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Note 10 - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]
 
 
December 31,
2015
 
 
December31,
2014
 
Research and development
  $ 597,554     $ 526,331  
General and administrative
    1,497,532       1,080,616  
                 
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 2,095,086     $ 1,606,947  
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]
 
 
2015
 
 
2014
 
Risk-free interest rate
    1.84%     1.82% - 2.03%  
Expected life in years
    6.0       6.0    
Expected volatility
    68%     70% - 71%  
Expected dividend yield
             
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding and Exercisable [Table Text Block]
 
 
Shares of
Common Stock
 
 
Weighted-
Average Per
Share Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining Contractual
Life
(in years)
 
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 
Vested
    1,861,953     $ 4.22       6.7     $ -  
Expected to vest
    1,149,545       3.69       8.5       -  
Total
    3,011,498     $ 4.01       7.4     $ -  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Exercisable
 
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
 
Weighted-
Average Per
Share Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining Contractual
life (in years)
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
 
Weighted-
Average Per
Share
Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining Contractual
life (in years)
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
    389,436     $ 11.77       3.9       367,110     $ 11.10       3.9  
Granted
    3,287,181       3.71                                  
Exercised
                                           
Forfeited or expired
    (28,370 )     33.99                                  
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
    3,648,247     $ 5.44       8.8       1,072,111     $ 9.49       7.2  
Granted
    6,650       1.90                                  
Exercised
                                           
Forfeited or expired
    (643,399 )     6.28                                  
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
    3,011,498     $ 4.01       7.4       1,861,952     $ 4.22       6.7