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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates and critical accounting policies involve recognizing revenue, valuing the acquisition of the Olympus-Cytori Joint Venture, valuing warrants, determining the assumptions used in measuring share-based compensation expense and valuing allowances for doubtful accounts and inventories. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management’s estimates and assumptions are reviewed regularly, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the periods they are determined to be necessary. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments with original maturities of three months or less that were included with and classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled $4,644,000 and $6,145,000 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We maintain our cash at insured financial institutions. The combined account balances at each institution periodically exceed FDIC insurance coverage, and as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of FDIC limits. Short-term Investments We invest excess cash in money market funds, highly liquid debt instruments of financial institutions and corporations with strong credit ratings, and in United States government obligations. We have established guidelines relative to diversification and maturities to maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed and modified to take advantage of trends in yields and interest rates. After considering current market conditions, and in order to minimize our risk, management has elected to invest all excess funds in money market funds and other highly liquid investments that are appropriately classified as cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Restricted cash consists of cash and cash equivalents held in a letter of credit account pursuant to a lease agreement entered into on April 2, 2010 (amended November 4, 2011) for leasing of property at 3020 and 3030 Callan Road, San Diego, California. The lease agreement required us to execute a letter of credit for $350,000 naming the landlord as a beneficiary. The letter of credit was issued in July 2010 and required us to maintain $350,000 as restricted cash for the duration of the lease, which expires October 31, 2017. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and our customers’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Inventories Inventories include the cost of material, labor, and overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market. We periodically evaluate our on-hand stock and make appropriate provisions for any stock deemed excess or obsolete. Manufacturing costs resulting from lower than “normal” production levels are expensed as incurred. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense, which includes the amortization of capitalized leasehold improvements, is provided for on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter, and range from three to five years. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is included in operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Impairment We assess certain of our long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets other than goodwill, for potential impairment when there is a change in circumstances that indicates carrying values of assets may not be recoverable. Such long-lived assets are deemed to be impaired when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (or asset group) are less than the asset’s carrying amount. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating expense. We recognized no impairment losses during any of the periods presented in these financial statements. Goodwill and Intangibles Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that fair value of the reporting unit has been reduced to less than its carrying value. We perform our impairment test annually during the fourth quarter. In September 2011, the FASB issued revised guidance to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. Under the revised guidance, entities have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 350. If, after assessing qualitative factors, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. If deemed necessary, a two-step test is used to identify the potential impairment and to measure the amount of goodwill impairment, if any. The first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not impaired; otherwise, there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired and the amount of the loss, if any, is measured by performing step two. Under step two, the impairment loss, if any, is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill. We completed this assessment as of November 30, 2013, and concluded that no impairment existed. Separable intangible assets that have finite useful lives continue to be amortized over their respective useful lives. Intangibles, consisting of patents and core technology purchased in the acquisition of StemSource, Inc. in 2002, were amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives of ten years, and are fully amortized as of December 31, 2012. As part of the May 2013 acquisition of the Joint Venture, we acquired intangible assets which consisted primarily of contractual license rights that had previously enabled the Joint Venture to conduct development and manufacturing activities pertaining to certain aspects of Cytori’s Celution ® technology. The useful life of the identifiable intangible assets was estimated based on the assumed future economic benefit expected to be received from the assets. The technology valued at $9,394,000 will be amortized over its useful life of seven years, based on the quarterly revenue forecasted for those years. As of December 31, 2013, we have amortized $49,000. The estimated aggregate amortization expense will be $67,000 for 2014, $352,000 for 2015, $673,000 for 2016, $1,557,000 for 2017, $3,348,000 for 2018 and $3,348,000 thereafter. The changes in the carrying amounts of other indefinite and finite-life intangible assets and goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
|  | December 31, 2013 |
Other intangibles, net: |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | — |
Acquisition of JV Intangible |  |  | 9,394,000 |
Amortization |  |  | (49,000 | )
Ending balance |  |  | 9,345,000 |
Goodwill, net: |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  |  | 3,922,000 |
Increase (decrease) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  |  | 3,922,000 |
Total goodwill and other intangibles, net |  | $ | 13,267,000 |
|  | December 31, 2012 |
Other intangibles, net: |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 192,000 |
Amortization |  |  | (192,000 | )
Ending balance |  |  | — |
Goodwill, net: |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  |  | 3,922,000 |
Increase (decrease) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  |  | 3,922,000 |
Total goodwill and other intangibles, net |  | $ | 3,922,000 |
Warrant Liability Warrants with exercise price reset features (down-round protection) were accounted for liabilities, with changes in the fair value included in net loss for the respective periods. The fair value of the liability associated with the warrants with this reset feature was $0 as of December 31, 2013, $418,000, $209,000 and $4,360,000 in gains from the change in fair value of warrants was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Changes in the fair value of the warrants were recognized in earnings until such time as the warrants were exercised or they expired. These warrants expired as of August 2013. The warrants were not traded in an active securities market, and as such, we estimated the fair value of these warrants using an option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | As of December 31, 2012 |
Expected term |  | 0.61 years |
Common stock market price |  | $ | 2.80 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.11 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 73.88 | %
Resulting fair value (per warrant) |  | $ | 0.20 |
Expected volatility was based primarily on historical volatility. Historical volatility was computed using daily pricing observations for recent periods that corresponded to the expected term of the warrants. We believe this method produced an estimate that was representative of our expectations of future volatility over the expected term of these warrants. The expected life was based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate was the interest rate for treasury constant maturity instruments published by the Federal Reserve Board that was closest to the expected term of the warrants. The fair value of these warrants also incorporated our assumptions about future equity issuances and their impact to the down-round protection feature. Fluctuations in the fair value of the warrants were impacted by unobservable inputs, most significantly the assumption with regards to future equity issuances and its impact to the down-round protection feature. Significant increases (decreases) in this input in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Revenue Recognition Product Sales We recognize revenue from product sales when the following fundamental criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection of the resulting accounts receivable is reasonably assured. For all sales, we use a binding purchase order or a signed agreement as evidence of an arrangement. If the other revenue recognition criteria are met, revenue for these product sales is recognized upon delivery to the customer, as all risks and rewards of ownership have been substantively transferred to the customer at that point. For sales to customers who arrange for and manage the shipping process, we recognize revenue upon shipment from our facilities. Shipping and handling costs that are billed to our customers are classified as revenue. The customer’s obligation to pay and the payment terms are set at the time of delivery and are not dependent on the subsequent use or resale of our products. For sales where all revenue recognition criteria are not met, revenue is deferred and related inventory remains on our books. For sales that include multiple deliverables, such as sales of our StemSource® Cell Bank (cell bank), we account for products or services (deliverables) separately rather than as a combined unit. Stem cell banks typically consist of a complex array of equipment, proprietary knowledge, license rights, and services, including one or more StemSource® devices, a cryogenic freezer, measuring and monitoring equipment, and a database patient tracking system. In addition, we typically provide consulting, installation, and training services. Web hosting, technical support and maintenance services are generally provided for a period of up to one year subsequent to the date of sale. FASB authoritative guidance requires an evaluation of these deliverables to determine the appropriate “units of accounting” for purposes of revenue recognition. Each cell bank is customized to provide the best solution for the customer. Depending on customers’ needs, all or combination of the following units of accounting will apply to cell bank transactions:
| · | initial consulting services;
| · | license rights and standard operating procedures;
| · | equipment and supplies;
| · | installation services;
| · | training services;
| · | database hosting services;
| · | technical support services; and
| · | maintenance services.
FASB authoritative guidance establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable, which is based on: (a) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”); (b) third-party evidence (“TPE”); or (c) management estimates. This guidance requires arrangement consideration to be allocated at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. For our cell bank sales, we establish relative selling prices for all deliverables based on vendor-specific quotes for comparable services when available. In the absence of VSOE, we use competitors’ products or services considered largely interchangeable with our own or management’s best estimate. Revenue allocated to each unit of accounting is calculated and recognized based on the relative selling price of each deliverable. Future services such as web hosting and ongoing maintenance are deferred and recognized into income as the services are provided, generally over one year following the installation of the equipment. Concentration of Significant Customers & Geographical Sales For the year ended December 31, 2013, our sales were concentrated with respect to one distributor, which comprised 26% of our product revenue recognized. Two distributors and one direct customer accounted for 55% of total outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our sales were concentrated with respect to one direct customer, which comprised 12% of our product revenue recognized. Two direct customers and one distributor accounted for 39% of total outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2011, our sales were concentrated with respect to one direct customer, which comprised 14% of our product revenue recognized. Two direct customers accounted for 27% of total outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2011. Product revenues, classified by geographic location, are as follows:
|  | Years ended |
|  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
|  | Product Revenues |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Product Revenues |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Product Revenues |  |  | % of Total |
North America |  | $ | 1,079,000 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  | $ | 1,143,000 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  | $ | 1,347,000 |  |  |  | 17 | %
Japan |  |  | 2,109,000 |  |  |  | 30 | % |  |  | 4,352,000 |  |  |  | 50 | % |  |  | 3,202,000 |  |  |  | 40 | %
Europe |  |  | 1,240,000 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 2,004,000 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 1,973,000 |  |  |  | 25 | %
Other countries |  |  | 2,694,000 |  |  |  | 38 | % |  |  | 1,210,000 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 1,461,000 |  |  |  | 18 | %
Total product revenues |  | $ | 7,122,000 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 8,709,000 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 7,983,000 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Research and Development We earn revenue for performing tasks under research and development agreements with both commercial enterprises, such as Olympus and Senko, and governmental agencies like the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). Revenue earned under development agreements with commercial enterprises is classified as development revenues. Revenues derived from reimbursement of direct out-of-pocket expenses for research costs associated with government contracts are recorded as government contract and other within development revenues. Government contract revenue is recorded at the gross amount of the reimbursement. The costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of research and development expense in our statements of operations. In the third quarter of 2012, we were awarded a contract to develop a new countermeasure for thermal burns valued at up to $106 million with BARDA. The initial base period includes $4.7 million over two years and covers preclinical research and continued development of Cytori’s Celution® system to improve cell processing. The additional contract options, if fully executed, cover clinical development through FDA approval under a device-based PMA regulatory pathway. This is a cost reimbursement contract and related government contract revenue was recorded at the gross amount of reimbursement starting in the fourth quarter of 2012. We received funds from Olympus and Olympus-Cytori, Inc. during 2005 and 2006. We recorded upfront fees totaling $28,311,000 as deferred revenues, related party. In exchange for these proceeds, we agreed to (a) provide Olympus-Cytori, Inc. an exclusive and perpetual license to our Celution® System device technology and certain related intellectual property, and (b) provide future development contributions related to commercializing the Celution® System platform. The license and development services were not separable and as a result the recognition of this deferred amount as revenue required achievement of service related milestones, under a proportional performance methodology. Revenue was recognized as the above mentioned R&D milestones were completed. Of the amounts received and deferred, we recognized the last remaining development revenue of $638,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2013 as a result of the United States Court of Appeals upholding the FDA’s previous determination that our cell processing devices were not substantially equivalent to the cited predicate devices. The recognition of revenue associated with this event reflects the completion of our efforts expended to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain device regulatory approvals in the United States as it pertains to the 510(k) pathway. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized 2,882,000 of revenue associated with our arrangement with Olympus as a result of two milestones for the APOLLO and PRECISE clinical trials. As of December 31, 2013, there are no deferred amounts under this contract. Refer to Note 8 for discussion about our arrangement with Senko. Warranty Beginning in March 2008, we began sales and shipments of our Celution® 800/CRS System to the European and Asia-Pacific reconstructive surgery market. In September 2008, we completed installation of our first StemSource® Cell Bank. We are selling medical device equipment for use with humans, which is subjected to exhaustive and highly controlled specification compliance and fitness testing and validation procedures before it can be approved for sale to help ensure that the products will be free of defects. We believe that the rigorous nature of the testing and compliance efforts serves to minimize the likelihood of defects in material or workmanship such that recognition of a warranty obligation is not justified at this time. Accordingly, we have not recorded a warranty reserve for our Celution® 800/CRS System and StemSource® Cell Bank product line during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Research and Development Research and development expenditures, which are charged to operations in the period incurred, include costs associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products, regulatory fees, the purchase of laboratory supplies, and pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as salaries and benefits for our research and development employees. Also included in research and development expenditures are costs incurred to support government contract reimbursement and costs incurred in connection with our development arrangements with Olympus and Senko. Expenditures related to the Joint Venture with Olympus included costs that were necessary to support the commercialization of future generation devices, including the next generation Celution® System. These development activities, which began in November 2005, concluded during the first quarter of 2013, and we did not incur any Joint Venture development costs subsequent to our acquisition, in May 2013, of Olympus’ 50% interest in the Joint Venture. Our government contract with BARDA to develop a new countermeasure for thermal burns entitles us to qualifying expenditures of up to $4.7 million during the initial base period. We incurred $3,053,000 in qualified expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $331,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012. There were no comparable expenditures in 2011. Deferred Financing Costs and Other Debt-Related Costs Deferred financing costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense over the term of the associated debt instrument. We evaluate the terms of the debt instruments to determine if any embedded or freestanding derivatives or conversion features exist. We allocate the aggregate proceeds of the debt between the warrants and the debt based on their relative fair values. The fair value of the warrant issued to the Lenders was calculated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We are accreting the resultant discount over the term of the debt through maturity date using the effective interest method. If the maturity of the debt is accelerated because of default or early debt repayment, then the amortization or accretion would be accelerated. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income (loss) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Due to our history of loss, a full valuation allowance was recognized against our deferred tax assets. Stock Based Compensation We recognize the fair value method of all share-based payment awards in our statements of operations over the requisite vesting period of each award. We estimate the fair value of these options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using assumptions for expected volatility, expected term, and risk-free interest rate. Expected volatility is based primarily on historical volatility and is computed using daily pricing observations for recent periods that correspond to the expected term of the options. The expected life is based on the expected term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is the interest rate for treasury instruments with maturities that approximate the expected term. Segment Information For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, all of our financial results relate to regenerative cell technology, therefore we report our results as a single segment. Loss Per Share Basic per share data is computed by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share data is computed by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased to include, if dilutive, the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding as calculated using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares were related entirely to outstanding but unexercised options and warrants for all periods presented. We have excluded all potentially dilutive securities, including unvested performance-based restricted stock, from the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, as their inclusion would be antidilutive. Potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the calculations of diluted loss per share were 17,173,374, 17,426,976 and 19,476,425 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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