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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note 16—Income Taxes The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | 5,046 |  |  | $ | (1,193 | ) |  | $ | 1,930 |
Foreign |  |  | 1,988 |  |  |  | 3,372 |  |  |  | (560 | )
|  | $ | 7,034 |  |  | $ | 2,179 |  |  | $ | 1,370 |
The components of the provision/(benefit) for income taxes are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | (183 | ) |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 660 |
State |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 221 |
Foreign |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 368 |
|  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  | 1,249 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | (910 | ) |  | $ | (1,364 | )
State |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | (189 | ) |  |  | (282 | )
Foreign |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 8 |
|  |  | 211 |  |  |  | (1,021 | ) |  |  | (1,638 | )
|  | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | (389 | )
Total income tax provision/(benefit) differs from the expected tax provision/(benefit) as a result of the following:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Tax Provision at Statutory Rate |  | $ | 1,477 |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 288 |
Return to Provision Adjustment |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (207 | )
State Taxes, Net of Federal Tax Effect |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | (48 | )
Denmark Statutory Audit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Rate Differential |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 315 |
Change in Valuation Allowance |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | 256 |
Meals and Entertainment |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 31 |
Canada Withholding Taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | — |
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 107 |
Foreign Tax Credits |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (344 | )
Foreign Derived Intangible Income |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | (107 | )
Share Based Compensation |  |  | (95 | ) |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | (145 | )
R&D Credits |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | (157 | ) |  |  | (209 | )
Change in Reserves Related to ASC 740 Liability |  |  | (245 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (352 | )
PPP Loan Forgiveness |  |  | (937 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 26 |
|  | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | (389 | )
Our effective tax rate for 2022 was 8.6% compared to 41.1% in 2021 and (28.4)% in 2020. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2022 from 2021 is primarily related to the PPP loan forgiveness tax-exempt income. Specific items decreasing the effective tax rate include PPP loan forgiveness tax-exempt income, R&D tax credits, foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction, and change in reserves related to ASC 740 liabilities. This decrease was offset by state taxes, return to provision adjustments, and taxes on foreign earnings. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2021 from 2020 is primarily related to the change in mix of income between relevant jurisdictions in which we are subject to income taxes. Specific items increasing the effective tax rate include foreign rate differential, Denmark statutory audit adjustments, stock-based compensation, and Canada withholding taxes. This increase was offset by the foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction, the release of a valuation allowance in China, and R&D tax credits expected to be utilized. The components of deferred income tax expense arise from various temporary differences and relate to items included in the statement of income. The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|  | January 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred Tax Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory |  | $ | 2,159 |  |  | $ | 2,700 |
Honeywell Royalty Liability |  |  | 2,655 |  |  |  | 2,590 |
State R&D Credits |  |  | 1,925 |  |  |  | 1,546 |
Share-Based Compensation |  |  | 593 |  |  |  | 600 |
Bad Debt |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 245 |
Warranty Reserve |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 176 |
Compensation Accrual |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 159 |
Net Operating Loss |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 154 |
ASU 842 Adjustment – Lease Liability |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 125 |
Unrecognized State Tax Benefits |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 101 |
Foreign Tax Credit |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 83 |
Deferred Service Contract Revenue |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 68 |
Other |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 308 |
|  |  | 8,813 |  |  |  | 8,855 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated Tax Depreciation in Excess of Book Depreciation |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | 752 |
Intangibles |  |  | 767 |  |  |  | 399 |
ASU 842 Adjustment – Lease Liability |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 119 |
Other |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 307 |
|  |  | 1,630 |  |  |  | 1,577 |
Subtotal |  |  | 7,183 |  |  |  | 7,278 |
Valuation Allowance |  |  | (1,778 | ) |  |  | (1,721 | )
Net Deferred Tax Assets |  | $ | 5,405 |  |  | $ | 5,557 |
Deferred taxes are reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as follows: |  |  |
|  | January 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  | 5,651 |  |  |  | 5,941 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  | (246 | ) |  |  | (384 | )
Total Net Deferred Tax Assets |  | $ | 5,405 |  |  | $ | 5,557 |
The valuation allowances of $1.8 million at January 31, 2022 and $1.7 million at January 31, 2021, relate to domestic research and development tax credit carryforwards and foreign tax credit carryforwards which are expected to expire unused. At January 31, 2022, we had net operating loss carryforwards of $0.6 million in China, which expire in 2023 through 2027. We have net operating loss carryforwards of less than $0.1 million in France, which can be carried forward indefinitely. We expect to utilize the net operating loss carryforwards in China and France before expiration. At January 31, 2022, we had state research credit carryforwards of approximately $1.6 million which expire in 2022 through 2029. Additionally, we had $0.2 million of foreign tax credit s . We maintain a full valuation allowance against these credits as we expect these credits to expire unused. We believe that it is reasonably possible that some unrecognized tax benefits, accrued interest and penalties could decrease income tax expense in the next year due to either the review of previously filed tax returns or the expiration of certain statutes of limitation. The changes in the balances of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties are as follows:
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance , beginning of the year |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 618 |
Increases in prior period tax positions |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | — |
Increases in current period tax positions |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2 |
Reductions related to lapse of statutes of limitations |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Reductions related to settlement with tax authorities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (232 | )
Balance, end of the year |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 362 |
During fiscal 2022 and 2021, we released $211,000 and $50,000, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties relating to a change in various unrecognized tax positions. We have accrued potential interest and penalties of $95,000 included in Income Taxes Payable in the consolidated balance sheet at January 31, 2022. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in U.S. federal jurisdictions, various state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company was previously under audit by the IRS for the tax years ended January 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, but on June 6, 2019, we received formal communication regarding the close of the audit with no additional changes made by the IRS. Therefore, the reserves for federal uncertain tax positions relating to the years in question have been released. In fiscal 2020, we released $232,000 relating to the federal tax exposure for the years previously under audit and $74,000 of related interest (net of federal benefit) and penalties. U.S. income taxes have not been provided on $7.3 million of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries since it is our intention to permanently reinvest such earnings offshore. If the earnings were distributed in the form of dividends, the Company would not be subject to U.S. tax as a result of the Tax Act but could be subject to foreign income and withholding taxes. Determination of the amount of this unrecognized deferred income tax liability is not practical.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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