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Note 12 - Stock-based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 12. Stock-Based Compensation Upon consummation of the Merger, all outstanding options to purchase Diffusion Units were converted into stock options to purchase the Company’s common stock on terms substantially identical to those in effect prior to the reverse merger, except for adjustments to the underlying number of shares and the exercise price based on the Exchange Ratio. At the time of the Merger, there were 301,156 stock options that were exercisable for shares of the Company’s common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $40.13 per share. 2015 Equity Plan The 2015 Equity Plan, as amended in July 2016, currently allows for the issuance of up to a maximum of 500,000 shares of common stock in connection with the grant of stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other types of awards as deemed appropriate, not including shares subject to awards assumed in connection with certain transactions, including the Merger. As of December 31, 2016, there were 40,507 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2015 Equity Plan. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2017, on each January 1 st through the term of the plan, up to 4.0% of the total shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of December 31 st will be added to the plan reserve, unless a lesser amount is stipulated by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. On January 1, 2017, the maximum number of shares of the 2015 Equity Plan increased by 413,825 shares, or 4.0% of the total shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding at December 31, 2016. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:
|  | Year ended December 31 , |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Research and development |  | $ | 674,643 |  |  | $ | 309,579 |
General and administrative |  |  | 716,425 |  |  |  | 284,596 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,391,068 |  |  | $ | 594,175 |
The following table summarizes the activity related to all stock option grants to employees and non-employees for the year ended December 31, 2016:
|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price per share |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (A) |
Balance at January 1, 2016 |  |  | 1,495,615 |  |  | $ | 3.92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RestorGenex options outstanding |  |  | 301,156 |  |  |  | 40.13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | (48,190 | ) |  |  | 61.30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 458,828 |  |  |  | 6.25 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 2,207,409 |  |  | $ | 8.09 |  |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | $94,599 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 1,446,121 |  |  | $ | 9.36 |  |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | $94,599 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 2,203,011 |  |  | $ | 8.09 |  |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | $94,599 |
| (A) | The difference, if positive, between the stock option’s exercise price and the closing price of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2016.
Generally, the options have a ten (10) year contractual term and vest in equal monthly installments over three (3) years. In August 2016, the Company granted an option to purchase 204,907 shares of Common Stock to a director in connection with the director’s appointment to the board of directors. The options will vest in equal quarterly installments over ten (10) years and any options exercised are restricted from being sold until August 2021. Non-employee Stock Options Non-employee options are remeasured to fair value each period through operations using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model until the options vest. There were no stock options granted to non-employees during the year ended December 31, 2016. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the non-employee stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 included risk-free interest rates of 1.9% to 2.4%, an expected volatility of 125.8% to 127.4%, no expected dividend yield and an expected term equal to the remaining contractual option term. The total fair value of non-employee stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The weighted average stock price used to determine the fair value of non-employee stock options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $8.27 and $1.90, respectively. At December 31, 2016, there was $75.0 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to 42,963 unvested stock options and subject to re-measurement until vested. The total unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year. Employee Stock Options The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards granted to employees was $5.55 and $2.25 during the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. No options were exercised during any of the periods presented. At December 31, 2016, there was $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options that will be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 6.02 years. The grant date fair value of employee stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes model. The following assumptions were used during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
| 2016 |  | 2015 |
Expected term (in years) | 5.76 | - | 7.48 |  |  | 5.76 |  |
Risk-free interest rate | 1.2% | - | 2.0% |  | 2.1% | - | 2.3% |
Expected volatility | 106.8% | - | 125.5% |  | 125.6% | - | 125.8% |
Dividend yield |  | 0% |  |  |  | 0% |  |
Restricted Stock Awards As of December 31, 2016, there were 9,198 unvested shares of restricted stock. During the year ended December 31, 2016, 6,140 shares vested. The fair value as of the respective vesting dates of the restricted stock awards was $12.0 thousand and $6.0 thousand for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The grant date fair value of each restricted stock award granted during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $1.97. There were no restricted stock awards granted in 2016. At December 31, 2016, there was $18.0 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock that will be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65895303&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=68057994&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27013229&loc=d3e301413-122809 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 + Details
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