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Goodwill | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill | 13. Goodwill The movement of the goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 are as follows:
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | - |
Acquisition of Hitrans |  |  | 1,606,518 |
Foreign exchange adjustment |  |  | 38,714 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,645,232 |
Impairment of goodwill |  |  | (1,556,078 | )
Foreign exchange adjustment |  |  | (89,154 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | - |
The Company performed goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change indicating the asset might be impaired. As of December 31, 2022, the Company performed testing on reporting unit of NCM precursor and cathode materials products (“Hitrans Reporting unit”) The Company first assessed qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. For those reporting units where it is determined that it is more likely than not that their fair values are less than the units’ carrying amounts, the Company will perform the first step of a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. After performing the assessment, if the carrying amounts of the reporting units are higher than their fair values, the Company will perform the second step of the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In 2022 and 2021, the Company performed qualitative assessments for Hitrans reporting unit. Based on the requirements of ASC 350-20-35-3C through ASC 350-20-35-3G, the Company evaluated all relevant factors, weighed all factors in their totality. For the year ended December 31, 2022, as the financial performance of Hitrans reporting unit was below original expectations, fair value of this reporting unit was indicated to be lower than its carrying value. For this reporting unit, where it was determined that it was more likely than not that its fair value was less than the units’ carrying amount after performing the qualitative assessment, as a result, the Company performed the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test for these two reporting units. For the two-step goodwill impairment test, the Company estimated the fair value with either income approach or asset approach for specific reporting unit components. With the income approach, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on the best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on expected expansion, pricing, market share, and general economic conditions. Certain estimates of discounted cash flows involve businesses with limited financial history and developing revenue models. Changes in these forecasts could significantly change the amount of impairment recorded, if any. Asset based approach is used in evaluating the fair value of some specific components which is deemed as the most prudent approach due to the unpredictability of future cash flows. The result of step one impairment test for the Hitrans reporting unit failed, with its determined fair value lower than the book value. The Company performed step two impairment test, applying the income approach, resulting an impairment loss of goodwill of $1,556,078 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The impairment loss of goodwill was primarily attributable to the impairment related to Hitrans reporting unit as the financial performance of the reporting unit of Hitrans continued to fall below the Company’s original expectations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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