Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Current
Federal	$	913	$	230	$	(965)
State and local	550		161		(39)
Foreign	223		72		—
Total current expense (benefit)	1,686		463		(1,004)
Deferred
Federal	5,746		4,611		(2,221)
State and local	377		48		416
Foreign	—		—		—
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	6,123		4,659		(1,805)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	7,809	$	5,122	$	(2,809)

Income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to pretax income. The statutory income tax rates were 21% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and 35.0% for the year ended December 31, 2017. The reconciliations from the applicable statutory income tax rates to income tax (benefit) expense are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
At statutory rate	$	8,281	$	5,000	$	6,551
Non-deductible interest expense	—		—		—
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit	926		209		377
Foreign taxes	223		72		—
Federal tax deductions	(1,248)		238		(73)
Change in applicable tax rate	—		144		(8,468)
Provision to return permanent difference	7		(129)		(767)
Refund claims	(29)		(120)		(201)
Fuel tax credit	(176)		(243)		(166)
Foreign tax credit	(175)		(49)		—
Other	—		—		(62)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	7,809	$	5,122	$	(2,809)

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves and accruals	$	463	$	918
Prepaid expenses and other	958		1,086
Federal net operating losses	—		7,391
State net operating losses	—		106
Operating lease liabilities	6,385		—
Total deferred tax assets	7,806		9,501
Deferred tax liabilities:

Depreciation and amortization	(25,531)		(27,399)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(6,296)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(31,827)		(27,399)

Deferred tax liabilities, long-term, net	$	(24,021)	$	(17,898)

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, based on the Company’s future income projections and reversal of taxable temporary differences, management determined it was more likely than not that the Company will be able to realize the benefits of the deductible temporary differences. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company determined no valuation allowance was necessary.

The Company has evaluated its tax positions taken as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and believes all positions taken would be upheld under examination from income taxing authorities. Therefore, no liability for the effects of uncertain tax positions has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 or 2018. The Company is open to examination by taxing authorities beginning with the 2014 tax year.