(1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices

Marchex, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 17, 2003. The Company is a conversational analytics and solutions company that helps businesses connect, drive, measure, and convert callers into customers, and connects the voice of the customer to their business. We deliver data insights and incorporate artificial intelligence (AI)-powered functionality that drives insights and solutions to help companies find, engage and support their customers across voice and text-based communication channels.

In December 2019, the Company acquired Sonar Technologies, Inc. (“Sonar”), an enterprise text and messaging sales engagement and analytics company. See Note 9. Acquisition of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

In October 2020, the Company sold its interests in certain assets related to its Local Leads Platform, Call Marketplace and other assets not related to core conversational analytics and sales engagement solutions. The purchaser is a related party controlled by a shareholder and officers of the Company. The assets met the definition of a business and represents a discontinued operation since the disposal enables the Company to focus more wholly on its core conversational analytics and sales engagement solution activities, and it will have a significant effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. The Company will have no further involvement in the key strategic decision making or operations of the business. As a result, the operating results related to these assets are shown as discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented. In addition, in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019, the assets and liabilities held for sale have been presented separately. See Note 12. Discontinued Operations of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Unless otherwise indicated, information presented in the Notes to the Financial Statements relates only to the Company’s continuing operations.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company has used estimates related to several financial statement amounts, including revenues, allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for advertiser credits, useful lives for property and equipment and intangible assets, valuation of intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration transferred as a result of business combinations, the fair value of the Company’s common stock and stock option awards, the impairment of goodwill and the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Our Company consolidates all entities that we control by ownership of a majority voting interest. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the prior periods to conform to the current period presentation.

Additionally, there are situations in which U.S. GAAP requires consolidation even though the usual condition of consolidation (ownership of a majority voting interest) does not apply. Generally, this occurs when an entity holds an interest in another business enterprise that was achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests, which results in a disproportionate relationship between such entity's voting interests in, and its exposure to the economic risks and potential rewards of, the other business enterprise. This disproportionate relationship results in what is known as a variable interest, and the entity in which we have the variable interest is referred to as a "VIE." An enterprise must consolidate a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The

primary beneficiary has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Our Company holds a remaining interest in the related party purchaser of our divested operations, for which we determined we were not the primary beneficiary. Our variable interests in this VIE primarily relate to the issuance of a 10% equity interest in the related party purchaser; contingent consideration related to the transaction; and an administrative support services arrangement. Refer to Note 12, Discontinued Operations. Although this financial arrangement resulted in our holding variable interests in this related party entity, it did not empower us to direct the strategic and operational activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Our Company's investment related to this VIE totaled $341,000 as of December 31, 2020, representing our maximum exposure to loss. The Company's investment related to this VIE was not individually significant to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In late 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 emerged and by March 11, 2020 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Across the United States and the world, governments and municipalities instituted measures in an effort to control the spread of COVID-19, including quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, school closings, travel restrictions and the closure of non-essential businesses. By the end of March, the macroeconomic impacts became significant, exhibited by, among other things, a rise in unemployment and market volatility.

For most of the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s results reflect historical trends and seasonality. However, in March 2020 and through December 31, 2020, the Company experienced a decline in revenues due to the impact of COVID-19 and the related reductions in global economic activity and reduced spending by its customers in response to the macroeconomic impact. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company also assessed the realized and potential credit deterioration of its customers due to changes in the macroeconomic environment, which has been reflected in an increase in its allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable as of the quarter ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, the Company determined that indicators of impairment had occurred during the first quarter of 2020, which resulted in the Company performing an interim impairment analysis during the first quarter of 2020. As a result of this interim impairment test, the Company recognized an impairment of its intangible long-lived assets and goodwill during the first quarter of 2020. See the Note 10. Identifiable Intangible Assets from Acquisitions and Note 11. Goodwill in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

For additional information for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions on the Company’s business and operations, refer to Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 1.A of Part I, “Risk Factors”.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds.

The Company had the following financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2020: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying value of these financial instruments approximates their fair value based on the liquidity of these financial instruments and their short-term nature. Further, these financial instruments are considered at Level 1 fair value with observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. The following table provides information about the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents balance (in thousands):

In addition, the Company has acquisition-related liabilities which are recorded at fair value. The fair value was estimated by applying the income approach, which is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market (Level 3 inputs), such as the discount rate and the probability of meeting targeted financial goals. See Note 9. Acquisition of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Assets, liabilities and operations of foreign subsidiaries are recorded based on the functional currency of the entity. For a majority of our foreign operations, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are remeasured each month with the remeasurement gain or loss recorded in other income and expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Accounts receivable balances are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts and allowance for advertiser credits.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on analysis of historical bad debts, advertiser concentrations, advertiser credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Past due balances over 90 days and specific other balances are reviewed individually for collectability. The Company reviews the allowance for collectability quarterly. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

The allowance for doubtful accounts activity for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):

The allowance for advertiser credits is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in advertisers’ payment obligations related to delivered services. The Company determines the allowance for advertiser credits and adjustments based on analysis of historical credits.

The allowance for advertiser credits activity for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on computers and other related equipment, purchased and internally developed software, and furniture and fixtures is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally averaging three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized straight-line over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the assets generally ranging from five to eight years.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method, net of recognized impairment.

Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As of the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, the Company had $32.3 million and $17.6 million, respectively, of goodwill on its balance sheet, net of recognized impairment. See Note 11. Goodwill for further discussion.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds fair value. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented on the balance sheet and reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and no longer depreciated.

We generate the majority of our revenues from core analytics and solutions services. Customers typically receive the benefit of the Company’s services as they are performed and substantially all the Company’s revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed.

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. The Company measures revenue based on the consideration specified in the customer arrangement, and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations in the customer arrangement are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service or product to the customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when or as the customer receives the benefit of the performance obligation.

The Company’s call analytics technology platform provides data and insights that can measure the performance of mobile, online and offline advertising for customers and small business resellers. The Company generates revenue from the Company’s call analytics technology platform when advertisers pay the Company a fee for each call/text or call/text related data element they receive from calls or texts or for each phone number tracked based on a pre-negotiated rate. Revenue is recognized as services are provided over time, which is generally measured by the delivery of each call/text or call/text related data element or each phone number tracked.

The majority of the Company’s customers are invoiced on a monthly basis following the month of the delivery of services and are required to make payments under standard credit terms. The Company establishes an allowance for advertiser credits, which is included in accrued expense and other current liabilities in the balance sheet, using its best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in advertisers’ payment obligations related to delivered services based on analysis of historical credits. The balance associated with the allowance for advertiser credits in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet was $274,000 and $206,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Customer payments received in advance of revenue recognition are also contract liabilities and are recorded as deferred revenue. The deferred revenue balance in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019 and 2020, was $866,000 and $1.4 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities balances at the beginning of the period was $1.5 million and $932,000, respectively.

The majority of the Company’s total revenue is derived from contracts that include consideration that is variable in nature. The variable elements of these contracts primarily include the number of transactions (for example, the number qualified phone calls). For contracts with an effective term greater than one year, the Company applies the standard’s practical expedient that permits the exclusion of disclosure of the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for these contracts as the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations. A term for purposes of these contracts has been estimated at 24 months. In addition, the Company applies the standard’s optional exemption to disclose information about performance obligations for contracts that have original expected terms of one year or less.

For arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, the transaction price from the arrangement is allocated to each respective performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each performance obligation are met. The standalone selling price for each performance obligation is established based on the sales price at which the Company would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer or the estimated standalone selling price.

The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales commissions, are generally deferred and amortized to sales and marketing expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship of approximately 24 months and are subject to being monitored every period to reflect any significant change in assumptions. In addition, the deferred contract cost asset is assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. The Company’s contract acquisition costs are included in other assets, net in the balance sheet. The Company is applying the standard’s practical expedient permitting expensing of costs to obtain a contract when the expected amortization period is one year or less, which typically results in expensing commissions paid to acquire certain contracts. As of December 31 2019, and 2020, the Company had $287,000 and $167,000 of net deferred contract costs, respectively, and the accumulated amortization associated with these costs was $688,000 and $989,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Our service costs represent the cost of providing our services to our customers. These costs primarily consist of telecommunication costs, including the use of phone numbers relating to our services; colocation service charges of our network equipment; bandwidth and software license fees; network operations; and payroll and related expenses of personnel, including stock based compensation.

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and include mobile and online advertising and related outside marketing activities, including sponsorships and trade shows. Such costs are included in sales and marketing. Advertising costs were approximately $1.5 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Product development costs consist primarily of expenses incurred by the Company in the research and development, creation, and enhancement of the Company’s products and services. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include compensation and related expenses, costs of computer hardware and software,

and costs incurred in developing features and functionality of the services. For the periods presented, substantially all of the product development expenses are research and development. Product development costs are expensed as incurred or capitalized into property and equipment in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. FASB ASC Topic 350 requires that cost incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages of an internal use software project be expensed as incurred and that certain costs incurred in the application development stage of a project be capitalized.

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax law is recognized in results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes it as expense, over the vesting or service period, as applicable, of the stock award using the straight-line method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company maintains substantially all of its cash and cash equivalents with two financial institutions and are all considered at Level 1 fair value with observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

There were no customers that represented more than 10% of consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020.

The Company has one customer that represents more than 10% of consolidated accounts receivable. The outstanding receivable balance for this customer is as follows (in percentages):

The Company computes net income (loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock using the two class method. Under the provisions of the two class method, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The computation of the diluted net income (loss) per share of Class B common stock assumes the conversion of Class A common stock to Class B common stock, while the diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares.

In accordance with the two class method, the undistributed earnings (losses) for each year are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares and the restricted shares as if the earnings for the year had been distributed. Considering the terms of the Company’s charter which provides that, if and when dividends are declared on its common stock in accordance with Delaware General Corporation Law, equivalent dividends shall be paid with respect to the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock and that both classes of common stock have identical dividend rights and would share equally in the Company’s net assets in the event of liquidation, the Company has allocated undistributed earnings (losses) on a proportionate basis. See Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Instruments granted in unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, are participating securities prior to vesting. As such, the Company’s restricted stock awards are considered participating securities for purposes of calculating earnings per share. Under the two class method, dividends paid on unvested restricted stock are allocated to these participating securities and therefore impact the calculation of amounts allocated to common stock.

The following table presents the computation of basic net loss per share for the periods ended (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Years ended December 31,
	2019						2020
	Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B
Basic net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss from continuing operations, net of tax	$	(1,026	)	$	(8,706	)	$	(4,233	)	$	(37,785	)
Discontinued operations, net of tax		600			5,090			360			3,212
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(426	)	$	(3,616	)	$	(3,873	)	$	(34,573	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate basic net loss per share		4,793			40,667			4,661			41,599
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations, net of tax	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.91	)
Discontinued operations, net of tax		0.12			0.12			0.08			0.08
Basic net loss per share applicable to common stockholders	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.83	)

The following table presents the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods ended (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Years ended December 31,
	2019						2020
	Class A			Class B			Class A			Class B
Diluted net loss per share:
Numerator:
Net loss from continuing operations, net of tax	$	(1,026	)	$	(8,706	)	$	(4,233	)	$	(37,785	)
Reallocation of net loss for Class A shares as a result of conversion of Class A to Class B shares		—			(1,026	)		—			(4,233	)
Diluted net loss from continuing operations, net of tax	$	(1,026	)	$	(9,732	)	$	(4,233	)	$	(42,018	)
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax		600			5,090			360			3,212
Reallocation of discontinued operations for Class A shares as a result of conversion of Class A to Class B share		—			600			—			360
Diluted net income from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	600		$	5,690		$	360		$	3,572
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(426	)	$	(4,042	)	$	(3,873	)	$	(38,446	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate basic net loss per share		4,793			40,667			4,661			41,599
Conversion of Class A to Class B common shares outstanding		—			4,793			—			4,661
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate diluted net loss per share		4,793			45,460			4,661			46,260
Diluted net loss per share:
Continuing operations, net of tax	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.91	)
Discontinued operations, net of tax		0.12			0.12			0.08			0.08
Diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.83	)	$	(0.83	)

The computation of diluted net loss per share excludes the following because their effect would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

FASB ASC Topic 460, Guarantees provides accounting guidance surrounding liability recognition and disclosure requirements related to guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is not subject to potential obligations under guarantees that fall within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 460 except for standard indemnification provisions that are contained within many of the Company’s agreements, and give rise only to the disclosure requirements prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 460.

In certain agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnification provisions of varying scope and terms with customers, vendors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of agreements or representations and warranties made by the Company, services to be provided by the Company and intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As a result of these provisions, the Company may from time to time provide certain levels of financial support to contract parties to seek to minimize the impact of any associated litigation in which they may be involved. To date, there have been no known events or circumstances that have resulted in any material costs related to these indemnification provisions and no liabilities therefore have been recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. However, the maximum potential amount of the future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions could be material.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), an ASU amending the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Early adoption is permitted after December 15, 2018. The ASU must be adopted using a modified-retrospective approach. In November 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements (Topic 326), Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASU 2018-19), an ASU intended to improve the Codification or correct its unintended application. The ASU is effective upon the adoption of the amendments in Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, with early adoption permitted after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2018-19 and ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, in May 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Targeted Transition Relief, (ASU 2019-05)), an ASU which provides ASU 2016-13 transition relief by providing entities with an alternative to irrevocably elect the fair value option for eligible financial assets measured at amortized cost upon adoption of the credit losses standard. To be eligible for the transition election, the existing financial asset must otherwise be both within the scope of the new credit losses standard and eligible for the applying the fair value option in ASC 825-10. The election must be applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is not available for either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity debt securities. The ASU is effective upon the adoption of the amendments in ASU 2016-13. In addition, in November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842) - Effective Dates (ASU-2019-10), an ASU modifying the effective dates of various previous pronouncements. As the Company qualifies as a Smaller Reporting Company with the SEC, this ASU revised the effective date of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2017-04 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2019-10 to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2019-10, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2018-19 and ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-02, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842). This ASU adds an SEC paragraph pursuant to the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119, which adds Topic 6M on Accounting for Loan Losses by Registrants Engaged in Lending Activities Subject to FASB ASC Topic 326. It also adds a note in paragraph 842-10-S65-1 regarding the updated effective date for Leases pursuant to the issuance of ASU 2019-10. Additionally, in March 2020 Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments (ASU 2020-03), an ASU which represent changes to clarify or improve the Codification. The amendments make the Codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The amendments and are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2020-02 and of ASU 2020-03 to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-11, Codification Improvement to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses, an ASU which makes several amendments to the new credit losses standard, including an amendment requiring entities to include certain expected recoveries of the amortized cost basis previously written off, or expected to be written off, in the allowance for credit losses for purchased credit deteriorated assets. The amendments also provide transition relief related to troubled debt restructurings, allow entities to exclude accrued interest amounts from certain required disclosures and clarify the requirements for

applying the collateral maintenance practical expedient. For entities that have not yet adopted the new credit losses standard, the effective dates and transition requirements are the same as those in ASU 2016-13. For entities that have adopted the new credit losses standard, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, as long as the entity has adopted the new credit losses standard. The ASU must be adopted using a modified-retrospective approach. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2019-11 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, an ASU which eliminates certain exceptions to the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC or Codification) 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The guidance also clarifies that single-member limited liability companies and similar disregarded entities that are not subject to income tax are not required to recognize an allocation of consolidated income tax expense in their separate financial statements, but they could elect to do so. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The transition method related to the ASU amendments depend upon the nature of the guidance and vary depending upon the specific amendment being implemented. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2019-12 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.