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Note 12 - Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements |
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] |
( 12 ) | Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended October 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 consists of:
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 |  | Current |  |  | Deferred |  |  | Total |
U.S. Federal |  | $ | 14,163 |  |  | $ | (49,281 | ) |  | $ | (35,118 | )
State |  |  | 18,467 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,467 |
Totals |  | $ | 32,630 |  |  | $ | (49,281 | ) |  | $ | (16,651 | )
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2017 |  | Current |  |  | Deferred |  |  | Total |
U.S. Federal |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
State |  |  | (5,438 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,438 | )
Totals |  | $ | (5,438 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,438 | )
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 |  | Current |  |  | Deferred |  |  | Total |
U.S. Federal |  | $ | 35,118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,118 |
State |  |  | (29,219 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29,219 | )
Totals |  | $ | 5,899 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,899 |
Reported income tax expense for the years ended October 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 differs from the “expected” tax expense (benefit), computed by applying the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate of 23.17% in fiscal year 2018 and 34% in fiscal years 2017 and 2016 to income before income taxes as follows:
|  | Years ended October 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
“Expected” income taxes (benefit) |  | $ | 243,772 |  |  | $ | (593,031 | ) |  | $ | (610,332 | )
Increase (reduction) in income tax expense (benefit) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Remeasurement of deferred taxes related to the Tax Act |  |  | 1,272,517 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 2,641 |  |  |  | (29,422 | ) |  |  | (79,386 | )
Meals and Entertainment |  |  | 24,661 |  |  |  | 32,119 |  |  |  | 29,783 |
Provision to return reconciliation adjustment |  |  | (57,118 | ) |  |  | 18,064 |  |  |  | 8,760 |
Other differences, net |  |  | 964 |  |  |  | 4,503 |  |  |  | 12,084 |
Change in valulation allowance |  |  | (1,504,088 | ) |  |  | 562,329 |  |  |  | 644,990 |
Reported income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (16,651 | ) |  | $ | (5,438 | ) |  | $ | 5,899 |
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017, lowers the statutory federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The reduction of the statutory federal corporate tax rate to 21% became effective on January 1, 2018. Because the Company’s fiscal year 2018 commenced on November 1, 2017, the annual statutory federal corporate tax rate applicable to fiscal year 2018 is a blended rate of 23.17%. Beginning in fiscal year 2019, the annual statutory federal corporate tax rate will be 21%. As a result of the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate, the Company remeasured its net deferred tax assets and the corresponding valuation allowance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 which is the period that includes the enactment date of the Tax Act. The Company estimates the reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset is approximately $1.3 million, which will be offset by the change in valuation allowance of $1.3 million. As of October 31, 2018, the Company has completed its analysis of the revaluation of its net deferred tax assets and there were no material changes to the discrete adjustment recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. The Tax Act also repealed the corporate AMT for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and provides that existing AMT credit carryforwards are refundable in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has recorded $49,281 of AMT credit carryforwards that are expected to be fully refunded between fiscal years 2019 and 2022. This amount is a deferred tax asset for which a valuation allowance is not necessary and is presented as income taxes refundable-noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2018. The Company continues to assess the impacts of the Tax Act on future fiscal years as well as analyze applicable information and data, and interpret any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and others. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of October 31, 2018 and 2017 are presented below:
|  | October 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, due to allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns |  | $ | 36,779 |  |  | $ | 71,085 |
Inventories, due to allowance for damaged and slow-moving inventories and additional costs inventoried for tax purposes pursuant to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 |  |  | 780,446 |  |  |  | 1,088,631 |
Liabilities recorded for accrued expenses, deductible for tax purposes when paid |  |  | 472,641 |  |  |  | 114,713 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 474,163 |  |  |  | 265,027 |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 528,939 |  |  |  | 2,099,195 |
AMT credit carryforwards |  |  | 49,281 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 59,219 |  |  |  | 118,119 |
Total gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 2,401,468 |  |  |  | 3,756,770 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (2,118,487 | ) |  |  | (3,622,575 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 282,981 |  |  |  | 134,195 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plant and equipment, due to differences in depreciation and capital gain recognition |  |  | (231,672 | ) |  |  | (130,626 | )
Other receivables, due to accrual for financial reporting purposes |  |  | (2,028 | ) |  |  | (3,569 | )
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (233,700 | ) |  |  | (134,195 | )
Net deferred tax asset |  | $ | 49,281 |  |  | $ | — |
As a result of the acquisition of AOS, the Company recorded certain deferred tax assets totaling $1,517,605 (after purchase accounting adjustments), related to gross net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $4,455,525, estimated to be available after considering Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitations. As of October 31, 2018, $1,232,000 of these gross NOL carryforwards remain unused and may be used to reduce future taxable income. These remaining gross NOL carryforwards begin to expire in fiscal year ending October 31, 2028. Additionally, the Company has federal and state gross NOL carryforwards of $724,453 and $677,738, respectively; originating with fiscal years 2015 and 2016, and will not begin to expire until fiscal year 2031. For the years ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company considered all positive and negative evidence available to assess whether it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. For each year, the Company concluded that in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes , the negative evidence outweighed the objectively verifiable positive evidence. As a result, the Company established a valuation allowance of $2,118,487 and $3,622,575, respectively, against net deferred tax assets existing as of October 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company estimates a liability for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The liability for uncertain tax positions is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2018 and 2017 follows:
|  | October 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Unrecognized tax benefits balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 65,549 |  |  | $ | 78,322 |
Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years |  |  | (7,708 | ) |  |  | (12,773 | )
Gross increases for current year tax positions |  |  | 2,306 |  |  |  | — |
Unrecognized tax benefits balance at end of year |  | $ | 60,147 |  |  | $ | 65,549 |
During fiscal year 2018, the Company accrued interest of $5,635 and reduced accrued penalties by $1,927 related to unrecognized tax benefits. During fiscal year 2017, the Company reduced accrued interest and penalties by $4,633 and $3,194, respectively, related to unrecognized tax benefits. As of October 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had approximately $40,469 and $36,761, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized is $41,520 and $36,336 as of October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly in the next 12 months. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state jurisdictions. The statute of limitations remains open for U.S. and certain state income tax examinations for years ended October 31, 2015 through October 31, 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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