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Stockholders' Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity

15. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Board is authorized to designate the terms and conditions of any preferred stock the Company issues without further action by the common stockholders.

 

Series F Preferred Stock

 

On March 3, 2023, the Company filed a certificate of designation (the “Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of the time of filing, designating the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the Series F Preferred Stock, with the total authorization of one (1) share of Series F Preferred Stock. The Certificate of Designation provided that the share of Series F Preferred Stock would have 50,000,000 votes per share of Series F Preferred Stock and would vote together with the Company’s common stock as a single class exclusively with respect to any proposal to amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split. On March 3, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription and investment representation agreement with Richard J. Hawkins, chairman of the board of the Company, who is an accredited investor (the “Series F Preferred Stock Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell one (1) share of the Company’s Series F Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, to the Series F Preferred Stock Purchaser for $1,000 in cash. The sale closed on March 3, 2023.

The outstanding share of Series F Preferred Stock was redeemed in whole, automatically effective upon the approval by the Company’s stockholders of the reverse stock split in April 2023. Upon such redemption, the Series F Preferred Stock Purchaser received consideration of $1,000 in cash.

On November 12, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination (“Certificate of Elimination”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware effecting the elimination of the Certificate of Designation relating to the Series F Preferred Stock. Following the filing of the Certificate of Elimination the previously authorized share of the Series F Preferred Stock resumed the status of an undesignated share of the Company’s preferred stock.

Series B and C Preferred Stock

 

As of December 31, 2024, there were 938 outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock that can be converted into an aggregate of 27,792 shares of common stock, and 1,014 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that can be converted into an aggregate of 398 shares of common stock.

 

Common Stock

 

May 2024 Private Placement

On May 5, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors, including certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers (“Company Insiders”) (collectively, the “Purchasers”), for the sale and issuance by the Company of its securities (the “Initial Subscription”). On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a first amendment to the Securities Purchase Agreement (together with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreement”), for the sale and issuance by the Company of additional securities to two of

the Purchasers (the “Additional Subscription,” and together with the Initial Subscription, the “May 2024 Private Placement”). The Purchase Agreement provides for the sale and issuance by the Company of an aggregate of 3,591,532 shares (the “Private Placement Shares”) of the Company’s common stock or, at the election of each Purchaser, pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, with each Private Placement Share or Pre-Funded Warrant accompanied by (i) a Series A common warrant (“Series A Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock, for an aggregate of 3,591,532 Series A Warrants, and (ii) one Series B common warrant (“Series B Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock, for an aggregate of 3,591,532 Series B Warrants.

The combined purchase price for each Private Placement Share and Pre-Funded Warrant from the Initial Subscription was $2.022, and $2.158 from the Additional Subscription, in each case together with one accompanying Series A Warrant and one accompanying Series B Warrant provided, that the Company Insiders participated in the Initial Subscription at an offering price of $2.04 per Private Placement Share and accompanying Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant.

The exercise price of Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants from the Initial Subscription is $1.772 per share from the Initial Subscription and $1.908 per share from the Additional Subscription, provided that the exercise price for the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants issued to the Company Insiders is $1.79 per share. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Series A Warrants will be exercisable until May 9, 2029, which is the five-year anniversary of issuance. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Series B Warrants will be exercisable until June 24, 2025. The Pre-Funded Warrant will not expire until exercised in full.

Prior to the Amendment and Restatements (as defined below), if a holder of a Series A Warrant or a Series B Warrant was unable to exercise the warrant due to the limitation contained in the warrant that restricts the holder from owning above a specified beneficial ownership level (generally 4.99% or 9.99%) as the result of exercise of the warrant, then the holder had the right to elect upon exercise of the warrant to receive a Pre-Funded Warrant for the same number of shares of common stock that would otherwise have been received upon exercise of the warrant. In addition, prior to the Amendment and Restatements, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants provided for a call right starting June 24, 2025, in favor of the Company, if the volume-weighted average price of the shares of common stock exceeds specified prices.

The May 2024 Private Offering closed on May 9, 2024. The Company issued 1,439,988 shares of common stock, 2,151,544 Pre-Funded Warrants, 3,591,532 Series A Warrants and 3,591,532 Series B Warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in connection with the May 2024 Private Placement. The net proceeds from the May 2024 Private Placement were approximately $7.3 million.

The Company reviewed the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants under the authoritative accounting guidance as of the issuance date.

As described above, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants were initially classified as liabilities for the reason that they could have been exercised into either shares of common stock or Pre-Funded Warrants at the holder’s option and thus failed the indexation guidance under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant liability were initially recorded at fair value as of the issuance date, and under the terms of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants when issued that liability was subject to adjustment to estimated fair value at each balance sheet date until the warrants were settled. Refer below for additional information regarding the amendment of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants that eliminated the ability of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants to be exercised into Pre-Funded Warrants, and as a result, the reclassification of the Series A and B Warrants from liability to equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are equity classified because they (1) are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the common stock, (2) are immediately exercisable, (3) do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, (4) permit the holder to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, (5) are indexed to the Company’s common stock and (6) meet the equity classification criteria.

The proceeds from the May 2024 Private Placement were first allocated to the full fair value of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants due to the initial liability classification. As disclosed in Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, the fair value of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants at issuance was $10.9 million. Under authoritative guidance, if the fair value of a warrant liability exceeds the proceeds received in an arm’s length transaction with no rights or privileges that require separate accounting recognition as an asset identified, then the warrant liability is recorded at fair value with the excess of fair value over proceeds recognized as a loss in earnings. The Company recognized approximately $3.5 million in financing expense in the consolidated statement of operations during year ended December 31, 2024, which represents the excess of the fair value of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants at issuance over the proceeds. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a fair value gain on warrant liability of $5.7 million. Proceeds from the May 2024 Private Placement are shown as

cash from financing transactions and the gain on warrant liability is included as an adjustment to reconcile the net loss to net cash used in operating activities in the statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In addition, total offering expenses related to the May 2024 Private Placement of $0.4 million were recorded as a component of other expenses as the entire proceeds were allocated to the warrant liability, which, prior to the amendment described below, could be settled with either the Company’s shares of common stock or Pre-Funded Warrants, which are exercisable into the Company’s shares of common stock at any time at the holders’ option, but not in cash payment to the holders.

As of December 31, 2024, all of the Series A Warrants, and Series B Warrants issued in connection with the May 2024 Private Placement remained outstanding, and Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 1,959,430 shares of the Company’s common stock remained outstanding.

Amendment and Restatement of Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants

On August 9, 2024, the Company amended and restated the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants (the “Amendment and Restatements”) issued in the May 2024 Private Placement. The Amendment and Restatements eliminated the ability of the holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants to elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants upon exercise of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants in lieu of shares of common stock if the holder would have been restricted because of the specified beneficial ownership level in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants.

In addition, the Amendment and Restatements eliminated the Company’s call right under the terms of the Series A Warrants to call the Series A Warrants after June 24, 2025, if the volume-weighted average price of shares of common stock exceeded specified prices. There were no other changes in the terms of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants.

As a result of the Amendment and Restatements, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants, as amended, no longer fail the indexation guidance under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and the fair value of the warrant liability at the amendment date, in the amount of $5.2 million, was reclassified to equity.

 

Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement

On August 2, 2022, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “2022 Purchase Agreement”) and registration rights agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park Capital Fund (“Lincoln Park”) committed to purchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the 2022 Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Such sales of common stock by the Company are subject to certain limitations, and can occur from time to time, at the Company’s sole discretion, over the 36-month period commencing on August 17, 2022, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

On May 16, 2022, the Company received stockholder approval for purposes of the Nasdaq listing rules to permit issuances of up to 57.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock (including the issuance of more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock) to Lincoln Park, and it was pursuant to that approval that the Company entered into the 2022 Purchase Agreement.

Upon execution of the 2022 Purchase Agreement, the Company paid $0.1 million in cash as the initial commitment fee, and issued 32,846 shares as the initial commitment shares, to Lincoln Park as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at its direction under the 2022 Purchase Agreement. The Company has agreed to pay an additional commitment fee, which it may elect to pay in cash or shares of its common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, upon receipt of $25.0 million aggregate gross proceeds from sales of common stock to Lincoln Park under the 2022 Purchase Agreement.

On August 17, 2022, a registration statement (the “First Registration Statement”) was declared effective to cover the resale of up to 633,333 shares of the Company’s common stock comprised of (i) the 32,846 initial commitment shares, and (ii) up to 600,486 that the Company has reserved for issuance and sale to Lincoln Park under the 2022 Purchase Agreement from time to time from and after the date of the prospectus. The Company sold 527,166 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park in connection with the First Registration Statement.

On August 18, 2023, a second registration statement (the “Second Registration Statement”) was declared effective to cover the resale of up to an additional 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that the Company reserved for issuance and sale to Lincoln Park under the 2022 Purchase Agreement from time to time. The Company sold 150,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park in connection with the Second Registration Statement. The Company cannot sell more shares than registered under the Second Registration Statement under the 2022 Purchase Agreement without registering additional shares.

Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the 2022 Purchase Agreement depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and its operations. The net proceeds under the 2022 Purchase Agreement to the Company depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park.

During the period from August 17, 2022 to December 31, 2022, the Company issued 266,666 shares of common stock under the 2022 Purchase Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $3.2 million. The Company issued 410,500 shares of common stock under the 2022 Purchase Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. The Company did not issue any shares of common stock under the 2022 Purchase Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

Share Repurchase Program and Treasury Stock

On October 31, 2023, the Company announced that its Board has approved a share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”), with authorization to repurchase up to $500,000 of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company funded repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program with available cash.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased 78,559 shares of its common stock for approximately $0.1 million as treasury stock. The Company purchased 179,866 shares of its common stock for approximately $0.4 million as treasury stock during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, no amount remained authorized for repurchase.