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Revenue Recognition
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
We account for a contract when both we and the customer approve and commit; our rights and those of the customer are identified, payment terms are identified; the contract has commercial substance; and collectability of consideration is probable. At contract inception, we identify the distinct goods or services promised in the contract, referred to as performance obligations. Then we determine the total transaction price for the contract; which is the total consideration which we can expect in exchange for the promised goods or services in the contract. The transaction price may include fixed or variable amounts. Due to our contracts being predominantly time and material, the Company does not have variable consideration. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price for each service promised in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the hourly billing rate for each labor category identified in the contract with the customer. Revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied.

We recognize revenue over time when there is a continuous transfer of control to our customer. For our U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. When control is transferred over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For services contracts, we satisfy our performance obligations as services are rendered. We use a cost-based input method to measure progress.

Contract costs include labor, material and allocable indirect expenses. For time-and-material contracts, we bill the customer per labor hour and per material, and revenue is recognized in the amount invoiced since the amount corresponds directly to the value of our performance to date. We consider control to transfer when we have a present right to payment. Essentially, all of our contracts satisfy their performance obligations over time. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications impact performance obligations when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue and profit cumulatively. Furthermore, a significant change in one or more estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts in the period identified.

For time-and-materials contracts, revenue is recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. Revenue for cost-reimbursable contracts is recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. Contract costs are expensed as incurred. Estimated losses are recognized when identified.

Contract assets - Amounts are invoiced as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. In part, revenue recognition occurs before we have the right to bill, resulting in contract assets. These contract assets are reported within receivables, net on our consolidated balance sheets and are invoiced in accordance with payment terms defined in each contract. Period end balances will vary from period to period due to agreed-upon contractual terms.

Contract liabilities - Amounts are a result of billings in excess of costs incurred.
        The following table summarizes the contract balances recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheets:
(in thousands)
June 30,September 30,
20202019
Contract assets$10,216  $4,302  
Contract liabilities$41  $92  

Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by customer, contract type, as well as whether the Company acts as prime contractor or subcontractor. We believe these categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by these categories:

Revenue by customer:
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2020201920202019
Department of Veterans Affairs$24,783  $23,056  $74,402  $68,563  
Department of Health and Human Services23,312  14,297  73,263  34,987  
Other3,364  1,347  10,830  2,658  
Total revenue$51,459  $38,700  $158,495  $106,208  

Revenue by contract type:
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2020201920202019
Time and materials$36,315  $33,426  $110,918  $98,841  
Cost reimbursable13,841  4,545  43,887  5,791  
Firm fixed price1,303  729  3,690  1,576  
Total revenue$51,459  $38,700  $158,495  $106,208  

Revenue by whether the Company acts as a prime contractor or a subcontractor:
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2020201920202019
Prime contractor$47,649  $36,882  $147,464  $103,947  
Subcontractor3,810  1,818  11,031  2,261  
Total revenue$51,459  $38,700  $158,495  $106,208