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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9.INCOME TAXES



Income tax expense is recorded relative to the jurisdictions that recognize book earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $2.1 million on pre-tax income of $10.9 million, representing an effective income tax rate of (18.9%) compared to an income tax expense of $2.6 million on pre-tax income of $12.0 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 21.3% for the same period in 2016.  



The difference between the income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 34% and the reported income tax expense are impacted by a number of items. The decrease in the effective tax rate compared to the same period in 2016 is primarily the result of the release of the U.S. valuation allowance in the third quarter of 2017 described below. The Company’s effective tax rate is generally lower because there is a lower statutory tax rate in the countries where the Company pays taxes, such as Austria, Mauritius, Canada and Poland, when compared to the United States. There is also a lower effective tax rate for the Company’s Canadian and Polish operations due to exchange rate benefits.  



During the third quarter of 2017, the Company released its $5.1 million U.S. valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets, resulting in a tax benefit. The Company analyzed the likelihood of future realization of the U.S.’s deferred tax assets, including recent cumulative earnings by taxing jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income or loss, the amount of net operating loss carryforwards not subject to limitations, the number of periods it will take to realize the net operating loss carryforwards and other relevant factors. Based on this analysis, the Company concluded that the operations in the U.S. had attained a sustained level of profitability sufficient to realize its deferred tax assets in the U.S., and thus reduce its valuation allowance.