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Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | 13. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:
● | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● | Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
● | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.
The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The reconciliation of the common stock warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 ) is as follows:
|  | Common Stock Warrant Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2017 |  | $ | — |
Issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock |  |  | 35,225,846 |
Change in fair value |  |  | (22,072,322 | )
Reclassification of Series A warrants to additional paid in capital |  |  | (13,153,524 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | — |
The common stock warrants issued in connection with the Series A convertible preferred stock were previously classified as liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, and were marked-to-market each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as either income or expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations until the warrants were exercised, expired or other facts and circumstances lead the liability to be reclassified to stockholders’ equity. In November 2017, the Company effected an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation to permit the Company to pay dividends on the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock in either cash or shares of the Company’s Common Stock. As a result of this amendment, the warrants were reclassified on the consolidated balance sheet from liabilities to stockholders’ equity in the fourth quarter of 2017. The fair value of the warrant liability was estimated using the Black-Scholes model and assumptions used to value the warrant liability as of November 1, 2017, which was the date of the reclassification, were as follows:
Stock price |  | $ | 21.60 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 33.30 |
Expected term (in years) |  |  | 4.38 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.9 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 104.1 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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