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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act which introduced and revised numerous provisions which include, but are not limited to, (a) a five-year carryback period for net operating losses arising in tax years beginning tax after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021, (b) a technical correction to qualified improvement property for assets placed in service after 2017 through 2022 to allow for immediate depreciation to be claimed on these assets, and (c) temporary increases to the limitations on certain deductions such as interest expense and charitable contributions.

As a result of the CARES Act, the Company recorded a current tax benefit of $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the anticipated benefit to be received from the carryback of net operating losses, including those related to depletion deduction, to tax years with a 35% corporate tax rate. The amended returns related to depletion deduction and net operating loss carrybacks were filed in 2021. The Company will continue to monitor and consider available benefits under the CARES Act for which it qualifies, including those described above.

On December 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”). The legislation includes additional coronavirus (COVID-19) relief that expands upon the relief provided in the CARES Act and a number of tax provisions. Tax provisions under the CAA include, but are not limited to, (a) the extension for employers to pay
certain deferred payroll taxes and (b) the extension and revision of employer retention credits. Although the Company is currently evaluating the impact of CAA, it does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Current   
Federal$1,404 $(10,175)$913 
State and local125 (9)550 
Foreign— (223)223 
Total current (benefit) expense1,529 (10,407)1,686 
Deferred
Federal(10,133)(2,497)5,746 
State and local(413)(76)377 
Foreign— — — 
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense(10,546)(2,573)6,123 
Total income tax (benefit) expense$(9,017)$(12,980)$7,809 

Income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to pretax income. The statutory income tax rates were 21% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The reconciliations from the applicable statutory income tax rates to income tax (benefit) expense are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
At statutory rate$(12,535)$5,245 $8,281 
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit(757)(99)926 
Foreign taxes— (223)223 
Federal tax deductions357 (5)(1,248)
Change in applicable tax rate286 478 — 
Provision to return permanent difference340 (20)7 
R&D credits67 (159)(29)
Fuel tax credit(125)(90)(176)
Foreign tax credit— 153 (175)
Foreign branch loss— 50 — 
Gain on bargain purchase— (8,316)— 
Unrecognized tax benefits2,163 — — 
NOL carryback/carryforward1,186 (10,046)— 
Other— 52 — 
Total income tax (benefit) expense$(9,017)$(12,980)$7,809 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 20212020
Deferred tax assets:  
Reserves and accruals$377 $200 
Prepaid expenses and other1,457 1,645 
Federal net operating losses9,818 379 
State net operating losses781 125 
Operating lease liabilities7,458 7,771 
Total gross deferred tax assets19,891 10,120 
Less valuation allowance(1,574)— 
Total net deferred tax assets18,317 10,120 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization(33,904)(35,735)
Foreign net operating losses(50)(50)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(6,797)(7,316)
Total deferred tax liabilities(40,751)(43,101)
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term, net$(22,434)$(32,981)

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. A valuation allowance should be recorded if, based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be related. At December 31, 2021, the Company determined it was more likely than not that it will not be able to fully realize the benefits of certain existing deductible temporary differences and has recorded a partial valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets on its consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $1,574 and a corresponding increase to the income tax expense on its consolidated statements of operations. There was no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020.

The Company has recorded a liability of $2,172 for unrecognized tax benefits included on its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, related to its depletion deduction methodology, and a corresponding increase to the income tax expense on its consolidated statements of operations. There was no liability for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2020. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Unrecognized tax benefits
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020$— 
      Additions based on prior year positions2,172 
      Decreases due to settlements and /or reduction in reserves— 
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021$2,172 
The Company’s federal income tax returns subsequent to 2017 remain open to audit by taxing authorities. The Company has not been informed that its tax returns are the subject of any audit or investigation by taxing authorities.