On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act which introduced and revised numerous provisions which include, but are not limited to, (a) a five-year carryback period for net operating losses arising in tax years beginning tax after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021, (b) a technical correction to qualified improvement property for assets placed in service after 2017 through 2022 to allow for immediate depreciation to be claimed on these assets, and (c) temporary increases to the limitations on certain deductions such as interest expense and charitable contributions.

As a result of the CARES Act, the Company recorded a current tax benefit of $9.7 million related to the anticipated benefit to be received from the carryback of net operating losses, including those related to depletion deduction, to tax years with a 35% corporate tax rate. The Company will continue to monitor and consider available benefits under the CARES Act for which it qualifies, including those described above.

On December 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”). The legislation includes additional coronavirus (COVID-19) relief that expands upon the relief provided in the CARES Act and a number of tax provisions. Tax provisions under the CAA include, but are not limited to, (a) the extension for employers to pay certain deferred payroll taxes and (b) the extension and revision of employer retention credits. Although the Company is currently evaluating the impact of CAA, it does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Current
Federal	$	(10,175)	$	913	$	230
State and local	(9)		550		161
Foreign	(223)		223		72
Total current (benefit) expense	(10,407)		1,686		463
Deferred
Federal	(2,497)		5,746		4,998
State and local	(76)		377		48
Foreign	—		—		—
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(2,573)		6,123		5,046
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(12,980)	$	7,809	$	5,509

Income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to pretax income. The statutory income tax rates were 21% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The reconciliations from the applicable statutory income tax rates to income tax (benefit) expense are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
At statutory rate	$	5,245	$	8,281	$	5,378
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit	(99)		926		209
Foreign taxes	(223)		223		72
Federal tax deductions	(5)		(1,248)		238
Change in applicable tax rate	478		—		144
Provision to return permanent difference	(20)		7		(129)
Refund claims	(159)		(29)		(120)
Fuel tax credit	(90)		(176)		(243)
Foreign tax credit	153		(175)		(49)
Foreign branch loss	50		—		—
Gain on bargain purchase	(8,316)		—		—
NOL carryback/carryforward	(10,046)		—		—
Other	52		—		9
Total income tax (benefit) expense	$	(12,980)	$	7,809	$	5,509

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves and accruals	$	200	$	463
Prepaid expenses and other	1,645		571
Federal net operating losses	379		—
State net operating losses	125		—
Operating lease liabilities	7,771		6,385
Total deferred tax assets	10,120		7,419
Deferred tax liabilities:

Depreciation and amortization	(35,735)		(25,531)
Foreign net operating losses	(50)		—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(7,316)		(6,296)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(43,101)		(31,827)

Deferred tax liabilities, long-term, net	$	(32,981)	$	(24,408)

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, based on the Company’s future income projections and reversal of taxable temporary differences, management determined it was more likely than not that the Company will be able to realize the benefits of the deductible temporary differences. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company determined no valuation allowance was necessary.

The Company has evaluated its tax positions taken as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and believes all positions taken would be upheld under examination from income taxing authorities. Therefore, no liability for the effects of uncertain tax positions has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 or 2019. The Company is open to examination by taxing authorities beginning with the 2015 tax year.