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Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net [Text Block]
5.

Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net

Trade accounts and bills receivable as of September 30, 2016, December 31, 2016 and 2017 consisted of the following:

 

   September 30,     December 31,     December 31,  

 

   2016     2016     2017  

Trade accounts receivable

 $ 4,995,564   $ 5,169,593   $ 42,095,211  

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (2,837,977 )   (2,761,144 )   (3,700,922 )

 

   2,157,587     2,408,449     38,394,289  

Bills receivable

   224,840     59,938     19,124,323  

 

 $ 2,382,427   $ 2,468,387   $ 57,518,612  

An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

 

   September 30,     December 31,     December 31,  

 

   2016     2016     2017  

Balance at beginning of period

 $ 122,115   $ 2,837,977   $ 2,761,144  

Provision for the period

   2,833,615     44,861     839,917  

Reversal - recoveries by cash

   (54,118 )   -     (114,542 )

Write off

   -     (9,438 )   -  

Charged to consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive (loss) income

  2,779,497     35,423     725,375  

Foreign exchange adjustment

   (63,635 )   (112,256 )   214,403  

Balance at end of period

 $ 2,837,977   $ 2,761,144   $ 3,700,922