<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-21-055415.txt : 20211029
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-21-055415.hdr.sgml : 20211029
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20211029160055
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-21-055415
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		10
FILED AS OF DATE:		20211029
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20211029

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001173313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				260014658
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-260588
		FILM NUMBER:		211363205

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-668-0881

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	American BriVision (Holding) Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	METU BRANDS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150908

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ECOLOGY COATINGS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ea149471-s3_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>REGISTRATION STATEMENT
<TEXT>
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     <title></title>
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<p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>AS
FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON October 29, 2021</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>REGISTRATION
NO. 333-__________</b></font></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FORM
S-3</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ABVC
BIOPHARMA, INC.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><u>Nevada</u></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
or other jurisdiction of</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">incorporation
or organization)</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>26-0014658
</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I.R.S.
Employer Identification Number</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>44370
Old Warm Springs Blvd.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fremont,
CA 94538</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Tel:
(510) 668-0881</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Howard
Doong </b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Chief
Executive Officer</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ABVC
BioPharma, Inc.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>44370
Old Warm Springs Blvd.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fremont,
CA 94538</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Tel:
(510) 668-0881</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Copies
to:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Louis
Taubman, Esq.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Hunter
Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>800
Third Avenue, Suite 2800</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>New
York, NY 10022</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(212)
202-6380</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check
the following box: &#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plants, check the following
box: &#9746;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
&#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective
upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional
securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo;,
&ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 19%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 31%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 22%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 28%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="white-space: nowrap">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</font></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. &#9744;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Title of each class of Securities to be registered</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amount to be registered<sup>(1)</sup></b></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposed maximum offering price per unit</b></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposed maximum aggregate offering price<sup>(2)</sup></b></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amount of registration fee<sup>(3)</sup></b></font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Common stock, par value $0.001 per share</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Warrants(4)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Subscription Rights</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Debt Securities</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Units(5)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">50,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,635.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
    are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of securities of each identified class of securities up to a proposed aggregate
    offering price not to exceed $50,000,000. The securities registered also include such indeterminate prices and numbers of securities
    as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for or exercise of any securities registered hereunder, including under any applicable
    anti-dilution provisions.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
    no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed
    $50,000,000.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Calculated
    pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The total amount is being paid herewith.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes
    warrants to purchase common stock and warrants to purchase preferred stock.</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    of the securities registered hereunder may be sold separately, or as units with other securities registered hereby. We will determine
    the proposed maximum offering price per unit when we issue the above listed securities. The proposed maximum per unit and aggregate
    offering prices per class of securities will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by
    the registrant of the securities registered under this registration statement and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant
    to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the
registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective
in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date
as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&nbsp;</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

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    <div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red">The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement
relating to these securities that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red">(Subject
to Completion, Dated <b>[&#9679;]</b>)</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PROSPECTUS</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$50,000,000</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ABVC
BioPharma, Inc.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Common
Stock</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Preferred
Stock</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subscription
Rights</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Debt
Securities</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Units</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may from time to time, in one
or more offerings at prices and on terms that we will determine at the time of each offering, sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants,
or a combination of these securities, or units, for an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000. This prospectus describes the general
manner in which our securities may be offered using this prospectus. Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide you with
a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Any prospectus supplement may also add,
update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement
as well as the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you purchase any of the securities
offered hereby.</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock, par value $.001 per share, is currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo;. As of the date of this
prospectus, none of the other securities that we may offer by this prospectus is listed on any national securities exchange or automated
quotation system.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of October 29, 2021,
the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was $26,214,277.12, based on the closing
price of $2.56 on October 28, 2021. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12
calendar months prior to and including the date of this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to General Instruction
I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell our common stock in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of
our public float in any 12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75,000. We have not offered any securities pursuant
to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12 calendar months prior to and including the date of this prospectus.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
securities offered by this prospectus involve a high degree of risk. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page 3, in addition
to Risk Factors contained in the applicable prospectus supplement.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined
if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may offer the securities directly or through agents or to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents or underwriters are involved
in the sale of the securities their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among
them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in an accompanying prospectus supplement. We can sell
the securities through agents, underwriters or dealers only with delivery of a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms
of the offering of such securities. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus is dated October 29, 2021</font></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Table
of Contents</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Page</b></font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_001"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">ii</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_002"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">ii</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_003"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABOUT ABVC</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_004"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RISK FACTORS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_005"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_006"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DILUTION</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_007"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_008"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_009"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL MATTERS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">19</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_010"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXPERTS</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">19</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_011"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">19</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_012"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE</font></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>You
should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not
authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. If
any person does provide you with information that differs from what is contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, you
should not rely on it. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained
in this prospectus. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only
as of the date on the front of the document and that any information contained in any document we have incorporated by reference is accurate
only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement or any sale of a security. These documents are not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities
by anyone in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not authorized, or in which the person is not qualified to do so
or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_001"></a>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of a registration
statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo; registration process. Under this
shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one of more offerings up to
a total dollar amount of proceeds of $50,000,000. This prospectus describes the general manner in which our securities may be offered
by this prospectus. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about
the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents
incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The prospectus supplement that contains specific information about the terms of the securities
being offered may also include a discussion of certain U.S. Federal income tax consequences and any risk factors or other special considerations
applicable to those securities. To the extent that any statement that we make in a prospectus supplement is inconsistent with statements
made in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, you should rely on the information in the prospectus
supplement. You should carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described
under &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; before buying any securities in this offering.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
the context otherwise requires, references to &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo; &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;
in this prospectus mean ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC., a Nevada corporation, on a consolidated basis with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as applicable.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_002"></a>CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus and the documents and information incorporated by reference in this prospectus include forward-looking statements within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are based on our management&rsquo;s beliefs and assumptions and on information
currently available to our management. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency,
goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
statements in this prospectus and the documents and information incorporated by reference in this prospectus that are not historical
facts are forward-looking statements. We may, in some cases, use terms such as &ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo;
&ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;expects,&rdquo; &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;plans,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo;
&ldquo;predicts,&rdquo; &ldquo;projects,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;would&rdquo; or similar expressions
or the negative of such items that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify forward-looking statements. &ldquo;Common
Stock&rdquo; is the Common Stock of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-looking
statements are made based on management&rsquo;s beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date the statements are made and we undertake
no obligation to update forward-looking statements if these beliefs, estimates and opinions or other circumstances should change, except
as may be required by applicable law. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable,
we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_003"></a>ABOUT
ABVC</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Overview</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC
BioPharma, Inc., formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&rsquo;s operating
entity, American BriVision Corporation (&ldquo;BriVision&rdquo;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages
in biotechnology to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants.
BriVision develops its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions
in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify
drugs that BriVision believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately
commercialization, BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical
plan to highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At
present, clinical trials for the Company&rsquo;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions as Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (&ldquo;MSKCC&rdquo;) and MD Anderson Cancer Center. BriVision had no predecessor operations prior to its
formation on July 21, 2015.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medicines
derived from plants have a long history of relieving or preventing many diseases and, typically, have exhibited fewer side effects than
drugs developed from animals or chemical ingredients. Perhaps the most famous example is aspirin, which evolved from a compound found
in the bark and leaves of the willow tree and was later marketed by Bayer starting in 1899. Aspirin has very few serious side effects
and has proven to be one of the most successful drugs in medical history. Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds
in the rosy periwinkle, which Eli Lilly subsequently produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease. Other well-known examples
of successful botanical drugs include the cancer-fighting Taxol, isolated from the Pacific yew tree.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company develops its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in
the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&rsquo;s scientists
and other specialists known to the Company to identify drugs that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&rsquo;s
internal qualifications. Once a drug is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization, BriVision
licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly respected
principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, we have found that research institutions in
each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Currently,
institutions that have or are now conducting phase II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators:
                                            Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta
                                            Li, MD, Ph.D &ndash; Taipei Veterans General Hospital</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase II Part 1 completed.
                                            NCE drug Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University
                                            of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator:
                                            Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. &ndash; Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, NCE drug Principal
                                            Investigator: Andrew E. Hendifar, MD &ndash; Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following trials are expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2021 and first quarter of 2022:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical
                                            Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&reg; in vitrectomy surgery, Pivotal Study in Australia, Principal
                                            Investigator: Andrew Chang, MD, Ph.D., Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1501, A Phase I/II, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BLEX 404
                                            Oral Liquid Combined with Docetaxel Monotherapy in Patients with Stage IV or Recurrent Breast
                                            Cancer Patients</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
successful completion of the Phase II trial, the Company will seek a partner &ndash; a large pharmaceutical company &ndash; to complete
a Phase III study, submit the New Drug Application (NDA), and commercialize the drug upon approval by the FDA and Taiwan FDAs. The Company
expects to seek its first commercialization partner in 2021 for Vitargus, its vitreous substitute that helps to maintain a round shape
and retinal location during vitrectomy surgery.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Another
part of the Company&rsquo;s business is conducted by BioKey, a wholly owned subsidiary, that is engaged in a wide range of services,
including, API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies,
IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 8, 2019, the Company, BioLite Holding, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;), BioKey, Inc. (&ldquo;BioKey&rdquo;), BioLite Acquisition
Corp., a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and BioKey Acquisition Corp., a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company
completed the business combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated January 31, 2018, pursuant to which the
Company acquired BioLite and BioKey via issuing shares of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock to the shareholders of BioLite and BioKey.
As a result, BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company on February 8, 2019. The Company issued an aggregate
of 104,558,777 shares of Common Stock (prior to the reverse stock split in 2019) to the shareholders of both BioLite and BioKey under
a registration statement on Form S-4 (file number 333-226285), which became effective by operation of law on or about February 5, 2019.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. BioLite&rsquo;s
key subsidiaries include BioLite BVI, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September
13, 2016 and BioLite, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite Taiwan&rdquo;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan
has been in the business of developing new drugs for over ten years.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
and BioLite BVI are holding companies and have not carried out substantive business operations of their own.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2017, BioLite, BioLite BVI, BioLite Taiwan, and certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan entered into a share purchase / exchange
agreement (the &ldquo;BioLite Share Purchase / Exchange Agreement&rdquo;). Pursuant to the BioLite Share Purchase / Exchange Agreement,
the shareholder participants to the BioLite Share Purchase / Exchange Agreement sold their equity in BioLite Taiwan and used the proceeds
from such sales to purchase shares of Common Stock of BioLite at the same price per share, resulting in their owning the same number
of shares of Common Stock as they owned in BioLite Taiwan. Upon closing of the Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement in August 2017, BioLite
owns, via BioLite BVI, approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who did not enter this Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement
retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioKey
was incorporated on August 9, 2000 in the State of California. It is engaged primarily in research and development, manufacturing, and
distribution of generic drugs and nutraceuticals with strategic partners. BioKey provides a wide range of services, including, API characterization,
pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and
manufacturing clinical trial materials (phase 1 through phase 3) and commercial manufacturing. It also licenses out its technologies
and initiates joint research and development processes with other biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical companies.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive offices are located at 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538. Our telephone number is: (510) 668-0881.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

</div>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_004"></a>RISK
FACTORS</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investing
in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should consider carefully the risks, uncertainties
and other factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent quarterly reports
on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business, affairs, prospects, assets, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected
by these risks. For more information about our SEC filings, please see &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_005"></a>USE
OF PROCEEDS</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities under this prospectus
for general corporate purposes, including for general working capital purposes, which may include the repayment of outstanding debt.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_006"></a>DILUTION</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
required, we will set forth in a prospectus supplement the following information regarding any material dilution of the equity interests
of investors purchasing securities in an offering under this prospectus:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    net tangible book value per share of our equity securities before and after the offering;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    amount of the increase in such net tangible book value per share attributable to the cash payments made by purchasers in the offering;
    and</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    amount of the immediate dilution from the public offering price which will be absorbed by such purchasers.</font></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a name="a_007"></a>DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue from time to time, in one or more offerings the following securities:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares
                                            of common stock;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares
                                            of preferred stock;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">debt
                                            securities;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">warrants
                                            exercisable for debt securities, common stock or preferred stock;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">rights
                                            to purchase any of such securities; and</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">units
                                            of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or warrants, in any combination.</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus contains a summary of the material general terms of the various securities that we may offer. The specific terms of the securities
will be described in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or related free writing prospectus, which may be
in addition to or different from the general terms summarized in this prospectus. Where applicable, the prospectus supplement, information
incorporated by reference or related free writing prospectus will also describe any material United States federal income tax considerations
relating to the securities offered and indicate whether the securities offered are or will be listed on any securities exchange. The
summaries contained in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplements, information incorporated by reference or related free writing
prospectus may not contain all of the information that you would find useful. Accordingly, you should read the actual documents relating
to any securities sold pursuant to this prospectus.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
terms of any particular offering, the initial offering price and the net proceeds to us will be contained in the prospectus supplement,
information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, relating to such offering.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Common
Stock</i></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the date hereof, there are
26,824,671 shares of our Common Stock issued and outstanding. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to cast one vote for each share on
all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of directors. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive
ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Board out of funds legally available therefore. Such holders do not have any
preemptive or other rights to subscribe for additional shares. All holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in any assets
for distribution to shareholders upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to prior distribution rights
of preferred stock then outstanding. There are no conversions, redemptions or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock.
All outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Preferred
Stock</i></b><i>&nbsp;</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof, there is no preferred stock outstanding, including the class of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. Pursuant to
the articles of incorporation of the Company, the Board of Directors is expressly granted the authority to issue preferred stock up to
20,000,000 shares and prescribe its designations. On June 28, 2019, the Company filed a certificate of designation (the &ldquo;Series
A COD&rdquo;) of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the &ldquo;Series A Stock&rdquo;) with the Secretary of the State of Nevada, pursuant
to which the Company designated 3,500,000 shares of preferred stock as Series A Stock, par value of $0.001 per share.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following description of the Series A Stock is not complete. The Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors has the authority, without further
action by the shareholders, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more other series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges
and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock. Any or all of these rights may be greater than the rights of the Company&rsquo;s
Common Stock. These descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation, as amended,
and the certificate of designation relating to each such series.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Dividends</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our
capital stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support operations
and to finance the growth and development of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of
our Board, subject to applicable laws and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual
restrictions and capital requirements. Our future ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock may also be limited by the terms
of any debt instruments or preferred securities issued in the future.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Conversion
Rights</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
share of Series A Stock is initially convertible at any time at the option of the holders into one share of Common Stock and automatically
converts into one share of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Conversion Ratio&rdquo;) on its four-year anniversary of issuance and without the
payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
fractional shares shall be issued upon conversion of Series A Stock into Common Stock and no payment. In lieu of delivering fractional
shares, we will pay to the holder, to the extent permitted by law, an amount in cash equal to the current fair market value of such fractional
share as determined in good faith by our Board.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Voting
Rights</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of shares of the Series A Stock vote on an as converted basis with the holders of our Common Stock.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of shares of Series A Stock were entitled to receive a cash dividend at the per annum rate of an amount equal to the product of 5% multiplied
by the public offering price per share of the shares that were to be sold pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-228387) initially filed on November 14, 2018, but has since been withdrawn. Therefore, the Series A Stock is not eligible for dividends
at this time.&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Conversion
Rights</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
share of Series A Stock is initially convertible at any time at the option of the holders into one share of Common Stock and automatically
converts into one share of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Conversion Ratio&rdquo;) on its four-year anniversary of issuance and without the
payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
fractional shares shall be issued upon conversion of Series A Stock into Common Stock and no payment. In lieu of delivering fractional
shares, we will pay to the holder, to the extent permitted by law, an amount in cash equal to the current fair market value of such fractional
share as determined in good faith by our Board. &nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>No
Maturity, Sinking Fund or Mandatory Redemption</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Series A Stock has no maturity date and we are not required to redeem the Series A Stock at any time. However, we may choose to convert
all the outstanding shares of the Series A Stock into our Common Stock at the same Conversion Ratio at any time, provided that we have
prepaid and distributed all the dividend accrued and to be accrued at the end of the four-year period since issuance thereof. Accordingly,
the Series A Stock will remain outstanding until automatically converted to Common Stock on the four-year anniversary of issuance, unless
the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or we choose to convert the Series A Stock into the Common Stock. The Series
A Stock is also not subject to any sinking fund.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
of Rights</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue rights to purchase our securities. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the rights.
In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or
other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after
such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agent agreement to be entered into between us and
one or more banks, trust companies or other financial institutions, as rights agent that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency
or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other
matters:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate amount of securities purchasable upon
                                            exercise of the rights;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            exercise price;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            conditions to completion of the rights offering;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the rights
                                            will expire; and</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            applicable federal income tax considerations.</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for cash the principal amount of securities at the exercise price set forth
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the
rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will
become void.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons
other than our security holders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant
to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
of Warrants</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue warrants to purchase our Common Stock or preferred shares. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other
securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing and may be attached to, or separate
from, such securities. To the extent warrants that we issue are to be publicly-traded, each series of such warrants will be issued under
a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally
to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe in particular the terms of any series of warrants that we may
offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered
under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another
report that we file with the SEC, the form of the warrant and/or warrant agreement, if any, which may include a form of warrant certificate,
as applicable that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we may offer before the issuance of the related series of
warrants. We may issue the warrants under a warrant agreement that we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. The
warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency
or trust for or with any registered holders of warrants or beneficial owners of warrants. The following summary of material provisions
of the warrants and warrant agreements is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the form of
warrant and/or warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable
prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the complete form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and
warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
particular terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            title of the warrants;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            designation, amount and terms of the securities or other rights for which the warrants are
                                            exercisable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with which the warrants are to be
                                            issued and the number of warrants issued with each other security;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            aggregate number of warrants;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise
                                            of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            price or prices at which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the
                                            warrants may be purchased;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
                                            applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the securities or other rights purchasable
                                            upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                            discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise
                                            of the warrants;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the
                                            right will expire;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            maximum or minimum number of warrants that may be exercised at any time;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">information
                                            with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the
                                            exchange and exercise of the warrants.</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Exercise
of Warrants</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase the number of Common Stock or preferred shares of the relevant class or series
at the exercise price stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up
to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus
supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be
exercised in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes
and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus
supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the securities or other rights that the warrant holder has purchased. If the warrant
holder exercises less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the
remaining warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all
or part of the exercise price for warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the exercise of any warrants to purchase Common Stock or preferred shares of the relevant class or series, holders of the warrants
will not have any of the rights of holders of Common Stock or preferred shares purchasable upon exercise, including the right to vote
or to receive any payments of dividends or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the Common Stock or preferred
shares purchasable upon exercise, if any.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Outstanding
Warrants</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the date of this prospectus,
we have 545,182 and 5,912,030 options and warrants, respectively of the Company outstanding.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
of Units</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the
material terms and provisions of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply
generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more
detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus
supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are
set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another
report we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we may offer under this prospectus,
and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material terms and provisions
of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental
agreements applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free
writing prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue units comprised of Common Stock or preferred shares and warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder
of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations
of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the
unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date. If we offer any units, certain terms
of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            title of the series of units;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">identification
                                            and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            price or prices at which the units will be issued;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be
                                            separately transferable, if applicable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of
                                            the securities comprising the units;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                            discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units;
                                            and</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            other material terms of the units and their constituent securities.</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions described in this section, as well as those described under &ldquo;Description of Share Capital &ndash; Common Stock and Preferred
Shares&rdquo; and &ldquo;Description of Warrants&rdquo; will apply to each unit and to any Common Stock, preferred shares or warrant
included in each unit, respectively.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Issuance
in Series</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue units in such amounts and in numerous distinct series as we determine.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Enforceability
of Rights by Holders of Units</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and
will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act
as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under
the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make
any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce
by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We,
the unit agents and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced
by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any
notice to the contrary.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
of Debt Securities</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material
terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will generally
apply to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities
that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus
supplement may differ from the terms we describe below. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may issue notes under senior or subordinated indentures or, separately, without the use of an indenture. If we issue senior or subordinated
notes without the use of an indenture, we will issue such senior or subordinated notes directly to the purchasers of such senior or subordinated
notes.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we issue senior notes under a senior indenture, we will enter into such subordinated indenture with the trustee to be named in such senior
indenture. If we issue subordinated notes under a subordinated indenture, we will enter into such subordinated indenture with the trustee
to be named in such subordinated indenture. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,
or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of such notes and indentures, if any, that describes
the terms of the particular note we may offer under this prospectus, and any supplement agreements, before the issuance of the related
note. We use the term &ldquo;indentures&rdquo; to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
indentures will be qualified under the&nbsp;Trust Indenture Act of 1939. References to the&nbsp;Trust Indenture Act of 1939&nbsp;include
all amendments thereto. We use the term &ldquo;debenture trustee&rdquo; to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee,
as applicable.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summaries of material provisions of the senior notes, the subordinated notes and the indentures are subject to, and qualified
in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities, and all
supplements thereto. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this
prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the
terms of the senior and the subordinated indentures are identical.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
statements and descriptions in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement regarding provisions of debt securities and any indentures
are summaries of these provisions, do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference
to, all of the provisions of the debt securities and the indentures (including any amendments or supplements we may enter into from time
to time which are permitted under the debt securities or any indenture).</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>General</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or
determined in the manner provided in an officers&rsquo; certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in
separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt
securities of any series. In addition, the particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement
relating to such series, including any pricing supplement. The prospectus supplement will set forth, among other things:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            title;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total
                                            amount outstanding;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            limit on the amount that may be issued;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
                                            or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so, the terms and
                                            who the depositary will be;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            maturity date;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
                                            and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities
                                            held by a person who is not a U.S. person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the
                                            debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate,
                                            the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular
                                            record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt, if applicable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            place where payments will be payable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">restrictions
                                            on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we may, at our
                                            option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption
                                            provisions, and any other applicable terms of those redemption provisions;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory
                                            sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&rsquo;s
                                            option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which
                                            the debt securities are payable;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
                                            the indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to, among
                                            other things:</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">incur
                                            additional indebtedness;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issue
                                            additional securities;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">create
                                            liens;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pay
                                            dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital stock of
                                            our subsidiaries;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">redeem
                                            capital stock;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">place
                                            restrictions on our subsidiaries&rsquo; ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer
                                            assets;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">make
                                            investments or other restricted payments;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sell
                                            or otherwise dispose of assets;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter
                                            into sale-leaseback transactions;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">engage
                                            in transactions with stockholders and affiliates;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issue
                                            or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effect
                                            a consolidation or merger;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
                                            the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based,
                                            asset-based or other financial ratios;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">information
                                            describing any book-entry features;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">provisions
                                            for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
                                            the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered
                                            at an &ldquo;original issue discount&rdquo; as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of
                                            the Internal Revenue Code;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations
                                            of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
                                            other than dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will be denominated;
                                            and</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt
                                            securities, including any events of default that are in addition to those described in this
                                            prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition
                                            to those described above, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable
                                            laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.</font></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Conversion
or Exchange Rights</i></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for
Common Stock, preferred shares or other securities of ours or a third party, including the conversion or exchange rate, as applicable,
or how it will be calculated, and the applicable conversion or exchange period. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or
exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our securities
or the securities of a third party that the holders of the series of debt securities receive upon conversion or exchange would, under
the circumstances described in those provisions, be subject to adjustment, or pursuant to which those holders would, under those circumstances,
receive other property upon conversion or exchange, for example in the event of our merger or consolidation with another entity.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Consolidation, Merger or Sale</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures in the forms
initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not contain any covenant that restricts
our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However,
any successor of ours or the acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures and the debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the debt securities are
convertible for our other securities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions
for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted
the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Events of Default Under the Indenture</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following are events of
default under the indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement with respect to any series of debt
securities that we may issue:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for
payment has not been extended or deferred;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                    </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if we fail to pay the principal, sinking fund payment or premium, if any, when due and payable and the
time for payment has not been extended or delayed;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                            </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures,
other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive
notice from the debenture trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable
series; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                     </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an event of default with
respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above,
the debenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series,
by notice to us in writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium,
if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs
with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due
and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the debenture trustee or any holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to
the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless
we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the terms of the
indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation
to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series
of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to
the debt securities of that series, provided that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">subject to its duties under the&nbsp;Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the debenture trustee need not take
any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A
holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver
or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:</P>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><td style="text-align: justify">the holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                             </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><td style="text-align: justify">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request,
and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><td style="text-align: justify">the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                   </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These limitations do not apply
to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the
debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will periodically file
statements with the debenture trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Modification of Indenture; Waiver</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We and the debenture trustee
may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                              </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to comply with the provisions described above under &ldquo;Consolidation, Merger or Sale&rdquo;;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                               </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under
the&nbsp;Trust Indenture Act of 1939;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                               </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount,
terms or purposes of issuance, authorization and delivery of debt securities or any series, as set forth in the indenture;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                    </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities
of any series as provided under &ldquo;General&rdquo; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to
the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                               </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection
of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions,
conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture; or</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                           </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities
of any series.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, under the indentures,
the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders
of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, we and
the debenture trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                             </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing
any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                            </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment,
supplement, modification or waiver.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<I>Discharge</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each indenture provides that
we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except that the following obligations,
among others survive until the maturity date or the redemption date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                               </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">maintain paying agencies;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                        </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">hold monies for payment in trust; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                    </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">appoint any successor trustee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">and
the following obligations survive the maturity date or the redemption date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">recover excess money held by the debenture trustee; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                      </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As more fully set forth in
the indentures, in order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must either deliver for cancellation all securities of a series to
the debenture trustee or must deposit with the debenture trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of,
any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Form, Exchange and Transfer</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will issue the debt securities
of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement,
in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in
temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company,
New York, New York, known as DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the option of the holder,
subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement,
the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any
authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the terms of the
indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt
securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed
thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any
transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer
or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other
governmental charges.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will name in a board resolution
the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities.
We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office
through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt
securities of each series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we elect to redeem the
debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part
during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities
that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                               </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#9679;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part,
except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The debenture trustee, other
than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically
set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use the same degree of
care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee
is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless
it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Payment and Paying Agents</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless we otherwise indicate
in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the
person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular
record date for the interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will name in the applicable
board resolution any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain
a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All money we pay to a paying
agent or the debenture trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed
at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the
debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Governing Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indentures and the debt
securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the&nbsp;Trust
Indenture Act of 1939&nbsp;is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The subordinated debt securities
will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement.
The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit
the amount of indebtedness that we may incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing
any other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Anti-Takeover Provisions </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain provisions
of Nevada law, our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person
from acquiring control of the Company</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I></I></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Nevada Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Nevada&rsquo;s &ldquo;combinations
with interested stockholders&rdquo; statutes (NRS 78.411 through 78.444, inclusive) prohibit specified types of business &ldquo;combinations&rdquo;
between certain Nevada corporations and any person deemed to be an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; for two years after such person
first becomes an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; unless the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors approves the combination (or the
transaction by which such person becomes an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo;) in advance, or unless the combination is approved by
the board of directors and sixty percent of the corporation&rsquo;s voting power not beneficially owned by the interested stockholder,
its affiliates and associates. Furthermore, in the absence of prior approval certain restrictions may apply even after such two-year period.
For purposes of these statutes, an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; is any person who is (1) the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly,
of ten percent or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation, or (2) an affiliate or associate of the
corporation and at any time within the two previous years was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of ten percent or more of
the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of the corporation. The definition of the term &ldquo;combination&rdquo; is sufficiently
broad to cover most significant transactions between a corporation and an &ldquo;interested stockholder.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Nevada&rsquo;s &ldquo;acquisition
of controlling interest&rdquo; statutes (NRS 78.378 through 78.3793, inclusive) contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling
interest in certain Nevada corporations. These &ldquo;control share&rdquo; laws provide generally that any person that acquires a &ldquo;controlling
interest&rdquo; in certain Nevada corporations may be denied voting rights, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholders of the
corporation elects to restore such voting rights. These laws would apply to us if we were to have 200 or more stockholders as of the record
date (at least 100 of whom have had addresses in Nevada appearing on our stock ledger at all times during the 90 days immediately preceding
such date) and do business in the State of Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation, unless the Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws in effect on the tenth day after the acquisition of a controlling interest provide otherwise. These laws provide that a person
acquires a &ldquo;controlling interest&rdquo; whenever a person acquires shares of a subject corporation that, but for the application
of these provisions of the NRS, would enable that person to exercise (1) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third, (2) one-third or
more, but less than a majority or (3) a majority or more, of all of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors.
Once an acquirer crosses one of these thresholds, shares which it acquired in the transaction taking it over the threshold and within
the 90 days immediately preceding the date when the acquiring person acquired or offered to acquire a controlling interest become &ldquo;control
shares&rdquo; to which the voting restrictions described above apply.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, NRS 78.139 also
provides that directors may resist a change or potential change in control if the board of directors determines that the change is opposed
to, or not in, the best interests of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The effect of these statutes
may be to potentially discourage parties interested in taking control of the Company from doing so if it cannot obtain the approval of
our board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Board of Directors Vacancies</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Generally, under NRS 78.335,
one or more of the incumbent directors may be removed from office by the vote of stockholders representing two-thirds or more of the voting
power of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote. In addition, if a court of competent jurisdiction, or other governmental entity
or regulatory agency with authority over the corporation requires, without providing any other reasonable and practicable alternative,
that any specified director cease to be a director in order for the corporation to obtain, or avoid the suspension, conditioning or revocation
of, any permit, license, registration, franchise, finding of suitability or similar authorization or approval required for the conduct
of all or any material portion of the business of the corporation or any of its affiliates taken as a whole and such requirement is not
appealable or has otherwise become final after declination or exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, then that specified director may be
removed as a director by not less than a majority of the voting power of the other directors, even if less than a quorum, acting at a
meeting and not by written consent and without a vote of the stockholders. The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws authorize the Board
to fill vacant directorships, although the shareholders can fill vacancies in certain situations.</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Cumulative Voting</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The NRS does not permit stockholders
to cumulate their votes other than in the election of directors, and then the company&rsquo;s articles of incorporation must specifically
provide for it. . The Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation as currently in effect are silent as to whether cumulative voting in the
election of directors is permitted; however, the Company&rsquo;s current bylaws allow for cumulative voting, so long as a shareholder
has given notice prior to commencement of the voting of the shareholder&rsquo;s intention to cumulate votes. If any shareholder has given
such a notice, then every shareholder entitled to vote may cumulate votes for candidates in nomination either (i) by giving one candidate
a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes to which that shareholder&rsquo;s shares
are normally entitled or (ii) by distributing the shareholder&rsquo;s votes on the same principle among any or all of the candidates,
as the shareholder thinks fit. The candidates receiving the highest number of affirmative votes, up to the number of directors to be elected,
shall be elected; votes against any candidate and votes withheld shall have no legal effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our common stock is Vstock Transfer, LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere,
NY 11598</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(212) 828-8436</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">https://www.vstocktransfer.com/</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="a_008"></a>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities
offered through this prospectus (i) to or through underwriters or dealers, (ii) directly to purchasers, including our affiliates, (iii)
through agents, or (iv) through a combination of any these methods. The securities may be distributed at a fixed price or prices, which
may be changed, market prices prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to the prevailing market prices, or negotiated prices. The
prospectus supplement will include the following information:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the terms of the offering;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the names of any underwriters or agents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the name or names of any managing underwriter or underwriters;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the purchase price of the securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the net proceeds from the sale of the securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any delayed delivery arrangements;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items constituting underwriters&rsquo; compensation;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any offering price;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any commissions paid to agents; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Sale Through Underwriters or Dealers</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Only underwriters named in
the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the sale,
the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase
agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions.
Underwriters may sell the securities in order to facilitate transactions in any of our other securities (described in this prospectus
or otherwise), including other public or private transactions and short sales. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either
through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters.
Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject
to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The
underwriters may change from time to time any offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If dealers are used in the
sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities
to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The prospectus supplement will include the names of the
dealers and the terms of the transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will provide in the applicable
prospectus supplement any compensation we will pay to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities,
and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Direct Sales and Sales Through Agents</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities
offered through this prospectus directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. Such securities may also be sold
through agents designated from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered
securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent
will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities
directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect
to any sale of those securities. The terms of any such sales will be described in the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Delayed Delivery Contracts</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the prospectus supplement
indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities
at the offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in
the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus
supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Market Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the applicable prospectus
supplement states otherwise, other than our common stock, all securities we offer under this prospectus will be a new issue and will have
no established trading market. We may elect to list offered securities on an exchange or in the over-the-counter market. Any underwriters
that we use in the sale of offered securities may make a market in such securities, but may discontinue such market making at any time
without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the securities will have a liquid trading market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any underwriter may also engage
in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Rule 104 under the Securities Exchange
Act. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or
maintaining the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after
the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Penalty bids permit the underwriters
to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a
syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty
bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of the transactions. The underwriters may, if
they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>General Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Agents, underwriters, and
dealers may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act. Our agents, underwriters, and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with
or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="a_009"></a>LEGAL MATTERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, will be
passed upon for us by Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC, New York, NY. The legality of the securities for any underwriters, dealers
or agents will be passed upon by counsel as may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="a_010"></a>EXPERTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KCCW Accountancy Corp. (&ldquo;KCCW&rdquo;),
an independent registered public accounting firm, audited our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as set forth in their report included therein, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on KCCW&rsquo;s report,
given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Material Changes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="a_011"></a>WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We file annual, quarterly
and special reports, along with other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC&rsquo;s
website at http://www.sec.gov; you can also find our filings on our company website: www.abvcpharma.com. You may also read and copy any
document we file at the SEC&rsquo;s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on the Public Reference Room.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of
a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC to register the securities offered hereby under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended. This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement, including certain exhibits
and schedules. You may obtain the registration statement and exhibits to the registration statement from the SEC at the address listed
above or from the SEC&rsquo;s internet site.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="a_012"></a>INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities and Exchange
Commission allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them under certain conditions, which means that we can disclose
important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part
of this prospectus and any information that we file subsequent to this prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Commission will automatically
update and supersede this information. The documents we are incorporating by reference are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021015729/f10k2020_americanbrivi.htm">Form 10-K</a> for the year ended December 31, 2020;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021041730/f10q0621_abvcbiopharma.htm">Form 10-Q</a> for the period ended June 30, 2021;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021025389/f10q0321_abvcbio.htm">Form 10-Q</a> for the period ended March 31, 2021;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021052090/ea148616-8k_abvcbiophar.htm">Form 8-K</a> filed on October 8, 2021;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e) </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021040497/ea145252-8k_abvcbiopharma.htm">Form 8-K</a> filed on August 5, 2021;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021031465/ea142391-8ka1_abvcbiopharma.htm">Form 8-K/A</a> filed on June 8, 2021; </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021024175/ea140258_8ka-abvcbiopharma.htm">Form 8-K/A</a> filed on May 3, 2021; </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h) </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021008287/ea135130-8k_americanbri.htm">Form 8-K</a> filed on February 11, 2021;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021000903/ea132646-8k_americanbrivi.htm">Form 8-K</a> filed on January 7, 2021; </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021001202/ea132975-8k_americanbrivis.htm">Form 8-K</a> filed on January 8, 2021; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k) </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the description of the Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, contained in the Registrant&rsquo;s registration statement on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021039717/ea144954-8a12b_abvcbiopharma.htm">Form 8-A</a> filed with the Commission on August 2, 2021 pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and all amendments or reports filed by us for the purpose of updating those descriptions. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All documents filed by us
pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the initial filing date of this prospectus, through the date
declared effective, until the termination of the offering of securities contemplated by this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated
by reference into this prospectus. These documents that we file later with the Securities and Exchange Commission and that are incorporated
by reference in this prospectus will automatically update information contained in this prospectus or that was previously incorporated
by reference into this prospectus. You will be deemed to have notice of all information incorporated by reference in this prospectus as
if that information was included in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will provide to any person,
including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated
by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus (excluding exhibits, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated),
at no cost to the requesting party, upon request to us in writing or by telephone using the following information:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">Howard Doong</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">Chief Executive Officer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Fremont, CA 94538</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">Tel: (510) 668-0881</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Disclosure of Commission Position on Indemnification
for Securities Act Liabilities.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing
provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other
than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the
securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit
to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>$50,000,000</b></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Warrants</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Rights</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Units</B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">October 29, 2021</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b></B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</I></B></P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
the costs and expenses payable by the registrant in connection with this offering, other than underwriting commissions and discounts,
all of which are estimated except for the SEC registration fee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,635<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounting fees and expenses </TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">]</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Legal fees and expenses </TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">]</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Miscellaneous expenses </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">Estimated expenses are not presently known because they depend
upon, among other things, the number of offerings that will be made pursuant to this registration statement, the amount and type of securities
being offered and the timing of such offerings; we cannot compute the total until the exact expenses are known.</td>
</tr></table>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and
Officers.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As authorized by Section 78.751
of the Nevada Revised Statutes, we may indemnify our officers and directors against expenses incurred by such persons in connection with
any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, involving
such persons in their capacities as officers and directors, so long as such persons acted in good faith and in a manner which they reasonably
believed to be in our best interests. If the legal proceeding, however, is by or in our right, the director or officer may not be indemnified
in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which he is adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his
duty to us unless a court determines otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Nevada law, corporations
may also purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer
(or is serving at our request as a director or officer of another corporation) for any liability asserted against such person and any
expenses incurred by him in his capacity as a director or officer. These financial arrangements may include trust funds, self-insurance
programs, guarantees and insurance policies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally, our bylaws,
provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Nevada Revised Statutes. We also
have power to indemnify our employees and other agents as set forth in the Nevada Revised Statutes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws also provide that
we are required to advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director
or officer, of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director or executive officer of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor,
all expenses incurred by any director or officer in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of
such person to repay said amounts if it should be determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under the bylaws
or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither our bylaws nor our
Articles of Incorporation, as amended, include any specific indemnification provisions for our officers or directors against liability
under the Securities Act. Additionally, insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to
directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Company has been advised
that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Item 16. Exhibits.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following documents are
filed as exhibits to this registration statement, including those exhibits incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing under the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as indicated in parentheses:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top; width: 9%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit</B><BR>
<B>Number</B></FONT></TD>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 90%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Document</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.1</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate** </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.2 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Preferred Share Certificate**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.3 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.4 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Agreement**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.5 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Unit Agreement**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.6</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea149471ex4-6_abvcbio.htm">Form of indenture with respect to senior debt securities, to be entered into between registrant and a trustee acceptable to the registrant, if any.*</a></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.7</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea149471ex4-7_abvcbio.htm">Form of indenture with respect to subordinated debt securities, to be entered into between registrant and a trustee acceptable to the registrant, if any.*</a></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.8</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of debt securities, if any**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.9</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Right Certificate, if any**</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.1 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea149471ex5-1_abvcbio.htm">Opinion of Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC*</a></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.1 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea149471ex23-1_abvcbio.htm">Consent of KCCW Accountancy Corp.*</a></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.2 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea149471ex5-1_abvcbio.htm">Consent of Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC (included in Exhibit 5.1)*</a></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24.1 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><a href="#poa"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (included in Part II of this Registration Statement)* </FONT></a></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25.1 </FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Statement of Eligibility of trustee on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 under the Senior Indenture+ </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25.2</FONT></TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Statement of Eligibility of trustee on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 under the Subordinated Indenture+</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a filing with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of securities to the extent required for any such offering.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">+</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To be filed pursuant to Rule 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act, if applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Item 17. Undertakings</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 96px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective registration statement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>provided, however,</I> Paragraphs (a)(1)(i),
(a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required
to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by
the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the
registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(A) Each prospectus filed
by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus
was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(B) Each prospectus required
to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an
offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form
of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the
prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date
shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which
that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made
in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration
statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that
was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such effective date; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) Any preliminary prospectus
or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) Any free writing prospectus
relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) The portion of any other
free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided
by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv) Any other communication
that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b) That for purposes of determining any liability
under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c) To supplement the prospectus, after the expiration
of any subscription period, to set forth the results of any subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during any subscription
period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof.
If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus,
a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(d) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to
the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, ABVC BioPharma, Inc. certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements
for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized,
in Taiwain on October 29, 2021.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><b>&nbsp;</b></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</b></font></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Howard Doong</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Howard Doong</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><a name="poa"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW BY ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS
that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Howard Doong as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and
agent with full power of substitution and re-substitution, to act, without the other, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any
and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, including any
subsequent registration statement for the same offering that may be filed under Rule 462(b), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto,
and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents
full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises,
as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, or any of them, their substitute may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 40%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Howard Doong</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 38%"><font style="font-size: 10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Howard Doong</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Eugene Jiang</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Business Officer</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Chihliang An</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Chihliang An</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Yen-Hsin Chou</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Shin-Yu Miao</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Shin-Yu Miao</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Tsang-Ming Jiang</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Tsang-Ming Jiang</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Ming-Fong Wu</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Norimi Sakamoto</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Tsung-Shann Jiang</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Strategy Officer and Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Tsung-Shann Jiang</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Chang-Jen Jiang</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Chang-Jen Jiang</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Yoshinobu Odaira</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Shih-Chen Tzeng</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Hwalin Lee</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Director</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</font></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><font style="font-size: 10pt">Hwalin Lee</font></td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

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<p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-5</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.6
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea149471ex4-6_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM OF INDENTURE WITH RESPECT TO SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES, TO BE ENTERED INTO BETWEEN REGISTRANT AND A TRUSTEE ACCEPTABLE TO THE REGISTRANT, IF ANY
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 4.6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ABVC
BioPharma, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Issuer</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[TRUSTEE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Trustee</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Dated as of [&#9679;], 20[&#9679;]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Senior Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 78%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions of Terms</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 2 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designation and Terms of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominations: Provisions for Payment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration of Transfer and Exchange</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authenticating Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment Upon Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">TABLE OF
CONTENTS</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 78%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Consolidation Provisions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 5 SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Moneys or Property Collected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking to Pay Costs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">TABLE OF
CONTENTS</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 78%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May Hold Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moneys Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Reimbursement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disqualification; Conflicting Interests</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceptance of Appointment By Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Action by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proof of Execution by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Who May be Deemed Owners</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions Binding on Future Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">TABLE OF
CONTENTS</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 78%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 10 SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company May Consolidate, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Entity Substituted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 11 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Discharge of Obligations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 12 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, SHAREHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 12.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Recourse</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect on Successors and Assigns</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions by Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surrender of Company Powers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing Law</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treatment of Securities as Debt</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments on Business Days</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separability</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-indent: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificates</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.25pt; padding-left: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>INDENTURE</B>, dated as of [&#9679;], 20[&#9679;],
among ABVC BioPharma, Inc., a Nevada corporation and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and
assigns (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, for its lawful corporate purposes,
the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of debt securities (hereinafter
referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more
series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, to provide the terms and conditions
upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, all things necessary to make this
Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>NOW, THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the
premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and
ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>DEFINITIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The terms defined in this Section (except as in
this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes
of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include
the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental
hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said
Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating Agent</I></B>&rdquo;
means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></B>&rdquo; means
Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Board of Directors</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Board Resolution</I></B>&rdquo; means
a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors
and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Business Day</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order
or regulation to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means
a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate Trust Office</I></B>&rdquo;
means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which
office at the date hereof is located at .</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo; means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Default</I></B>&rdquo; means any
event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security,
The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in
each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Event of Default</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, therein
designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Global Security</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant
to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or
its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental Obligations</I></B>&rdquo;
means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is
pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that,
in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of the Securities,
and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation
or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder
of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction
from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental
Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B>
and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>&rdquo;, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo; means this
instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto
entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Payment Date</I></B>&rdquo;,
when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security
or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo; means, with
respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer, chief
operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer,
the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</I></B>&rdquo;
means a certificate signed by any two Officers. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and
to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo;
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that
is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section
13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>&rdquo;, when
used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities
of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled
by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled;
(b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall
have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated
in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of
such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article Three
provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution
for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo; means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization,
any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor Security</I></B>&rdquo;
of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular
Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed
or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible Officer</I></B>&rdquo;
when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice
president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the
Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively,
or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo; means the
debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;holder
of Securities&rdquo;, &ldquo;registered holder&rdquo;, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular
Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Security Register</I></B>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Share shall at the time be owned, directly
or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general
partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time
be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited
partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo; means , and,
subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one
Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person. The term &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with
respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust Indenture Act</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Voting Shares</I></B>&rdquo;, as
applied to shares of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated)
in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other
than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The aggregate principal
amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or
more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution
or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established
in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(1) </B>the title of the
Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(2) </B>any limit upon the
aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(3) </B>the date or dates
on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that
series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(4) </B>the rate or rates
at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(5) </B>the date or dates
from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination
of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable
on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(6) </B>the right, if any,
to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(7) </B>the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole
or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(8) </B>the obligation, if
any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions
(including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period
or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed
or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(9) </B>the form of the Securities
of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(10) </B>if other than denominations
of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall
be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(11) </B>any and all other
terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security
for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent
with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable
under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(12) </B>whether the Securities
are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(13) </B>whether the Securities
will be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms
and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable,
or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s option or the holders&rsquo; option)
conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(14) </B>if other than the
principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(15) </B>any additional or
different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company&rsquo;s
ability or the ability of the Company&rsquo;s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens;
pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital shares; redeem capital shares; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries
placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments;
sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with shareholders and affiliates;
issue or sell shares of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other
financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed
charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(16) </B>if other than dollars,
the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(17) </B>the terms and conditions,
if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities
of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal tax purposes; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(18) </B>any restrictions
on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures
supplemental hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers&rsquo; Certificate
of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities of any particular series may be issued
at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest,
if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable
and with different redemption dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s
Certificate.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities of any series and the Trustee&rsquo;s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, and they may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to
comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on
which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for
Payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10).
The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series.
Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case
of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is
legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed
on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The interest installment on any Security that
is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the
Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record
date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption
and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment
Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called &ldquo;Defaulted
Interest&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having
been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(1) </B>The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the
following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such
Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal
to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less
than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of
such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted
Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address
as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest
shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special
record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(2) </B>The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the
Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the
term &ldquo;regular record date&rdquo; as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for
such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day
of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section,
each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such
series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.04 Execution and Authentication.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the
Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may use the facsimile signature of
any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered
or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends
or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the
Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of
any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication
and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver
such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject
to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established
in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities
under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>Securities of any
series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in the Borough of
Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal
amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section.
In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or
agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall
be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The Company shall
keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New
York, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the &ldquo;Security Register&rdquo;)
in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities
as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose
of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the &ldquo;Security
Registrar&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at
the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office
or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented
for a like aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange
or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar)
by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the
registered holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>Except as provided
pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities,
or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04
not involving any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>The Company shall
not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business
15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending
at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or
portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions
of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.06 Temporary Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or
typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities
in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all
as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the
Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series.
Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary
Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company
designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office
or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such
series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further
notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or
Stolen Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any temporary or definitive Security shall
become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company&rsquo;s
request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed,
lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity
as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish
to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and
of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or
authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the
fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any Security that has matured or is about
to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize
the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall
furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction,
loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the
ownership thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Every replacement Security issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and
owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding
any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments
or other securities without their surrender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.08 Cancellation.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities surrendered for the purpose of
payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof
except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose
of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company
shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein
contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">So long as any of the Securities of any series
remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right
to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued
upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the
authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently
reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business
to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or
examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these
provisions, it shall resign immediately.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign
by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company
shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the
Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor
Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall
become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.11 Global Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>If the Company
shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent,
and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii)
shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant
to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided
in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary
or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided
in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved
by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>If at any time
the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series
or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives
such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company
has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company
will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series
shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities
of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers&rsquo; Certificate
evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form
without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such
authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct
the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are
so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.01 Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may redeem the Securities of any series
issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>In case the Company
shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with
any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to,
give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice
of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders
at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be
redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not
the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated
for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction
on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with
an Officers&rsquo; Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each such notice of redemption shall specify the
date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment
of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption
will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a
sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities
of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any Security is to be redeemed in part
only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state
that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>If less than all
the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice (unless a shorter notice
shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of
the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair
in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any
integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed
and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The
Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or
any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the
manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may
deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver
or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer
books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice
by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.03 Payment Upon Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>If the giving of
notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed
specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption
price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall
cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and
accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the
date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable
redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption
is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business
on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>Upon presentation
of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the
office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of
the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.04 Sinking Fund.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo; and any
payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional
sinking fund payment&rdquo;. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may
be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any
series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments
with Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities
of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant
to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities,
in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to
be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been
previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified
in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund
payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to
the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to
the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers&rsquo; Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities
to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in
the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption
of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>COVENANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium
and Interest.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause
to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner
provided herein and established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">So long as any series of the Securities remain
Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, with respect
to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities
of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration
of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice
signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency
for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company
initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee located in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York as its paying agent
with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 4.03 Paying Agents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>If the Company
shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such
paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(1) </B>that it will hold
all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series
(whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(2) </B>that it will give
the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of
(and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(3) </B>that it will, at
any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee,
forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(4) </B>that it will perform
all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>If the Company
shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of
(and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such
action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more
paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any
Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming
due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying
agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>Notwithstanding
anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions
of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying
agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be
released from all further liability with respect to such money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in
Office of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill
a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times
be a Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 4.05 Compliance with Consolidation
Provisions.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction,
or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied
with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 5</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY
THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names
and Addresses of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that
the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect
from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior
to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the
Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information; Communications
With Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Trustee shall
preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities
contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities
received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The Trustee may
destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under
this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under
Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 5.03 Reports by the Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company covenants and agrees to provide a
copy to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of
the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission
may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant
to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any
materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the SEC. The Company shall also comply with the requirements
of Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act, but only to the extent then applicable to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>On or before July
1 in each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the
Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and
to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The Trustee shall
comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>A copy of each
such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities
exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees
to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.01 Events of Default.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>Whenever used herein
with respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following events that has
occurred and is continuing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(1) </B>the Company defaults
in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable,
and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company
in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(2) </B>the Company defaults
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due
and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous
fund established with respect to that series and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension
of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in
the payment of principal or premium, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(3) </B>the Company fails
to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established
with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly
included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days
after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a &ldquo;Notice
of Default&rdquo; hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and
the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(4) </B>the Company pursuant
to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against
it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv)
makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(5) </B>a court of competent
jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints
a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order
or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>In each and every
such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of
that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such
Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that
series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable.
If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the
Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>(c) </B>At any time after the principal of
(and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due and payable,
and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to
the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with
the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of
(and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest
upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments
of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount
payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other
than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall
not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>In case the Trustee
shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have
been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely
to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored
respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall
continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and
Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Company covenants
that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or in any payment
required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable,
and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal
of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of
the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay
to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due
and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue
installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount
as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>If the Company
shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be
entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and
may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the
Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided
by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>In case of any
receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting
the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that
may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other
papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such
series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings
and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee
under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders
of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such
payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>All rights of action
and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be
enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative
thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and
any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit
of the holders of the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings
as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted
in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect
of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.03 Application of Moneys or Property
Collected.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any moneys or property collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates
fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys or property on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof
if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and
expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of
which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any,
to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto as requested by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No holder of any Security of any series shall
have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at
law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less
than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee
to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to
the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
(iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such
action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that
series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Notwithstanding anything contained herein to
the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of
(and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security
(or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such
respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security
hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other
such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever
by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of
such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this
Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series.
For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled
to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative;
Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>Except as
otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to
the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the
holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and
agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>No delay or omission
of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and
continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the
Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct
the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with
this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if
the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject
to the Trustee&rsquo;s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial
to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the
Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant
to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if
any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise
than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal
and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby
shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such
series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent
or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
holder of any Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and
that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any party litigant
in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders,
holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder
for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities
of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Trustee, prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with
respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series
such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or
waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture,
and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of his own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>No provision of
this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act,
or its own willful misconduct, except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(i) </B>prior to the occurrence
of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect
to that series that may have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(A) </B>the duties and
obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this
Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties
and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(B) </B>in the absence
of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth
of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and
conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are
specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not
they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(ii) </B>the Trustee shall
not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it
shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(iii) </B>the Trustee shall
not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee
under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(iv) </B>None of the provisions
contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing
that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity
against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Trustee may
rely conclusively and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and
to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>Any request, direction,
order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name
of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>The Trustee may
consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection
in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>The Trustee shall
be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any
of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities
(that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it
by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances
in the conduct of his own affairs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(e) </B>The Trustee shall
not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion
or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(f) </B>The Trustee shall
not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do
by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby
(determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs,
expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably
assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against
such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by
the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(g) </B>The Trustee may
execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and
the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by
it hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1), 6.01(a)(2)
and 4.01 hereof or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set
forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports, information
and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt
of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained
therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively
on an Officers&rsquo; Certificate).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals
or Issuance or Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The recitals contained
herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness
of the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The Trustee makes
no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>The Trustee shall
not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the
use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to
Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.04 May Hold Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar,
in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not
Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.05 Moneys Held in Trust.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all
moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were
received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for
interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.06 Compensation and Reimbursement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Company covenants
and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any
provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time
agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of
any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse
the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith
and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and
its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including
the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The obligations
of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien
prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the
benefit of the holders of particular Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.07 Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a
matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence
in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed
to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence
of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted
to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting
Interests.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Trustee has or shall acquire any &ldquo;conflicting
interest&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply
with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect
to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act
as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state,
territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly
or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect specified in Section 7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment
of Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The Trustee or
any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice
thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such
series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the
Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed
by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor
trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice
of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with
respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities
for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>In case at any time any one of the following
shall occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(i) </B>the Trustee shall
fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been
a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(ii) </B>the Trustee shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the
Company or by any such Securityholder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in"><B>(iii) </B>the Trustee shall
become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver
of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee
or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the Company may
remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order
of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee,
or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder
and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of
a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint
a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>The holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series
by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>Any resignation
or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions
of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(e) </B>Any successor trustee
appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at
any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall
become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor
trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee
all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental
hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary
or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall
contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested
in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for
or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such
supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust
or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall
be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental
indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee
shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further
responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under
this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer
and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such
retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>Upon request of
any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to
such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>No successor trustee
shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(e) </B>Upon acceptance
of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee
hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee
shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation
or Succession to Business.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any corporation into which the Trustee may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to
which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor
of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the
provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto,
anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee
then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and
deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims
Against the Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of
the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has
resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.14 Notice of Default</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any Default or any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to
each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event
of Default within 45 days after it occurs and becomes known to the Trustee, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; <I>provided,
however</I>, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security,
the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust
committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the
interest of the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 8</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that
the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any
action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action),
the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein
may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series
in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders
of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no
obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date
shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding
Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however,
that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall
become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof
of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the
holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>The fact and date
of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>The ownership of
Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose
name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security
shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for
the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be
affected by any notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company
Disregarded.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In determining whether the holders of the requisite
aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture,
the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee
actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding
for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct
or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee
taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing
to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of
that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by
filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and
upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof
or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the
holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indenture in connection with such action shall
be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 9</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without
the Consent of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise
authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders,
for one or more of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency
herein or in the Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>to comply with Article Ten;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>to provide for
uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(d) </B>to add to the covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and
if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that
such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the
occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions
an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(e) </B>to add to, delete
from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and
delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(f) </B>to make any change
that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(g) </B>to provide for
the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish
the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add
to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(h) </B>to evidence and
provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(i) </B>to comply with
any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under
the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with
the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that
may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s
own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions
of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time
Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With Consent
of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section
8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to
time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture
Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this
Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the
Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the
holders of each Security of the series affected by such supplement indenture then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed
maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of
interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the
holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">It shall not be necessary for the consent of the
Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to
be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under
this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any
such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental
Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or
of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange
upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for
the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by
its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of
the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such
supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The
Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, will be entitled to receive and will be fully protected in relying upon an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted
by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the
execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers&rsquo; Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with
the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Promptly after the execution by the Company and
the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all
series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice,
or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 10</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUCCESSOR ENTITY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors
shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its
successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the
Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and
agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities
of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance
of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the
Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have
acquired such property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>In case of any
such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental
indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.01
on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the
same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>In case of any
such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance)
may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(c) </B>Nothing contained
in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where
the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the
property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 10.03 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc.
to Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section
7.01, may receive an Officers&rsquo; Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 11</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of
Indenture.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section
2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held
in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all such
Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are
by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory
to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized
firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium,
if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company
shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall
thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02,
4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that
shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time all such Securities of a particular
series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.01
shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations
sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as
the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to
such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations
of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections
2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.05, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.03 Deposited Moneys to be Held in
Trust.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly
or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities
for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.04 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying
Agents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon
demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect
to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.05 Repayment to Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest
on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two
years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due
and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the
Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust;
and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental
Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only
to the Company for the payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 12</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, SHAREHOLDERS, OFFICERS
AND DIRECTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 12.01 No Recourse.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant
or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against
any incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution,
statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture
and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or
is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, shareholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations,
covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and
claims against, every such incorporator, shareholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture
and the issuance of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 13</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All the covenants, stipulations, promises and
agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.02 Actions by Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any act or proceeding by any provision of this
Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed
with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor
of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon
such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.04 Notices.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee
or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served and shall
be deemed to have been duly given or made on (a) delivery thereof, if by hand; (b) upon receipt, if sent by mail (registered or certified
mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested); (c) on the second Business Day following deposit, if sent by a recognized overnight
delivery service; or (d) upon transmission, if sent by facsimile transmission (in each case with receipt verified by electronic confirmation),
as follows: 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538, facsimile number: [ ], email: [ ], with a copy which shall not constitute
notice to Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li, 800 Third Ave., Suite 2800, New York, New York 10022, Attn: Louis Taubman, Esq., facsimile
number: (212)202-6380, email: ltaubman@htflawyers.com. Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or
by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all
purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.05 Governing Law.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed
to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">It is intended that the Securities will be treated
as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this
intention.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as
to Conditions Precedent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(a) </B>Upon any application
or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate
to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.13) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that
in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application
or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular
application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(b) </B>Each certificate
or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this
Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation
as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied
with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall
not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with
the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after
such nominal date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture
Act.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If and to the extent that any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed
duties shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.10 Indenture and Securities Solely
Corporate Obligations.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No recourse for the payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on any Securities, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under
or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any Security, or
because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, shareholder, employee, agent,
officer, director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor entity, either directly or through
the Company or any successor entity, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute, or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment
or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released as a condition
of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.11 Counterparts.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Indenture may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.12 Separability.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any one or more of the provisions contained
in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect,
such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this
Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein
or therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.13 Compliance Certificates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within
120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, a compliance certificate stating
whether or not the signer knows of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain
a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that
a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance under this Indenture and that the Company
has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.13, such compliance shall be determined
without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the Company signing such
certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and
its status.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>IN WITNESS WHEREOF</B>, the parties hereto
have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; width: 5%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0; width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>[TRUSTEE], </B>as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; width: 61%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.25pt 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; width: 38%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.25pt 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section of Indenture</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">310(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">310(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.08</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">310(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">311(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">311(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">311(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">312(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.02(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">312(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">312(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">313(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">313(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">313(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">313(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.04(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13.12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13.07(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13.07(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">314(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">315(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.01(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">315(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">315(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">315(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">315(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.07</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">316(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.06</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">316(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">316(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">317(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.02</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">317(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">318(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0.25pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">36</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.7
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ea149471ex4-7_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM OF INDENTURE WITH RESPECT TO SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES, TO BE ENTERED INTO BETWEEN REGISTRANT AND A TRUSTEE ACCEPTABLE TO THE REGISTRANT, IF ANY
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 4.7</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Issuer</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>[TRUSTEE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Trustee</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Dated as of [&#9679;], 20[&#9679;]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Subordinated Debt Securities</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 1.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 78%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Definitions of Terms.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 2 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Designation and Terms of Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Denominations: Provisions for Payment.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cancellation.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Authenticating Agent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 2.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Global Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment Upon Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 5 SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 78%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Events of Default.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Application of Moneys or Property Collected.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Control by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Undertaking to Pay Costs.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Rights of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May Hold Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Moneys Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Reimbursement.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Who May be Deemed Owners.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 10 SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.01 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company May Consolidate, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.02 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Successor Entity Substituted.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.03 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 11 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.01 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.02 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Discharge of Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.03 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.04 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.05 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 12 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, SHAREHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 12.01 </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 78%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No Recourse.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.01 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect on Successors and Assigns.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.02 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Actions by Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.03 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Surrender of Company Powers.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.04 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notices.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.05 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Governing Law.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.06 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Treatment of Securities as Debt.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.07 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.08 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payments on Business Days.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.09 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.10 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.11 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Counterparts.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.12 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Separability.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.13 </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificates.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 14 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 14.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subordination Terms.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>INDENTURE</B>, dated as of [&middot;], 20[&middot;],
among ABVC BioPharma, Inc., a Nevada corporation and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and
assigns (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, for its lawful corporate purposes,
the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of subordinated debt securities
(hereinafter referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in
one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of
the Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, to provide the terms and conditions
upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>WHEREAS</B>, all things necessary to make this
Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>NOW, THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the
premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and
ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>DEFINITIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The terms defined in this Section (except as in
this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes
of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include
the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental
hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said
Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating Agent</I></B>&rdquo;
means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></B>&rdquo; means
Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Board of Directors</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Board Resolution</I></B>&rdquo; means
a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors
and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Business Day</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order
or regulation to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means
a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate Trust Office</I></B>&rdquo;
means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which
office at the date hereof is located at .</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo; means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Default</I></B>&rdquo; means any
event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security,
The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in
each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Event of Default</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, therein
designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Global Security</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant
to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or
its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental Obligations</I></B>&rdquo;
means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is
pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that,
in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of the Securities,
and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation
or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder
of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction
from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental
Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B>
and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>&rdquo;, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo; means this
instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto
entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Payment Date</I></B>&rdquo;,
when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security
or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo; means, with
respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer, chief
operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer,
the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</I></B>&rdquo;
means a certificate signed by any two Officers. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and
to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo;
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that
is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section
13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>&rdquo;, when
used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities
of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled
by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled;
(b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall
have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated
in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of
such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article Three
provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution
for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo; means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization,
any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor Security</I></B>&rdquo;
of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular
Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed
or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible Officer</I></B>&rdquo;
when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice
president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the
Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively,
or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo; means the debt Securities authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;holder
of Securities&rdquo;, &ldquo;registered holder&rdquo;, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular
Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Security Register</I></B>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Shares shall at the time be owned, directly
or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general
partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time
be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited
partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo; means , and,
subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one
Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person. The term &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with
respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust Indenture Act</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B><I>Voting Shares</I></B>&rdquo;, as
applied to shares of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated)
in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other
than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The aggregate principal
amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or
more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution
or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established
in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(1) the title of the Securities
of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(2) any limit upon the aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(3) the date or dates on which
the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that series
upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(4) the rate or rates at which
the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(5) the date or dates from which
such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest
Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest
Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(6) the right, if any, to extend
the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(7) the period or periods within
which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part,
at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(8) the obligation, if any,
of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions
(including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period
or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed
or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(9) the form of the Securities
of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(10) if other than denominations
of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall
be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(11) any and all other terms
(including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for
the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with
the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable under
United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(12) whether the Securities
are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(13) whether the Securities
will be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms
and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable,
or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s option or the holders&rsquo; option)
conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(14) if other than the principal
amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(15) any additional or different
Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company&rsquo;s ability or
the ability of the Company&rsquo;s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends
or make distributions in respect of their capital shares; redeem capital shares; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions
on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise
dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with shareholders and affiliates; issue or sell shares
of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants,
financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based
or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(16) if other than dollars,
the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(17) the terms and conditions,
if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities
of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal tax purposes;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(18) any restrictions on transfer,
sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(19) the subordination terms
of the Securities of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures
supplemental hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers&rsquo; Certificate
of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities of any particular series may be issued
at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest,
if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable
and with different redemption dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities of any series and the Trustee&rsquo;s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, and they may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to
comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on
which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for Payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10).
The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series.
Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case
of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is
legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed
on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The interest installment on any Security that
is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the
Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record
date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption
and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment
Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called &ldquo;Defaulted
Interest&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having
been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(1) The Company may make payment
of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following
manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security
and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the
aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for
such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after
the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record
date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the
special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in
the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment
of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid
to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(2) The Company may make payment
of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company
to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the
term &ldquo;regular record date&rdquo; as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for
such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day
of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section,
each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such
series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.04 Execution and Authentication.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the
Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may use the facsimile signature of
any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered
or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends
or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the
Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of
any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication
and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver
such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject
to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established
in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities
under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Securities of any series
may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount,
upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In
respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency
shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be
entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Company shall keep,
or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York,
or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the &ldquo;Security Register&rdquo;)
in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities
as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose
of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the &ldquo;Security
Registrar&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at
the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office
or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented
for a like aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange
or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar)
by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the
registered holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Except as provided pursuant
to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of
new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or
other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving
any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) The Company shall not
be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15
days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending
at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or
portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions
of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.06 Temporary Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or
typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities
in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all
as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the
Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series.
Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary
Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company
designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office
or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such
series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further
notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any temporary or definitive Security shall
become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company&rsquo;s
request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed,
lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity
as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish
to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and
of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or
authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the
fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any Security that has matured or is about
to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize
the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall
furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction,
loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the
ownership thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Every replacement Security issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and
owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding
any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments
or other securities without their surrender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.08 Cancellation.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All Securities surrendered for the purpose of
payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof
except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose
of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company
shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
(and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any
series are subordinated) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition
or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the
holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to
which the Securities of any series are subordinated).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">So long as any of the Securities of any series
remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right
to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued
upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the
authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently
reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business
to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or
examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these
provisions, it shall resign immediately.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign
by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company
shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the
Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor
Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall
become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 2.11 Global Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) If the Company shall establish
pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company shall execute
and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall
be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be
registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the
Depositary&rsquo;s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided
in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary
or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Notwithstanding the provisions
of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.05,
only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company
or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) If at any time the Depositary
for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at
any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives
such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company
has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company
will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series
shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities
of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers&rsquo; Certificate
evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form
without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such
authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct
the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are
so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 3.01 Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may redeem the Securities of any series
issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) In case the Company shall
desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any right
the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice
of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such
redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their
last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed.
Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered
holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption
in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities
of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each such notice of redemption shall specify the
date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment
of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption
will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a
sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities
of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any Security is to be redeemed in part
only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state
that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) If less than all the Securities
of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory
to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed,
and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that
may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof)
of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly
notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it
shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or
any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section,
such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which
notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or
permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records,
or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be
required under the provisions of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.03 Payment Upon Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) If the giving of notice
of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified
in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue
on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest
with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for
redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price
for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest
payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the
applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Upon presentation of any
Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office
or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same
series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 3.04 Sinking Fund.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by
Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo; and any
payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional
sinking fund payment&rdquo;. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may
be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any
series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments
with Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities
of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant
to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities,
in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to
be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been
previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified
in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund
payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to
the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to
the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers&rsquo; Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities
to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in
the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption
of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>COVENANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause
to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner
provided herein and established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">So long as any series of the Securities remain
Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, with respect
to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities
of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration
of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture
may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice
signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency
for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company
initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee located in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York as its paying agent
with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 4.03 Paying Agents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) If the Company shall appoint
one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such paying agent
to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this
Section:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(1) that it will hold all sums
held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series (whether
such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(2) that it will give the Trustee
notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of (and premium,
if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(3) that it will, at any time
during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(4) that it will perform all
other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) If the Company shall act
as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium,
if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums
shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any
failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents
for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities
of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due,
such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent
is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Notwithstanding anything
in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section
11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any
other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such
sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such paying
agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from
all further liability with respect to such money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill
a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times
be a Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 4.05 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction,
or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied
with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 5</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that
the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect
from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior
to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the
Trustee shall be the Security Registrar .</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Trustee shall preserve,
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained
in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received
by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Trustee may destroy
any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Securityholders may communicate
as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture
or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 5.03 Reports by the Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company covenants and agrees to provide a
copy to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of
the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission
may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant
to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any
materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the SEC. The Company shall also comply with the requirements
of Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act, but only to the extent then applicable to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) On or before July 1 in
each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders,
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required
under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Trustee shall comply
with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) A copy of each such report
shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon
which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the
Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 6.01 Events of Default.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Whenever used herein with
respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following events that has occurred
and is continuing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(1) the Company defaults in
the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable,
and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company
in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(2) the Company defaults in
the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and
payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund
established with respect to that series and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension
of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in
the payment of principal or premium, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(3) the Company fails to observe
or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with
respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included
in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the
date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo;
hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by
the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(4) the Company pursuant to
or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against
it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv)
makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(5) a court of competent jurisdiction
enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian
of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains
unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) In each and every such
case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that
series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such
Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that
series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable.
If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the
Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) At any time after the
principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due
and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided,
the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice
to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited
with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal
of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest
upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments
of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable
to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than
the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have
become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) In case the Trustee shall
have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been
discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the
Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored
respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall
continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement
by Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Company covenants
that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or in any payment
required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable,
and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal
of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of
the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay
to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due
and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue
installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount
as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) If the Company shall fail
to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and
empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other
obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity
out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) In case of any receivership,
insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company,
or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted
by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents
as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for
the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional
amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable
or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;
and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such
series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly
to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) All rights of action and
of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced
by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto,
and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery
of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the
holders of the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings
as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted
in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect
of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.03 Application of Moneys or Property
Collected.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any moneys or property collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates
fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys or property on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof
if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and
expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">SECOND: To the payment of all indebtedness of
the Company to which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Section 7.06 and Article Fourteen;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of
which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any,
to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto, as requested by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No holder of any Security of any series shall
have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at
law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less
than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee
to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to
the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
(iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such
action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that
series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the
contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective
dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it
is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker
and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by
virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such
Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture,
except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the
protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such
relief as can be given either at law or in equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative;
Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Except as otherwise provided
in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted
by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities,
by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) No delay or omission of
the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and
continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the
Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct
the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with
this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if
the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject
to the Trustee&rsquo;s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial
to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the
Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to
Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any,
or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than
by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and
any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby
shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such
series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent
or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
holder of any Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and
that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any party litigant
in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders,
holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder
for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Trustee, prior to
the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect
to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such
duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived),
the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and
use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of his own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) No provision of this Indenture
shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful
misconduct, except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i) prior to the occurrence
of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect
to that series that may have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(A) the duties and obligations
of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and
the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations
as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the
Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(B) in the absence of bad
faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of
the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming
to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform
to the requirement of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii) the Trustee shall not be
liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be
proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii) the Trustee shall not
be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee
under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iv) None of the provisions
contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing
that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity
against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Trustee may rely conclusively
and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice,
request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented
by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Any request, direction,
order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name
of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) The Trustee may consult
with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection
in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) The Trustee shall be under
no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the
Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable
security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities
(that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it
by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances
in the conduct of his own affairs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) The Trustee shall not
be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion
or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) The Trustee shall not
be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report,
notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders
of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as
provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities
likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee
by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses
or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid
by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) The Trustee may execute
any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee
shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1), 6.01(a)(2)
and 4.01 hereof or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set
forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports, information
and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt
of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained
therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively
on an Officers&rsquo; Certificate).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals
or Issuance or Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The recitals contained
herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness
of the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Trustee makes no representations
as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) The Trustee shall not
be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use
or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section
2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.04 May Hold Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar,
in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not
Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 7.05 Moneys Held in Trust.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all
moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were
received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for
interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.06 Compensation and Reimbursement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Company covenants
and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any
provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time
agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of
any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse
the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of
all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith
and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and
its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including
the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The obligations of the
Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses, disbursements
and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such additional indebtedness shall
be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds
held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.07 Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a
matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence
in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed
to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence
of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted
to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting
Interests.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Trustee has or shall acquire any &ldquo;conflicting
interest&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply
with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect
to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United
States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act
as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state,
territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly
or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect specified in Section 7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment
of Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Trustee or any successor
hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their
names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a
successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors,
one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee
shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning
Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such
series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on
behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may
thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) In case at any time any
one of the following shall occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i) the Trustee shall fail to
comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona
fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii) the Trustee shall cease
to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company
or by any such Securityholder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii) the Trustee shall become
incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver of the
Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of
its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">then, in any such case, the Company may remove
the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the
Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or
any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and
all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor
trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) The holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect
to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) Any resignation or removal
of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of
this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) Any successor trustee
appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at
any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge
and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested
with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such
retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the
rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee
and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable
to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental
indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible
for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility
for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture,
and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee
relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Upon request of any such
successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor
trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) No successor trustee shall
accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) Upon acceptance of appointment
by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail,
first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails
to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation
or Succession to Business.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any corporation into which the Trustee may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to
which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor
of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the
provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto,
anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee
then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and
deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims
Against the Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of
the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has
resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 7.14 Notice of Default</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any Default or any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to
each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event
of Default within 45 days after it occurs and becomes known to the Trustee, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; <I>provided,
however</I>, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security,
the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust
committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the
interest of the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 8</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that
the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any
action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action),
the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein
may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series
in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders
of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no
obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date
shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding
Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however,
that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall
become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof
of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the
holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The fact and date of the
execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The ownership of Securities
shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose
name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security
shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for
the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be
affected by any notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In determining whether the holders of the requisite
aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture,
the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee
actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding
for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct
or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee
taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing
to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of
that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by
filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and
upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof
or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the
holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture
in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that
series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 9</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise
authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders,
for one or more of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency
herein or in the Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) to comply with Article Ten;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) to provide for uncertificated
Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) to add to the covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and
if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that
such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the
occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions
an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) to add to, delete from,
or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery
of Securities, as herein set forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) to make any change that
does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) to provide for the issuance
of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish the form
of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights
of the holders of any series of Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) to evidence and provide
for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) to comply with any requirements
of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with
the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that
may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s
own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions
of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time
Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With Consent
of Securityholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section
8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to
time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture
Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this
Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the
Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the
holders of each Security of the series affected by such supplement indenture then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed
maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of
interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the
holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">It shall not be necessary for the consent of the
Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to
be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under
this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any
such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental
Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or
of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange
upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for
the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by
its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of
the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such
supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The
Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, will be entitled to receive and will be fully protected in relying upon an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted
by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the
execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers&rsquo; Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with
the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Promptly after the execution by the Company and
the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all
series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice,
or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 10</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUCCESSOR ENTITY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors
shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its
successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the
Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and
agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities
of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance
of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the
Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have
acquired such property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) In case of any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed
and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities
of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had
been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this
Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) In case of any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Nothing contained in this
Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company
is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of
any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 10.03 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc.
to Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section
7.01, may receive an Officers&rsquo; Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 11</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section
2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held
in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all such
Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are
by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory
to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized
firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium,
if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company
shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall
thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02,
4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that
shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time all such Securities of a particular
series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.01
shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations
sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as
the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to
such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations
of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections
2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.05, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.03 Deposited Moneys to be Held in
Trust.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly
or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities
for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 11.04 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon
demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect
to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 11.05 Repayment to Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest
on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two
years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due
and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the
Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust;
and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental
Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only
to the Company for the payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 12</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, SHAREHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 12.01 No Recourse.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant
or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against
any incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution,
statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture
and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or
is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, shareholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations,
covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and
claims against, every such incorporator, shareholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture
and the issuance of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 13</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All the covenants, stipulations, promises and
agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.02 Actions by Successor.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any act or proceeding by any provision of this
Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed
with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor
of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon
such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 13.04 Notices.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee
or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served and shall
be deemed to have been duly given or made on (a) delivery thereof, if by hand; (b) upon receipt, if sent by mail (registered or certified
mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested); (c) on the second Business Day following deposit, if sent by a recognized overnight
delivery service; or (d) upon transmission, if sent by facsimile transmission (in each case with receipt verified by electronic confirmation),
as follows: 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538, facsimile number: [ ], email: [ ], with a copy which shall not constitute
notice to Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li, 800 Third Ave., Suite 2800, New York, New York 10022, Attn: Louis Taubman, Esq., facsimile
number: (212)202-6380, email: ltaubman@htflawyers.com. Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or
by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all
purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.05 Governing Law.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed
to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">It is intended that the Securities will be treated
as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this
intention.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as
to Conditions Precedent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Upon any application or
demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate
to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.13) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that
in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application
or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular
application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Each certificate or opinion
provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture
shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement
as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or
opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably
necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv)
a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall
not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with
the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after
such nominal date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture
Act.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If and to the extent that any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed
duties shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.10 Indenture and Securities Solely
Corporate Obligations.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No recourse for the payment of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on any Securities, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under
or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any Security, or
because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, shareholder, employee, agent,
officer, director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor entity, either directly or through
the Company or any successor entity, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute, or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment
or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released as a condition
of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Section 13.11 Counterparts.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Indenture may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 13.12 Separability.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In case any one or more of the provisions contained
in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect,
such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this
Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein
or therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 13.13 Compliance Certificates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within
120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, a compliance certificate stating
whether or not the signer knows of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain
a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that
a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance under this Indenture and that the Company
has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.13, such compliance shall be determined
without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the Company signing such
certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and
its status.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 14</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Section 14.01 Subordination Terms.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The payment by the Company of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on any series of securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to the extent set forth in an indenture
supplemental hereto relating to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused
this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>[TRUSTEE], </B>as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 49%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section of Trust Indenture Act Of 1939, as Amended</B></FONT></TD>
    <td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 49%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section of Indenture</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>310(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.09</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>310(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.08</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.10</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>310(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Inapplicable</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>311(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.13</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>311(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.13</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>311(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Inapplicable</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>312(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.01</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.02(a)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>312(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.02(c)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>312(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.02(c)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>313(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.04(a)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>313(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.04(b)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>313(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.04(a)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.04(b)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>313(d)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.04(c)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.03</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>13.12</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Inapplicable</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>13.07(a)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(d)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Inapplicable</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(e)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>13.07(b)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>314(f)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Inapplicable</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>315(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.01(a)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.01(b)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>315(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.14</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>315(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.01</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>315(d)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.01(b)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>315(e)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.07</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>316(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.06</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>8.04</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>316(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.04</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>316(c)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>8.01</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>317(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.02</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>317(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.03</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>318(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <td>&nbsp;</TD>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>13.09</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ea149471ex5-1_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>OPINION OF HUNTER TAUBMAN FISCHER & LI LLC*
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"><B><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT=""></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right">October 29, 2021</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">Fremont, CA 94538</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">Ladies and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">You
have requested our opinion with respect to the offer and sale by you, ABVC BioPharma, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;),
pursuant to a Registration Statement (the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;) on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Act</B>&rdquo;), of up to $50,000,000 of (i)&nbsp;shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company
(the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;), (ii)&nbsp;shares of one or more series of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the
Company (the &ldquo;<B>Preferred Stock</B>&rdquo;), (iii)&nbsp;one or more debt securities of the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Debt Securities</B>&rdquo;),
(iv)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock (the &ldquo;<B>Warrants</B>&rdquo;), (v) rights to purchase Common Stock,
Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Rights</B>&rdquo;), and (v)&nbsp;units comprised of one or more of shares of Common
Stock, shares of Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants and Rights (the &ldquo;<B>Units</B>&rdquo; and, collectively with the Common
Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, and Rights, the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">In
rendering the opinions set forth below, we have examined originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of
such documents and corporate and public records as we deem necessary as a basis for the opinions hereinafter expressed. With respect
to such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures appearing on all documents presented to us as originals, and the
conformity to the originals of all documents presented to us as conformed or reproduced copies. Where factual matters relevant to such
opinions were not independently established, we have relied upon certificates of executive officers and responsible employees and agents
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">For
purposes of this opinion letter, we have also assumed that (a)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including
post-effective amendments), will have become effective and such effectiveness will not have been terminated or rescinded, (b)&nbsp;a
prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission describing the Securities offered
thereby, (c)&nbsp;all Securities will be offered, issued and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and
in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the appropriate prospectus supplement, (d)&nbsp;any definitive purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the
Company and the other parties thereto, (e)&nbsp;any securities issuable upon exercise of any Securities being offered will have been
duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such exercise, (f)&nbsp;at the time of any offering or sale
of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, there will be sufficient
shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, authorized and unissued under the Company&rsquo;s then operative articles of
incorporation, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Articles of Incorporation</B>&rdquo;) and not otherwise reserved for issuance, (g)&nbsp;at the
time of issuance of the Securities, the Company validly exists and is duly qualified and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction
of incorporation, and has the necessary corporate power for such issuance, (h)&nbsp;at the time of issuance of the Securities, the Articles
of Incorporation and then operative bylaws of the Company, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Bylaws</B>&rdquo; and collectively with the Articles
of Incorporation, the &ldquo;<B>Charter Documents</B>&rdquo;) are in full force and effect and have not been amended, restated, supplemented
or otherwise altered, and there has been no authorization of any such amendment, restatement, supplement or other alteration, in either
case since the date hereof, (i)&nbsp;any applicable Indenture relating to the issuance of the Debt Securities and any Warrant Agreement
(defined below) or Unit Agreement (defined below) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto and constitute
legally valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms,
and (j)&nbsp;that the terms, execution and delivery of the Securities (i)&nbsp;do not result in breaches of, or defaults under, agreements
or instruments to which the Company is bound or violations of applicable statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders,
and (ii)&nbsp;comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over
the Company. We have further assumed the legal capacity of natural persons, and we have assumed that each party to the documents we have
examined or relied on has the legal capacity or authority and has satisfied all legal requirements that are applicable to that party
to the extent necessary to make such documents enforceable against that party. We have not verified any of the foregoing assumptions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 6pt 0 0; text-align: center">www.htflawyers.com | info@htflawyers.com</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">800 Third Avenue, Suite 2800 - New York, NY 10022 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Office:</FONT> (212) 530-2210 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Fax:</FONT> (212) 202-6380</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">We
do not express any opinion as to matters arising under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States federal securities laws
and Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (&ldquo;<B>NRS</B>&rdquo;) as the same appear on the date hereof at https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-078.html.
We are not members of the Bar of the State of Nevada and have not obtained any opinions of local counsel. Insofar as the opinions expressed
herein relate to matters of the United States federal securities laws or regulations or matters of the NRS, we have relied exclusively
on the latest standard compilations of such statutes and laws as reproduced in commonly accepted unofficial publications available to
us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">Based
upon and subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to shares of Common Stock offered under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the Company has taken all necessary action
to authorize and approve the issuance thereof and related matters, and (b)&nbsp;certificates representing the shares of Common Stock
have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations have been made in
the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Charter Documents, either (i)&nbsp;against payment therefor in
an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted
under the NRS and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable prospectus supplement and in accordance
with the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (ii)&nbsp;upon
exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security as approved by
the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration
determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted under the NRS), the shares of Common Stock will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to shares of one or more series of Preferred Stock offered under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the Company has taken
all necessary action to authorize and approve the issuance thereof and related matters, including the adoption of an appropriate amendment
to the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation relating to such series of Preferred Stock which has been properly filed with the Secretary
of State of the State of Nevada, and (b)&nbsp;certificates representing the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned,
registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations have been made in the share register of the Company, in each
case in accordance with the Charter Documents, either (i)&nbsp;against payment therefor in an amount not less than the par value thereof
or such other consideration determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted under the NRS and in the manner contemplated
by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable prospectus supplement and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable definitive
purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise
of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security as approved by the Company,
for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration determined
by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted under the NRS), the shares of Preferred Stock will be duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to Debt Securities, when (a)&nbsp;an applicable Indenture, if any, or any necessary amendment or supplement thereto or other
agreement in respect thereof, if any, has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the trustee thereunder,
(b)&nbsp;any applicable Indenture, if required, has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, if qualification
is required thereunder, (c)&nbsp;the specific terms and the issuance and sale of any particular Debt Security have been duly established
in accordance with the applicable Indenture, if any, or any necessary amendment thereto or other agreement in respect thereof, if any,
and authorized by all necessary action of the Company, and (d)&nbsp;any such Debt Security has been duly executed, issued, authenticated
(if required) and delivered by or on behalf of the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable prospectus
supplement either (i)&nbsp;against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Indenture and/or any other agreement
or instrument binding upon the Company and the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved
by the Company and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable prospectus supplement or (ii)&nbsp;upon
conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing
such Security as approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company, such Debt Securities will constitute valid and
binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except: (a) as such enforceability
may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable
principles (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including but not limited to principles
limiting the availability of specific performance and injunctive relief, and concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and
fair dealing; (b) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities
laws, and (c) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable
defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 6pt 0 0; text-align: center">www.htflawyers.com | info@htflawyers.com</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">800 Third Avenue, Suite 2800 - New York, NY 10022 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Office:</FONT> (212) 530-2210 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Fax:</FONT> (212) 202-6380</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="image_003.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to Warrants offered under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the Company has taken all necessary action to authorize and
approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Warrants, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (b)&nbsp;a
warrant agreement in respect thereof (a &ldquo;<B>Warrant Agreement</B>&rdquo;) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the
Company in accordance with applicable law and (c)&nbsp;the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered against payment therefor in
accordance with the provisions of the Warrant Agreement and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable
prospectus supplement (assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of the Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance
by all necessary corporate action and in accordance with applicable law), the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations
of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except: (a) as such enforceability may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles
(regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including but not limited to principles limiting
the availability of specific performance and injunctive relief, and concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing;
(b) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and
(c) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses
and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Rights, assuming that the Rights are issued pursuant to one or more rights agreements (each, a &ldquo;<B>Right Agreement</B>&rdquo;)
to be entered into between the Company and one or more banks, trust companies or other financial institutions as identified in the applicable
Rights Agreement, and the holders from time to time of the Rights, and assuming that the issuance and terms of any Rights and the terms
of the offering thereof have been duly authorized, when (a)&nbsp;the Rights Agreement or Rights Agreements relating to such Rights have
been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the rights agent appointed by the Company and (b)&nbsp;such Rights or
certificates representing such Rights have been duly executed, authenticated, issued, paid for and delivered as contemplated in the Registration
Statement and any applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto, and in accordance with any underwriting agreement, purchase or similar
agreement, such Rights will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
their terms, except: (a) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo;
rights generally and by general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or
at law), including but not limited to principles limiting the availability of specific performance and injunctive relief, and concepts
of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing; (b) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may
be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (c) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms
of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor
may be brought.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to Units, assuming that (a)&nbsp;any Debt Securities that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations
of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, as contemplated in numbered paragraph 3 above, (b)&nbsp;any
Warrants that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms, as contemplated
in numbered paragraph 4 above, and (c)&nbsp;any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock that form a part of such Units are validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable, as contemplated in numbered paragraphs 1 and 2 above, respectively, when (i)&nbsp;the Company has
taken all necessary corporate action to approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Units (including the Securities which
comprise such Units), the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii)&nbsp;any applicable unit agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the Company in accordance with applicable law (a &ldquo;<B>Unit Agreement</B>&rdquo;), and (iii)&nbsp;the Units
or certificates representing the Units, as the case may be, have been delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions
of any applicable Unit Agreement or purchase or similar agreement approved by the Company and in the manner contemplated by the Registration
Statement and/or the applicable prospectus supplement, the Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with their terms, except: (a) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization
or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforceability
is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including but not limited to principles limiting the availability of specific performance
and injunctive relief, and concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing; (b) as enforceability of any indemnification
or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (c) that the remedy of specific performance
and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before
which any proceeding therefor may be brought.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 6pt 0 0; text-align: center">www.htflawyers.com | info@htflawyers.com</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">800 Third Avenue, Suite 2800 - New York, NY 10022 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Office:</FONT> (212) 530-2210 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Fax:</FONT> (212) 202-6380</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="image_004.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">We
express no opinions regarding (i)&nbsp;the validity or enforceability of any provisions that purport to waive or not give effect to rights
or notices, defenses, subrogation or other rights or benefits that cannot be effectively waived under applicable law, (ii)&nbsp;the enforceability
of indemnification provisions to the extent they purport to relate to liabilities resulting from or based upon negligence or any violation
of federal or state securities or blue sky laws, (iii)&nbsp;any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary
penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (iv)&nbsp;consents
to, or restrictions upon, governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies or judicial relief, (v)&nbsp;any provision requiring
the payment of attorneys&rsquo; fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy, (viii)&nbsp;provisions for exclusivity,
election or cumulation of rights or remedies, (ix)&nbsp;provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations,
(x)&nbsp;grants of setoff rights, (xi)&nbsp;the availability of equitable remedies to any person or entity including, but not limited
to, specific performance and injunctive relief; (xii)&nbsp;the effect of bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance,
fraudulent transfer, moratorium and other similar laws or equitable principles affecting creditors&rsquo; rights or remedies (whether
applied by a court of law or equity), (xiii)&nbsp;the effect of applicable law and court decisions which may hereafter limit or render
unenforceable certain rights or remedies of any person or entity and (xiv)&nbsp;the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing
effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">We
hereby consent to the use of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement, and to the use of our name as your counsel under
&ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby
concede that we come within the categories of persons whose consent is required by the Act or the General Rules and Regulations promulgated
thereunder. We assume no obligation to update or supplement any of the opinions set forth herein to reflect any changes of law or fact
that may occur.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;/s/ Hunter Taubman Fischer Li</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 6pt 0 0; text-align: center">www.htflawyers.com | info@htflawyers.com</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">800 Third Avenue, Suite 2800 - New York, NY 10022 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Office:</FONT> (212) 530-2210 | <FONT STYLE="color: #007A00">Fax:</FONT> (212) 202-6380</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ea149471ex23-1_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF KCCW ACCOUNTANCY CORP.
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><IMG SRC="image_005.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="width: 203px; height: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 60%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center; color: #333399"><B><U>A</U></B><U>udit <B>&bull;
    T</B>ax <B>&bull; C</B>onsulting <B>&bull; F</B>inancial <B>A</B>dvisory</U> <I><BR>
Registered with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
    (PCAOB)</I></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">We hereby consent
to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of&nbsp;</FONT>ABVC BioPharma, Inc. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">of
our report dated March 15, 2021 relating to the consolidated financial statements of&nbsp;</FONT>ABVC BioPharma, Inc.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and
its subsidiaries, which appear in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We also consent to the reference
to us under the&nbsp;</FONT>caption&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in such Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ KCCW Accountancy Corp.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 61%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Diamond Bar, California</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October 29, 2021</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt">&nbsp;</P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
