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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
INCOME TAXES [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Taxes
The components of income before income taxes are as follows:
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
 
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
PRC
 
 
146,570
 
 
200,789
 
 
272,745
 
Hong Kong
 
 
(1,964)
 
 
(1,908)
 
 
(573)
 
Cayman Islands
 
 
22,039
 
 
(16,154)
 
 
(11,542)
 
Total income before income taxes
 
 
166,645
 
 
182,727
 
 
260,630
 
Schedule of Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense consists of the following:
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
 
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
Current income tax expense
 
 
18,985
 
 
25,581
 
 
37,671
 
Deferred income tax benefit
 
 
(4,190)
 
 
(21,614)
 
 
(18,895)
 
Total
 
 
14,795
 
 
3,967
 
 
18,776
 
Schedule of Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The actual income tax expense reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 differs from the amount computed by applying the PRC statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes due to the following:
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
PRC statutory income tax rate
 
 
25.0
%
 
25.0
%
 
25.0
%
Increase (decrease) in effective income tax rate resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cayman and HK entities not subject to income taxes
 
 
(3.0)
%
 
2.5
%
 
1.2
%
Research and development bonus deduction
 
 
(2.7)
%
 
(3.3)
%
 
(2.7)
%
Non-deductible selling, general and administrative expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share based compensation
 
 
3.8
%
 
4.5
%
 
6.5
%
Other non-deductible selling, general and administrative expenses
 
 
0.5
%
 
0.6
%
 
0.1
%
ANTE preferential tax rate
 
 
(1.0)
%
 
0.1
%
 
(0.7)
%
Tarena Hangzhou preferential tax rate
 
 
(0.1)
%
 
0.7
%
 
0.5
%
Change in valuation allowance
 
 
6.4
%
 
3.1
%
 
2.5
%
Tarena Hangzhou and Hanru Hangzhou tax holiday
 
 
(20.0)
%
 
(31.1)
%
 
(25.2)
%
Others
 
 
0.0
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.0
%
Actual income tax expense
 
 
8.9
%
 
2.2
%
 
7.2
%
Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets
The principal components of deferred income tax assets are as follows:
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2015
 
2016
 
 
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
 
34,616
 
 
47,126
 
Tax loss carry forwards
 
 
7,065
 
 
9,984
 
Advertising expense
 
 
13,666
 
 
23,401
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
 
-
 
 
123
 
Total deferred income tax assets
 
 
55,347
 
 
80,634
 
Valuation allowance
 
 
(20,115)
 
 
(26,507)
 
Deferred income tax assets, net
 
 
35,232
 
 
54,127
 
Summary of Valuation Allowance
The movements of the valuation allowance are as follows:
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
 
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
Balance at the beginning of the year
 
 
3,647
 
 
14,362
 
 
20,115
 
Additions of valuation allowance
 
 
11,198
 
 
9,069
 
 
13,076
 
Reduction of valuation allowance
 
 
(483)
 
 
(3,316)
 
 
(6,684)
 
Balance at the end of the year
 
 
14,362
 
 
20,115
 
 
26,507
 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of total unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
 
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
RMB
 
Balance at beginning of year
 
 
18,764
 
 
36,921
 
 
53,404
 
Increase related to current year tax positions
 
 
35,436
 
 
51,050
 
 
66,122
 
Settlement
 
 
(17,279)
 
 
(34,567)
 
 
(49,704)
 
Balance at end of year
 
 
36,921
 
 
53,404
 
 
69,822