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Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

3. Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values:

 

Description

 

Financial Assets

 

 

Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

As at December 31, 2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Cash equivalents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Money market funds

 

$

2,535

 

 

$

2,535

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

 Marketable securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 U.S. Treasury notes

 

 

7,439

 

 

 

7,439

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

 Total financial assets

 

$

9,974

 

 

$

9,974

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Cash equivalents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Money market funds

 

$

2,455

 

 

$

2,455

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

 Marketable securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 U.S. Treasury notes

 

 

7,526

 

 

 

7,526

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

 Total financial assets

 

$

9,981

 

 

$

9,981

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

When developing fair value estimates, the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to measure the fair value. The valuation technique used to measure fair value for the Company’s Level 1 assets is a market approach, using prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets. If market prices are not available, the fair value measurement is based on models that use primarily market-based parameters including yield curves, volatilities, credit ratings and currency rates. In certain cases where market rate assumptions are not available, the Company is required to make judgements about assumptions market participants would use to estimate the fair value of a financial instrument.

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no transfers between fair value measure levels.

Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation

The Company determined that its obligation to issue, and the Company’s investors’ obligation to purchase, additional Series A Preferred Shares at a fixed price (i.e., the issuance price) in subsequent tranches following the initial closing of the Series A Preferred Share financing represented a freestanding financial instrument, the Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation. The freestanding financial instrument was classified as an asset or liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and initially recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value for each reporting period recognized in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (Note 9).

In connection with the Company’s issuance of the Series A Preferred Shares in June 2017 (Note 9), the Company recognized the Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation at the initial fair value which was determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the obligation was estimated based on results of a third-party valuation. This obligation is remeasured prior to the issuance of subsequent tranches and at each subsequent reporting period. As such, the proceeds from the Series A Preferred Share financing were allocated between the Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation and Series A Preferred Shares using the residual method, with the Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation being recorded at its fair value and the Series A Preferred Shares at the residual value.

Each tranche obligation is valued as a forward contract. The values were determined using a probability-weighted present value calculation. In determining the fair values of the tranche obligations, estimates and assumptions impacting fair value included the estimated future values of the Company’s Series A Preferred Shares, discount rates, estimated time to liquidity and probability of each tranche closing. The Company determined the per share future value of the Series A Preferred Shares by back-solving to the initial proceeds of the Series A Preferred Share financing. The Company remeasured each tranche obligation at each reporting period and prior to settlement.

The Company recorded other expense of $1.35 million for changes in the fair value of the Series A Preferred Share Tranche Obligation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019. Upon completion of the IPO in June 2020, all issued and outstanding Preferred Shares were converted into common shares.