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Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Grants | 6 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Grants | Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Grants Stock-based compensation expense Options issued under equity incentive plans were designated as either an incentive stock or a non-statutory stock option. No option was granted with a term of more than 10 years from the date of grant. Exercisability of option awards may depend on achievement of certain performance measures determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board. Shares issued upon option exercise are newly issued shares. As of March 31, 2024, there were 0.8 million shares available for grant. Stock-based compensation expense shown in the table below, is recorded in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |  | March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
DLH employees (a) |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 621 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |  |  | $ | 993 |  |
Non-employee directors (b) |  | 180 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 359 |  |
Total stock option expense |  | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 1,573 |  |  | $ | 1,352 |  |
(a) Included in this amount are equity grants of restricted stock units ("RSU") to Executive Officers, which were issued in accordance with the DLH long-term incentive compensation policy in this fiscal year, including both RSU and stock option grants to employees during prior fiscal years. The RSUs issued and outstanding totaled 429,320 and 337,578 at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there was no grant awarded to Executive Officers. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, 169,544 RSUs were granted to Executive Officers. Of the RSUs granted, 84,773 have performance-based vesting criteria and the remaining 84,771 have service-based vesting criteria. The RSUs granted during the six months ended March 31, 2024, were valued as follows using the Monte Carlo Method, and will be amortized over the 3-year measurement period. (b) Equity grants of RSUs were made in accordance with DLH compensation policy for non-employee directors and a total of 61,525 and 50,367 restricted stock units were issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These grants have service-based vesting criteria and vest at the end of this fiscal year. The fair value of RSUs issued during the six months ended March 31, 2024 is presented in the table below:
|  |  |  |  |  | Volatility |
|  |  |  |  |  | 50% |
Grant Date | Performance Vesting Base | Performance Vesting Criteria |  | (Years) |  | Fair Value |
December 15, 2023 | Revenue | Revenue increase at the end of the performance period as compared to the year ended September 30, 2023 |  | 3 |  | $ | 3.82 |  |
December 15, 2023 | Stock price | Stock price is at least $25.65 per share average for the 30 days prior to the end of the performance period |  | 3 |  | $ | 5.36 |  |
Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Results based on 100,000 simulations |  |  |  |  |
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense is presented in the table below (in thousands):
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Unrecognized expense for DLH employees (a) |  | $ | 7,026 |  |  | $ | 8,575 |  |
Unrecognized expense for non-employee directors |  | 359 |  |  | 359 |  |
Total unrecognized expense |  | $ | 7,385 |  |  | $ | 8,934 |  |
(a) On a weighted average basis, the unrecognized expense as of March 31, 2024 is expected to be recognized within the next 3.29 years. Stock option activity for the six months ended March 31, 2024 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table below represents the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price, times the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in the money options on those dates. This amount will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. A summary of the Company's stock option awards is as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | (in years) |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |
|  |  |  | Weighted |  | Average |  | (in thousands) |
|  | (in thousands) |  | Average |  | Remaining |  | Aggregate |
|  | Number of |  | Exercise |  | Contractual |  | Intrinsic |
|  | Shares |  | Price |  | Term |  | Value |
Options outstanding, September 30, 2023 |  | 2,278 |  |  | $ | 8.40 |  |  | 5.80 |  | $ | 8,693 |  |
Granted |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Exercised |  | (535) |  |  | 5.03 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Cancelled |  | (25) |  |  | 11.66 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Options outstanding, March 31, 2024 |  | 1,718 |  |  | $ | 9.40 |  |  | 6.00 |  | $ | 7,450 |  |
Vested and exercisable, March 31, 2024 |  | 1,458 |  |  | $ | 8.31 |  |  | 5.70 |  | $ | 7,374 |  |
Stock option shares outstanding, vested and unvested balance as follows (in thousands):
|  |  | March 31, |  | September 30, |  |
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Vested and exercisable |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  |  |
Unvested (a) |  |  | 260 |  |  | 670 |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding |  |  | 1,718 |  |  | 2,278 |  |  |  |  |
(a) Certain awards vest upon satisfaction of certain performance criteria.

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