Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices	Note 1: Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation Marchex, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 17, 2003. The Company is a conversation intelligence company that harnesses the power of AI and conversational intelligence to provide actionable insights aligned with prescriptive vertical market data analytics, driving operational excellence and revenue acceleration. Marchex enables executive, sales, and marketing teams to optimize customer journey experiences across all communication channels. Through our prescriptive analytics solutions, we enable the alignment of enterprise strategy, empowering businesses to increase revenue through informed decision-making and strategic execution. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company has used estimates related to several financial statement amounts, including revenues, the fair value of stock options awards, and the impairment of goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (b) Going Concern Based on our operating plans we believe that our resources will be sufficient to fund our operations, including any investments in strategic initiatives, for at least twelve months from March 14, 2025, the date of financial statement issuance. The Company considers any substantial doubt raised from recent net losses from operations to be alleviated by management's future operating plans, which consist of strategies for product innovation, increased sales, and cost cutting and efficiency efforts. When evaluating the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, management analyzed our strong working capital and cash position, positive momentum from year over year operating performance, and absence of any internal or external matters outstanding that would cause operating plans to be significantly revised. (c) Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds. The Company maintains cash balances with large financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. (d) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of financial instruments approximates their fair value based on the liquidity of these financial instruments and their short-term nature. Further, these financial instruments are considered at Level 1 fair value with observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Assets, liabilities, and operations of foreign subsidiaries are recorded based on the functional currency of the entity. For a majority of our foreign operations, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured each month with the remeasurement gain or loss recorded in Interest income (expense) and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (e) Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Accounts receivable balances are presented net of allowance for credit losses. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on analysis of historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. Past due balances over 90 days and specific other balances are reviewed individually for collectability. The Company reviews accounts for collectability and the allowance for adequacy quarterly. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Allowance for Customer Credits The allowance for customer credits is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in customers’ payment obligations related to delivered services. The Company determines the allowance for customer credits based on analysis of historical credits and expected revenue adjustments. (f) Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on computers and other related equipment, purchased and internally developed software, and furniture and fixtures are calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally averaging three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized straight-line over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the assets generally ranging from five to eight years. We capitalize certain software development costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining computer software for internal use when both the preliminary project stage is completed, and it is probable that the software will be used as intended. Capitalized software costs include (i) external direct costs of materials and services utilized in developing computer software, (ii) compensation and related benefits for employees who are directly associated with the software projects. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis when placed into service over the estimated useful life of the software, generally averaging three years. We capitalized $47.2 thousand in software development costs for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. (g) Leases The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception of the arrangement. For arrangements considered leases, the Company assesses the lease for finance or operating classification and records a right-of-use asset and lease liability as of the commencement date. Finance leases are recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and interest is recognized and presented separately in Interest income (expense) and other on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets which represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. Operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. (h) Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method, net of recognized impairment. Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on November 30, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. No impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. (i) Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the primary asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds fair value. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and no longer depreciated. No impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. (j) Revenue Recognition We generate the majority of our revenues from conversational intelligence product offerings. Customers typically receive the benefit of the Company’s services as they are performed and substantially all the Company’s revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. The Company measures revenue based on the consideration specified in the customer arrangement, and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations in the customer arrangement are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service or product to the customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when or as the customer receives the benefit of the performance obligation. The Company’s AI-powered conversational analytics technology platform provides data and insights into the conversations our clients are having with their customers across phone, text and other communication channels. Our tools enable brands to personalize customer interactions in order to accelerate sales and capture more opportunities to grow their business. The Company generates revenue from the Company’s conversational analytics technology platform when customers pay the Company a fee for call, text, or other communication related data element they receive from calls or texts or for each phone number tracked based on a pre-negotiated rate. Revenue is recognized as services are provided over time, which is generally measured by the delivery of each call/text or call/text related data element or each phone number tracked. The majority of the Company’s customers are invoiced on a monthly basis following the month of the delivery of services and are required to make payments under standard credit terms. The Company establishes an allowance for customer credits, which is included in Accounts receivable, net in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, using its best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in customers’ payment obligations related to delivered services based on analysis of historical credits and expected revenue adjustments. The majority of the Company’s total revenue is derived from contracts that include consideration that is variable in nature. The variable elements of these contracts primarily include the number of transactions (for example, the number of qualified phone calls). For contracts with an effective term greater than one year, the Company applies the standard’s practical expedient that permits the exclusion of disclosure of the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for these contracts as the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations. A term for purposes of these contracts has been estimated at 24 months. In addition, the Company applies the standard’s optional exemption to disclose information about performance obligations for contracts that have original expected terms of one year or less. For arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, the transaction price from the arrangement is allocated to each respective performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each performance obligation are met. The standalone selling price for each performance obligation is established based on the sales price at which the Company would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer or the estimated standalone selling price. The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales commissions, are generally deferred and amortized to sales and marketing expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship of approximately 24 months and are subject to being monitored every period to reflect any significant change in assumptions. In addition, the deferred contract cost asset is assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. The Company’s contract acquisition costs are included in Other assets, net in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is applying the standard’s practical expedient permitting expensing of costs to obtain a contract when the expected amortization period is one year or less, which typically results in expensing commissions paid to acquire certain contracts. (k) Cost of Revenue Our cost of revenue represents the cost of providing our services to our customers. These costs primarily consist of cloud computing and hosting costs, telecommunication costs, including the use of phone numbers relating to our services; bandwidth and software license fees; network operations; and payroll and related expenses of personnel, including stock based compensation. The Company has historically reported these costs under the caption "service costs" on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, but determined that the change to "cost of revenue" on a go-forward basis, beginning on December 31, 2024, better aligns the Company's financial reporting to its industry and competitors for comparison. (l) Advertising Expenses Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and include mobile and online advertising and related outside marketing activities, including sponsorships and trade shows. Such costs are included in sales and marketing. Advertising costs were approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (m) Product Development Product development costs consist primarily of expenses incurred by the Company in the research and development, creation, and enhancement of the Company’s products and services. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include compensation and related expenses, costs of computer hardware and software, and costs incurred in developing features and functionality of the services. For the periods presented, substantially all of the product development expenses are related to research and development. Product development costs are expensed as incurred or capitalized into property and equipment in accordance with FASB ASC 350. ASC 350 requires that cost incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages of an internal use software project be expensed as incurred and that certain costs incurred in the application development stage of a project be capitalized. (n) Income Taxes The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax law is recognized in results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. (o) Defined Contribution 401(k) Plan The Company maintains voluntary defined contribution plans, which are qualified, covering employees that meet eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may elect to defer and contribute a portion of their eligible compensation to the plans, not to exceed the dollar amounts set by applicable laws. Cash contributions by the Company were approximately $0.2 million for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. (p) Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes it as expense, over the vesting or service period, as applicable, of the stock award using the straight-line method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. (q) Net Loss Per Share The Company computes net loss per share of Class A and Class B common stock using the two class method. Under the provisions of the two class method, basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The computation of the diluted net loss per share of Class B common stock assumes the conversion of Class A common stock to Class B common stock, while the diluted net loss per share of Class A common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares. In accordance with the two class method, the undistributed losses for each year are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares and the restricted shares as if the losses for the year had been distributed. Considering the terms of the Company’s charter which provides that, if and when dividends are declared on its common stock in accordance with Delaware General Corporation Law, equivalent dividends shall be paid with respect to the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock and that both classes of common stock have identical dividend rights and would share equally in the Company’s net assets in the event of liquidation, the Company has allocated undistributed losses on a proportionate basis. See Note 6: Stockholders' Equity of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Instruments granted in unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, are participating securities prior to vesting. As such, the Company’s restricted stock awards are considered participating securities for purposes of calculating loss per share. Under the two class method, dividends paid on unvested restricted stock are allocated to these participating securities and therefore impact the calculation of amounts allocated to common stock. (r) Guarantees FASB ASC 460, Guarantees, provides accounting guidance surrounding liability recognition and disclosure requirements related to guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is not subject to potential obligations under guarantees that fall within the scope of ASC 460 except for standard indemnification provisions that are contained within many of the Company’s agreements, and give rise only to the disclosure requirements prescribed by ASC 460. In certain agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnification provisions of varying scope and terms with customers, vendors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of agreements or representations and warranties made by the Company, services to be provided by the Company and intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As a result of these provisions, the Company may from time to time provide certain levels of financial support to contract parties to seek to minimize the impact of any associated litigation in which they may be involved. To date, there have been no known events or circumstances that have resulted in any material costs related to these indemnification provisions and no liabilities therefore have been recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. However, the maximum potential amount of the future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions could be material. (s) Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about their effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and may be applied on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, which updates the effective date of the November 2024 issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, that requires public entities to improve disclosures about their expenses and provide more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is now effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices

Note 1: Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Marchex, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 17, 2003. The Company is a conversation intelligence company that harnesses the power of AI and conversational intelligence to provide actionable insights aligned with prescriptive vertical market data analytics, driving operational excellence and revenue acceleration. Marchex enables executive, sales, and marketing teams to optimize customer journey experiences across all communication channels. Through our prescriptive analytics solutions, we enable the alignment of enterprise strategy, empowering businesses to increase revenue through informed decision-making and strategic execution.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company has used estimates related to several financial statement amounts, including revenues, the fair value of stock options awards, and the impairment of goodwill. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(b) Going Concern

Based on our operating plans we believe that our resources will be sufficient to fund our operations, including any investments in strategic initiatives, for at least twelve months from March 14, 2025, the date of financial statement issuance. The Company considers any substantial doubt raised from recent net losses from operations to be alleviated by management's future operating plans, which consist of strategies for product innovation, increased sales, and cost cutting and efficiency efforts. When evaluating the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, management analyzed our strong working capital and cash position, positive momentum from year over year operating performance, and absence of any internal or external matters outstanding that would cause operating plans to be significantly revised.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds. The Company maintains cash balances with large financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits.

(d) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of financial instruments approximates their fair value based on the liquidity of these financial instruments and their short-term nature. Further, these financial instruments are considered at Level 1 fair value with observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Assets, liabilities, and operations of foreign subsidiaries are recorded based on the functional currency of the entity. For a majority of our foreign operations, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured each month with the remeasurement gain or loss recorded in Interest income (expense) and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(e) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Accounts receivable balances are presented net of allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on analysis of historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. Past due balances over 90 days and specific other balances are reviewed individually for collectability. The Company reviews accounts for collectability and the allowance for adequacy quarterly. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Allowance for Customer Credits

The allowance for customer credits is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in customers’ payment obligations related to delivered services. The Company determines the allowance for customer credits based on analysis of historical credits and expected revenue adjustments.

(f) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on computers and other related equipment, purchased and internally developed software, and furniture and fixtures are calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally averaging three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized straight-line over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the assets generally ranging from five to eight years.

We capitalize certain software development costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining computer software for internal use when both the preliminary project stage is completed, and it is probable that the software will be used as intended. Capitalized software costs include (i) external direct costs of materials and services utilized in developing computer software, (ii) compensation and related benefits for employees who are directly associated with the software projects. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis when placed into service over the estimated useful life of the software, generally averaging three years. We capitalized $47.2 thousand in software development costs for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(g) Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception of the arrangement. For arrangements considered leases, the Company assesses the lease for finance or operating classification and records a right-of-use asset and lease liability as of the commencement date. Finance leases are recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and interest is recognized and presented separately in Interest income (expense) and other on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets which represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term. Operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(h) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method, net of recognized impairment.

Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on November 30, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. No impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(i) Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the primary asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds fair value. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and no longer depreciated. No impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(j) Revenue Recognition

We generate the majority of our revenues from conversational intelligence product offerings. Customers typically receive the benefit of the Company’s services as they are performed and substantially all the Company’s revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed.

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. The Company measures revenue based on the consideration specified in the customer arrangement, and revenue is recognized when the performance obligations in the customer arrangement are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service or product to the customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when or as the customer receives the benefit of the performance obligation.

The Company’s AI-powered conversational analytics technology platform provides data and insights into the conversations our clients are having with their customers across phone, text and other communication channels. Our tools enable brands to personalize customer interactions in order to accelerate sales and capture more opportunities to grow their business. The Company generates revenue from the Company’s conversational analytics technology platform when customers pay the Company a fee for call, text, or other communication related data element they receive from calls or texts or for each phone number tracked based on a pre-negotiated rate. Revenue is recognized as services are provided over time, which is generally measured by the delivery of each call/text or call/text related data element or each phone number tracked.

The majority of the Company’s customers are invoiced on a monthly basis following the month of the delivery of services and are required to make payments under standard credit terms. The Company establishes an allowance for customer credits, which is included in Accounts receivable, net in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, using its best estimate of the amount of expected future reductions in customers’ payment obligations related to delivered services based on analysis of historical credits and expected revenue adjustments.

The majority of the Company’s total revenue is derived from contracts that include consideration that is variable in nature. The variable elements of these contracts primarily include the number of transactions (for example, the number of qualified phone calls). For contracts with an effective term greater than one year, the Company applies the standard’s practical expedient that permits the exclusion of disclosure of the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for these contracts as the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations. A term for purposes of these contracts has been estimated at 24 months. In addition, the Company applies the standard’s optional exemption to disclose information about performance obligations for contracts that have original expected terms of one year or less.

For arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, the transaction price from the arrangement is allocated to each respective performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each performance obligation are met. The standalone selling price for each performance obligation is established based on the sales price at which the Company would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer or the estimated standalone selling price.

The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales commissions, are generally deferred and amortized to sales and marketing expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship of approximately 24 months and are subject to being monitored every period to reflect any significant change in assumptions. In addition, the deferred contract cost asset is assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. The Company’s contract acquisition costs are included in Other assets, net in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is applying the standard’s practical expedient permitting expensing of costs to obtain a contract when the expected amortization period is one year or less, which typically results in expensing commissions paid to acquire certain contracts.

(k) Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue represents the cost of providing our services to our customers. These costs primarily consist of cloud computing and hosting costs, telecommunication costs, including the use of phone numbers relating to our services; bandwidth and software license fees; network operations; and payroll and related expenses of personnel, including stock based compensation.

The Company has historically reported these costs under the caption "service costs" on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, but determined that the change to "cost of revenue" on a go-forward basis, beginning on December 31, 2024, better aligns the Company's financial reporting to its industry and competitors for comparison.

(l) Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and include mobile and online advertising and related outside marketing activities, including sponsorships and trade shows. Such costs are included in sales and marketing. Advertising costs were approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(m) Product Development

Product development costs consist primarily of expenses incurred by the Company in the research and development, creation, and enhancement of the Company’s products and services. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include compensation and related expenses, costs of computer hardware and software, and costs incurred in developing features and functionality of the services. For the periods presented, substantially all of the product development expenses are related to research and development. Product development costs are expensed as incurred or capitalized into property and equipment in accordance with FASB ASC 350. ASC 350 requires that cost incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages of an internal use software project be expensed as incurred and that certain costs incurred in the application development stage of a project be capitalized.

(n) Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax law is recognized in results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

(o) Defined Contribution 401(k) Plan

The Company maintains voluntary defined contribution plans, which are qualified, covering employees that meet eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may elect to defer and contribute a portion of their eligible compensation to the plans, not to exceed the dollar amounts set by applicable laws. Cash contributions by the Company were approximately $0.2 million for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(p) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes it as expense, over the vesting or service period, as applicable, of the stock award using the straight-line method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

(q) Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share of Class A and Class B common stock using the two class method. Under the provisions of the two class method, basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The computation of the diluted net loss per share of Class B common stock assumes the conversion of Class A common stock to Class B common stock, while the diluted net loss per share of Class A common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares.

In accordance with the two class method, the undistributed losses for each year are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares and the restricted shares as if the losses for the year had been distributed. Considering the terms of the Company’s charter which provides that, if and when dividends are declared on its common stock in accordance with Delaware General Corporation Law, equivalent dividends shall be paid with respect to the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock and that both classes of common stock have identical dividend rights and would share equally in the Company’s net assets in the event of liquidation, the Company has allocated undistributed losses on a proportionate basis. See Note 6: Stockholders' Equity of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Instruments granted in unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, are participating securities prior to vesting. As such, the Company’s restricted stock awards are considered participating securities for purposes of calculating loss per share. Under the two class method, dividends paid on unvested restricted stock are allocated to these participating securities and therefore impact the calculation of amounts allocated to common stock.

(r) Guarantees

FASB ASC 460, Guarantees, provides accounting guidance surrounding liability recognition and disclosure requirements related to guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is not subject to potential obligations under guarantees that fall within the scope of ASC 460 except for standard indemnification provisions that are contained within many of the Company’s agreements, and give rise only to the disclosure requirements prescribed by ASC 460.

In certain agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnification provisions of varying scope and terms with customers, vendors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of agreements or representations and warranties made by the Company, services to be provided by the Company and intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As a result of these provisions, the Company may from time to time provide certain levels of financial support to contract parties to seek to minimize the impact of any associated litigation in which they may be involved. To date, there have been no known events or circumstances that have resulted in any material costs related to these indemnification provisions and no liabilities therefore have been recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. However, the maximum potential amount of the future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions could be material.

(s) Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about their effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and may be applied on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, which updates the effective date of the November 2024 issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, that requires public entities to improve disclosures about their expenses and provide more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is now effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements.