
of our ethanol, extending our marketing business into new regional and international markets, and implementing new technologies
to promote higher production yields and greater efficiencies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Production Segment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We produce ethanol, specialty alcohols and
co-products at our production facilities described below. Our plants located on the West Coast are near their respective fuel and
feed customers, offering significant timing, transportation cost and logistical advantages. Our plants located in the Midwest are
in the heart of the Corn Belt, benefit from low-cost and abundant feedstock production and allow for access to many additional
domestic markets. In addition, our ability to load unit trains and barges from our Pekin, Illinois plants, allows for greater access
to international markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Currently, we are operating at approximately
50% of production capacity. As market conditions change, we may increase, decrease or idle production at one or more operating
facilities or resume operations at any idled facility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt; width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Facility
    Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center; width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Facility
    Location</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center; width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Estimated
    Annual Capacity<BR>
    (gallons)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Magic
    Valley</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Burley,
    ID</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">60,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Columbia</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Boardman,
    OR</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stockton</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stockton,
    CA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">60,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Madera</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Madera,
    CA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin
    Wet</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin,
    IL</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">100,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin
    Dry</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin,
    IL</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">60,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 5.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin
    ICP</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pekin,
    IL</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.05in; padding-left: 0.05in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">90,000,000</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We produce ethanol co-products at our production
facilities such as wet distillers grains, dry distillers grains with solubles, wet and dry corn gluten feed, condensed distillers
solubles, corn gluten meal, corn germ, corn oil, distillers yeast and CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Marketing Segment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We market ethanol, specialty alcohols and
co-products produced by our facilities and market ethanol produced by third parties. We have extensive customer relationships throughout
the Western and Midwestern United States. Our ethanol customers are integrated oil companies and gasoline marketers who blend ethanol
into gasoline. Our customers depend on us to provide a reliable supply of ethanol, and manage the logistics and timing of delivery
with very little effort on their part. Our customers collectively require ethanol volumes in excess of the supplies we produce
at our production facilities. We secure additional ethanol supplies from third-party plants in California and other third-party
suppliers in the Midwest where a majority of ethanol producers are located. We arrange for transportation, storage and delivery
of ethanol purchased by our customers through our agreements with third-party service providers in the Western United States as
well as in the Midwest from a variety of sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We market our distillers grains and other
feed co-products to dairies and feedlots, in many cases located near our ethanol plants. These customers use our feed co-products
for livestock as a substitute for corn and other sources of starch and protein. We sell our corn oil to poultry and biodiesel customers.
We do not market co-products from other ethanol producers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Corporate Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a Delaware corporation formed in
February 2005. Our principal executive offices are located at 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2060, Sacramento, California 95814. Our telephone
number is (916) 403-2123 and our Internet website is www.pacificethanol.com. The content of our Internet website does not constitute
a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Additional information about us and our
subsidiaries can be obtained from the documents incorporated by reference herein. See &ldquo;Where You Can Find Additional Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_004"></A>RISK FACTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Investing in our securities involves significant
risks. Before making an investment decision, you should consider carefully the risks, uncertainties and other factors described
in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current
reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC, and in documents which are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus, as well as the risk factors and other information contained in or incorporated by reference into the applicable prospectus
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If any of these risks were to occur, our
business, affairs, prospects, assets, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be materially and adversely
affected. If this occurs, the market or trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
In addition, please read &ldquo;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&rdquo; in this prospectus, where we describe
additional uncertainties associated with our business and the forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference
into this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <B><I>Our
bylaws contain an exclusive forum provision, which could limit our stockholders&rsquo; ability to obtain a favorable judicial
forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.</I></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> Our bylaws
provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery shall be the sole and
exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach
of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of us to us or our stockholders, (c) any action asserting
a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (d) any action asserting a claim governed
by the internal affairs doctrine. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> For the avoidance
of doubt, the exclusive forum provision described above does not apply to any claims arising under the Securities Act or Exchange
Act. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability
created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction
for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules
and regulations thereunder. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> The choice
of forum provision in our bylaws may limit our stockholders&rsquo; ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find
favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, which may discourage such lawsuits against us
and our directors, officers, employees and agents even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. The applicable
courts may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering
an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments or results may be more favorable to
us than to our stockholders. With respect to the provision making the Court of Chancery the sole and exclusive forum for certain
types of actions, stockholders who do bring a claim in the Court of Chancery could face additional litigation costs in pursuing
any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. Finally, if a court were to find this provision of our
bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur
additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on
us. &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_005"></A>USE OF PROCEEDS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will retain broad discretion over the
use of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we currently expect to use the net proceeds of our sale of securities for general corporate purposes, which
may include, among other things, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, investments, acquisitions, and the repayment
or refinancing of outstanding indebtedness. Pending these uses, we expect to invest the net proceeds in demand deposit accounts
or short-term, investment-grade securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_006"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF DEBT SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The complete terms of the debt securities
will be contained in the indenture and supplemental indenture applicable to the debt securities unless we are not required under
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act, to issue the debt securities pursuant to an indenture.
These documents have been or will be included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part. You should read the indenture and supplemental indenture. You should also read the prospectus supplement,
which will contain additional information and which may update or change some of the information below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This section describes the general terms
of the debt securities that we may offer using this prospectus. Further terms of the debt securities will be stated in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The following description and any description of the debt securities in a prospectus supplement may not
be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms of the applicable indenture and supplemental
indenture (to the extent we are required to issue the debt securities pursuant to an indenture) and form of debt security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>General</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue debt securities, in one or
more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible or exchangeable debt. The senior debt
securities will rank equally with any other unsubordinated debt that we may have and may be secured or unsecured. The subordinated
debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument
governing the debt, to all or some portion of our senior indebtedness. Any convertible debt securities that we may issue will be
convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of Pacific Ethanol. Conversion may be mandatory or at your
option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we are required pursuant to the provisions
of the Trust Indenture Act, the debt securities will be issued under one or more indentures, which are contracts between us and
an eligible banking institution or other eligible party, as trustee. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally
to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that
we may offer, including debt securities that are issued under an indenture, in more detail in a prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If required, we will issue the senior debt
securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. If required, we will
issue the subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated
indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
We use the term &ldquo;indentures&rdquo; to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summaries of the material
provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures (to the extent applicable to a particular
issuance of our debt securities) are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to all of the provisions of
the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. You should read the applicable prospectus supplement that we
may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of debt securities being offered and, to the extent applicable, the complete
indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Forms of indentures have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part, and we will file supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms
of the debt securities being offered under indentures as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
or such supplemental indentures will be incorporated by reference to reports that we file with the SEC. Except as we may otherwise
indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures will be qualified under the
Trust Indenture Act. We use the term &ldquo;indenture trustee&rdquo; to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated
trustee, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures do not limit the amount of
other debt that we may incur and do not contain financial or similar restrictive covenants. The indentures do not contain any provision
to protect holders of debt securities against a sudden or dramatic decline in our ability to pay our debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The prospectus supplement will describe
the debt securities offered and the price or prices at which we will offer the debt securities. The description will include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the title of the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the debt securities are senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and, if subordinated debt securities,
the related subordination terms;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities or the series of which they are a part;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the date or dates on which we must pay the principal;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the debt securities will be issued with any original issue discount;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the debt securities are convertible into common stock or other securities or property and, if so, the terms and conditions
upon which conversion will be effected, including the initial conversion price or conversion rate and any adjustments thereto and
the conversion period;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the rate or rates at which the debt securities will bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which interest will accrue,
and the dates on which we must pay interest;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay a premium or additional amounts on any debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the place or places where we must pay the principal and any premium or interest on the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms and conditions on which we may redeem or retire any debt security, if at all;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any obligation to redeem or repurchase any debt securities, and the terms and conditions on which we must do so;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the denominations in which we may issue the debt securities if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the manner in which we will determine the amount of principal of or any premium or interest or additional amounts on the debt
securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the principal amount of the debt securities that we will pay upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity if other than
100%;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the amount that will be deemed to be the principal amount for any purpose, including the principal amount that will be due
and payable upon any maturity or that will be deemed to be outstanding as of any date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the debt securities are defeasible;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>if applicable, the terms of any right to convert debt securities into, or exchange debt securities for, shares of common stock
or other securities or property;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>provisions for a sinking fund, purchase or other analogous fund, if any;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether we will issue the debt securities under indentures;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether we will issue the debt securities in the form of one or more global securities and, if so, the respective depositaries
for the global securities and the terms of the global securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any addition to or change in the events of default applicable to the debt securities and any change in the right of the trustee
or the holders to declare the principal amount of any of the debt securities due and payable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any addition to or change in the covenants in the indentures, if any, including whether the indenture will restrict our ability
or the ability of our subsidiaries to:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>incur additional indebtedness;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>issue additional securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>create liens;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital shares or the capital shares of our subsidiaries;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>redeem capital shares;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>place restrictions on our subsidiaries&rsquo; ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>make investments or other restricted payments;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>sell or otherwise dispose of assets;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>enter into sale-leaseback transactions;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>issue or sell shares of our subsidiaries; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>effect a consolidation or merger;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>whether the indenture, if any, will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based
or other financial ratios;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>information describing any book-entry features;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>procedures for any auction or remarketing, if any; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events
of default that are in addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities
that are in addition to those described above, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations
or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the debt securities at a substantial
discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe United States federal income tax considerations, if any, applicable
to debt securities sold at an original issue discount in the prospectus supplement. An &ldquo;original issue discount security&rdquo;
is any debt security that provides for an amount less than the principal amount to be due and payable upon the declaration of acceleration
of the maturity under the terms of the applicable indenture. The prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount
securities will describe the particular provisions relating to acceleration of the maturity upon the occurrence of an event of
default. In addition, we will describe United States federal income tax or other considerations applicable to any debt securities
that are denominated in a currency or unit other than United States dollars in the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Conversion and Exchange Rights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The applicable prospectus supplement will
describe, if applicable, the terms on which you may convert debt securities into or exchange them for common stock or other securities
or property. The conversion or exchange may be mandatory or may be at your option. The prospectus supplement will describe how
the number of shares of common stock or other securities or property to be received upon conversion or exchange would be calculated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the prospectus supplement indicates
otherwise, the following provisions will apply to the subordinated debt securities. The indebtedness underlying the subordinated
debt securities will be payable only if all payments due under our senior indebtedness, including any outstanding senior debt securities,
have been made. If we distribute our assets to creditors upon any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization or in
bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar proceedings, we must first pay all amounts due or to become due on all senior indebtedness
before we pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, the subordinated debt securities. In the event the subordinated
debt securities are accelerated because of an event of default, we may not make any payment on the subordinated debt securities
until we have paid all senior indebtedness or the acceleration is rescinded. If the payment of subordinated debt securities accelerates
because of an event of default, we must promptly notify holders of senior indebtedness of the acceleration.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus
supplement, we may not make any payment on the subordinated debt securities if a default in the payment of the principal of, premium,
if any, interest or other obligations, including a default under any repurchase or redemption obligation, in respect of senior
indebtedness occurs and continues beyond any applicable grace period. We may not make any payment on the subordinated debt securities
if any other default occurs and continues with respect to senior indebtedness that permits holders of the senior indebtedness to
accelerate its maturity and the trustee receives a notice of such default from us, a holder of such senior indebtedness or other
person permitted to give such notice. We may not resume payments on the subordinated debt securities until the defaults are cured
or certain periods pass.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we experience a bankruptcy, dissolution
or reorganization, holders of senior indebtedness may receive more, ratably, and holders of subordinated debt securities may receive
less, ratably, than our other creditors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures in the forms initially filed
as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit the amount of indebtedness which we may
incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing any other debt, including secured
debt or unsecured debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Form, Exchange and Transfer</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will issue debt securities only in fully
registered form, without coupons, and, unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, only in denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent
global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or
another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series. We currently anticipate that
the debt securities of each series offered and sold pursuant to this prospectus will be issued as global debt securities as described
under &ldquo;Global Securities&rdquo; and will trade in book-entry form only.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At the option of the holder, subject to
the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement,
the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series,
in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the terms of the indentures and
the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities
may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed
thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office
of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents
for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment
of any taxes or other governmental charges.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will name in the applicable prospectus
supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for
any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or
approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent
in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we elect to redeem the debt securities
of any series, we will not be required to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>issue, register the transfer or exchange of any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part during a period beginning
at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected
for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed
portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus
supplement, we may not consolidate with or merge into, or sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially
all of our properties and assets to, any person, and shall not permit any other person to consolidate with or merge into us, unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>either: (i) we are the surviving corporation or (ii) the person formed by or surviving any consolidation, amalgamation or merger
or resulting from such conversion (if other than Pacific Ethanol) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other
disposition has been made, is a corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership organized and validly existing under
the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and assumes our obligations under the
debt securities and under the indentures pursuant to agreements reasonably satisfactory to the indenture trustee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>immediately before and after giving pro forma effect to such transaction, no event of default, and no event which, after notice
or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default, has occurred and is continuing; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>several other conditions, including any additional conditions with respect to any particular debt securities specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement, are met.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The terms of any securities that we may
offer pursuant to this prospectus may limit our ability to merge or consolidate or otherwise sell, convey, transfer or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, which terms would be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and supplemental
indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Events of Default</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement, it is anticipated that each of the following will constitute an event of default under the applicable indenture
with respect to debt securities of any series:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>failure to pay principal of or any premium on any debt security of that series when due, whether or not, in the case of subordinated
debt securities, such payment is prohibited by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>failure to pay any interest on any debt securities of that series when due, continued for 30 days, whether or not, in the case
of subordinated debt securities, such payment is prohibited by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>failure to deposit any sinking fund payment, when due, in respect of any debt security of that series, whether or not, in the
case of subordinated debt securities, such deposit is prohibited by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>failure to perform or comply with the provisions described under &ldquo;&mdash;Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets&rdquo;;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>failure to perform any of our other covenants in such indenture (other than a covenant included in such indenture solely for
the benefit of a series other than that series), continued for 60 days after written notice has been given to us by the applicable
indenture trustee, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, as provided
in such indenture; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization affecting us or any significant subsidiary.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If an event of default (other than an event
of default with respect to Pacific Ethanol described in the last item listed above) with respect to the debt securities of any
series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the applicable trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series by notice as provided in the applicable indenture may declare the principal
amount of the debt securities of that series (or, in the case of any debt security that is an original issue discount debt security,
such portion of the principal amount of such debt security as may be specified in the terms of such debt security) to be due and
payable immediately, together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. If an event of default with respect to Pacific Ethanol
described in the last item listed above with respect to the debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs, the principal
amount of all the debt securities of that series (or, in the case of any such original issue discount security, such specified
amount) will automatically, and without any action by the applicable trustee or any holder, become immediately due and payable,
together with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. After any such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration,
the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances,
rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal (or other specified
amount), have been cured or waived as provided in the applicable Indenture. For information as to waiver of defaults, see &ldquo;&mdash;Modification
and Waiver&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions in the indentures
relating to the duties of the trustees in case an event of default has occurred and is continuing, each trustee will be under no
obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the applicable indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders,
unless such holders have offered to such trustee reasonable security or indemnity. Subject to such provisions for the indemnification
of the trustees, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right
to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust
or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of a debt security of any series
will have any right to institute any proceeding with respect to the applicable indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or a trustee, or for any other remedy thereunder, unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>such holder has previously given to the trustee under the applicable indenture written notice of a continuing event of default
with respect to the debt securities of that series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request,
and such holder or holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the trustee has failed to institute such proceeding, and has not received from the holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with such request, within 60 days after such notice,
request and offer.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">However, such limitations do not apply to
a suit instituted by a holder of a debt security for the enforcement of payment of the principal of or any premium or interest
on such debt security on or after the applicable due date specified in such debt security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will be required to furnish to each trustee
annually, within 150 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate by certain of our officers as to whether or not we,
to their knowledge, are in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of the applicable
indenture and, if so, specifying all such known defaults.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Modification and Waiver</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus
supplement, modifications and amendments of an indenture may be made by us and the applicable trustee with the consent of the holders
of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by such modification or amendment.
However, no such modification or amendment may, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>change the stated maturity of the principal of, or time for payment of any installment of principal of or interest on, any
debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>reduce the principal amount of, or any premium or the rate of interest on, any debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration
of the maturity thereof;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>change the place or the coin or currency of payment of principal of, or any premium or interest on, any debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment due on any debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>modify the subordination provisions in the case of subordinated debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required
for modification or amendment of the indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series necessary for waiver of compliance with
certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>modify such provisions with respect to modification, amendment or waiver, except to increase any such percentage or to provide
that certain other provisions of the indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the holder of each outstanding
debt security affected thereby.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive compliance by us with certain restrictive provisions of the applicable
indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive any past default
under the applicable indenture, except a default in the payment of principal, premium or interest and certain covenants and provisions
of the indenture which cannot be amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of the indentures provides that in
determining whether the holders of the requisite principal amount of the outstanding debt securities have given or taken any direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action under such indenture as of any date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the principal amount of an original issue discount security that will be deemed to be outstanding will be the amount of the
principal that would be due and payable as of such date upon acceleration of maturity to such date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the principal amount of a debt security denominated in one or more foreign currencies or currency units that will he deemed
to be outstanding will be the United States-dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner prescribed for such debt
security, of the principal amount of such debt security (or, in the case of an original issue discount security the United States
dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such security of the amount determined as provided immediately above); and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>certain debt securities, including those owned by us or any of our other affiliates, will not be deemed to be outstanding.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except in certain limited circumstances,
we will be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of outstanding debt securities of
any series entitled to give or take any direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action under the applicable indenture, in the
manner and subject to the limitations provided in the indenture. In certain limited circumstances, the trustee will be entitled
to set a record date for action by holders. If a record date is set for any action to be taken by holders of a particular series,
only persons who are holders of outstanding debt securities of that series on the record date may take such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Optional Redemption </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we may elect to redeem all or part of the outstanding debt securities of a series from time to time before the maturity
date of the debt securities of that series. Upon such election, we will notify the indenture trustee of the redemption date and
the principal amount of debt securities of the series to be redeemed. If less than all the debt securities of the series are to
be redeemed, the particular debt securities of that series to be redeemed will be selected by the depositary in accordance with
its procedures. The applicable prospectus supplement will specify the redemption price for the debt securities to be redeemed (or
the method of calculating such price), in each case in accordance with the terms and conditions of those debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of redemption will be given to each
holder of the debt securities to be redeemed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the date set for such redemption.
This notice will include the following information, as applicable: the redemption date; the redemption price (or the method of
calculating such price); if less than all of the outstanding debt securities of such series are to be redeemed, the identification
(and, in the case of partial redemption, the respective principal amounts) of the particular debt securities to be redeemed; that
on the redemption date the redemption price will become due and payable upon each security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that
interest thereon will cease to accrue after such date; the place or places where such debt securities are to be surrendered for
payment of the redemption price; and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to any redemption date, we will deposit
or cause to be deposited with the indenture trustee or with a paying agent (or, if we are acting as our own paying agent with respect
to the debt securities being redeemed, we will segregate and hold in trust as provided in the applicable indenture) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the aggregate redemption price of, and (except if the redemption date shall be an interest payment date
or the debt securities of such series provide otherwise) accrued interest on, all of the debt securities or the part thereof to
be redeemed on that date. On the redemption date, the redemption price will become due and payable upon all of the debt securities
to be redeemed, and interest, if any, on the debt securities to be redeemed will cease to accrue from and after that date. Upon
surrender of any such debt securities for redemption, we will pay those debt securities surrendered at the redemption price together,
if applicable, with accrued interest to the redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any debt securities to be redeemed only
in part must be surrendered at the office or agency established by us for such purpose, and we will execute, and the indenture
trustee will authenticate and deliver to a holder without service charge, new debt securities of the same series and of like tenor,
of any authorized denominations as requested by that holder, in a principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed
portion of the debt securities that holder surrenders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Satisfaction and Discharge</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each indenture will be discharged and will
cease to be of further effect as to all outstanding debt securities of any series issued thereunder, when:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>either:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>all outstanding debt securities of that series that have been authenticated (except lost, stolen or destroyed debt securities
that have been replaced or paid and debt securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust and thereafter
repaid to us or discharged from such trust) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>all outstanding debt securities of that series that have not been delivered to the trustee for cancellation have become due
and payable or will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year or are to be called for redemption within one
year under arrangements satisfactory to the trustee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">and in either case we have irrevocably
deposited with the trustee as trust funds for such purpose money in an amount sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment
of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness of such debt securities not delivered to the trustee for cancellation,
for principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities that have become
due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we have paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by us under the indenture with respect to the debt securities of that
series; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we have delivered an officer&rsquo;s certificate and an opinion of counsel to the trustee stating that all conditions precedent
to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture with respect to the debt securities of that series have been complied with.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If and to the extent indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we may elect, at our option at any time, to have provisions of the indentures relating to defeasance and
discharge of indebtedness, which we call &ldquo;legal defeasance,&rdquo; relating to defeasance of certain restrictive covenants
applied to the debt securities of any series, or to any specified part of a series, which we call &ldquo;covenant defeasance.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Legal Defeasance</I>. The indentures
provide that, upon our exercise of our option (if any) to have the provisions relating to legal defeasance applied to any debt
securities, we will be discharged from all our obligations, and, if such debt securities are subordinated debt securities, the
provisions of the subordinated indenture relating to subordination will cease to be effective, with respect to such debt securities
(except for certain obligations to convert, exchange or register the transfer of debt securities, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated
debt securities, to maintain paying agencies and to hold moneys for payment in trust) upon the deposit in trust for the benefit
of the holders of such debt securities of money or United States government obligations, or both, which, through the payment of
principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the
principal of and any premium and interest on such debt securities on the respective stated maturities in accordance with the terms
of the applicable indenture and such debt securities. Such defeasance or discharge may occur only if, among other things:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we have delivered to the applicable trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that we have received from, or there has been
published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or there has been a change in tax law, in either case to the
effect that holders of such debt securities will not recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such
deposit and legal defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times
as would have been the case if such deposit and legal defeasance were not to occur;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>no event of default or event that with the passing of time or the giving of notice, or both, shall constitute an event of default
shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>such deposit and legal defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any agreement
or instrument (other than the applicable indenture) to which we are a party or by which we are bound;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we must deliver to the trustee an officer&rsquo;s certificate stating that the deposit was not made by us with the intent of
preferring the holders of the debt securities over any of our other creditors or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying
or defrauding any of our other creditors or others;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we must deliver to the trustee an officer&rsquo;s certificate stating that all conditions precedent set forth in the items
set forth immediately above and the item set forth immediately below, as applicable, have been complied with;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>in the case of subordinated debt securities, at the time of such deposit, no default in the payment of all or a portion of
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any of our senior debt shall have occurred and be continuing, no event of default
shall have resulted in the acceleration of any of our senior debt and no other event of default with respect to any of our senior
debt shall have occurred and be continuing permitting after notice or the lapse of time, or both, the acceleration thereof: and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that all conditions precedent set forth in first, third
or fourth item above have been complied with.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Covenant Defeasance</I>. The indentures
provide that, upon our exercise of our option (if any) to have the covenant defeasance provisions applied to any debt securities,
we may omit to comply with certain restrictive covenants (but not to conversion, if applicable), including those that may be described
in the applicable prospectus supplement, the occurrence of certain events of default, which are described above in the fifth item
listed under &ldquo;Events of Default&rdquo; above and any that may be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, will
not be deemed to either be or result in an event of default and, if such debt securities are subordinated debt securities, the
provisions of the subordinated indenture relating to subordination will cease to be effective, in each case with respect to such
debt securities. In order to exercise such option, we must deposit, in trust for the benefit of the holders of such debt securities,
money or United States government obligations, or both, which, through the payment of principal and interest in respect thereof
in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on such debt securities on the respective stated maturities in accordance with the terms of the applicable indenture and such debt
securities. Such covenant defeasance may occur only if we have delivered to the applicable trustee an opinion of counsel that in
effect says that holders of such debt securities will not recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the
same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance were not to occur, and the requirements set forth
in the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh items above are satisfied. If we exercise this option with respect to any
debt securities and such debt securities were declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount
of money and United States government obligations so deposited in trust would be sufficient to pay amounts due on such debt securities
at the time of their respective stated maturities but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on such debt securities upon any
acceleration resulting from such event of default. In such case, we would remain liable for such payments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Notices</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will mail notices to holders of debt
securities at the addresses that appear in the security register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Title</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may treat the person in whose name a
debt security is registered as the absolute owner, whether or not such debt security may be overdue, for the purpose of making
payment and for all other purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Information Concerning the Indenture Trustee </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture trustee undertakes to perform
only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. The indenture trustee must use the same degree of
care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. The indenture trustee shall be under no
obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by an indenture at the request or direction of any of the applicable
holders pursuant to such indenture unless such holders shall have offered to the indenture trustee security or indemnity satisfactory
to the trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Payment and Paying Agents </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose
name such debt security (or one or more predecessor securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date
for such interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable
at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time, except that at our
option payment of any interest on debt securities in certificated loan may be made by check mailed to the address of the person
entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement,
the corporate trust office of the trustee under the senior indenture in The City of New York will be designated as sole paying
agent for payments with respect to senior debt securities of each series, and the corporate trust office of the trustee under the
subordinated indenture in The City of New York will be designated as the sole paying agent for payment with respect to subordinated
debt securities of each series. Any other paying agents initially designated by us for the debt securities of a particular series
will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation
of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain
a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All money paid by us to a paying agent for
the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years
after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of such debt security
thereafter may look only to us for payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Governing Law</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures and the debt securities will
be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_007"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF capital STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our authorized capital stock consists of
300,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 3,553,000 shares of non-voting common stock, $0.001 par value
per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, of which 1,684,375 shares are designated as Series&nbsp;A
Cumulative Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series A Preferred Stock, and 1,580,790 shares are designated as Series&nbsp;B
Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock. As of June 22, 2020, there were 55,485,330 shares of common
stock, 896 shares of non-voting common stock, no shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 926,942 shares of Series B Preferred Stock
issued and outstanding. The following description of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and should be reviewed
in conjunction with our certificate of incorporation, including our Certificate of Designations, Powers, Preferences and Rights
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Stock, or Series A Certificate of Designations, our Certificate of Designations, Powers, Preferences
and Rights of the Series&nbsp;B Preferred Stock, or Series&nbsp;B Certificate of Designations, and our bylaws. See &ldquo;Where
You Can Find Additional Information.&rdquo; </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All outstanding shares of our common stock
are fully paid and nonassessable. The following summarizes the rights of holders of our common stock:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>a holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon generally by the stockholders;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding, the holders of common stock are entitled to
receive lawful dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors, or the Board;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive a pro rata portion
of all our assets remaining for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities and the payment of any liquidation preference
of any outstanding preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>there are no preemptive or conversion rights applicable to our common stock.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">Non-Voting Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights and preferences of shares of
our non-voting common are substantially the same in all respects to the rights and preferences of shares of our common stock, except
that (i) the holders of shares of non-voting common stock are not be entitled to vote, (ii) shares of non-voting common stock are
convertible into shares of common stock, and (iii) shares of non-voting common stock are not listed on any stock exchange, including
The Nasdaq Capital Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summarizes the rights of holders
of our non-voting common stock:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>a holder of non-voting common stock is not entitled to vote on any matter submitted to a vote of the stockholders, however
such holders are entitled to prior notice of, and to attend and observe, all meetings of the stockholders;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding, the holders of non-voting common
stock are entitled to receive lawful dividends as may be declared by the Board on parity in all respects with the holders of common
stock, provided that if the holders of common stock become entitled to receive a divided or distribution of shares of common stock,
holders of non-voting common stock shall receive, in lieu of the shares of common stock, an equal number of shares of non-voting
common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up Pacific Ethanol, the holders of shares of common stock and non-voting common stock
will be entitled to receive a pro rata portion of all of our assets remaining for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities
and the payment of any liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our non-voting common stock; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>there are no preemptive rights applicable to our non-voting common stock.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Conversion</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each share of non-voting common stock is
convertible at the option of the holder into one share of our common stock at any time. The conversion price is subject to customary
adjustment for stock splits, stock combinations, stock dividends, mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, share exchanges, reclassifications,
distributions of assets and issuances of convertible securities, and the like.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No shares of non-voting common stock may
be converted into common stock if the holder of such shares or any of its affiliates would, after such conversion, beneficially
own in excess of 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock (sometimes referred to as the Blocker). The Blocker applicable
to the conversion of shares of non-voting common stock may be raised or lowered at the option of the holder to any percentage not
in excess of 9.99%, except that any increase will only be effective upon 61-days&rsquo; prior notice to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">When shares of non-voting common stock cease
to be held by the initial holder or an affiliate of an initial holder of such shares, such shares shall automatically convert into
one share of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board is authorized to issue from time
to time, in one or more designated series, any or all of our authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock with dividend, redemption,
conversion, exchange, voting and other provisions as may be provided in that particular series. The issuance need not be approved
by our common stockholders and need only be approved by holders, if any, of our Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred
Stock if, as described below, the shares of preferred stock to be issued have preferences that are senior to or on parity with
those of our Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights of the holders of our common
stock, Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of
the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Issuance of a new series of preferred stock, while providing
desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of entrenching
our Board and making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or discourage a third-party from acquiring, a majority of
our outstanding voting stock. The following is a summary of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred
Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Series B Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> As of June 22, 2020, 926,942 shares
of Series B Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding and an aggregate of 1,419,210 shares of Series B Preferred Stock had been
converted into shares of our common stock. The converted shares of Series B Preferred Stock have been returned to undesignated
preferred stock. A balance of 653,848 shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain authorized for issuance. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Rank and Liquidation Preference</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Shares of Series B Preferred Stock rank
prior to our common stock as to distribution of assets upon liquidation events, which include a liquidation, dissolution or winding
up of Pacific Ethanol, whether voluntary or involuntary. The liquidation preference of each share of Series B Preferred Stock is
equal to $19.50, or the Series B Issue Price, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock. If assets
remain after the amounts are distributed to the holders of Series B Preferred Stock, the assets shall be distributed pro rata,
on an as-converted to common stock basis, to the holders of our common stock and Series B Preferred Stock. The written consent
of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock is required before we can authorize the issuance of any class
or series of capital stock that ranks senior to or on parity with shares of Series B Preferred Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Dividend Rights</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As long as shares of Series B Preferred
Stock remain outstanding, each holder of shares of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, and shall be paid quarterly
in arrears, in cash out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative dividends, in an amount equal to 7.0% of the Series B Issue
Price per share per annum with respect to each share of Series B Preferred Stock. The dividends may, at our option, be paid in
shares of Series B Preferred Stock valued at the Series B Issue Price. In the event we declare, order, pay or make a dividend or
other distribution on our common stock, other than a dividend or distribution made in common stock, the holders of the Series B
Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive with respect to each share of Series B Preferred Stock held, any dividend or distribution
that would be received by a holder of the number of shares of our common stock into which the Series B Preferred Stock is convertible
on the record date for the dividend or distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Series B Preferred Stock ranks pari
passu with respect to dividends and liquidation rights with the Series A Preferred Stock and pari passu with respect to any class
or series of capital stock specifically ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Optional Conversion Rights</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is
convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock at any time. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is
convertible into the number of shares of common stock as calculated by multiplying the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock
to be converted by the Series B Issue Price, and dividing the result thereof by the conversion price. The conversion price was
initially $682.50 per share of Series B Preferred Stock, subject to adjustment; therefore, each share of Series B Preferred Stock
was initially convertible into 0.03 shares of common stock, which number is equal to the quotient of the Series B Issue Price of
$19.50 divided by the initial conversion price of $682.50 per share of Series B Preferred Stock. Accrued and unpaid dividends are
to be paid in cash upon any conversion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Mandatory Conversion Rights</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of a Transaction which will
result in an internal rate of return to holders of Series B Preferred Stock of 25% or more, each share of Series B Preferred Stock
shall, concurrently with the closing of the Transaction, be converted into shares of common stock. A &ldquo;Transaction&rdquo;
is defined as a sale, lease, conveyance or disposition of all or substantially all of our capital stock or assets or a merger,
consolidation, share exchange, reorganization or other transaction or series of related transactions (whether involving us or a
subsidiary) in which the stockholders immediately prior to the transaction do not retain a majority of the voting power in the
surviving entity. Any mandatory conversion will be made into the number of shares of common stock determined on the same basis
as the optional conversion rights above. Accrued and unpaid dividends are to be paid in cash upon any conversion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No shares of Series B Preferred Stock will
be converted into common stock on a mandatory basis unless at the time of the proposed conversion we have on file with the SEC
an effective registration statement with respect to the shares of common stock issued or issuable to the holders on conversion
of the Series B Preferred Stock then issued or issuable to the holders and the shares of common stock are eligible for trading
on The Nasdaq Stock Market (or approved by and listed on a stock exchange approved by the holders of 66 2/3% of the then outstanding
shares of Series B Preferred Stock).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Conversion Price Adjustments</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The conversion price is subject to customary
adjustment for stock splits, stock combinations, stock dividends, mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, share exchanges, reclassifications,
distributions of assets and issuances of convertible securities, and the like. The conversion price is also subject to downward
adjustments if we issue shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of common stock, other
than specified excluded securities, at per share prices less than the then effective conversion price. In this event, the conversion
price shall be reduced to the price determined by dividing (i) an amount equal to the sum of (a) the number of shares of common
stock outstanding immediately prior to the issue or sale multiplied by the then existing conversion price, and (b) the consideration,
if any, received by us upon such issue or sale, by (ii) the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after
the issue or sale. For purposes of determining the number of shares of common stock outstanding as provided in clauses (i) and
(ii) above, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock,
and the exercise of all outstanding securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of common stock, will be deemed to be
outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The conversion price will not be adjusted
in the case of the issuance or sale of the following: (i) securities issued to our employees, officers or directors or options
to purchase common stock granted by us to our employees, officers or directors under any option plan, agreement or other arrangement
duly adopted by us and the grant of which is approved by the compensation committee of our Board; (ii) the Series B Preferred Stock
and any common stock issued upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock; (iii) securities issued on the conversion of any convertible
securities, in each case, outstanding on the date of the filing of the Series B Certificate of Designations; and (iv) securities
issued in connection with a stock split, stock dividend, combination, reorganization, recapitalization or other similar event for
which adjustment is made in accordance with the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Voting Rights and Protective Provisions</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Series B Preferred Stock votes together
with all other classes and series of our voting stock as a single class on all actions to be taken by our stockholders. Each share
of Series B Preferred Stock entitles the holder thereof to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into
which each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible on all matters to be voted on by our stockholders, however, the number
of votes for each share of Series B Preferred Stock may not exceed the number of shares of common stock into which each share of
Series B Preferred Stock would be convertible if the applicable conversion price were $682.50 (subject to appropriate adjustment
for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and other similar recapitalizations affecting the shares).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are not permitted, without first obtaining
the written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock voting as
a separate class, to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>increase or decrease the total number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock or the authorized shares of our common
stock reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (except as otherwise required by our certificate of
incorporation or the Series B Certificate of Designations);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of preferred stock or common stock (except as otherwise required by our
certificate of incorporation or the Series B Certificate of Designations);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>alter, amend, repeal, substitute or waive any provision of our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, so as to affect
adversely the voting powers, preferences or other rights, including the liquidation preferences, dividend rights, conversion rights,
redemption rights or any reduction in the stated value of the Series B Preferred Stock, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>authorize, create, issue or sell any securities senior to or on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock or securities that
are convertible into securities senior to or on parity the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to voting, dividend, liquidation
or redemption rights, including subordinated debt;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>authorize, create, issue or sell any securities junior to the Series B Preferred Stock other than common stock or securities
that are convertible into securities junior to Series B Preferred Stock other than common stock with respect to voting, dividend,
liquidation or redemption rights, including subordinated debt;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>authorize, create, issue or sell any additional shares of Series B Preferred Stock other than the Series B Preferred Stock
initially authorized, created, issued and sold, Series B Preferred Stock issued as payment of dividends and Series B Preferred
Stock issued in replacement or exchange therefore;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>engage in a Transaction that would result in an internal rate of return to holders of Series B Preferred Stock of less than
25%;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>declare or pay any dividends or distributions on our capital stock in a cumulative amount in excess of the dividends and distributions
paid on the Series B Preferred Stock in accordance with the Series B Certificate of Designations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>authorize or effect the voluntary liquidation, dissolution, recapitalization, reorganization or winding up of our business;
or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of our capital stock other than Series B Preferred Stock, or any warrants or other
rights to subscribe for or to purchase, or any options for the purchase of, our capital stock or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for our capital stock.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Reservation of Shares</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We initially were required to reserve 3,000,000
shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock and are required to maintain a sufficient
number of reserved shares of common stock to allow for the conversion of all shares of Series B Preferred Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Series A Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> As of June 22, 2020, no shares of Series
A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding and an aggregate of 5,315,625 shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted
into shares of our common stock and returned to undesignated preferred stock. A balance of 1,684,375 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock remain authorized for issuance. The rights and preferences of the Series A Preferred Stock are substantially the same as
the Series B Preferred Stock, except as follows: </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the Series A Issue Price, on which the Series A Preferred Stock liquidation preference is based, is $16.00 per share;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>dividends accrue and are payable at a rate per annum of 5.0% of the Series A Issue Price per share;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at a rate equal to the Series A Issue Price divided by an initial conversion
price of $840.00 per share;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which each
share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible on all matters to be voted on by our stockholders, voting together as a single
class; provided, however, that the number of votes for each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall not exceed the number of shares
of common stock into which each share of Series A Preferred Stock would be convertible if the applicable conversion price were
$943.95 (subject to appropriate adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and other similar recapitalizations
affecting the shares); and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>we are not permitted, without first obtaining the written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding
shares of Series A Preferred Stock voting as a separate class, to:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>change the number of members of our Board to be more than nine members or less than seven members;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>effect any material change in our industry focus or that of our subsidiaries, considered on a consolidated basis;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>authorize or engage in, or permit any subsidiary to authorize or engage in, any transaction or series of transactions with
one of our or our subsidiaries&rsquo; current or former officers, directors or members with value in excess of $100,000, excluding
compensation or the grant of options approved by our Board; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD>authorize or engage in, or permit any subsidiary to authorize or engage in, any transaction with any entity or person that
is affiliated with any of our or our subsidiaries&rsquo; current or former directors, officers or members, excluding any director
nominated by the initial holder of the Series B Preferred Stock.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Preemptive Rights</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of our Series A Preferred Stock
have preemptive rights to purchase a pro rata portion of all capital stock or securities convertible into capital stock that we
issue, sell or exchange, or agree to issue, sell or exchange, or reserve or set aside for issuance, sale or exchange. We must deliver
each holder of our Series A Preferred Stock a written notice of any proposed or intended issuance, sale or exchange of capital
stock or securities convertible into capital stock which must include a description of the securities and the price and other terms
upon which they are to be issued, sold or exchanged together with the identity of the persons or entities (if known) to which or
with which the securities are to be issued, sold or exchanged, and an offer to issue and sell to or exchange with the holder of
the Series A Preferred Stock the holder&rsquo;s pro rata portion of the securities, and any additional amount of the securities
should the other holders of Series A Preferred Stock subscribe for less than the full amounts for which they are entitled to subscribe.
In the case of a public offering of our common stock for a purchase price of at least $12.00 per share and a total gross offering
price of at least $50 million, the preemptive rights of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be limited to 50% of
the securities. Holders of our Series A Preferred Stock have a 30 day period during which to accept the offer. We will have 90
days from the expiration of this 30 day period to issue, sell or exchange all or any part of the securities as to which the offer
has not been accepted by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, but only as to the offerees or purchasers described in the
offer and only upon the terms and conditions that are not more favorable, in the aggregate, to the offerees or purchasers or less
favorable to us than those contained in the offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The preemptive rights of the holders of
the Series A Preferred Stock do not apply to any of the following securities: (i) securities issued to our employees, officers
or directors or options to purchase common stock granted by us to our employees, officers or directors under any option plan, agreement
or other arrangement duly adopted by us and the grant of which is approved by the compensation committee of our Board; (ii) the
Series A Preferred Stock and any common stock issued upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock; (iii) securities issued on
the conversion of any convertible securities, in each case, outstanding on the date of the filing of the Series A Certificate of
Designations; (iv) securities issued in connection with a stock split, stock dividend, combination, reorganization, recapitalization
or other similar event for which adjustment is made in accordance with the Series A Certificate of Designations; and (v) the issuance
of our securities issued for consideration other than cash as a result of a merger, consolidation, acquisition or similar business
combination by us approved by our Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A number of provisions of Delaware law,
our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring and discouraging
another party from acquiring control of Pacific Ethanol. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage
coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire
control of Pacific Ethanol to first negotiate with our Board. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential
ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquiror outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire
Pacific Ethanol because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms. However, the existence of
these provisions also could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for our securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Undesignated Preferred Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The ability to authorize undesignated preferred
stock makes it possible for our Board to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the
success of any attempt to acquire us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying
changes in control or management of Pacific Ethanol.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder
Proposals and Director Nominations </I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide that a stockholder seeking
to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors, must provide timely
notice of such stockholder&rsquo;s intention in writing. To be timely, a stockholder nominating individuals for election to the
Board or proposing business must provide advanced notice to Pacific Ethanol (a) not later than the close of business on the 90th
day, nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day in advance of the anniversary of the previous year&rsquo;s annual
meeting if such meeting is to be held on a day which is not more than thirty (30) days in advance of the anniversary of the previous
year&rsquo;s annual meeting or not later than seventy (70) days after the anniversary of the previous year&rsquo;s annual meeting,
and (b) with respect to any other annual meeting of stockholders, the close of business on the 10th day following the date of public
disclosure of the date of such meeting. In the event we call a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one
or more directors to the Board, any stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons
(as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in our notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice
is delivered to us not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such special meeting and not earlier than the
close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the date of public disclosure
of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board to be elected at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><I>Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to the provisions of Section
203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (sometimes referred to as Section 203) regulating corporate takeovers. In general,
Section 203 prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging, under specified circumstances, in a business combination
with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or
the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned
at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of
determining the number of shares of voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the stockholder) (1)
shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants
do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange
offer; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual
or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding
voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Generally, a business combination includes
a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested
stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of
interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation&rsquo;s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence
of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions the Board does not approve in advance. We also anticipate
that Section 203 may also discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of our common
stock held by stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate
of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence,
they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile
takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these
provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"> <B>Choice of Forum</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent
in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative
action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director,
officer or other employee of us to us or our stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision
of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. For the
avoidance of doubt, the exclusive forum provision described above does not apply to any claims arising under the Securities Act
or Exchange Act. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty
or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and Section 22 of the Securities Act creates
concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities
Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. </P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_008"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF PREFERRED STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue up to 6,734,835 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share, from time to time in one or more classes or series, with the exact terms of each series or class
established by our Board. Without seeking stockholder approval, our Board may issue preferred stock with voting and other rights
that are greater than the rights of our common stock and could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights, preferences, privileges and
restrictions of the preferred stock of each series or class will be determined by our Board and set forth in a certificate of designations
relating to such series or class that will amend our Certificate of Incorporation. We will include each certificate of designations
as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus, or as an exhibit to a filing with the SEC that is incorporated
by reference into this prospectus. The description of preferred stock in any prospectus supplement will not necessarily describe
all of the terms of the preferred stock in detail. You should read the applicable certificate of designations for a complete description
of all of the terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This section describes the general terms
of the preferred stock that we may offer using this prospectus. Further terms of the preferred stock will be stated in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The following description and any description of the preferred stock in a prospectus supplement may not
be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms of the certificate of designations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Terms</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You should refer to the applicable prospectus
supplement relating to the offering of any series of preferred stock for specific terms of the shares, including the following
terms:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the maximum number of shares in the series or class and the distinctive designation;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>number of shares offered and initial offering price;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms on which dividends, if any, will be paid;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms of any preemptive rights;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms on which the shares may be redeemed, if at all;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the liquidation preference, if any;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms of any retirement or sinking fund for the repurchase or redemption of the shares of the series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the terms and conditions, if any, on which the shares of the series shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares
of any other class or classes of capital stock, including the conversion price, rate or other manner of calculation, conversion
period and anti-dilution provisions, if applicable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>terms and conditions upon which shares will be exchangeable into debt securities or any other securities, including the exchange
price, rate or other manner of calculation, exchange period and any anti-dilution provisions, if applicable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the relative ranking and preference as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our
affairs, including liquidation preference amount;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any limitation on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with that series of preferred
stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>the voting rights, if any, on the shares of the series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any or all other preferences and relative, participating, operational or other special rights or qualifications, limitations
or restrictions of the shares; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD>any material United States federal income tax consequences.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The issuance of preferred stock may delay,
deter or prevent a change in control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Ranking</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
we provide otherwise in an applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock offered through that supplement will, with respect
to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, rank:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">senior
                                         to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all other equity securities ranking
                                         junior to the offered preferred stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">on
                                         a parity with all of our equity securities ranking on a parity with the offered preferred
                                         stock; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">junior
                                         to all of our equity securities ranking senior to the offered preferred stock.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used herein, the term &ldquo;equity securities&rdquo; does not include convertible debt securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Voting
Rights</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of our preferred stock will not have any voting rights, except
as may be required by applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Dividends</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to any preferential rights of any outstanding shares or series of shares, our preferred stockholders are entitled to receive dividends,
if any, when and as authorized by our Board, out of legally available funds, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Redemption</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we provide for a redemption right in a prospectus supplement, the preferred stock offered through that supplement will be subject
to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the
redemption prices set forth in that prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Liquidation
Preference</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the event of our voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation, or winding up, the holders of any series of our preferred
stock will be entitled to receive, after distributions to holders of any series or class of our capital shares ranking senior,
an amount equal to the stated or liquidation value of the series plus, if applicable, an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends.
If the assets and funds to be distributed among the holders of our preferred stock will be insufficient to permit full payment
to the holders, then the holders of our preferred stock will share ratably in any distribution of our assets in proportion to
the amounts that they otherwise would receive on their our preferred stock if the shares were paid in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Conversion
Rights</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of preferred stock is convertible into common stock or other securities will
be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering of those preferred stock. These terms typically will include
number of shares of common stock or other securities into which the preferred stock is convertible; conversion price (or manner
of calculation); conversion period; provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders of the preferred
stock or at our option; events, if any, requiring an adjustment of the conversion price; and provisions affecting conversion in
the event of the redemption of that series of preferred stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Transfer
Agent and Registrar</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will identify in a prospectus supplement the transfer agent and registrar for any series of preferred stock offered by this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_009"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF WARRANTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
complete terms of the warrants will be contained in the applicable warrant agreement and warrant. These documents will be included
or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You should read the
warrant and warrant agreement. You should also read the prospectus supplement, which will contain additional information and which
may update or change some of the information below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
section describes the general terms of the warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities that we may
offer using this prospectus. Further terms of the warrants will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following
description and any description of the rights in a prospectus supplement may not be complete and is subject to and qualified in
its entirety by reference to the terms of the warrant and warrant agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue additional warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series.
If we offer warrants, we will describe the terms in a prospectus supplement. Warrants may be offered independently, together with
other securities offered by any prospectus supplement, or through a dividend or other distribution to stockholders and may be
attached to or separate from other securities. Warrants may be issued under a written warrant agreement to be entered into between
us and the holder or beneficial owner, or under a written warrant agreement with a warrant agent specified in a prospectus supplement.
A warrant agent would act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of a particular series and would not assume any
obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of those warrants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following are some of the terms relating to a series of warrants that could be described in a prospectus supplement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">title
                                         of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">aggregate
                                         number of warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">price
                                         or prices at which the warrants will be issued;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">designation,
                                         number, aggregate principal amount, denominations and terms of the securities that may
                                         be purchased on exercise of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">date,
                                         if any, on and after which the warrants and the debt securities offered with the warrants,
                                         if any, will be separately transferable;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">purchase
                                         price for each security purchasable on exercise of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         terms for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price, if any;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">dates
                                         on which the right to purchase certain securities upon exercise of the warrants will
                                         begin and end;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">minimum
                                         or maximum number of securities that may be purchased at any one time upon exercise of
                                         the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">anti-dilution
                                         provisions or other adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">terms
                                         of any right that we may have to redeem the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effect
                                         of any merger, consolidation, sale or other transfer of our business on the warrants
                                         and the applicable warrant agreement;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">name
                                         and address of the warrant agent, if any;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">information
                                         with respect to book-entry procedures;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         material United States federal income tax considerations; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                         material terms, including terms relating to transferability, exchange, exercise or amendments
                                         of the warrants.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Until
any warrants to purchase our securities are exercised, holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying
securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Outstanding
Warrants</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of June 22, 2020, we had outstanding
warrants to purchase 5,500,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price per share of $1.00.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_010"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF UNITS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
complete terms of the units will be contained in the unit agreement and any document applicable to the securities comprising the
units. These documents will be included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part. You should read the unit agreement and any related documents. You also should read the prospectus supplement, which
will contain additional information and which may update or change some of the information below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
section describes the general terms of the units that we may offer using this prospectus. Further terms of the units will be stated
in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description and any description of the units in a prospectus supplement
may not be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms of any agreement relating to the
units and the related documents applicable to the securities constituting the units.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue units, in one or more series, consisting of any combination of one or more of the other securities described in this
prospectus. If we offer units, we will describe the terms in a prospectus supplement. Units may be issued under a written unit
agreement to be entered into between us and the holder or beneficial owner, or we could issue units under a written unit agreement
with a unit agent specified in a prospectus supplement. A unit agent would act solely as our agent in connection with the units
of a particular series and would not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial
owners of those units.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder
of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following are some of the unit terms that could be described in a prospectus supplement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">title
                                         of the units;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">aggregate
                                         number of units;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">price
                                         or prices at which the units will be issued;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">designation
                                         and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether
                                         and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effect
                                         of any merger, consolidation, sale or other transfer of our business on the units and
                                         the applicable unit agreement;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">name
                                         and address of the unit agent;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">information
                                         with respect to book-entry procedures;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         material United States federal income tax considerations; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                         material terms, including terms relating to transferability, exchange, exercise or amendments
                                         of the units.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions described in this section, as well as those described under &ldquo;Description of Capital Stock,&rdquo; &ldquo;Description
of Preferred Stock,&rdquo; &ldquo;Description of Debt Securities,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Description of Warrants,&rdquo; will apply
to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the unit agreements will be governed by the laws of the State of New
York. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or
transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date. We will file as an exhibit to a filing with the SEC
that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus the forms of the unit agreements containing the terms of the units being
offered. The description of units in any prospectus supplement will not necessarily describe all of the terms of the units in
detail. You should read the applicable unit agreements for a complete description of all of the terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_011"></A>GLOBAL
SECURITIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, securities other than common stock will be issued in the form of
one or more global certificates, or &ldquo;global securities,&rdquo; registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee. Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the depositary will be The Depository Trust Company, commonly referred
to as DTC. We expect that DTC&rsquo;s nominee will be Cede &amp; Co. Accordingly, we expect Cede &amp; Co. to be the initial registered
holder of all securities that are issued in global form. No person that acquires a beneficial interest in those securities will
be entitled to receive a certificate representing that person&rsquo;s interest in the securities except as described herein or
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless and until definitive securities are issued under the limited circumstances described
below, all references to actions by holders of securities issued in global form will refer to actions taken by DTC upon instructions
from its participants, and all references to payments and notices to holders will refer to payments and notices to DTC or Cede
&amp; Co., as the registered holder of these securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DTC
is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a &ldquo;banking organization&rdquo; within the meaning
of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a &ldquo;clearing corporation&rdquo; within the meaning of
the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a &ldquo;clearing agency&rdquo; registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A
of the Exchange Act. DTC holds securities that DTC participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among DTC
participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized
book-entry changes in DTC participants&rsquo; accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. DTC
participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations, and may include other organizations.
DTC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Depository Trust &amp; Clearing Company, or DTCC. DTCC, in turn, is owned by a number
of DTC&rsquo;s participants and subsidiaries of DTCC as well as by other financial companies, including the New York Stock Exchange,
Inc. and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Indirect access to the DTC system also is available to others such
as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either
directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and DTC participants are on file with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Persons
that are not participants or indirect participants but desire to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or other interests
in, securities may do so only through participants and indirect participants. Under a book-entry format, holders may experience
some delay in their receipt of payments, as such payments will be forwarded by our designated agent to Cede &amp; Co., as nominee
for DTC. DTC will forward such payments to its participants, who will then forward them to indirect participants or holders. Holders
will not be recognized by the relevant registrar, transfer agent, trustee or warrant agent as registered holders of the securities
entitled to the benefits of our Certificate of Incorporation or the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, trust agreement or
guarantee. Beneficial owners that are not participants will be permitted to exercise their rights only indirectly through and
according to the procedures of participants and, if applicable, indirect participants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and its operations as currently in effect, DTC will be required
to make book-entry transfers of securities among participants and to receive and transmit payments to participants. DTC rules
require participants and indirect participants with which beneficial securities owners have accounts to make book-entry transfers
and receive and transmit payments on behalf of their respective account holders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
DTC can act only on behalf of participants, who in turn act only on behalf of participants or indirect participants, and certain
banks, trust companies and other persons approved by it, the ability of a beneficial owner of securities issued in global form
to pledge such securities to persons or entities that do not participate in the DTC system may be limited due to the unavailability
of physical certificates for these securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect DTC to advise us that DTC will take any action permitted to be taken by a registered holder of any securities under our
Certificate of Incorporation or the relevant indenture, warrant agreement, trust agreement or guarantee only at the direction
of one or more participants to whose accounts with DTC such securities are credited.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<BR>
</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, a global security will be exchangeable for the relevant definitive
securities registered in the names of persons other than DTC or its nominee only if:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DTC
                                         notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for that global
                                         security or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act when
                                         DTC is required to be so registered;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                         execute and deliver to the relevant registrar, transfer agent, trustee and/or warrant
                                         agent an order complying with the requirements of the applicable indenture, trust agreement
                                         or warrant agreement that the global security will be exchangeable for definitive securities
                                         in registered form; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">there
                                         has occurred and is continuing a default in the payment of any amount due in respect
                                         of the securities or, in the case of debt securities, an event of default or an event
                                         that, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an event
                                         of default with respect to these debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
global security that is exchangeable under the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities registered in such names
as DTC directs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the occurrence of any event described in the preceding paragraph, DTC is generally required to notify all participants of the
availability of definitive securities. Upon DTC surrendering the global security representing the securities and delivery of instructions
for re-registration, the registrar, transfer agent, trustee or warrant agent, as the case may be, will reissue the securities
as definitive securities, and then such persons will recognize the holders of such definitive securities as registered holders
of securities entitled to the benefits of our articles or the relevant indenture trust agreement and/or warrant agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption
notices will be sent to Cede &amp; Co. as the registered holder of the global securities. If less than all of a series of securities
are being redeemed, DTC will determine the amount of the interest of each direct participant to be redeemed in accordance with
its then current procedures.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as described above, the global security may not be transferred except as a whole by DTC to a nominee of DTC or by a nominee of
DTC to DTC or another nominee of DTC or to a successor depositary we appoint. Except as described above, DTC may not sell, assign,
transfer or otherwise convey any beneficial interest in a global security evidencing all or part of any securities unless the
beneficial interest is in an amount equal to an authorized denomination for these securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information in this section concerning DTC and DTC&rsquo;s book-entry system has been obtained from sources that we believe to
be accurate, but we assume no responsibility for the accuracy thereof. None of us, any indenture trustee, any depositary, any
rights agent, any registrar and transfer agent or any warrant agent, or any agent of any of them, will have any responsibility
or liability for any aspect of DTC&rsquo;s or any participant&rsquo;s records relating to, or for payments made on account of,
beneficial interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial
interests.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Secondary
trading in notes and debentures of corporate issuers is generally settled in clearing-house or next-day funds. In contrast, beneficial
interests in a global security, in some cases, may trade in the DTC&rsquo;s same-day funds settlement system, in which secondary
market trading activity in those beneficial interests would be required by DTC to settle in immediately available funds. There
is no assurance as to the effect, if any, that settlement in immediately available funds would have on trading activity in such
beneficial interests. Also, settlement for purchases of beneficial interests in a global security upon the original issuance of
this security may be required to be made in immediately available funds.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_012"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in any one or more of the following ways:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
                                         or through underwriters, brokers or dealers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">directly
                                         to one or more other purchasers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">upon
                                         the exercise of rights distributed or issued to our security holders;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
                                         a block trade in which the broker or dealer engaged to handle the block trade will attempt
                                         to sell the securities as agent, but may position and resell a portion of the block as
                                         principal to facilitate the transaction;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
                                         payment of our and our subsidiaries&rsquo; outstanding indebtedness;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
                                         agents on a best-efforts basis; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">otherwise
                                         through a combination of any of the above methods of sale.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may sell the securities being offered by this prospectus by any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an
&ldquo;at the market&rdquo; offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made
directly on The Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for our securities or to or through a market maker.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we may enter into option, share lending or other types of transactions that require us to deliver shares of common stock
to an underwriter, broker or dealer, who will then resell or transfer the shares of common stock under this prospectus. We may
also enter into hedging transactions with respect to our securities. For example, we or the selling stockholders may:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter
                                         into transactions involving short sales of the shares of common stock by underwriters,
                                         brokers or dealers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sell
                                         shares of common stock short and deliver the shares to close out short positions;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter
                                         into option or other types of transactions that require us or the selling stockholders,
                                         as applicable, to deliver shares of common stock to an underwriter, broker or dealer,
                                         who will then resell or transfer the shares of common stock under this prospectus; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">loan
                                         or pledge the shares of common stock to an underwriter, broker or dealer, who may sell
                                         the loaned shares or, in the event of default, sell the pledged shares.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties
in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives,
the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short
sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us to settle those sales or to close
out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us or selling stockholders in settlement of those
derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter
identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution
or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third
party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other
securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will name any underwriter, dealer or agent involved in the
offer and sale of the securities. The prospectus supplement will also set forth the terms of the offering, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale of the
                                         securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters&rsquo; compensation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         public offering or purchase price and any discounts or commissions allowed or re-allowed
                                         or paid to dealers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         commissions allowed or paid to agents;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         other offering expenses;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         method of distribution of the securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         terms of any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into with the underwriters,
                                         brokers or dealers; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                         other information we think is important.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
underwriters or dealers are used in the sale, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters or dealers for their own account.
The securities may be sold from time to time by us in one or more transactions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
                                         a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
                                         market prices prevailing at the time of sale;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
                                         prices related to such prevailing market prices;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
                                         varying prices determined at the time of sale; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
                                         negotiated prices.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Such
sales may be effected:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
                                         transactions on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities
                                         may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
                                         transactions in the over-the-counter market;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
                                         block transactions in which the broker or dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the
                                         securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to
                                         facilitate the transaction, or in crosses, in which the same broker acts as an agent
                                         on both sides of the trade;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
                                         the writing of options; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
                                         other types of transactions.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters
or directly by one or more of such firms. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of underwriters
or dealers to purchase the securities offered will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the underwriters or dealers
will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if any are purchased. Any public offering price and any discount or concession
allowed or reallowed or paid by underwriters or dealers to other dealers may be changed from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
securities may be sold directly by us or through agents designated by us from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or
sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by us to such
agent will be set forth in, the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any such agent
will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Offers
to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus may be solicited, and sales of the securities may be made by us directly
to institutional investors or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect
to any resale of the securities. The terms of any offer made in this manner will be included in the prospectus supplement relating
to the offer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, underwriters, dealers or agents will be authorized to solicit offers by certain
institutional investors to purchase securities from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery at a future date.
Institutional investors with which these contracts may be made include, among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">commercial
                                         and savings banks;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">insurance
                                         companies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pension
                                         funds;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">investment
                                         companies; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.75in; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 0.25in; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">educational
                                         and charitable institutions.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
all cases, these purchasers must be approved by us. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations
of any purchaser under any of these contracts will not be subject to any conditions except that (a) the purchase of the securities
must not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction to which that purchaser is subject, and (b)
if the securities are also being sold to underwriters, we must have sold to these underwriters the securities not subject to delayed
delivery. Underwriters and other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of these contracts.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
of the underwriters, dealers or agents used by us in any offering of securities under this prospectus may be customers of, engage
in transactions with, and perform services for us or affiliates of ours in the ordinary course of business. Underwriters, dealers,
agents and other persons may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification against and contribution
toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to be reimbursed by us for certain expenses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to any restrictions relating to debt securities in bearer form, any securities initially sold outside the United States may be
resold in the United States through underwriters, dealers or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
underwriters to which offered securities are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in such securities, but
those underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
anticipated date of delivery of the securities offered by this prospectus will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to the offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission,
agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer
will not exceed 8% of the offering proceeds from any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
FINRA member may participate in any offering of securities made under this prospectus if such member has a conflict of interest
under FINRA Rule 5121, including if 5% or more of the net proceeds, not including underwriting compensation, of any offering of
securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated
persons of such FINRA members, unless a qualified independent underwriter has participated in the offering or the offering otherwise
complies with FINRA Rule 5121.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the securities may be sold in these jurisdictions only through
registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered
or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_013"></A>DISCLOSURE
OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION<BR>
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid
by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will,
unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_014"></A>LEGAL
MATTERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus will
be passed upon by Troutman Sanders LLP, Irvine, California.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_015"></A>EXPERTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of Pacific Ethanol as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 appearing in Pacific
Ethanol&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference.
Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority
of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_016"></A>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated
under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities offered under this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part
of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement and the exhibits
and schedules to the registration statement. Many of the contracts and documents described in this prospectus are filed as exhibits
to the registration statements and you may review the full text of these contracts and documents by referring to these exhibits.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
further information with respect to us and the securities offered under this prospectus, reference is made to the registration
statement and its exhibits and schedules. We file reports, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q
and current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers,
including Pacific Ethanol, that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC&rsquo;s Internet website address is http://www.sec.gov.
Our Internet website address is www.pacificethanol.com.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate that we will send an annual report to our stockholders until and unless we are required to do so by the rules
of the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
trademarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_017"></A>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
SEC allows us to &ldquo;incorporate by reference&rdquo; the information we file with the SEC. This means that we can disclose
important information to you by referring you to another filed document. Any information referred to in this way is considered
part of this prospectus from the date we file that document. Any reports filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus
and before the date that the offering of the securities by means of this prospectus is terminated will automatically update and,
where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Accordingly,
we incorporate by reference the following documents or information filed with the SEC:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Quarterly Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020012307/f10q0320_pacificethanol.htm">Form 10-Q</A> for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, which we filed
                                         with the SEC on May 14, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020001489/f8k011520_pacificethanol.htm">January 22, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020005515/ea119280-8k_pacific.htm">March 5, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020009749/ea120806-8k_pacificethano.htm">April 21, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020009941/ea120952-8k_pacificethan.htm">April 23, 2020</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020011650/ea121518-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 11, 2020</A> and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020013651/ea122403-8k_pacificethanol.htm">May 29, 2020</A>;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020007976/f10k2019_pacificethanol.htm">Form 10-K</A> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which we filed
                                         with the SEC on March 30, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         Amended Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000121390020010440/f10k2019a1_pacificethanolinc.htm">Form 10-K/A</A> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which
                                         we filed with the SEC on April 29, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         documents filed by us in accordance with Sections&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
                                         Exchange Act after April 14, 2017 and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement
                                         containing this prospectus, other than documents or information deemed furnished and
                                         not filed in accordance with SEC rules;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         description of our capital stock contained in our Current Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/778164/000168316817000918/peix_8k-030717.htm">Form&nbsp;8-K</A> filed
                                         with the SEC on April 13, 2017; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 63pt; text-indent: -27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 36pt; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 27pt; text-indent: 0">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         documents filed by us in accordance with Sections&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
                                         Exchange Act on or after the date of this prospectus and before the termination of an
                                         offering under this prospectus, other than documents or information deemed furnished
                                         and not filed in accordance with SEC rules.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will provide a copy of the documents we incorporate by reference, at no cost, to any person who received this prospectus. To request
a copy of any or all of these documents, you should write or telephone us at: Investor Relations, Pacific Ethanol, Inc., 400 Capitol
Mall, Suite 2060, Sacramento, California 95814, (916) 403-2123. In addition, each document incorporated by reference is readily
accessible on our website at www.pacificethanol.com.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$30,000,000</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="img_001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">PACIFIC
ETHANOL, INC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PROSPECTUS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 0 auto; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>H.
C. Wainwright &amp; Co.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
date of this prospectus supplement is August 13, 2020.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
