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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act which introduced and revised numerous provisions which include, but are not limited to, (a) a five-year carryback period for net operating losses arising in tax years beginning tax after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021, (b) a technical correction to qualified improvement property for assets placed in service after 2017 through 2022 to allow for immediate depreciation to be claimed on these assets, and (c) temporary increases to the limitations on certain deductions such as interest expense and charitable contributions.

As a result of the CARES Act, the Company recorded a current tax benefit of $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the anticipated benefit to be received from the carryback of net operating losses, including those related to depletion deduction, to tax years with a 35% corporate tax rate. The amended returns related to depletion deduction and net operating loss carrybacks were filed in 2021. The Company will continue to monitor and consider available benefits under the CARES Act for which it qualifies, including those described above.
On December 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”). The legislation includes additional coronavirus (COVID-19) relief that expands upon the relief provided in the CARES Act and a number of tax provisions. Tax provisions under the CAA include, but are not limited to, (a) the extension for employers to pay certain deferred payroll taxes and (b) the extension and revision of employer retention credits. Although the Company is currently evaluating the impact of CAA, it does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Current   
Federal$96 $1,404 $(10,175)
State and local895 125 (9)
Foreign— — (223)
Total current (benefit) expense991 1,529 (10,407)
Deferred
Federal(3,148)(10,133)(2,497)
State and local(1,048)(413)(76)
Foreign— — — 
Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense(4,196)(10,546)(2,573)
Total income tax (benefit) expense$(3,205)$(9,017)$(12,980)

Income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to pretax income. The statutory income tax rates were 21% for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The reconciliations from the applicable statutory income tax rates to income tax (benefit) expense are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
At statutory rate$(821)$(12,535)$5,245 
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit(162)(757)(99)
Foreign taxes— — (223)
Federal tax deductions(3,299)357 (5)
Change in applicable tax rate26 286 478 
Provision to return permanent difference(17)340 (20)
R&D credits(209)67 (159)
Fuel tax credit(142)(125)(90)
Foreign tax credit— — 153 
Foreign branch loss— — 50 
Gain on bargain purchase— — (8,316)
Unrecognized tax benefits70 2,163 — 
NOL carryback/carryforward14 1,186 (10,046)
Nondeductible asset basis909 — — 
Compensation deduction limitation426 — — 
Other— — 52 
Total income tax benefit$(3,205)$(9,017)$(12,980)

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 20222021
Deferred tax assets:  
Reserves and accruals$2,560 $377 
Prepaid expenses and other1,137 1,457 
Federal net operating losses11,184 9,818 
State net operating losses763 781 
Operating lease liabilities6,605 7,458 
Total gross deferred tax assets22,249 19,891 
Less valuation allowance(1,588)(1,574)
Total net deferred tax assets20,661 18,317 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization(32,822)(33,904)
Foreign net operating losses(50)(50)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(6,027)(6,797)
Total deferred tax liabilities(38,899)(40,751)
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term, net$(18,238)$(22,434)

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. A valuation allowance should be recorded if, based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be related. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company determined it was more likely than not that it will not be able to fully realize the benefits of certain existing deductible temporary differences and has recorded a partial valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets on its consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $1,588 and $1,574, respectively.

The Company has recorded a liability of $2,240 and $2,163, for unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions included on its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Unrecognized tax benefits
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021$2,163 
      Additions based on prior year positions77 
      Decreases due to settlements and /or reduction in reserves— 
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022$2,240 
The Company’s federal income tax returns subsequent to 2017 remain open to audit by taxing authorities. The Company has not been informed that its tax returns are the subject of any audit or investigation by taxing authorities.