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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes On August 16, 2022, the President signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”). Tax provisions under the IRA include, but are not limited to, (a) a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax for certain large corporations that have at least $1.0 billion adjusted financial statement income over a three-year period effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, and (b) a 1% excise tax on corporate stock repurchases after January 1, 2023. Although the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the IRA, it does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (181) |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 1,404 |
State and local | (969) |  |  | 895 |  |  | 125 |
Foreign | 386 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total current (benefit) expense | (764) |  |  | 991 |  |  | 1,529 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (4,869) |  |  | (3,148) |  |  | (10,133) |
State and local | (1,268) |  |  | (1,048) |  |  | (413) |
Foreign | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total deferred income tax benefit | (6,137) |  |  | (4,196) |  |  | (10,546) |
Total income tax benefit | $ | (6,901) |  |  | $ | (3,205) |  |  | $ | (9,017) |
Income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rates to pretax income. The statutory income tax rates were 21% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The reconciliations from the applicable statutory income tax rates to income tax (benefit) expense are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
At statutory rate | $ | (473) |  |  | $ | (821) |  |  | $ | (12,535) |
State taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit | (1,554) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (757) |
Foreign taxes | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Federal tax deductions | (3,231) |  |  | (3,299) |  |  | 357 |
Change in applicable tax rate | (436) |  |  | 26 |  |  | 286 |
Provision to return permanent difference | (810) |  |  | (17) |  |  | 340 |
R&D credits | (149) |  |  | (209) |  |  | 67 |
Fuel tax credit | (181) |  |  | (142) |  |  | (125) |
Unrecognized tax benefits | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 2,163 |
NOL carryback/carryforward | (714) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,186 |
Nondeductible asset basis | 342 |  |  | 909 |  |  | — |
Compensation deduction limitation | — |  |  | 426 |  |  | — |
Total income tax benefit | $ | (6,901) |  |  | $ | (3,205) |  |  | $ | (9,017) |
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Reserves and accruals | $ | 1,928 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 1,373 |  |  | 1,137 |
Federal net operating losses | 15,980 |  |  | 11,184 |
State net operating losses | 1,595 |  |  | 763 |
Operating lease liabilities | 5,688 |  |  | 6,605 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 26,564 |  |  | 22,249 |
Less valuation allowance | (874) |  |  | (1,588) |
Total net deferred tax assets | 25,690 |  |  | 20,661 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | (32,361) |  |  | (32,822) |
Foreign net operating losses | (50) |  |  | (50) |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | (5,380) |  |  | (6,027) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (37,791) |  |  | (38,899) |
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term, net | $ | (12,101) |  |  | $ | (18,238) |
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. A valuation allowance should be recorded if, based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be related. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company determined it was more likely than not that it will not be able to fully realize the benefits of certain existing deductible temporary differences and has recorded a partial valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets on its consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $874 and $1,588, respectively. The Company has recorded a liability of $2,240 for unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions included on its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
|  | Unrecogized tax benefits
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 2,163 |
Additions based on prior year positions |  | 77 |
Decreases due to settlements and /or reduction in reserves |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 2,240 |
Additions based on prior year positions |  | — |
Decreases due to settlements and /or reduction in reserves |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 2,240 |
The Company’s federal income tax returns subsequent to 2019 remain open to audit by taxing authorities. The Company has not been informed that its tax returns are the subject of any audit or investigation by taxing authorities.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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