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Business Segment Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Business Segment Information |
Business Segment Information | Note 5. Business Segment Information The Group’s assets include its iron ore royalty, financial services and other proprietary investments. In addition, the Group owns other merchant banking assets and seeks to invest in businesses or assets whose intrinsic value is not properly reflected. The Group’s investing activities are generally not passive. The Group actively seeks investments where its financial expertise and management can add or unlock value. The Group currently has three separate and independently managed operating subgroups underneath its corporate umbrella. In reporting to management, the Group’s operating results are currently categorized into the following operating segments: Royalty, Industrial, Merchant Banking and All Other segments which include corporate activities. Basis of Presentation In reporting segments, certain of the Group’s business lines have been aggregated where they have similar economic characteristics and are similar in each of the following areas: (a) the nature of the products and services; (b) the methods of distribution; and (c) the types or classes of customers/clients for the products and services. The Group’s Royalty segment includes an interest in the Scully iron ore mine in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Group’s Industrial segment includes projects in resources and services around the globe. It seeks opportunities to benefit from long-term industrial and services assets, with a focus on East Asia. The Group’s Merchant Banking segment has a subsidiary with its bonds listed on the Malta Stock Exchange and comprises regulated merchant banking businesses with a focus on Europe. In addition, the Merchant Banking segment holds two industrial real estate parks in Europe. The All Other segment includes the Group’s corporate and small entities whose quantitative amounts do not exceed 10% of any of the Group’s: (a) reported revenue; (b) net income; or (c) total assets. Note 5. Business Segment Information (continued) The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2B. The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance on the basis of income or loss from operations before income taxes and does not consider acquisition accounting adjustments in assessing the performance of the Group’s reporting segments. The segment information presented below is prepared according to the following methodologies: (a) revenue and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pre-tax earnings; (b) intersegment sales and transfers are accounted for as if the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market prices; (c) certain selling, general and administrative expenses paid by corporate, particularly incentive compensation and share-based compensation, are not allocated to reporting segments; (d) all intercompany investments, receivables and payables are eliminated in the determination of each segment’s assets and liabilities; (e) deferred income tax assets and liabilities are not allocated; and (f) gains or losses on dispositions of subsidiaries which include reclassification of realized cumulative translation adjustments from equity to profit or loss on disposals of subsidiaries, write-offs of intercompany accounts, changes in intercompany account balances and cash used (received) in acquisition (disposition) of a subsidiary are allocated to corporate and included within the Group’s All Other segment. Segment Operating Results ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial |  | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue from external customers | ​ | $ | 29,167 | ​ | $ | 28,538 | ​ | $ | 5,486 | ​ | $ | 498 | ​ | $ | 63,689
Intersegment sale | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,079 | ​ |  | 6,212 | ​ |  | 5,707 | ​ |  | 20,998
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 253 | ​ |  | 1,554 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,809
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | ​ | ​ | 4,637 | ​ | ​ | 5,740 | ​ | ​ | 321 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 10,699
Income (loss) before income taxes | ​ | ​ | 1,012 | ​ | ​ | (19,457) | ​ |  | 2,900 | ​ |  | (8,411) | ​ |  | (23,956)
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue from external customers | ​ | $ | 40,335 | ​ | $ | 23,428 | ​ | $ | 6,527 | ​ | $ | 1,001 | ​ | $ | 71,291
Intersegment sale | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,385 | ​ |  | 6,663 | ​ |  | 4,371 | ​ |  | 14,419
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 202 | ​ |  | 1,715 | ​ |  | 16 | ​ |  | 1,935
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | ​ | ​ | 4,911 | ​ | ​ | 5,754 | ​ | ​ | 357 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 11,023
Income (loss) before income taxes | ​ | ​ | 26,892 | ​ | ​ | (4,739) | ​ |  | 736 | ​ |  | (5,342) | ​ |  | 17,547
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2020
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue from external customers | ​ | $ | 31,360 | ​ | $ | 17,666 | ​ | $ | 10,406 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 59,432
Intersegment sale | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ |  | 2,927 | ​ |  | 737 | ​ |  | 3,726
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ |  | 1,834 | ​ |  | 16 | ​ |  | 1,881
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | ​ | ​ | 5,225 | ​ | ​ | 5,833 | ​ | ​ | 410 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 11,470
Income (loss) before income taxes | ​ | ​ | 25,293 | ​ | ​ | (1,229) | ​ |  | 832 | ​ |  | (13,717) | ​ |  | 11,179
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Segment assets | ​ | $ | 211,462 | ​ | $ | 112,403 | ​ | $ | 123,864 | ​ | $ | 27,748 | ​ | $ | 475,477
​ Note 5. Business Segment Information (continued) ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Segment assets | ​ | $ | 216,900 | ​ | $ | 148,426 | ​ | $ | 96,934 | ​ | $ | 47,706 | ​ | $ | 509,966
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking | ​ | All Other |  | Total
Segment liabilities | ​ | $ | 51,896 | ​ | $ | 39,312 | ​ | $ | 50,902 | ​ | $ | 860 | ​ | $ | 142,970
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty | ​ | Industrial | ​ | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Segment liabilities | ​ | $ | 49,566 | ​ | $ | 44,703 | ​ | $ | 42,480 | ​ | $ | 683 | ​ | $ | 137,432
​ ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty |  | Industrial |  | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Cash provided by (used in) provided by operating activities | ​ | $ | 3,866 | ​ | $ | 22,411 | ​ | $ | 6,949 | ​ | $ | (2,589) | ​ | $ | 30,637
Cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (3) | ​ |  | (4,670) | ​ |  | (4) | ​ |  | (4,677)
Cash used in financing activities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (148) | ​ |  | (521) | ​ |  | (16,523) | ​ |  | (17,192)
Exchange rate effect on cash | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | (72) | ​ |  | 1,625 | ​ |  | (1,480) | ​ |  | 76
Change in cash | ​ | $ | 3,869 | ​ | $ | 22,188 | ​ | $ | 3,383 | ​ | $ | (20,596) | ​ | $ | 8,844
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty |  | Industrial |  | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ | $ | 27,400 | ​ | $ | 1,836 | ​ | $ | 260 | ​ | $ | (36,133) | ​ | $ | (6,637)
Cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | (970) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (971)
Cash used in financing activities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (208) | ​ |  | (216) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (424)
Exchange rate effect on cash | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | 476 | ​ |  | (3,389) | ​ |  | 2,268 | ​ |  | (647)
Change in cash | ​ | $ | 27,398 | ​ | $ | 2,103 | ​ | $ | (4,315) | ​ | $ | (33,865) | ​ | $ | (8,679)
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2020
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Merchant | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Royalty |  | Industrial |  | Banking |  | All Other |  | Total
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ | $ | 11,394 | ​ | $ | 2,298 | ​ | $ | (3,620) | ​ | $ | (31,343) | ​ | $ | (21,271)
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (111) | ​ |  | 4,185 | ​ |  | (655) | ​ |  | 3,419
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ​ |  | 80 | ​ |  | (284) | ​ |  | (197) | ​ |  | (97) | ​ |  | (498)
Exchange rate effect on cash | ​ |  | (35) | ​ |  | 1,461 | ​ |  | 4,055 | ​ |  | (1,853) | ​ |  | 3,628
Change in cash | ​ | $ | 11,439 | ​ | $ | 3,364 | ​ | $ | 4,423 | ​ | $ | (33,948) | ​ | $ | (14,722)
​ Geographic Information Due to the highly integrated nature of international products and services, merchant banking activities and markets, and a significant portion of the Group’s activities requiring cross-border coordination in order to serve the Group’s customers and clients, the methodology for allocating the Group’s profitability to geographic regions is dependent on estimates and management judgment. Note 5. Business Segment Information (continued) Geographic results are generally determined as follows:
​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Basis for attributing revenue
Royalty | ​ | Locations of operations
Industrial | ​ | Locations of external customers or the reporting units, whichever is appropriate
Merchant Banking | ​ | Locations of external customers or the reporting units, whichever is appropriate
All Other | ​ | Locations of the reporting units
​ Due to the nature of cross-border business, the Group presents its geographic information by geographic regions, instead of by countries. The following table presents revenue from external customers by geographic region of such customers, locations of operations or the reporting units, whichever is appropriate: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Years ended December 31: |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Canada | ​ | $ | 47,537 | ​ | $ | 56,609 | ​ | $ | 39,493
Africa | ​ |  | 3,974 | ​ |  | 3,971 | ​ |  | 3,358
Americas, excluding Canada | ​ |  | 1,541 | ​ |  | 5,263 | ​ |  | 8,877
Asia | ​ |  | 4,951 | ​ |  | 286 | ​ |  | 604
Europe | ​ |  | 5,686 | ​ |  | 5,162 | ​ |  | 7,100
​ | ​ | $ | 63,689 | ​ | $ | 71,291 | ​ | $ | 59,432
​ Except for the geographic concentrations as indicated in the above table and a customer in the Royalty segment located in Canada representing approximately 45%, 56% and 53%, respectively, of the Group’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, there were no other revenue concentrations during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The following table presents non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred income tax assets and other non-current assets by geographic area based upon the location of the assets. ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
As at December 31: |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Canada | ​ | $ | 202,702 | ​ | $ | 276,081
Americas, excluding Canada | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | 5
Africa | ​ | ​ | 25,796 | ​ | ​ | 25,835
Asia | ​ |  | 104 | ​ |  | 1
Europe | ​ |  | 46,779 | ​ |  | 49,146
​ | ​ | $ | 275,443 | ​ | $ | 351,068
​

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