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Note 5 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (10Q) | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Notes to Financial Statements |  |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] |
5. | Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that could be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value determination in accordance with applicable accounting guidance requires that a number of significant judgments be made. Additionally, fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate assets for impairment or as required for disclosure purposes by applicable accounting guidance on disclosures about fair value of financial instruments. Depending on the nature of the assets and liabilities, various valuation techniques and assumptions are used when estimating fair value. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including prepaid expense and accounts payable are shown at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. The guidance requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
| • | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
| • | Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liabilities.
| • | Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
The following table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (amounts in thousands):
|  | Fair value measurement at reporting date |
|  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 14,014,584 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 14,014,584 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,994,090 |  |  |  | — |
US treasury |  |  | — |  |  |  | 997,680 |  |  |  | — |
Total marketable securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,991,770 |  |  | $ | — |
Total financial assets |  | $ | 14,014,584 |  |  | $ | 2,991,770 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,424,170 |  |  |  | — |
US treasury |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,984,770 |  |  |  | — |
Total marketable securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,408,940 |  |  | $ | — |
Total financial assets |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | 12,408,940 |  |  | $ | — |
The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 marketable securities are estimated primarily based on benchmark yields, reported trades, market-based quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications, which represent a market approach. In general, a market approach is utilized if there is readily available and relevant market activity for an individual security. This valuation technique may change from period to period, based on the relevance and availability of market data. | 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is the price that could be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value determination in accordance with applicable accounting guidance requires that a number of significant judgments be made. Additionally, fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate assets for impairment or as required for disclosure purposes by applicable accounting guidance on disclosures about fair value of financial instruments. Depending on the nature of the assets and liabilities, various valuation techniques and assumptions are used when estimating fair value. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including prepaid expense and accounts payable are shown at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. The guidance requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: • Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. • Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liabilities. • Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The following table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
|  | Fair value measurement at reporting date |
|  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,424,170 |  |  | $ | — |
US treasury |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,984,770 |  |  |  | — |
Total marketable securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,408,940 |  |  | $ | — |
Total financial assets |  | $ | 8,526,786 |  |  | $ | 12,408,940 |  |  | $ | — |
The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 marketable securities are estimated primarily based on benchmark yields, reported trades, market-based quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications, which represent a market approach. In general, a market approach is utilized if there is readily available and relevant market activity for an individual security. This valuation technique may change from period to period, based on the relevance and availability of market data.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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