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Note 3 - Financial Instruments | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | 3. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis or disclosed at fair value, are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to measure their fair values. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about how fair value is determined. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance also establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows: Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date; Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. The Company’s short-term investments consisting of U.S. Treasury bill securities and Certificate of Deposits are classified as Level 1 because they are valued using quoted market prices. The following table shows the Company’s short-term investments by significant investment category as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
|  | As of June 30, 2024 |
|  | Adjusted |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Market |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market Funds |  | $ | 1,406 |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,406 |
Certificate of Deposits |  |  | 2,500 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,500 |
Total Financial Assets |  | $ | 3,906 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 3,906 |
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |
|  | Adjusted |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Market |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market Funds |  |  | 1,793 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,793 |
Certificate of Deposits |  |  | 7,500 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,500 |
Total Financial Assets |  | $ | 9,293 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,293 |
Unrealized gains or losses resulting from our short-term investments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss as they are classified as available for sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 as well as the six months ended June 30, 2023, no gain (loss) was recorded to comprehensive loss, respectively. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The subsequent measurement of the warrant liabilities as of June 30, 2024, is classified as Level 3 due to the use of an observable market quote in a non-active market and the management’s assumption of the expected stock price volatility. The following table presents the fair value in the beginning of the period, the changes in the fair value, and the fair value at the end of the period of warrant liabilities:
Level 3: |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Fair value at inception for December 31, 2023 or the beginning of the period for June 30, 2024 |  | $ | (19,703 | ) |  | $ | (7,717 | )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 6,917 |  |  |  | (11,986 | )
Fair value as of period end |  | $ | (12,786 | ) |  | $ | (19,703 | )
The Company uses the modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of warrant liabilities. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to compute the fair value of the Company’s warrants:
|  | As of June 30, 2024 |  |  | As of December 31, 2023 |
Expected stock price volatility |  |  | 167 | % |  |  | 143 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 4.38 | % |  |  | 3.85 | %
Dividends yield |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Expected life of warrants (years) |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 4.50 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 1.45 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |
Our other financial instruments also include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and customer deposits. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their fair values approximate their carrying values on the balance sheet.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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