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Acquisitions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions Asset Acquisition - Blair Facility On March 4, 2022, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with HCR and Blair, pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interest of Blair from HCR for aggregate cash consideration of $6,450, subject to customary purchase price adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The primary assets of Blair consist of an idle frac sand mine and related processing facility located in Blair, Wisconsin. The Blair facility, once operational, will have approximately 2.9 million tons of total annual processing capacity and contains an onsite, unit train capable rail terminal with access to the Class 1 Canadian National Railway. The Company accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition based on an evaluation of the guidance in ASC 805. The Company determined that there was not a substantive process in place that generates outputs that can be sold to a customer, and therefore the acquisition did not meet the definition of a business. The Company recognized identifiable assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. All assets acquired were allocated to property, plant and equipment on the acquisition date. The Company also recorded an initial increase to its asset retirement obligations and a corresponding increase in purchases of property plant and equipment in the amount of $8,281 and subsequently revised the estimate to $1,988, based on its current mine plan as of December 31, 2022. The table below presents the calculation of the total purchase consideration:
Base price consideration |  | $ | 6,450 |
Net working capital adjustments and capitalized costs |  | 97 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 6,547 |
Business Combination - Eagle Proppants Holdings On September 18, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Eagle Materials Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Eagle”), pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding interests in Eagle Oil and Gas Proppants Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Eagle (“Eagle Proppants Holdings”), from Eagle for aggregate non-cash consideration of approximately $2,080. In satisfaction of the purchase price, the Company issued to Eagle 1,504 shares of its common stock; the Company issued an additional 14 shares of its common stock in January 2021 as settlement of the net working capital adjustment. The number of shares issued was determined by the weighted average trading price of the Company’s common stock over the twenty days preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement. The primary assets of Eagle Proppants Holdings and its subsidiaries include two frac sand mines and related processing facilities in Utica, Illinois and New Auburn, Wisconsin, with approximately 3.5 million tons of total combined annual processing capacity, 1.6 million tons of which has access to the BNSF rail line through the Peru, Illinois transload facility. The table below presents the calculation of the total purchase consideration:
Base price consideration |  | $ | 2,000 |
20-day volume weighted average price of Smart Sand stock |  | $ | 1.33 |
Shares issued |  | 1,504 |
Closing share price on September 18, 2020 |  | $ | 1.37 |
Total equity issued |  | $ | 2,060 |
Net working capital adjustment |  | $ | 20 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 2,080 |
The Company’s allocation of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition was calculated as follows:
|  |  |  | Fair Value
Assets Acquired |  |
| Cash |  | $ | 309 |
| Accounts receivable |  | 75 |
| Inventory |  | 2,459 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 124 |
| Property, plant and equipment |  | 60,310 |
| Right-of-use assets |  | 9,603 |
|  | Total assets acquired |  | 72,880 |
Liabilities Assumed |  |
| Accounts payable |  | 16 |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 2,008 |
| Asset retirement obligations |  | 8,424 |
| Operating lease liabilities |  | 9,603 |
| Deferred income taxes |  | 11,149 |
|  | Total liabilities assumed |  | 31,200 |
|  | Estimated fair value of net assets acquired |  | $ | 41,680 |
The estimated aggregate fair value of the net assets acquired was $41,680, which exceeds the total consideration and results in a bargain purchase gain of $39,600 on the acquisition date, which is included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company believes that the seller wanted to exit the business relatively quickly and that there were a limited number of potential buyers due to the downturn in the market. The Company determined the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on the highest and best use of such assets as required by GAAP. Cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities are based on underlying assets and liabilities whose carrying value approximates fair value. The Company acquired $2,050 of contractual receivables; however, it does not expect to collect on $1,975 as these customers are in bankruptcy proceedings. The fair value of inventory was determined using market prices the Company expects to receive for the inventory when it is sold. Operating leases are considered to be at market rates and the fair values of the associated operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets were determined using the Company’s lease accounting policies. The fair value of the asset retirement obligations was calculated consistently with the Company’s other asset retirement obligations and includes assumptions about inflation and discount rates over time to represent the estimated future cost of dismantling, restoring and reclaiming the plant and mines in accordance legal obligations. Deferred income taxes represent the temporary differences between future expenses for GAAP purposes and income tax purposes at the Company’s applicable enacted tax rate. The Company determined the fair values of the property, plant and equipment with the assistance of external valuation specialists. The fair value is based on the highest and best use, as required by GAAP, which was determined to be the orderly liquidation value rather than the value imputed by other valuation methods. During the fourth quarter 2020, the Company finalized the deferred tax liability impacts of the acquisition, resulting in a $289 reduction to the initial gain on bargain purchase. The Company’s allocation of the purchase price was complete as of December 31, 2020. Total acquisition costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $891, which is included in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The following represents unaudited pro forma consolidated revenue and income before income tax expense as if Eagle Proppants Holdings had been included in the consolidated results of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2020. These amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Eagle Proppants Holdings to reflect the depreciation and accretion expense that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and asset retirement obligations as well as equipment rent that would have been recorded based on the acquired right-of-use assets.
|  | Year ended December 31,
|  | 2020
|  | (unaudited)
Revenues |  | $ | 131,189 |
Income before income tax expense |  | $ | 23,173 |
From the date of acquisition through December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $3,161 and $3,021 of revenue and loss before income tax expense, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=128092470&loc=d3e4946-128472 + Details
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