<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-24-030778.txt : 20240405
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-24-030778.hdr.sgml : 20240405
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240405144753
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-24-030778
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B4
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		6
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240405
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240405

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001173313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				260014658
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B4
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-276500
		FILM NUMBER:		24826160

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-668-0881

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	American BriVision (Holding) Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	METU BRANDS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150908

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ECOLOGY COATINGS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B4
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ea0203104-424b4_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PROSPECTUS
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration Statement No. 333-276500</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration Statement No. 333-271416</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>11,714,683 shares of Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus relates to the resale, from time
to time, by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus under the caption &ldquo;Selling Stockholders,&rdquo; of up to 11,714,683
shares of Common Stock of ABVC BioPharma, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), $0.001 par value (the &ldquo;Common
Stock&rdquo;). These shares include: (i) 3,527,778 shares of Common Stock underlying a secured, convertible note pursuant to that certain
securities purchase agreement dated as of February 23, 2023 between the Company and Lind Global Fund II, LP (the &ldquo;Lind Transaction&rdquo;);
(ii) 5,291,667 shares of Common Stock underlying a common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the Lind Transaction; (iii) 211,667 shares
of Common Stock underlying a placement agent common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the Lind Transaction (the &ldquo;PA Warrant&rdquo;);
(iv) 342,857 shares of Common Stock of the Company underlying a secured, convertible note pursuant to that certain securities purchase
agreement dated as of November 17, 2023 between the Company and Lind Global Fund II, LP (the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Transaction&rdquo;);
(v) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Transaction; (vi)
30,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a placement agent common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Transaction
(the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd</SUP> PA Warrant&rdquo;); (vii) 285,714 shares of Common Stock of the Company underlying a secured, convertible
note pursuant to that certain securities purchase agreement dated as of January 17, 2024 between the Company and Lind (the &ldquo;3<SUP>rd
</SUP>Lind Transaction&rdquo;); (viii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the 3<SUP>rd
</SUP>Lind Transaction; and (ix) 25,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a placement agent common stock purchase warrant pursuant to
the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Transaction (the &ldquo;3<SUP>rd</SUP> PA Warrant&rdquo;).</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the details about the selling stockholder,
please see &ldquo;Selling Stockholders.&rdquo; The selling stockholder may sell these shares from time to time in the principal market
on which our Common Stock is traded at the prevailing market price, in negotiated transactions, or through any other means described
in the section titled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo; The selling stockholder may be deemed an underwriter within the meaning of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of the shares of Common Stock that they are offering. We will pay the expenses of registering
these shares. We will not receive proceeds from the sale of our shares by the selling stockholder that are covered by this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The shares are being registered to permit the
selling stockholder, or its respective pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest, to sell the shares from time to
time in the public market. We do not know when or in what amount the selling stockholder may offer the securities for sale. The selling
stockholder may sell some, all or none of the securities offered by this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our
common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Markets under the symbol ABVC. On April 4, 2024, the closing price of our common stock was
$<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.28 </FONT>per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Selling Stockholders may sell their shares of Common Stock described in this prospectus in
                                            a number of different ways, at prevailing market prices or privately negotiated prices and
                                            there is no termination date of the Selling Stockholders&rsquo; offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this prospectus, together with
additional information described under the headings &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&rdquo; and &ldquo;Where
You Can Find More Information&rdquo;, carefully before you invest in any of our securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Investing in our securities involves a high
degree of risk. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; starting on page 8 of this prospectus.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The
                                            date of this prospectus is April 5, 2024&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; width: 92%"><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS
    CONVENTIONS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INDUSTRY
    AND MARKET DATA</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS
    SUMMARY</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THE
    OFFERING</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RISK
    FACTORS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SPECIAL
    NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>USE
    OF PROCEEDS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MANAGEMENT&rsquo;S
    DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>BUSINESS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">54</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">70</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXECUTIVE
    COMPENSATION</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">75</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECURITY
    OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">79</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_015"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RELATED
    PARTY TRANSACTIONS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMBINED COMPANY</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">80</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_014"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DESCRIPTION
    OF SECURITIES</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">83</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_016"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SELLING
    STOCKHOLDERS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">85</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_017"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PLAN
    OF DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">86</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_018"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>LEGAL
    MATTERS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">88</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_019"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXPERTS</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">88</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><A HREF="#a_020"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHERE
    YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">88</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should rely only on the information contained
in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we may specifically authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We
and our Underwriter have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in
any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide
no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal
to offer and sell our securities. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of
the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects
may have changed since that date. We are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms
&ldquo;ABVC,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us&rdquo; and &ldquo;our&rdquo; in this prospectus refer to ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC., and &ldquo;this
offering&rdquo; refers to the offering contemplated in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_001"></A>PROSPECTUS CONVENTIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except where the context otherwise requires and
for purposes of this prospectus only:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;American BriVision Corporation&rdquo;
refers to a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;APR&rdquo; or &ldquo;annual percentage
rate&rdquo; refers to the annual rate that is charged to borrowers, including a fixed interest rate and a transaction fee rate, expressed
as a single percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of borrowing over the life of a loan;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;BioKey&rdquo; means BioKey, Inc. refers
to a California corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo; means BioLite Holding,
Inc. refers to a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The &ldquo;Board&rdquo; or &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo;
refers to the board of directors of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;China&rdquo; and &ldquo;P.R.C.&rdquo;
refer to the People&rsquo;s Republic of China, including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or Macau Special Administrative Region,
unless referencing specific laws and regulations adopted by the PRC and other legal or tax matters only applicable to mainland China,
excluding Taiwan for purposes of this prospectus;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo; is the Common Stock
of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Merger Agreement&rdquo; means the Agreement
and Plan of Merger dated as of January 31, 2018, pursuant to which the Company, BioLite, BioKey, &ldquo;BioLite Acquisition Corp.&rdquo;
a Nevada corporation, and BioKey Acquisition Corp.&rdquo; a California corporation completed a business combination on February 8, 2019
where ABVC acquired BioLite and BioKey via the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock to the stockholders of BioLite and BioKey;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Lind&rdquo; refers to Lind Global Fund
II, LP;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Series A Convertible Preferred Stock&rdquo;
is the Series A convertible preferred stock of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">The terms &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo;
&ldquo;our,&rdquo; &ldquo;the Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;our Company&rdquo; or &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; refers to ABVC Biopharma, Inc., a Nevada
corporation, and all of the Subsidiaries as defined herein unless the context specifies;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;R.O.C.&rdquo; or &ldquo;Taiwan&rdquo;
refers to Taiwan, the Republic of China;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Subsidiary&rdquo; or &ldquo;Subsidiaries,&rdquo;
refer to American BriVision Corporation, sometimes referred to as &ldquo;BriVision&rdquo;, BioLite Holding, Inc. or BioLite and BioKey,
Inc. or BioKey;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All references to &ldquo;NTD&rdquo; and &ldquo;New
Taiwan Dollars&rdquo; are to the legal currency of R.O.C.; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All references to &ldquo;U.S. dollars&rdquo;,
&ldquo;dollars&rdquo;, and &ldquo;$&rdquo; are to the legal currency of the U.S.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus specifies certain NTD amounts
and in parenthesis the approximate U.S. dollar amounts at the exchange rate on the date of this prospectus. The conversion rates regarding
NTD and U.S. dollars are subject to change and, therefore, we can provide no assurance that U.S. dollar amounts specified in this prospectus
will not change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For clarification, this prospectus follows English
naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual&rsquo;s name is Chinese or English.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_002"></A>INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus includes information with respect
to market and industry conditions and market share from third-party sources or based upon estimates using such sources when available.
We have not, directly or indirectly, sponsored or participated in the publication of any of such materials. We believe that such information
and estimates are reasonable and reliable. We also assume the information extracted from publications of third-party sources has been
accurately reproduced. We understand that the Company would be liable for the information included in this prospectus if any part of
the information was incorrect, misleading or imprecise to a material extent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_003"></A>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>This summary highlights information contained
elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision.
Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our financial statements and the related
notes and the information set forth under the headings &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo; in each case included elsewhere in this prospectus.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Company Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Our Mission</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We
                                            devote our resources to building a sophisticated biotech company and becoming a pioneer in
                                            the biopharmaceutical industry. Dr. Uttam Patil, our Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Tsung-Shann
                                            Jiang, the founder and majority shareholder of the Company, understand the challenges and
                                            opportunities of the biotech industry and intend to provide therapeutic solutions to significant
                                            unmet medical needs and to improve health and quality of human life by developing innovative
                                            botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&ldquo;CNS&rdquo;) and oncology/ hematology
                                            diseases.<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Business Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, the Company&rsquo;s minimal
revenue has come from the sale of CDMO services through BioKey. However, the Company&rsquo;s focus is on developing a pipeline of products
by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical,
disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&rsquo;s scientists and other specialists known to
the Company to identify drugs or medical devices that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&rsquo;s internal
qualifications. Once a drug or medical device is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization,
ABVC licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and introduces the drug or medical device clinical trial plan
to highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, ABVC has found that research
institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting
phase II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators:
                                            Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta
                                            Li, MD, Ph.D - Taipei Veterans General Hospital</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase II Part 1 completed.
                                            Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of
                                            California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. Phase II, Part 2 clinical study sites
                                            include UCSF and 5 locations in Taiwan. The Principal Investigators are Keith McBurnett,
                                            Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of
                                            Medicine; Susan Shur-Fen Gau, M.D., National Taiwan University Hospital; Xinzhang Ni, M.D.
                                            Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Wenjun Xhou, M.D.; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital;
                                            Ton-Ping Su, M.D., Cheng Hsin General Hospital; Cheng-Ta Li, M.D., Taipei Veterans General
                                            Hospital. Phase II, Part 2 began in the 1st quarter of 2022 at the 5 Taiwan sites. The UCSF
                                            site joined the study in the 2nd quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has
                                            reached the number for interim analysis in 2023 December, and the interim analysis of the
                                            study is in progress.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator:
                                            Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. - Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study
                                            will be initiated in the 1st quarter of 2024.</FONT><P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>


<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical
                                            Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&reg; in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study has been initiated
                                            in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi
                                            Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital of the two Thailand Sites and Professor/Dr.
                                            Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp;
                                            East Melbourne Retina. The Phase II study started in the 2nd quarter of 2023, and the company
                                            is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational
                                            product.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following trials are expected to begin in
the third quarter of 2024:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1519, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treatment, Phase I/II Study in Taiwan, Principal Investigator:
                                            Dr. Yung-Hung Luo, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, Principal Investigator:
                                            Andrew E. Hendifar, MD - Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of a Phase II trial,
ABVC will seek a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical
device upon approval by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Corporate Structure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on February 6, 2002 and has three wholly-owned Subsidiaries: BriVision, BioLite Holding, Inc. and BioKey, Inc. BriVision was
incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware and is in the business of developing pharmaceutical products in North America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated under the laws
of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. Its key Subsidiaries include BioLite
BVI, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September 13, 2016 and BioLite Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite
Taiwan&rdquo;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new
drugs for over twelve years. Certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan exchanged approximately 73% of equity securities in BioLite Taiwan
for the Common Stock in BioLite Holding in accordance with a share purchase/ exchange agreement (the &ldquo;Share Purchase/ Exchange
Agreement&rdquo;). As a result, BioLite Holding owns via BioLite BVI approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who
did not enter this Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon closing of the Mergers on February 8, 2019,
BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following chart illustrates the corporate structure of ABVC:&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 5, 2022, the Company&rsquo;s
Board for Directors approved amending the Company&rsquo;s Bylaws to remove Section 2.8, which permitted cumulative voting for directors
since cumulative voting is specifically prohibited by our Articles of Incorporation. Since it is not otherwise stated in our Articles
of Incorporation or Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election, as provided in the Nevada Revised
Statutes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Effective March 14, 2024, the Company&rsquo;s
Board for Directors approved amending Section 2.8 of the Company&rsquo;s Bylaws to revise the number of shares needed to establish a
quorum at shareholder meetings. The amendment changes the quorum requirement from a majority to 33-1/3% of the votes entitled to be cast
on a matter. The full text of our current Bylaws, as amended is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Recent Developments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>NASDAQ Listing</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2021, we closed a public offering
(the &ldquo;Offering&rdquo;) of 1,100,000 units (the &ldquo;Units&rdquo;), with each Unit consisting of one share of our common stock
(the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), one Series A warrant (the &ldquo;Series A Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase one share of common stock at
an exercise price equal to $6.30 per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date, and one Series B warrant (the
&ldquo;Series B Warrants,&rdquo; and together with the Series A Warrants, the &ldquo;Public Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase one share of
common stock at an exercise price equal to $10.00 per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; the exercise
price of the Public Warrants are subject to certain adjustment and cashless exercise provisions as described therein. The Company completed
the Offering pursuant to its registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-255112), originally filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on April 8, 2021 (as amended, the &ldquo;Original Registration Statement&rdquo;), that the SEC declared
effective on August 2, 2021 and the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-258404) that was filed and automatically effective
on August 4, 2021 (the &ldquo;S-1MEF,&rdquo; together with the Original Registration Statement, the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;).
The Units were priced at $6.25 per Unit, before underwriting discounts and offering expenses, resulting in gross proceeds of $6,875,000.
The Offering was conducted on a firm commitment basis. The Common Stock was approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced
trading under the ticker symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; on August 3, 2021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;)
notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00
per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&ldquo;Rule 5550(a)(2)&rdquo;).
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule
5550(a)(2). Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023,
to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><SUP>1</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>J
                                            Cancer Res Clin Oncol (2009) 135:1215-1221</I></B></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, the Company received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;)
notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&rsquo; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. In response to the submitted plan, Nasdaq granted us an extension until August 31, 2023 to evidence
compliance. Following several transactions we then completed, on September 6, 2023, Nasdaq informed us that they determined that we are
in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Strategy</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Advancing to
    the pivotal trial phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus&reg; for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect
    to generate revenues in the future.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Focusing on
    licensing ABV-1504 for the treatment of major depressive disorder, MDD, after the successful completion of its Phase II clinical
    trials.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Completing
    Phase II, Part 2 clinical trial for ABV-1505 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Out licensing
    drug candidates and medical device candidates to major pharmaceutical companies for phase III and pivotal clinical trials, as applicable,
    and further marketing if approved by the FDA.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Material Risks and Challenges</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face substantial competition from a great
many established and emerging pharmaceutical and biotech companies that develop, distribute or sell therapeutics to treat the same indications
that our drug candidates are designed to treat. Our current and potential competitors include large pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies, and specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies. Many of our current and potential competitors have substantially
greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and significantly more experience in the marketing, commercialization, discovery,
development and regulatory approvals of products, which could place us at a significant competitive disadvantage or deny our marketing
exclusivity rights. Typically, our competitors will most likely have more capital resources to support their products than we do. In
addition, you should carefully consider the risks described under the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section beginning on page 8 before investing
in us. Some of these risks are:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with our profitability including, but not limited to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            have never generated revenue and will continue to be unprofitable in the foreseeable future.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            business, operations and plans and timelines could be adversely affected by the effects of
                                            health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with clinical trials and the development of our products, including but not limited
                                            to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
                                            trials are expensive and time consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            clinical trials could be delayed or unsuccessful, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory
                                            approval for any of our drug candidates when expected, or at all.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business and
                                            operations.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and if such
                                            third parties do not meet our deadlines or otherwise conduct the studies as required, we
                                            may be delayed in progressing, or ultimately may not be able to progress, our drug candidates
                                            to clinical trials.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may not be able to secure and maintain research institutions to conduct our future trials.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may not be able to secure co-developers or partners to further post-Phase II clinical trials
                                            and eventually commercialize our drug candidates.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We may need to prioritize
    the development of our most promising candidates at the expense of the development of other products.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Physicians,
                                            patients, third-party payors or others in the medical community may not be receptive to our
                                            products, and we may not generate any future revenue from the sale or licensing of our products.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
                                            associated with intellectual property including but not limited to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining patent or other relating rights necessary
                                            to the development of our drug candidates in the pipeline;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            intellectual property rights underlying our exclusive licensing rights may expire or be terminated
                                            due to lack of maintenance;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
                                            associated with competition and manufacturing including, but not limited to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            face competition from entities that have developed or are developing products for our target
                                            disease indications, including companies developing novel treatments and technologies similar
                                            to ours; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            depend primarily upon a sole supplier of our key extract for three drug candidates and could
                                            incur significant costs and delays if we are unable to promptly find a replacement for such
                                            supplier if the supplier fails to deliver the extract pursuant to our orders.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
                                            associated with government regulations including without limitation:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
                                            we do not obtain the necessary governmental approvals, we will be unable to sub-license or
                                            commercialize our pharmaceutical products; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even
                                            if we obtain regulatory approval for a drug candidate, our products may remain subject to
                                            regulatory scrutiny.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with our Common Stock including without limitation:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            market prices and trading volumes of the Common may be volatile and may be affected by economic
                                            conditions beyond our control; and,</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
                                            is only a limited trading market for our Common Stock and such market may never develop.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These and other risks described in this prospectus
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow, which could cause the trading
price of our Common Stock to decline and could result in a loss of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Summary Risk Factors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The below is a summary of principal risks to
our business and risks associated with this offering. It is only a summary. You should read the more detailed discussion of risks set
forth below and elsewhere in this prospectus for a more complete discussion of the risks listed below and other risks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with our competition, including, but not limited to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
                                            of our current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical
                                            and human resources than we do, which could place us at a significant competitive disadvantage
                                            or deny our marketing exclusivity rights.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
                                            of our current and potential competitors have significantly more experience in the marketing,
                                            commercialization, discovery, development and regulatory approvals of products, which could
                                            place us at a significant competitive disadvantage or deny our marketing exclusivity rights</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with our profitability including, but not limited to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            have never generated revenue and will continue to be unprofitable in the foreseeable future.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            business, operations and plans and timelines could be adversely affected by the effects of
                                            health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
                                            associated with clinical trials and the development of our products, including but not limited
                                            to:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
                                            trials are expensive and time consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            clinical trials could be delayed or unsuccessful, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory
                                            approval for any of our drug candidates when expected, or at all.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business and
                                            operations.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and if such
                                            third parties do not meet our deadlines or otherwise conduct the studies as required, we
                                            may be delayed in progressing, or ultimately may not be able to progress, our drug candidates
                                            to clinical trials.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
    and maintain research institutions to conduct our future trials.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
    co-developers or partners to further post-Phase II clinical trials and eventually commercialize our drug candidates.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            may need to prioritize the development of our most promising candidates at the expense of
                                            the development of other products.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Physicians,
    patients, third-party payors or others in the medical community may not be receptive to our products, and we may not generate any
    future revenue from the sale or licensing of our products.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks associated
    with intellectual property including but not limited to: </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We may not
    be successful in obtaining or maintaining patent or other relating rights necessary to the development of our drug candidates in
    the pipeline;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The intellectual
    property rights underlying our exclusive licensing rights may expire or be terminated due to lack of maintenance;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks associated
    with competition and manufacturing including, but not limited to:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We face competition
    from entities that have developed or are developing products for our target disease indications, including companies developing novel
    treatments and technologies similar to ours; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We depend primarily
    upon a sole supplier of our key extract for three drug candidates and could incur significant costs and delays if we are unable to
    promptly find a replacement for such supplier if the supplier fails to deliver the extract pursuant to our orders.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks associated
    with government regulations including without limitation: </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If we do not
    obtain the necessary governmental approvals, we will be unable to sub-license or commercialize our pharmaceutical products; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even if we
    obtain regulatory approval for a drug candidate, our products may remain subject to regulatory scrutiny.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk associated
    with our Common Stock including without limitation: </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The market
    prices and trading volumes of the Common may be volatile and may be affected by economic conditions beyond our control; and,</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There is only
    a limited trading market for our Common Stock and such market may never develop.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These and other risks described in this prospectus
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow, which could cause the trading
price of our Common Stock to decline and could result in a loss of your investment. In addition, you should carefully consider the risks
described under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page 8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Corporate Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on February 6, 2002. BriVision was incorporated in the State of Delaware on July 21, 2015. BioLite was incorporated in the
State of Nevada on July 27, 2016. BioKey was incorporated in the State of California on November 20, 2000. BriVision, BioLite and BioKey
are three operating subsidiaries that are wholly owned by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s shareholders approved an
amendment to the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company&rsquo;s corporate name from American BriVision (Holding)
Corporation to ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and approved and adopted the Certificate of Amendment to affect same at the 2020 annual meeting of
shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>Annual Meeting</B>&rdquo;). The name change amendment to the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation was
filed with Nevada&rsquo;s Secretary of State and became effective on March 8, 2021 and FINRA approved our application for the name change
as of May 3, 2021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Common Stock was approved for listing on
The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced trading under the ticker symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; on August 3, 2021. The Company&rsquo;s CUSIP
number is 0091F106.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our principal executive office is located at
44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538. Our telephone number at our principal executive office is (510)-668-0881. Our corporate
website of BriVision is http://www.abvcpharma.com<I>.</I> The information on our corporate website is not part of, and is not incorporated
by reference into, this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_004"></A>THE OFFERING</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
    Stock being offered by Selling Stockholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 70%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Up
                                            to 11,714,683 shares of Common Stock, including: (i) up to 3,527,778 shares of Common Stock,
                                            issuable upon full conversion of the Lind Note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, (ii)
                                            up to 5,291,667 shares of Common Stock underlying the Lind Warrant, (iii) up to 211,667 shares
                                            of Common Stock underlying the PA Warrant, (iv) up to 342,857 shares of Common Stock, issuable
                                            upon full conversion of the 2nd Lind Note in the principal amount of $1,200,000, (v) up to
                                            1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Warrant; (vi) 30,000
                                            shares of Common Stock underlying a placement agent common stock purchase warrant pursuant
                                            to the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Transaction; (vii) 285,714&nbsp; shares of Common Stock, issuable
                                            upon full conversion of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note in the principal amount of $1,000,000;
                                            (viii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a common stock purchase warrant pursuant
                                            to the 3rd Lind Transaction; and (ix) 25,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a placement
                                            agent common stock purchase warrant pursuant to the 3rd Lind Transaction.</P>
                                                                     <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Selling Stockholders may sell their shares of Common Stock at prevailing market prices or privately negotiated prices. We will not
    receive any proceeds from the sales by the Selling Stockholders.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use
    of Proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading
    Symbol</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
    Factors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    securities offered by this prospectus are speculative and involve a high degree of risk and investors purchasing securities should
    not purchase the securities unless they can afford the loss of their entire investment. You should read &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo;
    beginning on page 8 for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our securities. </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer
    Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">VStock
    Transfer, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_005"></A>RISK FACTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Investing in our securities includes a high
degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed
below, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business,
financial condition, results of operations and future prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the
market price of our Common Stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to the Company&rsquo;s Business</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Unfavorable global economic conditions,
including as a result of health and safety concerns, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our results of operations could be adversely
affected by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the impact of health
and safety concerns from the current outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus (&ldquo;COVID-19&rdquo;). The spread of the COVID-19, which
was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has caused different countries and cities to mandate curfews,
including &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo; and closures of most non-essential businesses as well as other measures to mitigate the spread
of the virus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The negative impact of COVID-19 on our operations
is ongoing and the extent of which remains uncertain and potentially wide-spread, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to successfully execute our long-term growth strategy during these uncertain times;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to recruit the necessary number of patients
    to complete future clinical trials; </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">supply chain disruptions
    in projects ABV-1504, ABV-1505 and ABV-1601, resulting from reduced workforces, scarcity of raw materials, and scrutiny or embargoing
    of goods produced in infected areas;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to perform
    on-site due-diligence for project ABV-1505 (MDD Phase II completed new drug candidate) and ABV-1701 (Vitargus FIH completed medical
    device) with our potential partners/collaborators in US, Mainland China, and Japan;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to access capital
    sources, as well as the ability of our key customers, suppliers, and vendors to do the same in regard to their own obligations; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diversion of management
    and employee attention and resources from key business activities and risk management outside of COVID-19 response efforts, including
    maintenance of internal controls. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic remains highly volatile
and continues to evolve on a daily basis and therefore, despite our efforts and developments to combat the virus, there can be no assurance
that these measures will prove successful. The extent to which COVID-19 continues to impact the Company&rsquo;s business, sales, and
results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>The Company is a development stage biopharmaceutical
company and is thus subject to the risks associated with new businesses in that industry.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquired the sole licensing rights
to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite and the right to co-develop with BioFirst a medical
device (collectively the &ldquo;ABVC Pipeline Products&rdquo;). As such, the Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with
operations that generate unsubstantial revenues. The Company is establishing and implementing many important functions necessary to operate
a business, including the clinical research and development of the ABVC Pipeline Products, further establishment of the Company&rsquo;s
managerial and administrative structure, accounting systems and internal financial controls</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite and BioKey are expected to continue to
have limited revenue and remain unprofitable for an indefinite period of time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accordingly, you should consider the Company&rsquo;s
prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties that a pharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and revenue faces. In
particular, potential investors should consider that there are significant risks that the Company will not be able to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">implement
                                            or execute its current business plan, or generate profits;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attract
                                            and maintain a skillful management team;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">raise
                                            sufficient funds in the capital markets or otherwise to effectuate its business plan;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">determine
                                            that the processes and technologies that it has developed are commercially viable; and/or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter
                                            into contracts with commercial partners, such as licensors and suppliers.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the above risks occurs, the Company&rsquo;s
business may fail, in which case you may lose the entire amount of your investment in the Company. The Company cannot assure that any
of its efforts in business operations will be successful or result in the timely development of new products, or ultimately produce any
material revenue and profits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As a pre-profit biopharmaceutical company, the
Company needs to transition from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities.
The Company may not be able to reach such transition point or make such a transition, which would have affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>If the Company fails to raise additional
capital, its ability to implement its business model and strategy could be compromised.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has limited capital resources and
operations. The CDMO services provided by BioKey generates a limited amount of revenue that can only partially support the operations
of the Company. To date, the Company&rsquo;s operations have been funded partially from the proceeds from financings or loans from its
shareholders . From time to time, we may seek additional financing to provide the capital required to expand research and development
(&ldquo;R&amp;D&rdquo;) initiatives and/or working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient
to do so. We cannot predict with certainty the timing or amount of any such capital requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not raise sufficient capital
to fund its ongoing development activities, it is likely that it will be unable to carry out its business plans, including R&amp;D development
and expansion of production facilities. Currently, the Company has had to put several projects on hold due to a lack of funding. Even
if the Company obtains financing for near term operations and product development, the Company may require additional capital beyond
the near term. Furthermore, additional capital may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms, if at all, and our
ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions
to and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
If the Company is unable to raise capital when needed, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially
adversely affected, and it could be forced to reduce or discontinue our operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>The Company has no history in obtaining
regulatory approval for, or commercializing, any new drug candidate.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With limited operating history, the Company has
never obtained regulatory approval for, or commercialized, any new drug candidate. It is possible that the FDA may refuse to accept our
planned New Drug Application (or &ldquo;NDA&rdquo;) for any of the six drug products for substantive review or may conclude after review
of our data that our application is insufficient to obtain regulatory approval of the new drug candidates or the medical device. Although
our CDMO strategic business department has experience in obtaining abbreviated new drug application (or &ldquo;ANDA&rdquo;) approvals,
the processes and timelines of obtaining an NDA approval and ANDA approval can differentiate substantially. If the FDA does not accept
or approve our planned NDA for our product candidates, it may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical or manufacturing
validation studies, which may be costly. Depending on the FDA required studies, approval of any NDA or application that we submit may
be significantly delayed, possibly for several years, or may require us to expend more resources than we have. Any delay in obtaining,
or inability to obtain, regulatory approvals of any of our drug candidate will prevent us from sublicensing such product. It is also
possible that additional studies, if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA. If any of these outcomes occurs,
we may be forced to abandon our planned NDA for such drug candidate, which materially adversely affects our business and could potentially
cause us to cease operations. We face similar regulatory risks in a foreign jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Our growth is dependent on our ability
to successfully develop, acquire or license new drugs.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our growth is supported by continuous investment
in time, resources and capital to identify and develop new products or new formulations for the market and market penetration. If we
are unable to either develop new products on our own or acquire licenses for new products from other parties, our ability to grow revenues
and market share will be adversely affected. In addition, we may not be able to recover our investment in the development of new drugs
and medical devices, given that projects may be interrupted, unsuccessful, not as profitable as initially contemplated or we may not
be able to obtain necessary financing for such development. Similarly, there is no assurance that we can successfully secure such rights
from third parties on an economically feasible basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Our current products have certain side
effects. If the side effects associated with our current or future products are not identified prior to their marketing and sale, we
may be required to withdraw such products from the market, perform lengthy additional clinical trials or change the labeling of our products,
any of which could adversely impact our growth.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company researches and develops the following
seven drug products and one medical device: ABV-1501, ABV-1504, ABV-1505, ABV-1519, ABV-1702, ABV-1601 and ABV-1703. Each of these seven
products may cause serious adverse effects to their users. For example, the API of ABV-1501, ABV-1702 and ABV-1703 is Maitake mushroom
extract. Side effects, or adverse events, associated with Maitake mushroom extract include blood bilirubin increase, lymphocyte count
decrease, neutrophil count decrease, platelet count decrease, white blood cell decrease, headache, and hyperglycemia. Serious adverse
events (collectively, the &ldquo;SAE&rdquo;) associated with this compound include leukocytosis, platelet count decrease, eye disorders,
abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorders, aphonia, lung infection, muscle weakness right-sided, confusion, edema cerebral, stroke,
dyspnea, wheezing, and pruritus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 have the same API, &ldquo;Radix
Polygala&rdquo;, which is known as Polygala tenuifolia Willd or PDC-1421 Capsule (&ldquo;Polygala tenuifolia Willd&rdquo;). Side effects,
or adverse events, associated with ABV-1504 and ABV-1505, coming from administration of the trial medicine or examination procedure such
as the procedure of taking blood (fainting, pain and/or bruising), may lead to gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal fullness and constipation),
nervous system disorders (drowsiness, sleepiness, and oral ulcer). In addition, long-term use may cause miscarriages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The safety and preliminary efficacy findings
from this study, combined with the unique properties of ABV-1701, are supportive of further investigation for its use following vitrectomy
surgery in patients requiring vitreous replacement. However, new serious side effects of ABV-1701 may be uncovered as the clinical trials
continue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The occurrence of any of those adverse events
would harm our future sales of these medicines and substantially increase the costs and expenses of marketing these medicines, which
in turn could cause our revenues and net income to decline. In addition, the reputation and sales of our future medicines could be adversely
affected due to the severe side effects discovered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>We may be subject to product liability
claims in the future, which could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any
products that we may develop.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent business risk of exposure
to product liability claims in the event that the uses of our products are alleged to have caused adverse side effects. Side effects
or marketing or manufacturing problems pertaining to any of our products could result in product liability claims or adverse publicity.
These risks will exist for those products in clinical development and with respect to those products that receive regulatory approval
for commercial sale. Furthermore, although we have not historically experienced any problems associated with claims by users of our products,
we do not currently maintain product liability insurance and there could be no assurance that we are able to acquire product liability
insurance with terms that are commercially feasible.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent risk of product liability
claims as a result of the clinical testing of our products and potentially commercially selling any products that we may develop. For
example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing,
manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design,
a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted
under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial
liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability
claims may result in:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">decreased demand for our product candidates or products
    that we may develop;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">injury to our reputation and significant negative media
    attention;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">withdrawal of clinical trial participants;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant costs to defend resulting litigation;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">substantial monetary awards to trial participants or
    patients;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">loss of revenue;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduced resources of our management to pursue our business
    strategy; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the inability to commercialize any products that we
    may develop.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We currently have insurance policies to cover
liabilities under the clinic trials but do not maintain general liability insurance; and even if we have a general liability insurance
in the future, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any product liability litigation
or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. We would need to increase our insurance coverage if and when
we begin selling any product candidate that receives marketing approval. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential
product liability claims, it could prevent or inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which
could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>We have conducted, and may in the future
conduct, clinical trials for certain of our product candidates at sites outside the United States, and the FDA may not accept data from
trials conducted in such locations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have conducted and may in the future choose
to conduct one or more of our clinical trials outside the United States. Although the FDA may accept data from clinical trials conducted
outside the United States, acceptance of this data is subject to certain conditions imposed by the FDA. For example, the clinical trial
must be well designed and conducted and performed by qualified investigators in accordance with ethical principles. The trial population
must also adequately represent the U.S. population, and the data must be applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice
in ways that the FDA deems clinically meaningful. In addition, while these clinical trials are subject to the applicable local laws,
FDA acceptance of the data will be dependent upon its determination that the trials also complied with all applicable U.S. laws and regulations.
There can be no assurance that the FDA will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States. If the FDA does not accept
the data from any of our clinical trials that we determine to conduct outside the United States, it would likely result in the need for
additional trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay or permanently halt our development of the product candidate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the conduct of clinical trials outside
the United States could have a significant impact on us. Risks inherent in conducting international clinical trials include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">foreign regulatory requirements that could restrict
    or limit our ability to conduct our clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">administrative burdens of conducting clinical trials
    under multiple foreign regulatory schema;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">foreign exchange fluctuations; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diminished protection of intellectual property in some
    countries.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>If clinical trials of our product candidates
fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable non-U.S. regulators, we may incur additional costs
or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are not permitted to commercialize, market,
promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from the FDA. Comparable non-U.S. regulatory
authorities impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensive preclinical development and
clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain these approvals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design
and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. Any inability to successfully complete preclinical
and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenues from product sales, regulatory
and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing
of our product candidate beyond the trials and testing that we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials
of our product candidate or other testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable,
or (4) there are unacceptable safety concerns associated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be delayed in obtaining
    marketing approval for our product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not obtain marketing approval
    at all;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain approval for indications
    or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain approval with labeling
    that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be subject to additional
    post-marketing testing or other requirements; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be required to remove the
    product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Even if any of our product candidates receives
marketing approval, it may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party payors and others in
the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidate may be smaller than we estimate.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never completed a new drug or new medical
device FDA application process from Phase I to FDA approval and commercialization. Even if our products are approved by the appropriate
regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, they may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients,
third party payors and others in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing
therapies even when new and potentially more effective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to
the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unless their physicians recommend switching products or they are
required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The potential market opportunities for our products
are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities are predicated on many assumptions, including
industry knowledge and publications, third party research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internal assumptions are
reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and
the reasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate,
the actual markets for our products could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>We may seek to enter into collaborations
with third parties for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. If we fail to enter into such collaborations,
or such collaborations are not successful, we may not be able to capitalize on the market potential of our product candidates.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may seek third-party collaborators for development
and commercialization of our products. Our likely collaborators for any marketing, distribution, development, licensing or broader collaboration
arrangements include large and mid-size pharmaceutical companies, regional and national pharmaceutical companies, non-profit organizations,
government agencies, and biotechnology companies. Our ability to generate revenues from these arrangements will depend on our collaborators&rsquo;
abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborations involving our products will pose
the following risks to us:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            may have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply
                                            to these collaborations;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            may not pursue development and commercialization of our product candidate or may elect not
                                            to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on preclinical or clinical
                                            trial results, changes in the collaborators&rsquo; strategic focus or available funding,
                                            or external factors such as an acquisition that diverts resources or creates competing priorities;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial program, stop
                                            a clinical trial or abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or
                                            require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly
                                            or indirectly with our product candidate if the collaborators believe that competitive products
                                            are more likely to be successfully developed or can be commercialized under terms that are
                                            more economically attractive than ours;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            with marketing and distribution rights to one or more products may not commit sufficient
                                            resources to the marketing and distribution of such product or products;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary
                                            information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our
                                            intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators
                                            may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation
                                            and potential liability;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">disputes
                                            may arise between the collaborators and us that result in the delay or termination of the
                                            research, development or commercialization of our product candidate or that result in costly
                                            litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborations
                                            may be terminated and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue
                                            further development or commercialization of the applicable product candidates.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborative agreements may not lead to development
or commercialization of our product candidate in the most efficient manner or at all. If a collaborator of ours were to be involved in
a business combination, the continued pursuit and emphasis on our product development or commercialization program could be delayed,
diminished or terminated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>ABVC, through BioLite, may not be able
to receive the full amounts available under the collaboration agreement by and between BioLite, Inc. and BioHopeKing, which could increase
its burden to seek additional capital to fund the business operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February and December 2015, BioLite, Inc.,
a subsidiary of BioLite, entered into a total of three collaboration agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for TNBC
(or BLI-1401-2 as used by BioLite internally) and ABV-1504 for MDD (or BLI-1005 as used by BioLite internally) in most Asian countries
and BLI-1006, which has been later replaced with BLI-1008 for ADHD in Asia, excluding Japan. ABVC and BioLite are co-developing ABV-1501
for TNBC and ABV-1504 for MDD pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement and its Addendum entered by and between BriVision and BioLite Taiwan
where ABVC and BriVision are responsible for the clinical trials of such two new drug candidates. In accordance with the terms of the
BioHopeKing Collaboration Agreement for ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 and the Addendum thereto, BioLite shall receive payments of a total of
$10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&rsquo;s
achievements of certain milestones and twelve per cent (12%) of net sales of the drug products when ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 is approved
for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it may not receive the rest
of the payments from BioHopeKing. As a result of BioLite&rsquo;s potential inability to receive the full payments under those collaboration
agreements with BioHopeKing, ABVC may have to seek other sources of financing to fund its operation activities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>ABVC
and its Subsidiaries may not be successful in establishing and maintaining additional strategic partnerships, which could adversely affect
ABVC&rsquo;s ability to develop and commercialize products, negatively impacting its operating results.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to ABVC&rsquo;s current collaboration with BioHopeKing for selected Asian markets, a part of its strategy is to evaluate and,
as deemed appropriate, enter into additional partnerships in the future with major biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. ABVC&rsquo;s
products may prove to be difficult to effectively license out as planned. Various regulatory, commercial and manufacturing factors may
impact ABVC&rsquo;s ability to seek co-developers of or grow revenues from licensing out any of the seven products in the pipeline, none
of which has been fully licensed out. Specifically, ABVC may encounter difficulty by virtue of:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its
    inability to effectively identify and align with commercial partners in the U.S. to collaborate the development of ABV-1504 for the
    treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, ABV-1505 to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disease, ABV-1501 for the treatment of
    Triple Negative Breast Cancer, ABV-1519 to treat of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, ABV-1703 to the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, ABV-1601
    to treat Depression in Cancer Patients and ABV-1702 to treat Myelodysplastic syndromes and ABV-1701 Vitargus for the treatments of
    Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its
    inability to secure appropriate contract research organizations (&ldquo;CRO&rdquo;s) to conduct data analysis, lab research and FDA
    communication; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its
    inability to effectively continue clinical studies on and secure positive research results of all of our investigational new drugs
    to attract additional commercial collaborators outside the U.S.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC
faces significant competition in seeking appropriate partners for its therapeutic candidates, and the negotiation process is time-consuming
and complex. In order for ABVC to successfully partner its autoimmune, CNS and hematology therapeutic candidates, as well as Vitargus,
its medical device, potential partners must view these medicinal candidates as economically valuable in markets they determine to be
attractive in light of the terms that ABVC is seeking and compared to other available products for licensing by other companies. Even
if ABVC is successful in its efforts to establish new strategic partnerships, the terms that ABVC agrees upon may not be favorable, and
it may not be able to maintain such strategic partnerships if, for example, development or approval of an autoimmune therapeutic is delayed
or sales of an approved product are disappointing. Any delay in entering into new strategic partnership agreements related to any of
ABVC&rsquo;s therapeutic candidates could delay the development and commercialization of such candidates and reduce its competitiveness
even if it reaches the market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
ABVC fails to establish and maintain additional strategic partnerships or collaboration related to its therapeutic candidates that have
not been fully licensed, it will bear all of the risk and costs related to the development of any such drug candidate, and it may need
to seek additional financing, hire additional employees and otherwise develop expertise for which it has not budgeted. This could negatively
affect the development of any incompletely partnered new drug candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>ABVC&rsquo;s
licensors may choose to terminate any of the license agreements with ABVC. As a result, ABVC&rsquo;s research and development of new
drug candidates that contain the underlying API may be terminated abruptly. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
ABVC&rsquo;s Subsidiary BioLite materially breaches any license agreements it has with Yukiguni Maitake Co. (&ldquo;Yukiguni&rdquo;),
Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center (&ldquo;MPITDC&rdquo;) or Industrial Technology Research Institute
(&ldquo;ITRI&rdquo;), or any of such license agreement terminates unexpectedly, BioLite may not be able to continue its research and
development of the new drug candidate which contains the underlying API whose license has been terminated. Pursuant to the Yukiguni License
Agreement, if BioLite fails to meet the milestone sales requirement or submit certain applications to the appropriate health authorities
on a schedule prescribed therein, Yukiguni shall have the right to terminate the Yukiguni License Agreement. If the Yukiguni License
Agreement is terminated involuntarily, BioLite will be forced to discontinue its new drug development of ABV-1703, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501
and terminate the collaboration agreements relating to the three new drug candidates. The termination of the right to use the underlying
API will materially disrupt the operations of ABVC. Pursuant to the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and ITRI, if BioLite Taiwan
fails to complete the research submission milestones according to the schedule set forth therein without reasons or with reasons unstatisfied
with ITRI, ITRI shall have the right to terminate the license agreement with BioLite Taiwan without refund to BioLite Taiwan. BioLite
Taiwan and BioLite have submitted the IND for PDC-1421 and subsequently conducted Phase II clinical trials of two drug candidiates developed
from PDC-1421 according to the schedule listed in the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and MPITDC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>ABVC&rsquo;s
Subsidiary BioLite depends on one supplier for the API of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501 and any failure of such supplier
to deliver sufficient quantities of the API that meets its quality standard could have a material adverse effect on its research of these
four drug candidates. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Currently
BioLite relies primarily on Yukiguni, a Japanese supplier, to provide Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404, the API which is contained in ABV-1703,
ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501, four of the seven drug candidates in BioLite&rsquo;s oncology/hematology portfolio. It has entered into
the Yukiguni License Agreement, among other things, for the delivery of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. BioLite agrees to fulfill its demand
of the Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 by purchasing first from Yukiguni respecting the therapeutic products and Yukiguni represents that
it will provide sufficient quantities of such API that meets cGMP standards. If the supplies of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 were interrupted
for any reason, BioLite&rsquo;s research and development activities of these four drug candidates could be delayed. These delays could
be extensive and expensive, especially in situations where a substitution is not readily available.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BioLite
is currently negotiating with another supplier of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 that is located in Canada. However, there can be no assurance
that the negotiation will be successful. Failure to obtain adequate supplies of high quality Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 in a timely
manner could have a disruptive effect on ABVC and BioLite&rsquo;s research and development activities of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502
and ABV-1501, resulting in a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s business, financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>ABVC
may use hazardous chemicals and biological materials in its business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of
these materials could be time consuming and costly. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC&rsquo;s
research and development may involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals and biological materials. ABVC cannot
eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resulting injury from these materials. ABVC may be sued for any injury
or contamination that results from its use or the use by third parties of these materials, and its liability may exceed any insurance
coverage and its total assets. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal
of these hazardous materials and specified waste products, as well as the discharge of pollutants into the environment and human health
and safety matters. Although ABVC makes its best efforts to comply with environmental laws and regulations despite the associated high
costs and inconvenience, ABVC cannot guarantee that it will not mishandle any hazardous materials in the future. If it fails to comply
with these requirements or any improper handling of hazardous materials occurs, it could incur substantial costs, including civil or
criminal fines and penalties, clean-up costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve
and maintain compliance. In addition, ABVC cannot predict the impact on its business of new or amended environmental laws or regulations
or any changes in the way existing and future laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
facilities where the samples of drug candidates are manufactured need to be maintained and monitored in compliance with the good manufacturing
practice standards, the failure of such maintenance could contaminate the results of our clinical trials and adversely affect our operations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC&rsquo;s
Subsidiary BioKey operates a laboratory facility that is a certified good manufacturing practice facility (&ldquo;cGMP&rdquo;) and some
of its contract clinical trial service providers use cGMP facilities to conduct clinical studies. ABVC cannot be certain that ABVC or
its present or future contract manufacturers or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations and other FDA regulatory requirements.
Failure to comply with these requirements may result in, among other things, total or partial suspension of production activities, failure
of the FDA to grant approval for marketing, and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Risks
Related to Intellectual Property</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Pharmaceutical
patents and patent applications involve highly complex legal and factual questions, which, if determined adversely to the Company, could
negatively impact its respective licensors&rsquo; patent position and interrupt its research activities. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
patent positions of pharmaceutical companies and research institutions can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual
questions. The interpretation and breadth of claims allowed in some patents covering pharmaceutical compositions may be uncertain and
difficult to determine, and are often affected materially by the facts and circumstances that pertain to the patented compositions and
the related patent claims. The standards of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, are sometimes uncertain and could change
in the future. Consequently, the issuance and scope of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged,
invalidated or circumvented. U.S. patents and patent applications may also be subject to interference proceedings, and U.S. patents may
be subject to re-examination proceedings, post-grant review and/or inter parties review in the USPTO. Foreign patents may be subject
to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent office, which could result in either loss of the patent or
denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application.
In addition, such interference, re-examination, post-grant review, inter parties review and opposition proceedings may be costly. Accordingly,
rights under any issued patents may not provide the Company with sufficient protection against competitive products or processes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition, changes in or different interpretations of patent laws in the U.S. and foreign countries may permit others to use discoveries
of the Company or to develop and commercialize their new drug candidates without providing any compensation thereto, or may limit the
number of patents or claims the Company can obtain. The laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same
extent as U.S. laws and those countries may lack adequate rules and procedures for defending the intellectual property rights of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the Company fails to obtain and maintain patent protection and trade secret protection of its respective products, the Company could
lose their competitive advantages and competition it faces would increase, reducing any potential revenues and adversely affecting its
ability to attain or maintain profitability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Developments
in patent law could have a negative impact on the Company&rsquo;s Licensors&rsquo; patent positions and the Company&rsquo;s business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">From
time to time, the U.S. Supreme Court, other federal courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may change the standards of patentability
and any such changes could have a negative impact on the Company&rsquo;s business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, which was signed into law in 2011, includes a number of significant
changes to U.S. patent law. These changes include a transition from a &ldquo;first-to-invent&rdquo; system to a &ldquo;first-to-file&rdquo;
system, changes the way issued patents are challenged, and changes the way patent applications are disputed during the examination process.
These changes may favor larger and more established companies that have greater resources to devote to patent application filing and
prosecution. The USPTO has developed regulations and procedures to govern the full implementation of the America Invents Act, and many
of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the America Invents Act, and, in particular, the first-to-file provisions, became
effective on March 16, 2013. Substantive changes to patent law associated with the America Invents Act may affect the Company, BioLite
and BioKey&rsquo;s ability to obtain patents, and if obtained, to enforce or defend them. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any,
impact the America Invents Act will ultimately have on the cost of prosecuting the Company&rsquo;s patent applications, its ability to
obtain patents based on its discoveries and its ability to enforce or defend its patents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>If
the Company is unable to protect the confidentiality of its trade secrets, its business and competitive position would be harmed, respectively.
</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to patent protection, because the Company operates in the highly technical field of discovery and development of therapies,
it relies in part on trade secret protection in order to protect its proprietary technology and processes. However, trade secrets are
difficult to protect. The Company has entered into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with its employees, consultants, outside
scientific and commercial collaborators, sponsored researchers, and other advisors. These agreements generally require that the other
party keep confidential and not disclose to third parties any confidential information developed by the party or made known to the party
by the Company during the course of the party&rsquo;s relationship therewith. These agreements also generally provide that inventions
conceived by the party in the course of rendering services to the Company will be ABVC&rsquo;s exclusive property. However, these agreements
may not be honored and may not effectively assign intellectual property rights to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to contractual measures, the Company tries to protect the confidential nature of its proprietary information using physical
and technological security measures. Such measures may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee
or third party with authorized access, provide adequate protection for the Company. The Company&rsquo;s security measures may not prevent
an employee or consultant from misappropriating its trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and recourse it takes against such
misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy to protect the Company&rsquo;s interests fully. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally
disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition,
courts outside the U.S. may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner
that could prevent legal recourse by the Company. If the Company&rsquo;s confidential or proprietary information, such as the trade secrets,
were to be disclosed or misappropriated, or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, its competitive position
could be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Third
parties may assert that the Company&rsquo;s employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated
trade secrets. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company might employ individuals who were previously employed at universities or other biopharmaceutical companies, including its competitors
or potential competitors. Although through certain non-disclosure covenants and employment agreements with its officers and employees,
the Company tries to ensure that its employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in the work
for the Company, the Company may be subject to claims that it or its employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently
or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer
or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If the Company fails in defending any such claims,
in addition to paying monetary damages, the Company may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if the Company
is successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to the Company&rsquo;s
management and other employees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>ABVC&rsquo;s
ability to compete may decline if it does not adequately protect its proprietary rights or if it is barred by the intellectual property
rights of others. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC&rsquo;s
commercial success depends on obtaining and maintaining proprietary rights to its drug candidates as well as successfully defending these
rights against third-party challenges. ABVC obtains its rights to use and research certain proprietary information to further develop
the drug candidates primarily from three institutions, MPITDC, ITRI and Yukiguni (collectively the &ldquo;Licensors&rdquo;). These three
institutions own the intellectual property rights in the products that have been licensed to us and may prosecute new patents of the
drug candidates that are invented or discovered within the licensed scope of use under the respective license agreements. ABVC will only
be able to protect its new drug candidates from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that its valid and enforceable patents,
or effectively protected trade secrets and know-how, cover them.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC&rsquo;s
ability to obtain new patent protection for its new drug candidates is uncertain due to a number of factors, including that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC
    may not have been the first to make the inventions covered by pending patent applications or issued patents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC
    may not have been the first to file patent applications for its new drug candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">others
    may independently develop identical, similar or alternative products or compositions and uses thereof;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC&rsquo;s
    disclosures in patent applications may not be sufficient to meet the statutory requirements for patentability;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    or all of ABVC&rsquo;s pending patent applications may not result in issued patents;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC
    may not seek or obtain patent protection in countries that may eventually provide a significant business opportunity;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    patents issued to ABVC may not provide a basis for commercially viable products, may not provide any competitive advantages, or may
    be successfully challenged by third parties;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC&rsquo;s
    methods may not be patentable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC&rsquo;s
    licensors may successfully challenge that ABVC&rsquo;s new patent application fall outside the licensed use of the products; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">others
    may design around ABVC&rsquo;s patent claims to produce competitive products which fall outside of the scope of its patents.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Even
if ABVC has or obtains new patents covering its new drug candidates, ABVC may still be barred from making, using and selling them because
of the patent rights of others. Others may have filed, and in the future may file, patent applications covering products that are similar
or identical to ABVC. There are many issued U.S. and foreign patents relating to therapeutic products and some of these relate to ABVC&rsquo;s
new drug candidates. These could materially affect ABVC&rsquo;s ability to develop its drug candidates. Because patent applications can
take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications unknown to ABVC that may later result in issued patents that its
new drug candidates may infringe. These patent applications may have priority over patent applications filed by ABVC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
Company and its respective licensors may not be able to enforce their intellectual property rights throughout the world. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Many companies
have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The
legal systems of some countries, particularly developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property
protection, especially those relating to pharmaceuticals and medical devices. This could make it difficult for the Company and its respective
licensors to stop the infringement of some of the Licensors&rsquo; patents, or the misappropriation of their other intellectual property
rights. For example, many foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties.
In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors.
In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis,
which is an expensive and time-consuming process with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, the Company and its licensors have chosen in the
past and may choose in the future not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and as a result the Company will not have the benefit
of patent protection in such countries. Moreover, the Company may choose in the future not to seek patent protection in certain countries,
and as a result it will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Proceedings
to enforce the Company&rsquo;s and its licensors&rsquo; patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and
divert its efforts and attention from other aspects of the businesses. Accordingly, the efforts to protect the Company&rsquo;s intellectual
property rights in such countries may be inadequate. In addition, changes in the law and legal decisions by courts in the U.S. and foreign
countries may affect the Company&rsquo;s ability to obtain adequate protection for its technology and the enforcement of intellectual
property.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Regulatory
Risks Relating to Biopharmaceutical Business</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
Company is subject to various government regulations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
manufacture and sale of human therapeutic and diagnostic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of
statutes and regulations. These laws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government
review and approval of a submission containing manufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based
on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought, including adherence to current PIC/S Guide to Good Manufacturing
Practice for Medicinal products during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
products the Company is currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of
substantial funds prior to its commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and time-consuming, and there
can be no assurance that future products will be successfully developed and will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or
receive applicable regulatory approvals. Markets other than the U.S. have similar restrictions. Potential investors and shareholders
should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in view of the extensive regulatory
environment which controls our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
Company cannot be certain that it will be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, any of its current or
future product candidates. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company may not be able to develop any current or future product candidates. The Company&rsquo;s new drug candidates will require substantial
additional clinical development, testing, and regulatory approval before the commencement of commercialization. The clinical trials of
the Company&rsquo;s drug candidates are, and the manufacturing and marketing of our new drug candidates will be subject to extensive
and rigorous review and regulation by numerous government authorities in the U.S. and in other countries where the Company intend to
test and, if approved, market any new drug candidate. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate,
the Company must demonstrate through pre-clinical testing and clinical trials that the product candidate is safe and effective for use
in each target indication. This process can take many years and may include post-marketing studies and surveillance, which will require
the expenditure of substantial resources. Of the large number of drugs in development in the U.S., only a small percentage successfully
completes the FDA regulatory approval process and is commercialized. Accordingly, even if the Company is able to obtain the requisite
financing to continue to fund its development and clinical programs, it cannot assure the investors that any of the product candidates
will be successfully developed or commercialized.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company is not permitted to market a therapeutic product in the U.S. until it receives approval of an NDA or ANDA, for that product from
the FDA, or in any foreign countries until they receive the requisite approval from such countries. Obtaining approval of an NDA is a
complex, lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and the FDA may delay, limit or deny approval of any product candidate for many reasons,
including, among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unable
    to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective to the satisfaction of the FDA;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    results of the Company&rsquo;s clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical or clinical significance required by the FDA
    for marketing approval;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may not approve the formulation of any product candidate;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    CROs, that BioLite or the Company retains to conduct its clinical trials may take actions outside of its control that materially
    adversely impact its clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">delays
    in patient enrollment, variability in the number and types of patients available for clinical trials, and lower-than anticipated
    retention rates for patients in clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may find the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials insufficient to demonstrate that a product candidate&rsquo;s
    clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks, such as the risk of drug abuse by patients or the public in general;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may disagree with the interpretation of data from the Company&rsquo;s pre-clinical studies and clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may not accept data generated at the Company&rsquo;s clinical trial sites;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
    an NDA, if and when submitted, is reviewed by an advisory committee, the FDA may have difficulties scheduling an advisory committee
    meeting in a timely manner or the advisory committee may recommend against approval of our application or may recommend that the
    FDA require, as a condition of approval, additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials, limitations on approved labeling or
    distribution and use restrictions;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may require development of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, as a condition of approval or post-approval; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">These
same risks apply to applicable foreign regulatory agencies from which the Company, through BioLite, may seek approval for any of our
new drug candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Any
of these factors, many of which are beyond the Company&rsquo;s control, could jeopardize its ability to obtain regulatory approval for
and successfully market any new drug candidate. As a result, any such setback in the Company&rsquo;s pursuit of initial or additional
regulatory approval would have a material adverse effect on its business and prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the Company does not successfully complete pre-clinical and Phase I and II clinical development, it will be unable to receive full payments
under their respective collaboration agreements, find future collaborators or partners to take the drug candidates to Phase III clinical
trials. Even if the Company successfully completes all Phase I and II clinical trials, those results are not necessarily predictive of
results of additional trials that may be needed before an NDA for Phase III trials may be submitted to the FDA. Although there are a
large number of drugs in development in the U.S. and other countries, only a very small percentage result in commercialization, and even
fewer achieve widespread physician and consumer acceptance following the regulatory approval.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition, the Company may encounter delays or drug candidate rejections based on new governmental regulations, future legislative or
administrative actions, or changes in FDA policy or interpretation during the period of product development. If the Company obtains required
regulatory approvals, such approvals may later be withdrawn. Delays or failures in obtaining regulatory approvals may result in:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">varying
    interpretations of data and commitments by the FDA and similar foreign regulatory agencies; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diminishment
    of any competitive advantages that such drug candidates may have or attain.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Furthermore,
if the Company fails to comply with applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements at any stage during this regulatory process, the
Company may encounter or be subject to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">delays
    or termination in clinical trials or commercialization;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">refusal
    by the FDA or similar foreign regulatory agencies to review pending applications or supplements to approved applications;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">product
    recalls or seizures;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">suspension
    of manufacturing;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">withdrawals
    of previously approved marketing applications; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fines,
    civil penalties, and criminal prosecutions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
Company faces substantial competition from companies with considerably more resources and experience than the Company has, which may
result in others discovering, developing, receiving approval for, or commercializing products before or more successfully than the Company.
</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company competes with companies that research, develop, manufacture and market already-existing and new pharmaceutical products in the
fields of CNS, hematology/oncology and autoimmune. The Company anticipates that it will face increased competition in the future as new
companies enter the market with new drugs and/or technologies and/or their competitors improve their current products. One or more of
their competitors may offer new drugs superior to the Company&rsquo;s and render the Company&rsquo;s drugs uneconomical. A lot of the
Company&rsquo;s current competitors, as well as many of its respective potential competitors, have greater name recognition, more substantial
intellectual property portfolios, longer operating histories, significantly greater resources to invest in new drug development, more
substantial experience in product marketing and new product development, greater regulatory expertise, more extensive manufacturing capabilities
and the distribution channels to deliver products to customers. If the Company is not able to compete successfully, it may not generate
sufficient revenue to become profitable. The Company&rsquo;s ability to compete successfully will depend largely on its ability to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">successfully
    commercialize its drug candidates with commercial partners;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">discover
    and develop new drug candidates that are superior to other products in the market;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">with
    its collaborators, obtain required regulatory approvals;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attract
    and retain qualified personnel; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain
    patent and/or other proprietary protection for its product candidates.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Established
pharmaceutical companies devote significant financial resources to discovering, developing or licensing novel compounds that could make
the Company&rsquo;s products and product candidates obsolete. Our competitors may obtain patent protection, receive FDA approval, and
commercialize medicines before we do. Other companies are or may become engaged in the discovery of compounds or botanical materials
that may compete with the drug candidates the Company is developing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company competes with a large number of well-established pharmaceutical companies that may have more resources than the Company does
in developing therapeutics in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology and ophthalmology.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Any
new drug candidate the Company is developing or commercializing that competes with a currently-approved product must demonstrate compelling
advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability and/or safety in order to address price competition and be commercially successful.
If the Company is not able to compete effectively against its current and future competitors, its business will not grow and its financial
condition and operations will suffer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Risks
Relating to Doing Business Outside the United States</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Because
part of ABVC&rsquo;s pharmaceutical research and development is conducted outside of the U.S., the Company is subject to the risks of
doing business internationally, including periodic foreign economic downturns and political instability, which may adversely affect the
Company&rsquo;s revenue and cost of doing business in Taiwan.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC
collaborates with partners whose primary place of business is in Taiwan, Republic of China and the Company has certain key employees
in Taiwan. Foreign economic downturns may affect our results of operations in the future. Additionally, other facts relating to the operation
of the Company&rsquo;s business outside of the U.S. may have a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s business, financial condition
and results of operations, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">international
    economic and political changes;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    imposition of governmental controls or changes in government regulations, including tax laws, regulations and treaties;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
    in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements regarding the pharmaceutical industry;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">compliance
    with U.S. and international laws involving international operations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and export control
    laws;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    in achieving headcount reductions due to unionized labor and works councils;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">restrictions
    on transfers of funds and assets between jurisdictions; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">China-
    Taiwan geo-political instability.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
the Company continues to operate its business globally, its success will depend in part, on its ability to anticipate and effectively
manage these risks. The impact of any one or more of these factors could materially adversely affect the Company&rsquo;s business, financial
condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
Company may be exposed to liabilities under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (&ldquo;FCPA&rdquo;) and Chinese anti-corruption law.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company is subject to the FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments, foreign
government officials and political parties by U.S. persons as defined by the statute for purposes of obtaining or retaining businesses.
The Company may have agreements with third parties who may make sales in mainland China and the U.S., during the process of which the
Company may be exposed to corruption. Activities in Taiwan create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by an employee,
consultant or agent of the Company, because these parties are not always subject to the Company&rsquo;s control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Although
the Company believes to date it has complied in all material aspects with the provisions of the FCPA and Chinese anti-corruption law,
the existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective and any of the Company&rsquo;s employees, consultants
or agents may engage in corruptive conduct for which the Company might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anti-corruption
law may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions against the Company and individuals and therefore could negatively affect the Company&rsquo;s
business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the Taiwanese government may seek to hold the Company liable as a successor
for FCPA violations committed by companies in which the Company invests or acquires.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>International
operations expose the Company to currency exchange and repatriation risks, and the Company cannot predict the effect of future exchange
rate fluctuations on its business and operating results.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company has business operations in Taiwan and collaborative activities in the U.S. and Japan. Substantial amounts of revenues are received
and expenses are incurred in New Taiwan Dollars and U.S. dollars. Thus, the Company has exposure to currency fluctuations. The Company
cannot assure you that the effect of currency exchange fluctuations will not materially affect its revenues and net income in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>We
conduct our operations internationally and the effect of business, legal and political risks associated with international operations
may seriously harm our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Sales to customers outside the United States
accounted for 93% and 66% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our international sales and operations are subject
to a wide range of risks, which may vary from country to country or region to region. These risks include the following:</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">export
    and import duties, changes to import and export regulations, and restrictions on the transfer of funds;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">political
    and economic instability;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issues
    arising from cultural or language differences and labor unrest;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">longer
    payment cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">compliance
    with trade and technical standards in a variety of jurisdictions;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    in staffing and managing international operations, including the risks associated with fraud, theft and other illegal conduct;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">compliance
    with laws and regulations, including environmental, employment and tax laws, which vary from country to country and over time, increasing
    the costs of compliance and potential risks of non-compliance; </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect
    intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States and European countries;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">operations
    may be affected by political tensions, trade disputes and similar matters, particularly between China and Taiwan or between China
    and the United States;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    States and foreign trade restrictions, including those that may limit the importation of technology or components to or from various
    countries or impose tariffs or quotas; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">imposition
    of currency exchange controls or taxes that make it impracticable or costly to repatriate funds from foreign countries.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
cannot assure you that risks relating to our international operations will not seriously harm our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>If
the Company becomes directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies,
we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matters. Any unfavorable results from the investigations could
harm our business operations, this offering and our reputation.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Recently,
U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, have been subjects of intense scrutiny, criticism and
negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and
negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities, lack of effective internal control over financial accountings,
inadequate corporate governance and ineffective implementation thereof and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of enhanced
scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in
value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless or illiquid. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits
and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effects
the sector-wide investigations will have on the Company. If the Company becomes a subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such
allegations are proven to be true or untrue, the Company will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and
defend the Company. If such allegations were not proven to be baseless, the Company would be severely hampered and the price of the stock
of the Company could decline substantially. If such allegations were proven to be groundless, the investigation might have significantly
distracted the attention of the Company&rsquo;s management.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Risks
Related to the Company&rsquo;s Financial Condition</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Our
existing indebtedness may adversely affect our ability to obtain additional funds and may increase our vulnerability to economic or business
downturns. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are subject to a number of risks associated
with our indebtedness, including: 1) we must dedicate a portion of our cash flows from operations to pay debt service costs, and therefore
we have less funds available for operations and other purposes; 2) it may be more difficult and expensive to obtain additional funds
through financings, if available at all; 3) we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and fluctuations in interest rates, less able
to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in reacting to changes in our industry and general economic conditions; and 4) if
we default under any of our existing credit facilities or if our creditors demand payment of a portion or all of our indebtedness, we
may not have sufficient funds to make such payments. As of December 31, 2023, our outstanding current liabilities were approximately
$5.6 million, respectively, which consisted primarily of short-term bank loans and accrued expenses. On April 5 and 20, 2020, we entered
into certain exchange agreements separately with certain U.S. and non-U.S. holders of certain convertible promissory notes in the aggregate
amount of $1,446,780; pursuant to the exchange agreements, we issued to the Holders an aggregate of 795,735 shares of Common Stock and
warrants to purchase 795,735 shares of Common Stock. On November 9, 2020, we entered into an exchange agreement with a certain non-U.S.
holder of certain convertible promissory notes in the amount of $270,272; pursuant to the exchange agreements, we will issue to the holder
an aggregate of 120,121 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase 120,121 shares of Common Stock. We also agreed to issue an aggregate
of 545,182 options of common stock to some of our employees in lieu of their deferred salaries in an aggregate amount of $1,090,360.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Failure
to remediate a material weakness in internal accounting controls could result in material misstatements in our financial statements.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management has identified a material weakness
in our internal control over financial reporting related to not having sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with appropriate level
of technical accounting knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
commensurate with the Company&rsquo;s financial reporting requirements and has concluded that, due to such material weakness, our disclosure
controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2023. If not remediated, or if we identify further material weaknesses
in our internal controls, our failure to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over
financial reporting could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and a failure to meet our reporting and financial
obligations, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the trading price of our common stock.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Failure
to maintain the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures may lead to restatement of our financial statements, harm our
operating results, subject us to regulatory scrutiny and sanction, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information
and have a negative effect on the market prices for our Common Stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have requirements that we may fail to meet or we may fall
out of compliance with, such as the internal controls auditor attestation required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
with which we are not currently required to comply as we are a smaller reporting company. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy
of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that
we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Moreover, effective internal controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, are necessary
for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial
reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial
information, and the trading price of our stock could drop significantly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Our
articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our shareholders, which
could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our Common Stock. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock without shareholder
approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders
the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders
of Common Stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of our Common Stock.
In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our
Common Stock or that is convertible into our Common Stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our Common Stock or result
in dilution to our existing shareholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
may create any additional series of preferred stock and issue such shares in the future although we do not have any present intention
of doing so.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>We
may not be able to secure financing needed for future operating needs on acceptable terms, or on any terms at all.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">From
time to time, we may seek additional financing to provide the capital required to expand our production facilities, Research and development
(&ldquo;R&amp;D&rdquo;) initiatives and/or working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient
to do so. We cannot predict with certainty the timing or amount of any such capital requirements. If such financing is not available
on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to expand our business or to develop new business at the rate desired. If we are able to incur
debt, we may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by the terms of the debt and the repayment of such debt may limit our cash flow
and growth. If we are unable to incur debt, we may be forced to issue additional equity, which could have a dilutive effect on our current
shareholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Our
internal computer systems, or those of our third-party contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, which could
result in a material disruption of our product development programs. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Despite
the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our third-party contractors and consultants are vulnerable
to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures.
While we do not believe that we have experienced any such system failure, accident, or security breach to date, if such an event were
to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a loss of clinical trial data for our new drug candidates which
could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the
extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications or other data or applications
relating to our technology or new drug candidates, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur
liabilities and the further development of our product candidates could be delayed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
elimination of personal liability against our directors and officers under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights held
by our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenses. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC
Bylaws eliminate the personal liability of our directors and officers to us and our shareholders for damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director or officer to the extent permissible under Nevada law. Further, our Bylaws provide that we are obligated to indemnify
each of our directors or officers to the fullest extent authorized by Nevada law and, subject to certain conditions, advance the expenses
incurred by any director or officer in defending any action, suit or proceeding prior to its final disposition. Those indemnification
obligations could expose us to substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors or officers,
which we may be unable to afford. Further, those provisions and resulting costs may discourage us or our shareholders from bringing a
lawsuit against any of our current or former directors or officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, even if such actions might
otherwise benefit our shareholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Risks
Related to the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
share price of our Common Stock is volatile and may be influenced by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">There
is currently only a limited public market for our Common Stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance
that a trading market will develop further or be maintained for our Common Stock in the future. The trading price of our Common Stock
is likely to be highly volatile, and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our
control. In addition to the factors discussed in this &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section and elsewhere herein, these factors include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    new drug candidates we acquire for commercialization;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    product candidates we seek to pursue, and our ability to obtain rights to develop those product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    decision to initiate a clinical trial, not to initiate a clinical trial or to terminate an existing clinical trial;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual
    or anticipated adverse results or delays in our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    failure to get any of our new drug candidates approved;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unanticipated
    serious safety and environmental concerns related to the use and research activities of any of our new drug candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">overall
    performance of the equity markets and other factors that may be unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance
    of our competitors, including changes in market valuations of similar companies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">conditions
    or trends in the healthcare, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">introduction
    of new products offered by us or our competitors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements
    of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to maintain an adequate rate of growth and manage such growth;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issuances
    of debt or equity securities by us;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales
    of our securities by us or our shareholders in the future, or the perception that such sales could occur;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">trading
    volume of our Common Stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effectiveness
    of our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">general
    political and economic conditions in U.S. and other countries and territories where we conduct our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effects
    of natural or man-made catastrophic events; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">adverse
    regulatory decisions;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
    or departures of key scientific or management personnel;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
    in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates, including without limitation clinical trial requirements for approvals;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">disputes
    or other developments relating to patents and other proprietary rights and our ability to obtain protection for our products;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    dependence on third parties, including CROs and scientific and medical advisors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to meet or exceed any financial guidance or expectations regarding development milestones that we may provide to the public;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual
    or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
    events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition, the stock market in general, and the stocks of small-cap healthcare, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in particular,
have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance
of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual
operating performance. The realization of any of the above risks or any of a broad range of other risks, including those described in
these &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; could have a dramatic and material adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Insiders
have substantial control over us, and they could delay or prevent a change in our corporate control even if our other shareholders wanted
it to occur.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our executive officers, directors, and principal
shareholders own, in the aggregate, approximately 61.4% of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result of their stockholdings, these shareholders
are able to assert substantial control over matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval
of significant corporate transactions. This could delay or prevent an outside party from acquiring or merging with us even if our other
shareholders wanted it to occur.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>The
market price of our Common Stock may be volatile</I> and <I>there may not be sufficient liquidity in the market for our securities in
order for investors to sell their securities.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
market price of our Common Stock has been and will likely continue to be highly volatile, as is the stock market in general. Factors
that may materially affect the market price of our Common Stock are beyond our control, these factors may materially adversely affect
the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our performance. In addition, the public stock markets have experienced extreme price
and trading volume volatility. These broad market fluctuations may influence the market price of our Common Stock. There is currently
only a limited public market for our Common Stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance that a
trading market will develop further or be maintained in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity
securities of many companies, including very recently in connection with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in decreased
stock prices for many companies notwithstanding the lack of a fundamental change in their underlying business models or prospects. These
fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry
factors, including potentially worsening economic conditions and other adverse effects or developments relating to the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic, political, regulatory and other market conditions, may negatively affect the market price of shares of our common stock, regardless
of our actual operating performance. The market price of shares of our common stock may decline and you may lose some or all of your
investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>We
have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to
the value of our shares.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
have never paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and
any return on investment may be limited to the value of our Common Stock. We plan to retain any future earnings to finance growth.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
applicable Nevada law, we, as a Nevada corporation, generally may not make a distribution if i) we would not be able to pay our debts
as they become due in the usual course of business, or ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus
the amount that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution
of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price
and any trading volume could decline.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Any
trading market for our Common Stock that may develop will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts
publish about us or our business. As of the date hereof, there is only 1 publish research report about our business. If securities or
industry analysts provide additional coverage, and one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable
research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or
fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Common Stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and any trading
volume to decline.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Future
sales and issuances of our Common Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plan or otherwise,
could result in dilution of the percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause our stock price to fall. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
expect that we will need significant additional capital in the future to continue our planned operations. To raise capital, we may sell
Common Stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from
time to time. If we sell Common Stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, including issuance
of equity securities pursuant to any future stock incentive plan to our officers, directors, employees and non-employee consultants for
their services to us, investors in a prior transaction may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Additionally, any such sales may
result in material dilution to our existing shareholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those
of holders of our Common Stock. Further, any future sales of our Common Stock by us or resales of our Common Stock by our existing shareholders
could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. Any future grants of options, warrants or other securities exercisable or
convertible into our Common Stock, or the exercise or conversion of such shares, and any sales of such shares in the market, could have
an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock. On October 29, 2021, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3, as amended
on November 16, 2021, which was declared effective on November 29, 2021. On May 11, 2022, we agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of Common
Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a price of $2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock,
exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share pursuant to certain securities purchase agreement dated May 11, 2022, which was effected as
a takedown off the Company&rsquo;s shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended. We also issued the co-placement agents warrants
to purchase up to 160,000 shares of Common Stock, on the same terms as the investors warrants in connection with the transaction. We
may issue shares of Common Stock through the Form S-3 in the future, which would further dilute your ownership.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Our
Common Stock may be subject to the &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo; rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which may make it more
difficult for shareholders to sell our Common Stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes the definition of a &ldquo;penny stock,&rdquo; for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity
security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock,
unless exempt, the rules require that a broker or dealer approve a person&rsquo;s account for transactions in penny stocks, and the broker
or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock
to be purchased.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
order to approve a person&rsquo;s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must obtain financial information and
investment experience objectives of the person, and make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable
for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of
transactions in penny stocks.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to
the penny stock market, which, in highlight form sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination,
and that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Generally,
brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo; rules. This may make it more
difficult for investors to dispose of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock if and when such shares are eligible for sale and may cause a
decline in the market value of its stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Disclosure
also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions
payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies
available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent
price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Our
failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our Common Stock</I>.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, such as the corporate governance requirements or
the minimum closing bid price requirement, the Nasdaq Capital Market may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting would
likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when
you wish to do so.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq
Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common
stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(a)(2) (&ldquo;Rule 5550(a)(2)&rdquo;). Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we have until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance. Since
we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule
5550(a)(2).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">On May 24, 2023, the
Company received a deficiency letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock
Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity
requirement, or the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing
on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&rsquo; equity of at least
$2,500,000, and the Company&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo; equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules,
the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance.&nbsp;After submitting a plan to regain
compliance, on July 10, 2023,Nasdaq granted the Company an extension until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).&nbsp;On
July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share,
in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023,
$500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion,
the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $0.5M. Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement
with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property
and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&rsquo;
equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which
the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &ldquo;Lind Offering&rdquo;), for a purchase
price of $3,175,000 (the &ldquo;Lind Note&rdquo;), that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of
$1.05 per share, subject to adjustment.&nbsp;On August 24, 2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under
the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678 shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Monthly Shares&rdquo;) at the Redemption
Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the
next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind
a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&rsquo; equity increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four
transactions referenced above, the Company&rsquo; estimated that its stockholders&rsquo; equity would increase by approximately $10.65M.
On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of
the Company&rsquo;s next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
our common stock were delisted from the Nasdaq, trading of our common stock would most likely take place on an over-the-counter market
established for unlisted securities, such as the OTCQB or the Pink Market maintained by OTC Markets Group Inc. An investor would likely
find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations in seeking to buy, our common stock on an over-the-counter market,
and many investors would likely not buy or sell our common stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing
them from trading in securities not listed on a national exchange or other reasons. In addition, as a delisted security, our common stock
would be subject to SEC rules as a &ldquo;penny stock,&rdquo; which impose additional disclosure requirements on broker-dealers. The
regulations relating to penny stocks, coupled with the typically higher cost per trade to the investor of penny stocks due to factors
such as broker commissions generally representing a higher percentage of the price of a penny stock than of a higher-priced stock, would
further limit the ability of investors to trade in our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
the event of a delisting, we anticipate that we would take actions to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market or another
national exchange&rsquo;s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our Common
Stock to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, stabilize our market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our
common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq Capital Market&rsquo;s minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with
the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange&rsquo;s listing requirements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>We
will continue to incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required
to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements as a result of our Common Stock being listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
will continue to incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required
to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market. As a public company, we will continue to incur
significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are subject to mandatory reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which require,
among other things, that we continue to file with the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial
condition, that we were not required to file as a voluntary reporting company (though we did file such reports with the SEC on a voluntary
basis). We have incurred and will continue to incur costs associated with the preparation and filing of these SEC reports. Furthermore,
we are subject to mandatory new corporate governance and other compliance requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market. In addition, the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
and the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange have imposed various other requirements on public companies. Stockholder activism,
the current political environment and the current high level of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial
new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to additional compliance costs and impact (in ways we cannot currently anticipate)
the way we operate our business. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance
initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will
make some activities more time-consuming and costly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition, if and when we cease to be a smaller reporting company and become subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will
be required to furnish an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public
accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed time period, we will continue to be engaged in a process
to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will
need to dedicate substantially greater internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess
and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate
through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal
control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that our independent registered public accounting firm, when required,
will not be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required
by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our
financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><A NAME="a_006"></A>SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements based on our current expectations,
assumptions, estimates and projections about us, our industry and the regulatory environment in which we and companies integral to our
ecosystem operate. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled &ldquo;Prospectus Summary,&rdquo;
&ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; &ldquo;Use of Proceeds,&rdquo; &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations&rdquo; and &ldquo;Business.&rdquo; These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors
that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking
statements. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo;
&ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;aim,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo;
&ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;is/are likely to&rdquo; or other similar expressions.
The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus relate to, among others:</FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risks
    and uncertainties associated with our research and development activities, including our clinical trials and preclinical studies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals or of alternative regulatory pathways for our drug candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    potential market opportunities for commercializing our drug candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    expectations regarding the potential market size and the size of the patient populations for our drug candidates, if approved for
    commercial use, and our ability to serve such markets;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">estimates
    of our expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to develop, acquire and advance our product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical trials and preclinical studies
    and obtain regulatory approvals;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business and drug candidates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    initiation, cost, timing, progress and results of future preclinical studies and clinical trials, and our research and development
    programs;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    terms of future licensing arrangements, and whether we can enter into such arrangements at all;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">timing
    and receipt or payments of licensing and milestone revenues, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our drug candidates and our ability
    to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulatory
    developments in the United States and foreign countries;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    performance of our third party suppliers and manufacturers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to maintain and establish collaborations or obtain additional funding;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    success of competing therapies that are currently or may become available;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to continue as a going concern;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    effect of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    financial performance; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">developments
    and projections relating to our competitors and our industry.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
caution you that the forward-looking statements highlighted above do not encompass all of the forward-looking statements made in this
prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are important factors that could cause
actual results to vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, estimated or expected, including, but not limited to: the
effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, including on the demand for our products&#894; the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and severity of
such outbreak in regions where we operate&#894; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 outbreak&#894; our ability to implement cost
containment and business recovery strategies&#894; the adverse effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business or the market price of
our common stock; competition in the industry in which we operate and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins,
volatility in the securities market due to the general economic downturn; SEC regulations which affect trading in the securities of &ldquo;penny
stocks,&rdquo; and other risks and uncertainties described herein and the risk factors set forth in Part I - Item 1A, &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;,
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on March 14, 2024, and elsewhere in the
documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and challenging environment. New
risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have
an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur,
and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Except as
required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could
differ materially from those anticipated in any forward- looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
Depending on the market for our stock and other conditional tests, a specific safe harbor under the Private Securities Litigation Reform
Act of 1995 may be available. Notwithstanding the above, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities
Act&rdquo;) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;) expressly state that
the safe harbor for forward-looking statements does not apply to companies that issue penny stock. Because we may from time to time be
considered to be an issuer of penny stock, the safe harbor for forward-looking statements may not apply to us at certain times.<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus relate only
to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such
forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated
events. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should
not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any
future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, other strategic transactions or investments we may make.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><A NAME="a_007"></A>USE
OF PROCEEDS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of Common Stock by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus. All
proceeds from the sale of the shares will be for the account of the selling stockholder. The selling stockholder may sell these shares
in the open market or otherwise, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, or
at negotiated prices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
selling stockholder will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the selling stockholder for brokerage
or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the selling stockholder in disposing of the shares included in this prospectus. We
will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including
all registration and filing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and accountants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>DETERMINATION
OF OFFERING PRICE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
selling stockholders may sell these shares in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale,
at prices related to the prevailing market price, or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by
the selling stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><A NAME="a_008"></A>MANAGEMENT&rsquo;S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>The
following discussion and analysis should be read together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in
this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties.
See &ldquo;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data&rdquo; for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks
and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed
in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and elsewhere
in this prospectus.</I></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From its inception, the Company has not generated
substantial revenue from its medical device and new drug development. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated $152,430
in revenue, mainly from the sale of Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization (&ldquo;CDMO&rdquo;) services.<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Business
Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC
BioPharma Inc., which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 6, 2002, is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical
company focused on development of new drugs and medical devices, all of which are derived from plants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Medicines
derived from plants have a long history of relieving or preventing many diseases and, typically, have exhibited fewer side effects than
drugs developed from animals or chemical ingredients. Perhaps the most famous example is aspirin, which evolved from a compound found
in the bark and leaves of the willow tree and was later marketed by Bayer starting in 1899. Aspirin has very few serious side effects
and has proven to be one of the most successful drugs in medical history. Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds
in the rosy periwinkle, which Eli Lilly subsequently produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease. Other well-known examples
of successful botanical drugs include the cancer-fighting Taxol, isolated from the Pacific yew tree.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company develops its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in
the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&rsquo;s scientists
and other specialists known to the Company to identify drugs that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&rsquo;s
internal qualifications. Once a drug is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization, BriVision
licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly respected
principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, we have found that research institutions in
each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Currently,
institutions conducting phase II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Medical Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>&reg;
                                            </SUP>in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator:
                                            Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye
                                            Group &amp; East Melbourne Retina, Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss
                                            Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Drug: ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit
                                            Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">II,
                                            NCE drug Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University
                                            of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression
                                            in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
                                            Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
    ABV-1519, A Phase I/II, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BLEX 404 Oral Liquid Combined with Pemetrexed + Carboplatin
    Therapy in Patients with Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic EGFR wild-type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of the Phase II trial,
the Company will seek a partner - a large pharmaceutical company - to complete a Phase III study, submit the New Drug Application (NDA),
and commercialize the drug upon approval by the FDA and Taiwan FDAs.<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another part of the Company&rsquo;s business
is conducted by BioKey, a wholly owned subsidiary, that is engaged in a wide range of services, including, API characterization, pre-formulation
studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing
clinical trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 21, 2023, Dr. Howard Doong resigned from
his position as the Company&rsquo;s CEO. The Company&rsquo;s board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the
Company&rsquo;s CEO.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership
of certain property and a parcel of the land (collectively, the &ldquo;Property&rdquo;) owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate
of 370,000 shares of Common Stock at $20 per share (the &ldquo;Zhonghui Shares&rdquo;). Accordingly, stockholders&rsquo; equity increased
by $7.4M.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Zhonghui plan to jointly develop
the Property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the areas of ABVCs&rsquo; special interests,
such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base for the China market and global development
of these interests. The asset ownership certification is in the application process and pending approval from the Chinese government.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the third quarter of 2023, the Company
issued the Zhonghui Shares. The Zhonghui Shares are subject to a lock-up period of one year following the closing date of this Transaction.
In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the shares issued
or the value of the Property increase or decrease, the parties will negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments thereto; provided,
however that in no event shall Zhonghui&rsquo;s ownership exceed 19.99% of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a
binding term sheet with Xinnovation Therapeutics Co., Ltd., a Company incorporated under the Law of People&rsquo;s Republic of China.
The term sheet contemplates that, pursuant to definitive agreements, Xinnovation will be granted an exclusive license to develop, manufacture,
market, and distribute ABV-1504 for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and ABV-1505 for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, in the
Chinese market and shall bear the costs for clinical trials and product registration in China and the Company would receive an initial
license fee and royalty payments ranging from 5% to 12% based on the projected annual net sales of the licensed drugs by Xinnovation
in China. This transaction remains subject to the negotiation of definitive documents and therefore there is no guarantee that this transaction
will occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AIBL for the Company
and BioLite&rsquo;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
(the &ldquo;Licensed Products&rdquo;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&rsquo; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights. The Licensed Products for MDD and ADHD, owned by ABVC and BioLite, were valued at $667M by a third-party
evaluation. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working
to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As
per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares of AIBL stock at $10 per share, and if certain
milestones are met, each of ABVC and BioLite may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. Upon
the issuance of the shares, AIBL became a subsidiary of ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&ldquo;<B>Shuling</B>&rdquo;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &ldquo;<B>Land</B>&rdquo;) to the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;). Shuling
is a director of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the
Company&rsquo;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In consideration for the Land, the Company shall
pay Shuling (i) 703,495 restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) at a price of $3.50 per
share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00
per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling will also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company.
Thus, the parties value the exchange at approximately $2,962,232.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Use of acquired land</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC acquired the real estate described above
for the long-term purpose of supporting its pipeline of products and reducing costs. As per FDA guidelines, the raw material of botanical
drugs must be grown in a specific area under Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) or in an environmentally fully controlled plant factory
to maintain quality. By acquiring land, ABVC plans to grow its botanical drug raw materials under its control; doing this will help the
Company maintain the quality of the product and lower the cost of raw materials, which in turn will lower the cost of the drug substance
and the drug product when it&rsquo;s botanical drugs become commercialized.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Common
Stock Reverse Split</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&rsquo;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. Unless otherwise noted, all
shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>NASDAQ Listing</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
August 2022, we received a deficiency letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) notifying us
that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required
for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&ldquo;Rule 5550(a)(2)&rdquo;). In accordance
with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2). Since
the Company did not regain compliance by such date, it requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply
with Rule 5550(a)(2).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
deficiency has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, and its common stock continues to trade on The
Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; at this time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
at any time before August 14, 2023, the bid price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock closes at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum
of 10 consecutive business days, the Staff will provide written confirmation that the Company has achieved compliance and the matter
will be closed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the Company does not regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) by August 14, 2023, the Staff will provide written notification that the
Company&rsquo;s securities will be delisted, although the Company maintains the right to appeal such determination. The Company intends
to actively monitor the closing bid price for its common stock and will consider available options to resolve the deficiency and regain
compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
August 8, 2023, the Company received a notification letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that for 10
consecutive business days, from July 25, 2023 to August 7, 2023, the closing bid price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock has been at
least $1.00 per share or greater. Accordingly, the Staff determined that the Company regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2)
and indicated that the matter is now closed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&rsquo; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023, Nasdaq granted the Company an
extension until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common
Stock and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction,
the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the
holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $0.5M.
Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co.,
Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange
for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&rsquo; equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible
note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &ldquo;Lind Offering&rdquo;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &ldquo;Lind Note&rdquo;),
that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment. On August 24,
2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678
shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Monthly Shares&rdquo;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share.
Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of
September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&rsquo;
equity increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&rsquo; estimated that its stockholders&rsquo;
equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company is in compliance with Rule
5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&rsquo;s next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, it may
be subject to delisting.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Recent
Research Results</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus&reg; Phase II Study has been initiated
in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind
Hospital of the two Thailand sites and Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group
&amp; East Melbourne Retina of the two Australian sites. The Phase II study has started in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> quarter of 2023. The company
is working on improvements to the Vitargus product through the new batch of investigational product.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). Designated ABV-2002 under the Company&rsquo;s product identification system, the solution
is comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery
storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within
the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents
donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant
antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further clinical development task was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing agreements BioFirst maintains with domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, BioFirst&rsquo;s
main research and development product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&reg;), licensed by the National Health Research Institutes.
Vitargus is the world&rsquo;s first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes
by minimizing medical complications and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 12, 2022, the Company announced the enrollment
progress in the Phase II Part II clinical study of the company&rsquo;s ADHD medicine (ABV-1505). Since the first-treated subject reported
on May 10, 2022, a total of sixty-nine (69) subjects have been enrolled in the study, including 50 who have completed the 56-day treatment.
The study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study entitled &ldquo;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421
Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part II, is expected to eventually involve approximately
100 patients. Five prestigious research hospitals in Taiwan and the research hospital at the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF) are participating in the study which is a continuation of the Phase II part 1 study of ABV-1505 completed successfully at UCSF
and accepted by the U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration in October of 2020. The UCSF Medical Center Institutional Review Board has approved
participation in the Part II study, and the site initiation visit was conducted in March 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Public Offering &amp; Financings</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>2024 Financings</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&ldquo;Lind&rdquo;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333 (the &ldquo;3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note&rdquo;),
that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the
&ldquo;Fixed Price&rdquo;) and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note) during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion (&ldquo;Variable Price&rdquo;), subject to adjustment (the &ldquo;Note Shares&rdquo;). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note) shall have occurred, conversions under
the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing date. Lind will also receive a
5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &ldquo;3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &ldquo;Warrant Share,&rdquo; together with
the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note, Note Shares and 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant, the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;). The parties later agreed to
a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the Variable Price was less than
such floor price at the time of conversion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount
of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant may be exercised
via cashless exercise in the event a registration statement covering the Warrant Shares is not available for the resale of such Warrant
Shares or upon exercise of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant in connection with a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP>
Lind Warrant).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase
agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the offering, the Company proposes to offer or sell
any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10% of such
new securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Offering, the Company
and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&ldquo;BioKey&rdquo;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) and (iv) American
BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&ldquo;American BriVision&rdquo; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite,
and BioLite BVI, the &ldquo;Guarantors&rdquo;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection
with the offering (the &ldquo;Guaranty&rdquo;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter
defined). The sale of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note and the terms of the offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the securities
purchase agreement, the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note, the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant, the Second Amendment to Guaranty, the Second Amendment
to Security Agreement, and the Second Amendment to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &ldquo;Transaction Documents&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&ldquo;Allele&rdquo;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &ldquo;Wilmington&rdquo;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &ldquo;Placement Agent&rdquo;) of the offering. the Company has agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the offering and issued them a warrant to purchase up to 25,000 shares of common stock, on
the same terms as set forth in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The securities purchase
agreement also contains customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the
Company, termination provisions, and other obligations and rights of the parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction
Documents is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and
incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>2023 Financings</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">On November 17, 2023,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with Lind
Global Fund II, LP (&ldquo;Lind&rdquo;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount
of $1,200,000 (the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering&rdquo;), for a purchase price of $1,000,000 (the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note&rdquo;),
that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the
&ldquo;Fixed Price&rdquo;) and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note) during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion, subject to adjustment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as
defined in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note) shall have occurred, conversions under the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price
for the first 180 days following the closing date. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &ldquo;2<SUP>nd
</SUP>Lind Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2
per share, subject to adjustment. The parties later agreed to a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would
compensate Lind in cash if the variable price was less than such floor price at the time of conversion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount
of the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind
Securities Purchase Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering,
the Company proposes to offer or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity
to purchase up to 10% of such new securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering,
the Company and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&ldquo;BioKey&rdquo;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) and (iv)
American BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&ldquo;American BriVision&rdquo; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey,
BioLite, and BioLite BVI, the &ldquo;Guarantors&rdquo;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection
with the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering (the &ldquo;Guaranty&rdquo;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents
(as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Note and the terms of the 2<SUP>nd
</SUP>Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the 2<SUP>nd </SUP>Lind
Note, the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Warrant, the First Amendment to Guaranty, the First Amendment to Security Agreement, and the First Amendment
to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &ldquo;Transaction Documents&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&ldquo;Allele&rdquo;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &ldquo;Wilmington&rdquo;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &ldquo;Placement Agent&rdquo;) of the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering. We have agreed to pay
certain expenses of the placement agent in connection with the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An amendment was filed on February 29, 2024 to
disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall
have a floor price of $1.00 (the &ldquo;Amendment&rdquo;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to
Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction
Documents is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and
incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &ldquo;Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&ldquo;Lind&rdquo;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &ldquo;Lind Offering&rdquo;),
for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &ldquo;Lind Note&rdquo;), that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock
at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (the &ldquo;Note Shares&rdquo;). The Company also issued Lind
a common stock purchase warrant (the &ldquo;Lind Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase up to 5,291,667 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock
at an initial exercise price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &ldquo;Warrant Share,&rdquo; together with the Note,
Note Shares and Warrants, the &ldquo;Lind Securities&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Note does not carry any Interest. Beginning
with the date that is six months from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company
shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,650.58, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to
or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof
(the &ldquo;Monthly Payments&rdquo;). At the Company&rsquo;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares
of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined
by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading
days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may
make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a
cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note,
in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Securities
Purchase Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the Lind Offering, the Company proposes
to offer or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase
up to 10% of such new securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Lind Offering, the Company
and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&ldquo;BioKey&rdquo;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) and (iv) American
BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&ldquo;American BriVision&rdquo; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite,
and BioLite BVI, the &ldquo;Guarantors&rdquo;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection
with the Lind Offering (the &ldquo;Guaranty&rdquo;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter
defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Lind Note and the terms of the
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the Note, the Warrant, a Security Agreement,
Guarantor Security, Guaranty, a Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation, a Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst, a
Patent Security Agreement, a Copyright Security Agreement and a Stock Pledge Agreement (collectively, the &ldquo;Transaction Documents&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&ldquo;Allele&rdquo;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &ldquo;Wilmington&rdquo;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &ldquo;Placement Agent&rdquo;) of the Lind Offering. As a result of the Lind Offering, the
Company will pay the Placement Agent (i) a cash fee of 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Securities, and (ii) common stock
purchase warrants to purchase 6% of the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Lind Note. We also agreed to pay certain
expenses of the placement agent in connection with the Lind Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to register all of the Lind Securities and the shares of common stock underlying the warrant issued to the placement
agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note
(the &ldquo;Mandatory Default Amount&rdquo;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents. The
Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced to
115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&rsquo;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&rsquo;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&rsquo;s
control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction
Documents is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and
incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>2022 Financing</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2022, the Company entered into certain
securities purchase agreement (the &ldquo;May SPA&rdquo;) with certain investors (the &ldquo;Purchasers&rdquo;). Pursuant to the May
SPA, the Company agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock, at a price of $2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase
up to 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share (the &ldquo;May Warrants&rdquo;) to the Purchasers.
The gross proceeds before deducting any estimated offering expenses are $4,220,000. The transaction contemplated by the May SPA was closed
on May 16, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid to the co-placement agents an
aggregate cash fee equal to 8% of the aggregate sales price of the securities sold and issued them warrants to purchase up to 160,000
shares of Common Stock, on the same terms as the May Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Strategy</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Advancing
                                            to the pivotal trial phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus&reg; for the treatments of Retinal Detachment
                                            or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect to generate revenues in the future.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Focusing
                                            on licensing ABV-1504 for the treatment of major depressive disorder, MDD, after the successful
                                            completion of its Phase II clinical trials.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Completing
                                            Phase II, Part 2 clinical trial for ABV-1505 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity
                                            disorder, ADHD.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Out
                                            licensing drug candidates and medical device candidates to major pharmaceutical companies
                                            for phase III and pivotal clinical trials, as applicable, and further marketing if approved
                                            by the FDA.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Business Objectives</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is operating its core business based
on collaborative activities that can generate current and future revenues through research, development and/or commercialization joint
venture agreements. The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">nonrefundable
                                            upfront license fees,</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">development
                                            and commercial milestones,</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">partial
                                            or complete reimbursement of research and development costs and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">royalties
                                            on net sales of licensed products.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each type of payments results in revenue except
for revenue from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, we have not received
any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service
to the joint venture partner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company had multiple deliverables under the collaborative agreements, including deliverables
                                            relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
                                            activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&rsquo;s deliverables requires
                                            the use of management&rsquo;s judgment. Significant factors considered in management&rsquo;s
                                            evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to, the Company&rsquo;s
                                            experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The
                                            Company reviews the estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative
                                            agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on a prospective basis.
                                            Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements
                                            could impact the timing of future revenue recognition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For further details about these difference payment
arrangements, see &ldquo;Summary of Critical Accounting Policies&rdquo; below. Examples of recent collaborative agreements the Company
has entered into are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In February and December of 2015, BioLite, Inc. entered
    into a total of three joint venture agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC),
    ABV-1504 for MDD and ABV-1505 for ADHD. The agreements granted marketing rights to BioHopeKing for certain Asian countries in return
    for a series of milestone payments totaling $10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by BioHopeKing.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The milestone payments are determined by a schedule
of BioLite development achievements as shown below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Milestone</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Payment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Execution of BHK Co-Development Agreement</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Investigational New Drug (IND) Submission</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Phase II Clinical Trial Complete</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Initiation of Phase III Clinical Trial</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">New Drug Application (NDA) Submission</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">10,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In December of 2015, BHK paid the initial cash payment of $1 million
    upon the execution of the BHK Agreement. The Company concluded that certain deliverables are considered separate units of accounting
    as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this cash payment as collaboration revenue
    when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015. The payment included compensation for past research
    efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before the BHK agreement was signed and does not relate to any future commitments
    made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in the BHK Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of
    $1 million, and recognized collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had completed
    the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1504 MDD on October 31, 2019, but has not yet completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1505
    ADHD.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite Inc. is entitled to
    receive a royalty equal to 12% of BHK&rsquo;s net sales related to ABV-1501, ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 Products. As of December 31, 2022,
    the Company has not earned royalties under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen
    years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreement with BioLite, Inc.,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company entered into a collaborative agreement
with BioLite, Inc. on December 29, 2015, and then entered into two addendums to such agreement, as amended and revised, (the &ldquo;BioLite
Agreement&rdquo;). The majority shareholder of BioLite is one of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries, Mr. Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chairman
is a director of BioLite and Dr. Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategy Officer and a director, is the Chairman of BioLite.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioLite Agreement, the Company
acquired the sole licensing rights to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite. In accordance with
the terms of the Agreement, the Company shall pay BioLite (i) milestone payments of up to $100 million in cash and equity of the Company
or equity securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&rsquo;s achievements of certain milestones, as set
forth in the Agreement (the &ldquo;Milestone Payments&rdquo;) and (ii) a royalty payment equal to 5% of net sales of the drug products
when ABV-1501 is approved for sale in the licensed territories.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones
in a timely manner, it may not receive the rest of the payments from the Company.According to the BioLite Agreement, after Phase II clinical
trials are completed, 15% of the Milestone Payment becomes due and shall be paid in two stages: (i) 5% no later than December 31, 2021
(the &ldquo;December 2021 Payment&rdquo;) and (ii) 10% no later than December 31, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 12, 2022, the Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors determined that the December 2021 Payment, which is equal to $5,000,000, shall be paid via the cancellation of certain outstanding
debt, in the amount of $5,000,000, that BioLite owes the Company as of December 31, 2021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 22, 2022, the parties entered into
an amendment to the BioLite Agreement allowing the Company to make all payments due under the Agreement via the forgiveness of debt,
in equal value, owed by BioLite to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, the Company entered into a co-development
agreement (the &ldquo;Rgene Agreement&rdquo;) with Rgene Corporation (the &ldquo;Rgene&rdquo;), a related party under common control
by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant to the Rgene Agreement, BriVision
and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1703 Pancreatic Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Rgene Agreement, Rgene is required to pay the
Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017 as compensation of BriVision&rsquo;s past research
efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Rgene Agreement was executed. The payment does not relate to any future milestones
attained by BriVision. In addition to $3,000,000, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales
profit earned by Rgene. All development costs shall be equally shared by both BriVision and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company delivered all research,
technical data and development data to Rgene pursuant to the Rgene Agreement in return for a cash payment of $450,000 and 1,530,000 common
shares of Rgene stock valued at $2,550,000, which in 2018 was accounted for using the equity method long-term investment. On December
31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&rsquo;s assessment of the severity and duration
of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market
conditions, the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements and Rgene&rsquo;s
ability to remain in business. All research projects that were initiated will be managed and funded equally by the Company and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to
the Rgene Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Rgene Agreement remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Clinical Development Service Agreement
with Rgene Corporation, a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. The Company&rsquo;s subsidiary, BioKey, entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&ldquo;Service
Agreement&rdquo;) to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for
the treatment of pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical
studies under U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &ldquo;Rgene Studies&rdquo;). Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey
is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain
regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the
Company owning 31.62% of Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed
to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding
loan from the related party by the first half of 2024, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
at any time into shares of Rgene&rsquo;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&rsquo;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&rsquo;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, the Company entered into a
collaborative agreement (the &ldquo;BioFirst Agreement&rdquo;) with BioFirst Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the laws of
Taiwan (&ldquo;BioFirst&rdquo;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company global licensing rights to medical use of ABV-1701 Vitreous
Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation
and the Company is a Director and shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 12).</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Agreement, the Company
and BioFirst will co-develop and commercialize BFC-1401. The Company will pay BioFirst a total amount of $3,000,000 in cash or stock
of the Company before September 30, 2018 as payment in full for BioFirst&rsquo;s past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst
before the BioFirst Agreement was executed. The Company is entitled to receive 50% of any future net licensing revenue or net profit
associated with Vitargus&reg;. All development cost will be equally shared by both BriVision and BioFirst.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to the Company. For the year ended September 30, 2017, the Company determined to fully
expense the entire amount of $3,000,000 since the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1,
absent alternative future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to
research and development expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3,000,000 is fully expensed as research and development expense
during the year ended September 30, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
428,571 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock to BioFirst as payment for $3,000,000 owed by the Company to BioFirst in connection
with the BioFirst Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On August 5, 2019, the Company entered into a
second Stock Purchase Agreement with BioFirst whereby the Company issued 414,702 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock to BioFirst
as repayment in full for a loan in the amount of $2,902,911 provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an
amendment to the BioFirst Agreement with BioFirst to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially
                                            the Company will focus on ABV-2002, a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to
                                            either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial keratoplasty
                                            (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino
                                            acid that protects ocular tissue from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during
                                            pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity to maintain a
                                            range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the
                                            storage period. Stromal hydration results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency
                                            and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant phenolic phytochemical
                                            found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further clinical development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing agreements BioFirst maintains with domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, BioFirst&rsquo;s
main research and development product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&reg;), licensed by the National Health Research Institutes.
Vitargus is the world&rsquo;s first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes
by minimizing medical complications and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Co-Development agreement with BioLite Japan
K.K., a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &ldquo;<B>Completion
Date</B>&rdquo;), the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&ldquo;<B>Lucidaim</B>,&rdquo; together with the Company,
the &ldquo;<B>Shareholders</B>&rdquo;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&ldquo;<B>Biolite JP&rdquo;</B>) entered into
a Joint Venture Agreement (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;). Biolite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <I>Kabushiki Kaisha</I>)
incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares
issued and outstanding (the &ldquo;<B>Ordinary Shares</B>&rdquo;). Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned
1,501 ordinary shares and the Company owned the 1,548 ordinary shares. The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce
to writing their desire to invest in and operate Biolite as a joint venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research
and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements
carried on by Biolite and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses as may from time to time be agreed by an amendment
to the Agreement. The closing of the transaction is conditioned upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals,
which have been received.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company
shall appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi;
the current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&rsquo;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement further provides that the Company
and Biolite shall assign the research collaboration and license agreement between them to Biolite or prepare the same (the &ldquo;<B>License
Agreement</B>&rdquo;). The aforementioned transactions occurred on the Completion Date.<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As
                                            per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall supervise and manage the business and operations
                                            of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services
                                            as a director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed.
                                            If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all of its Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder
                                            appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain corporate
                                            actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>Reserved Matters</B>&rdquo;).
                                            If the Shareholders are unable to make a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder
                                            can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after which they must refer
                                            the matter to each Shareholder&rsquo;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute.
                                            If such dispute is not resolved within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer
                                            to buy all of the other Shareholder&rsquo;s Ordinary Shares for cash at a specified price;
                                            if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in
                                            the sale offer.<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each
                                            of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary
                                            Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite JP
                                            if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company
                                            shall lose its pre-emptive rights under certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain
                                            a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&rsquo;s
                                            Ordinary Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately USD272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the
Agreement, each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be
liable for the bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately USD134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility.
The Agreement further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&rsquo;s profits,
if it has sufficient cash to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Biolite
JP agree to use their best efforts to execute the License Agreement by the end of December 2021. The Company agreed that any negotiation
on behalf of Biolite JP regarding the terms of the License Agreement shall be handled by the directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the
Company and such Lucidaim directors do not reach agreement on the terms, Biolite JP may at its sole discretion determine not to execute
the License Agreement without any liability to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&rsquo;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
USD4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately USD18,000) and then only to the extent
such liability exceed such limit.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&rsquo;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2021, the Company received $4,244,452
in gross proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in the Company&rsquo;s August 3, 2021, public offering of securities. Investors
exercised a total of 673,405 Series A warrants at a price of $6.30 per share, and 200 Series B warrants at a price of $10 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BioKey Revenues</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to collaborative agreements, ABVC
earns revenue through its wholly owned BioKey subsidiary which provides a wide range of Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization
(&ldquo;CDMO&rdquo;) services including API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development,
stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials (from Phase I through Phase III) and commercial
manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioKey provides a variety of regulatory
services tailored to the needs of its customers, which include proofreading and regulatory review of submission documents related to
formulation development, clinical trials, marketed products, generics, nutraceuticals and OTC products and training presentations. In
addition to supporting ABVC&rsquo;s new drug development, BioKey submits INDs, NDAs, ANDAs, and DMFs to the FDA, on ABVC&rsquo;s behalf
in compliance with new electronic submission guidelines of the FDA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization
declared the coronavirus outbreak a &ldquo;Public Health Emergency of International Concern&rdquo; and on March 10, 2020, declared it
to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the coronavirus include restrictions on travel, and quarantines
in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The coronavirus and actions taken to mitigate
it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including
the geographical area in which the Company operates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our revenue for
the fiscal 2022 were significantly impacted. In 2023, our business started recovering from the COVID-19 impact. We have been working
on new contracts towards revenue generation and increase in sales of existing products and incorporating new products for sale.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic, including variants, has
adversely affected, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, elements of our CDMO business sector. The COVID-19 pandemic government
imposed restrictions constrained researcher access to labs globally. These constraints limited scientific discovery capacity and we observed
that demand in those labs fell well below historic levels. As constraints on social distancing were gradually lifted around the world
recently, labs have been able to increase research activity. While we believe that underlying demand is still not yet at pre-COVID-19
levels since lab operations remain below their normal capacity, we are hopeful that the vaccination programs that are underway combined
with policy changes planned for the summer will further increase research activity and support a return to pre-COVID-19 demand levels
worldwide.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to
evolve rapidly, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely, including its potential effect on our plans and timelines.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, it is reasonably possible that
estimates made in the financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these
conditions, including losses on inventory; impairment losses related to goodwill and other long-lived assets and current obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Summary of Critical Accounting Policies</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Basis of Presentation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &ldquo;U.S. GAAP&rdquo;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This basis of accounting involves the application
of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses and losses are recognized when incurred.
The Company&rsquo;s financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Fiscal Year</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company changed its fiscal year from the
period beginning on October 1<SUP>st</SUP> and ending on September 30<SUP>th</SUP> to the period beginning on January 1<SUP>st</SUP>
and ending on December 31<SUP>st</SUP>, beginning January 1, 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Use of Estimates</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated
financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from
those results.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Stock Reverse Split</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&rsquo;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. In turn, the Company believes
that the Reverse Stock Split will enable the Company to restore compliance with certain continued listing standards of NASDAQ Capital
Market. All shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Fair Value Measurements</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FASB ASC 820, &ldquo;Fair Value Measurements&rdquo;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&rsquo;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                                            1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the
                                            Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Valuation of these instruments
                                            does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in
                                            active markets that are readily and regularly available.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                                            2 - Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly
                                            observable as of the measurement date, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities;
                                            quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can
                                            be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or
                                            liabilities.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                                            3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data.
                                            The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models,
                                            discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions
                                            a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, inventory, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and due to related parties approximate fair value due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&rsquo;s short-term bank loan, convertible notes payable, and accrued interest
approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is
short. The carrying value of the Company&rsquo;s long-term bank loan approximates fair value because the interest rates approximate market
rates that the Company could obtain for debt with similar terms and maturities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Concentration of Clients</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, the most major client,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87.24%
of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2022, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 71.89%
of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable; the second major client with its Chairman being the Board of Director of BioKey, accounted
for 16.62% of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the most
major client, distributing nutritional supplement in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80.04% of the Company&rsquo;s total revenues. For the
year ended December 31, 2022, one major client, who is a Shareholder of the Company that works in development and commercialization of
new drugs in Taiwan, accounted for 93.22% of the Company&rsquo;s total revenues.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Cash and Cash Equivalents</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
                                            Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less to be
                                            cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company&rsquo;s cash
                                            and cash equivalents amounted to $60,155 and $85,265, respectively. Some of the Company&rsquo;s
                                            cash deposits are held in financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently
                                            regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company believes this financial
                                            institution is of high credit quality.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Restricted Cash </U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash held
in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company&rsquo;s restricted cash amounted $656,625 and $1,306,463,
respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Inventory</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Inventory consists of raw materials, work-in-process,
finished goods, and merchandise. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market and valued on a moving weighted average cost basis.
Market is determined based on net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews the age and turnover of its inventory to determine
whether any inventory has become obsolete or has declined in value, and incurs a charge to operations for known and anticipated inventory
obsolescence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Concentration
                                            of Credit Risk</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation
and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&rsquo;s insurance limits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for
hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We perform ongoing credit evaluation of our customers
and requires no collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a review of the collectability of accounts receivable.
We determine the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical collection experience and current trends in the
credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit losses may differ from our estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Accounts receivable and allowance for expected
credit losses accounts</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&rsquo;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,505 and $194,957 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Revenue Recognition</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the fiscal year 2018, the Company adopted
Accounting Standards Codification (&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;), Topic 606 (ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified
retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018, and applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment
to the opening balance of accumulated deficit at the beginning of 2018 for the cumulative effect. The results for the Company&rsquo;s
reporting periods beginning on and after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and
continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. Based on the Company&rsquo;s review of existing
collaborative agreements as of January 1, 2018, the Company concluded that the adoption of the new guidance did not have a significant
change on the Company&rsquo;s revenue during all periods presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue
when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects
to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is
within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify
the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance
obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only
applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled
to in exchange for the goods or services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined
to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are
performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount
of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Collaborative Revenues - </B>The Company recognizes
collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms of these
agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees, development
and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales of licensed
products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed products,
which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction
of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and
marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&rsquo;s deliverables requires the use of management&rsquo;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&rsquo;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&rsquo;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&rsquo;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&rsquo;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&rsquo;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&rsquo;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency
is resolved.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services - Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services
or activities are performed, in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the
inception of a contract, which is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option
to request that the Company provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K
submissions. The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines
an option is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding
offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&rsquo;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Property and Equipment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Property and equipment is carried at cost net
of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of the related
asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related gain or
loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining
lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method, including property and equipment
under capital leases, generally based on the following useful lives:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Estimated<BR>
    Life in Years</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Buildings and leasehold improvements</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5 ~ 50</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Machinery and equipment</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5 ~ 10</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3 ~ 6</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Construction-in-Progress</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires constructions that constructs
certain of its fixed assets. All direct and indirect costs that are related to the construction of fixed assets and incurred before the
assets are ready for their intended use are capitalized as construction-in-progress. No depreciation is provided in respect of construction-in-progress.
Construction in progress is transferred to specific fixed asset items and depreciation of these assets commences when they are ready
for their intended use. The Company acquired 20% of the ownership of a certain property and parcel of land owned by Zhonghui, with a
view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the areas of ABVC&rsquo;s
special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base for the China market
and global development of these interests. The Company is a party to a related cooperation agreement with Zhonghui, but is awaiting final
asset ownership certification from the Chinese government.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted Accounting Standards
Codification subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment (&ldquo;ASC 360-10&rdquo;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and
certain identifiable intangibles held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually
or more often if events and circumstances warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business
conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment
in value be indicated, the carrying value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting
from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the
carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Long-term Equity Investment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires the equity investments to
promote business and strategic objectives. The Company accounts for non-marketable equity and other equity investments for which the
Company does not have control over the investees as:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity
                                            method investments when the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but
                                            not control, over the investee. Its proportionate share of the income or loss is recognized
                                            monthly and is recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable
                                            cost method investments when the equity method does not apply.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&rsquo;s non-marketable equity investments, and therefore the Company considers
this a critical accounting estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant
impact on the investee&rsquo;s fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and
near-term prospects of the investee, changes in general market conditions in the investee&rsquo;s industry or geographic area, and the
management and governance structure of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using
the market and income approaches. The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies
and recent financing rounds. The income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates
regarding the investees&rsquo; revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&rsquo;s assessment of these factors in determining whether
an impairment exists could change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s long-term equity investments
are subject to a periodic impairment review. Impairments affect earnings as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marketable
                                            equity securities include the consideration of general market conditions, the duration and
                                            extent to which the fair value is below cost, and our ability and intent to hold the investment
                                            for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery of value in the foreseeable future.
                                            The Company also considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of,
                                            and the business outlook for, the investee, which may include industry and sector performance,
                                            changes in technology, operational and financing cash flow factors, and changes in the investee&rsquo;s
                                            credit rating. The Company records other-than-temporary impairments on marketable equity
                                            securities and marketable equity method investments in gains (losses) on equity investments.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable
                                            equity investments based on the Company&rsquo;s assessment of the severity and duration of
                                            the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of
                                            the investee; adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment;
                                            changes in operating structure or management of the investee; additional funding requirements;
                                            and the investee&rsquo;s ability to remain in business. A series of operating losses of an
                                            investee or other factors may indicate that a decrease in value of the investment has occurred
                                            that is other than temporary and that shall be recognized even though the decrease in value
                                            is in excess of what would otherwise be recognized by application of the equity method. A
                                            loss in value of an investment that is other than a temporary decline shall be recognized.
                                            Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence
                                            of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of the investee
                                            to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment.
                                            The Company records other-than-temporary impairments for non-marketable cost method investments
                                            and equity method investments in gains (losses) on equity investments. Other-than-temporary
                                            impairments of equity investments were $0 <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">and
                                            $0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Goodwill</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment
annually or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In
testing goodwill for impairment, the Company may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than
not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill impairment
is more likely than not, the Company performs a two-step impairment test. The Company tests goodwill for impairment under the two-step
impairment test by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting units. If the fair value is determined
to be less than the book value or qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a second step
is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the estimated fair value of goodwill and the carrying value.
The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on
our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on expected category expansion, pricing, market segment
share, and general economic conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company completed the required testing of goodwill for impairment as of December 31, 2023,
                                            and determined that goodwill was impaired because of the current financial condition of the
                                            Company and the Company&rsquo;s inability to generate future operating income without substantial
                                            sales volume increases, which are highly uncertain. Furthermore, the Company anticipates
                                            future cash flows indicate that the recoverability of goodwill is not reasonably assured.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Research and Development Expenses</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the cost of using licensing
rights in research and development cost according to ASC Topic 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future uses
the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
when incurred.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;)
                                            730, Research and Development (&ldquo;ASC 730&rdquo;). Research and development expenses
                                            are charged to expense as incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research
                                            and development projects or otherwise. Research and development expenses are comprised of
                                            costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related
                                            costs, facilities-related overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial
                                            costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical and preclinical materials,
                                            research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and
                                            services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when
                                            the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the
                                            payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties
                                            to provide research and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries in Taiwan adopted the government mandated defined contribution
                                            plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;) in Taiwan. Such labor regulations
                                            require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month
                                            shall not be less than 6% of the worker&rsquo;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the
                                            Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&rsquo; salaries to the employees&rsquo;
                                            pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions
                                            made. The total amounts for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were
                                            $10,314 and $13,031 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other than
                                            the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Stock-based Compensation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company measures expense associated with all employee stock-based compensation awards using
                                            a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
                                            on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with FASB ASC Topic
                                            718 &ldquo;Compensation-Stock Compensation&rdquo;. Total employee stock-based compensation
                                            expenses were $0 and $1,241,930 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 &ldquo;Compensation-Stock Compensation&rdquo; and FASB ASC Topic 505-50 &ldquo;Equity-Based
Payments to Non-Employees&rdquo; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the
earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
non-employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,635,708 and $5,794,848 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Beneficial Conversion Feature</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, the Company may issue convertible
notes that may contain an imbedded beneficial conversion feature. A beneficial conversion feature exists on the date a convertible note
is issued when the fair value of the underlying common stock to which the note is convertible into is in excess of the remaining unallocated
proceeds of the note after first considering the allocation of a portion of the note proceeds to the fair value of the warrants, if related
warrants have been granted. The intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature is recorded as a debt discount with a corresponding
amount to additional paid in capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the note using the effective
interest method.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Income Taxes</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for income taxes using the
asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood of realization
of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire before the
Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under
                                            ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is &ldquo;more likely than
                                            not&rdquo; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
                                            being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first
                                            step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained
                                            upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on
                                            the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that
                                            meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount of benefits recognized in
                                            the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that
                                            is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions
                                            that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized
                                            in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
                                            that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first
                                            subsequent financial reporting period in which the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties
                                            and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax
                                            expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes
                                            has been incurred for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. GAAP also provides guidance
                                            on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
                                            disclosures and transition.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the
Company&rsquo;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&rsquo;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Loss Per Share of Common Stock</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company calculates net loss per share in
accordance with ASC Topic 260, &ldquo;Earnings per Share&rdquo;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Commitments and Contingencies</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC Topic 450 &ldquo;Contingencies&rdquo;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an assets had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Foreign-currency Transactions</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan dollars (&ldquo;NTD&rdquo;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into New Taiwan dollars, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income
in the year of conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated
at the prevailing exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated
investments in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Stockholders&rsquo;
Equity (Deficit).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Translation Adjustment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accounts of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries
in Taiwan were maintained, and their financial statements were expressed, in New Taiwan Dollar (&ldquo;NT$&rdquo;). Such financial statements
were translated into U.S. Dollars (&ldquo;$&rdquo; or &ldquo;USD&rdquo;) in accordance ASC 830, &ldquo;Foreign Currency Matters&rdquo;,
with the NT$ as the functional currency. According to the Statement, all assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange
rate, shareholder&rsquo;s deficit are translated at the historical rates and income statement items are translated at an average exchange
rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of shareholders&rsquo;
equity (deficit).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06,
Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity&rsquo;s Own Equity (Subtopic
815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity&rsquo;s Own Equity (&ldquo;ASU 2020-06&rdquo;). ASU 2020-06
simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption
of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and
closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the
issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share
calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts
in an entity&rsquo;s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that
are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements
to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted,
and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted,
but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The
Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings
Per Share (Topic 260), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and
Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity&rsquo;s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer&rsquo;s Accounting for Certain Modifications
or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (&ldquo;ASU 2021-04&rdquo;). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to
how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written
call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a
new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified
or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model
that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination,
debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for
all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should
apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. Early
adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt ASU 2021-04 in an
interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Estimates and Assumptions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In preparing our consolidated financial statements,
we use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Our estimates are often based on complex judgments,
probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. We are also subject
to other risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated amounts.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Results of Operations - Year Ended December
31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022.</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Revenues.</I></B> We generated $152,430
and $969,783 in revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease of $817,353, or approximately 84%,
was primarily caused by the completion of ongoing projects and waiting for new approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Operating Expenses.</I></B> Our operating
expenses were $8,066,902 in the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $15,797,780 in December 31, 2022. Such decrease in operating
expenses was mainly attributable to the decreased stock-based compensation and selling, general and administrative expenses, by $6,100,337,
and decreasing research and development expenses of $1,630,541.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Other Income (expense).</I></B> The other
expense was $2,437,773 in the year ending December 31, 2023, compared to other income of $400,184 on December 31, 2022. The change was
principally caused by the increase in interest expense, mainly from the convertible notes payable, while being offset by the increase
in foreign exchange for the year ended December 31, 2023, loss on investment in equity securities and decrease in impairment loss and
investment loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest income (expense), net, was $(2,307,859)
for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $(106,151) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $(2,201,708), or approximately
2,074%, was primarily due to the increase in interest expense due to recognition of interest expense for the converted notes for proper
accounting purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Net Loss.</I></B> The net loss was $10,910,288
for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $16,312,374 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company reduce its net loss by
$5,061,086 or approximately 31% during the year ended December 31, 2023 from 2022, through more effective usage of funding and discontinuing
certain consulting services.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Liquidity
                                            and Capital Resources</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal"><U>Working Capital</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<BR> December&nbsp;31,<BR>
    2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<BR> December&nbsp;31,<BR>
    2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Current Assets</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,656,709</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,987,247</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,932,490</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,543,628</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Working (Deficit) Capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4,275,781</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,556,381</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>Cash Flow from Operating Activities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022, the net cash used in operating activities were ($4,235,845) and $7,398,391, respectively. The decrease in the amount of $3,162,546
was primarily due to the increased account receivables, loss on investment in equity securities, loss and sales of treasury stock, accrued
expenses and other current liabilities, partially offset by the decreased net loss, gain on sales of investment in equity securities,
due from related parties, prepaid expenses, impairment loss, and stock-based compensation; and by the decrease of deferred tax during
the year ended December 31, 2023.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Cash Flow from Investing Activities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022, the net cash used in investing activities were $360,186 and $1,721,684, respectively. The decrease in the amount of $1,361,498
was primarily due to the decrease in prepayment for equity investment and purchase of equipment, while being offset by the increase in
prepayment for long-term investments during the year ended December 31, 2023.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Cash Flow from Financing Activities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022, the net cash provided by financing activities were $3,918,960 and $4,013,925, respectively. The net cash provided by financing
activities decreased by $94,965, due to the increase in proceeds from convertible notes and issuance of warrants, partially offset by
the decrease in issuance of common stock, as well as decrease in proceeds from short-term loans, and repayment of short-term notes during
the year ended December 31, 2023.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, we did not have any
off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes
in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material
to investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_009"></A>BUSINESS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Industry Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The biotechnology industry focuses on developing
breakthrough products and technologies to combat various types of diseases through efficient industrial manufacturing process. Biotechnology
is an important business sector in the world&rsquo;s economies and plays a key role in human health. Companies engaged in biotechnology
generally require large amounts of capital investment for their research &amp; development activities and it may take up to tens of years
to develop and commercialize a new drug or a new medical device. ABVC (&ldquo;we&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) is an early stage
biotechnology company with a pipeline of seven new drugs and one medical device under development, all of which are licensed from related
parties of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Our Mission</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We devote our resources to building a sophisticated
biotech company and becoming a pioneer in the biopharmaceutical industry. Dr. Uttam Patil, our Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Tsung-Shann
Jiang, the founder and majority shareholder of the Company, understand the challenges and opportunities of the biotech industry and intend
to provide therapeutic solutions to significant unmet medical needs and to improve health and quality of human life by developing innovative
botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&ldquo;CNS&rdquo;) and oncology/ hematology diseases.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Business Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, the Company&rsquo;s minimal
revenue has come from the sale of CDMO services through BioKey. However, the Company&rsquo;s focus is on developing a pipeline of products
by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical,
disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&rsquo;s scientists and other specialists known to
the Company to identify drugs or medical devices that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&rsquo;s internal
qualifications. Once a drug or medical device is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization,
ABVC licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and introduces the drug or medical device clinical trial plan
to highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, ABVC has found that research
institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting
phase II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators:
                                            Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta
                                            Li, MD, Ph.D - Taipei Veterans General Hospital</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Drug:
                                            ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase II Part 1 completed.
                                            Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of
                                            California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. Phase II, Part 2 clinical study sites
                                            includes UCSF and 5 locations in Taiwan.The Principal Investigators are Keith McBurnett,
                                            Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of
                                            Medicine; Susan Shur-Fen Gau, M.D., National Taiwan University Hospital; Xinzhang Ni, M.D.
                                            Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Wenjun Xhou, M.D., Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital;
                                            Ton-Ping Su, M.D., Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Cheng-Ta Li, M.D., Taipei Veterans General
                                            Hospital. The Phase II, Part 2 began in the 1<SUP>st</SUP> quarter of 2022 at the 5 Taiwan
                                            sites. The UCSF site joined the study in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> quarter of 2023. The subjects
                                            enrolled in the study has reached the number for interim analysis in 2023 December, and the
                                            interim analysis of the study is in progress.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Drug:
                                            ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator:
                                            Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. - Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study
                                            will be initiated in the 1st quarter of 2024.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Medical
                                            Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&reg; in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study has been initiated
                                            in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi
                                            Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital of the two Thailand Sites and Professor/Dr.
                                            Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp;
                                            East Melbourne Retina. The Phase II study started in the 2nd quarter of 2023, and the company
                                            is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational
                                            product.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following trials are expected to begin in
the third quarter of 2024:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1519, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treatment, Phase I/II Study in Taiwan, Principal Investigator:
                                            Dr. Yung-Hung Luo, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug:
                                            ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, Principal Investigator:
                                            Andrew E. Hendifar, MD - Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon completing a Phase II trial, ABVC will seek
a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical device upon
approval by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B>GMP Manufacturing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC owns a certified GMP manufacturing facility,
through BioKey, that is qualified to deliver small quantities of drugs for use by its clients in clinical trials from Phase I to Phase
III. The GMP facility can manufacture direct API or blend fill-in capsules, manual and automated encapsulation, wet granulation or tray
drying process, tablet compression and coating process, packaging solid dosage forms for ANDA and IND submission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The BioKey facility consists of a GMP suite,
product development area, analytical laboratory, food processing area, caged GMP storage area, receiving area and two warehouses. The
facility was remodeled in December 2008 and received its first drug manufacturing license in June 2009. ABVC&rsquo;s current drug manufacturing
license allows it to manufacture drug products under IND for human clinical trials until the expiration of the license on December 2,
2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2022, BioKey began manufacturing a dietary
supplement based on the maitake mushroom. The mushrooms, supplied by Shogun Maitake Canada, Co. Ltd., are grown in a controlled temperature
and humid environment free of pesticides and chemicals. Initially, sales of the new supplement in the US and Canada will be targeted
to high end grocery stores and worldwide via online distribution. While there are many mushroom-based supplements currently available
to customers, BioKey believes its new line has a significant competitive advantage since the purity and consistency of the mushrooms
themselves exceeds any maitake mushrooms currently available and the extraction process employed by BioKey delivers a particularly strong
dose. The maitake mushroom is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans. These polysaccharides have well-documented
immune-protecting and antitumor properties. BioKey has developed both a tablet and a liquid version of the supplement. GMP manufacturing
of bulk quantities Maitake mushroom tablets and Maitake mushroom drinks were completed in 2 and 1 batches respectively for commercial
launches in Taiwan and Canada in 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beta-glucans in maitake mushrooms has been shown
to reduce cholesterol, resulting in improved artery functionality and overall better cardiovascular health that lowers the risk of heart
disease. Further, studies have shown that the beta-glucans in maitake mushroom have the effect of strengthening the immune system<SUP>1</SUP>.
In a trial of postmenopausal breast cancer patients, oral administration of a maitake extract was shown to have immunomodulatory effects.
In a different trial done at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, maitake extracts were shown to enhance neutrophil and monocyte function
in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. It boosts production of lymphokines (protein mediators) and interleukins (secreted proteins)
resulting in improved immune response. Further, beta-glucans, has been shown in clinical trials to lower blood glucose levels thereby
helping to activate insulin receptors, while reducing insulin resistance in diabetes management.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey has entered into a three-year distribution
agreement with Define Biotech Co. Ltd., a Taiwan-based pharmaceutical marketing company that focuses on sales of drugs, dietary supplements
and medical products in the Asia-Pacific region. The agreement grants Define Biotech the exclusive right to distribute this new dietary
supplement in China and Taiwan in exchange for the commitment to purchase $3.0 million worth of the new product over the three-year period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>NASDAQ Listing</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2021, we closed a public offering
(the &ldquo;Offering&rdquo;) of 1,100,000 units (the &ldquo;Units&rdquo;), with each Unit consisting of one share of our common stock
(the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), one Series A warrant (the &ldquo;Series A Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase one share of common stock at
an exercise price equal to $6.30 per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date, and one Series B warrant (the
&ldquo;Series B Warrants,&rdquo; and together with the Series A Warrants, the &ldquo;Public Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase one share of
common stock at an exercise price equal to $10.00 per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; the exercise
price of the Public Warrants are subject to certain adjustment and cashless exercise provisions as described therein. The Company completed
the Offering pursuant to its registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-255112), originally filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on April 8, 2021 (as amended, the &ldquo;Original Registration Statement&rdquo;), that the SEC declared
effective on August 2, 2021 and the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-258404) that was filed and automatically effective
on August 4, 2021 (the &ldquo;S-1MEF,&rdquo; together with the Original Registration Statement, the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;).
The Units were priced at $6.25 per Unit, before underwriting discounts and offering expenses, resulting in gross proceeds of $6,875,000.
The Offering was conducted on a firm commitment basis. The Common Stock was approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced
trading under the ticker symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo; on August 3, 2021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;<B>Staff</B>&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;<B>Nasdaq</B>&rdquo;)
notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00
per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&ldquo;<B>Rule 5550(a)(2)</B>&rdquo;).
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule
5550(a)(2). Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023,
to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&rsquo; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&rsquo;s stockholders&rsquo;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023,Nasdaq granted the Company an extension
until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction,
the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the
holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&rsquo; equity was increased by $0.5M.
Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co.,
Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange
for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&rsquo; equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible
note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &ldquo;Lind Offering&rdquo;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &ldquo;Lind Note&rdquo;),
that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment. On August 24,
2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678
shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Monthly Shares&rdquo;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share.
Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of
September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&rsquo;
equity increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&rsquo; estimated that its stockholders&rsquo;
equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company is in compliance with Rule
5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&rsquo;s next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, it may
be subject to delisting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Name Change and Cusip Number</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s shareholders approved an
amendment to the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company&rsquo;s corporate name to &ldquo;ABVC BioPharma, Inc.&rdquo;
and approved and adopted the Certificate of Amendment to affect same at the 2020 annual meeting of shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>Annual
Meeting</B>&rdquo;). Nevada&rsquo;s Secretary of State approved the name change on March 8, 2021, and FINRA processed our request for
such name change on April 30, 2021. The new name was effective on May 3, 2021. Stock certificates issued before the name change remain
valid and stockholders are not required to submit their stock certificates for exchange as a result of the name change. <I>New</I> stock
certificates issued by the Company after the name change will be printed with the Company&rsquo;s new name, ABVC BioPharma, Inc.; existing
stock certificates remain valid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company&rsquo;s cusip number is 0091F106. The Company&rsquo;s
stock symbol remains ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Our Pipeline</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>I.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Central
                                            Nervous System</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-1504
                                            to treat Major Depressive Disorder (&ldquo;MDD&rdquo;)</U></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We are developing and researching
ABV-1504, a botanical reuptake inhibitor that targets norepinephrine. Prior to clinical trials, we conducted radioligand-binding assay
tests on ABV-1504. Radioligand-binding assays are used to characterize the binding effects of a drug to its target receptor. In the case
of ABV-1504, the receptors of radioligand-binding assays are norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. The radioligand-binding assay test
on norepinephrine was conducted from May 3 to May 8, 2007 and the radioligand-binding assay test on dopamine and serotonin was administered
from November 26 to December 5, 2007. The result of radioligand-binding assay to norepinephrine of ABV-1504was 2.102 &mu;g/ml of IC50,
which indicated ABV-1504&rsquo;s high inhibitory efficiency on norepinephrine. The results of radioligand-binding assay to dopamine and
serotonin were not as good as to norepinephrine, which indicated lower inhibitory efficiency. Because research has shown that norepinephrine
inhibitors can alleviate the level of depression, our research team saw ABV-1504&rsquo;s potential to treat depression and decided to
commence the clinical trial process of ABV-1504.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">In 2013, ABVC successfully completed
the Phase I clinical trial of ABV-1504. The primary objective of the Phase I study was to assess the safety profile of ABV-1504. The
safety endpoint was assessed based on the results of physical examinations, vital signs, laboratory data, electrocardiograms (&ldquo;ECG&rdquo;),
Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale evaluation and a number of adverse events during the study period. We began recruiting healthy
people as subjects for the Phase I trial in Taiwan on October 30, 2012. For the Phase I trial, we screened 85 healthy volunteers at the
Taipei Veterans General Hospital and eventually enrolled 30 people as trial subjects. We divided the subjects into four cohort groups
and administered ABV-1504oral capsules of 380 mg, 1140 mg, 2280 mg, and 3800 mg to the subjects in each cohort group, respectively. BioLite
visited the first subject the first time on November 13, 2012 and the last subject the last time on July 5, 2013. During the said period,
no subject had a serious adverse event nor discontinued the trial due to any adverse events. ABVC did not observe any clinically significant
findings in physical examinations, vital signs, electrocardiogram, laboratory measurements, and C-SSRS throughout the treatment period.
However, ABVC observed the following mild adverse events: two subjects with flatulence and one subject with constipation in the single-dose
380mg cohort of seven subjects; one subject with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer in the single-dose 2,280 mg cohort.
Comparatively, two subjects with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer were observed in the placebo group of seven subjects.
ABVC did not observe any suicidal ideation or behavior throughout the trial period. ABV-1504&rsquo;s Phase I clinical trial results reflected
that the oral administration of ABV-1504 to healthy volunteers was safe and well-tolerated at the dose levels of from 380 mg to 3,800
mg.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC received an IND approval to proceed
with the Phase II clinical trial of ABV-1504 from the F.D.A. in March 2014 and an IND approval of its Phase II trial from the Taiwan
F.D.A. in June 2014. For the Phase II trial, BioLite administered oral capsules to 72 MDD patients (the trial subjects) in a randomized,
double-blind study with a placebo control group to assess ABV-1504&rsquo;s efficacy and safety profile, primarily in accordance with
the Montgomery-&Aring;sberg Depression Rating Scale (&ldquo;MADRS&rdquo;). ABVC via BioLite began recruiting Phase II subjects in March
2015 at the following study sites, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City Hospital-Songde
Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Wan Fang Hospital and started recruiting MDD patients at Stanford Depression Research Clinic. The
first five sites are in Taiwan and the last one is in the United States. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is to see changes
of the subjects&rsquo; MADRS total scores from the baseline scores of the placebo subjects within the first six weeks. The secondary
objectives of the Phase II trial are to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1504 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints
of (i) demonstrating changes in MADRS total scores from baseline scores within the second to seventh weeks and (ii) showing changes in
the total scores on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Depression and Somatic
Symptoms Scale (DSSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) from the baseline scores in the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week.
ABVC plans to measure the percentages of partial responders (subjects with a 25% to 50% decrease of total MADRS scores from the baseline
score) and responders (subjects with 50% or more decrease of total MADRS scores from the baseline score) by the second, fourth, sixth
and seventh week. Additionally, ABVC intends to monitor the subjects&rsquo; performance in accordance with the Safety Assessments and
Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale from the screening stage to each subject&rsquo;s last visit as well as to analyze the differences
in the mean changes of MADRS, HAM-D-17, HAM-A, DSSS, CGI and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores of the subjects administered
with ABV-1504 and the placebo group in the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2019, the Company announced
the Phase II clinical study results of ABV-1504. The clinical study results showed that PDC-1421, the active pharmaceutical ingredient
of ABV-1504, met the pre-specified primary endpoint of the Phase II clinical trial and significantly improved the symptoms of MDD. The
Phase II clinical study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, in which sixty (60) adult patients with
confirmed moderate to severe MDD were treated with PDC-1421 in either low dose (380 mg) or high dose (2 x 380 mg) compared with placebo
administration, three times a day for six weeks. PDC-1421 high dose (2 x 380 mg) met the pre-specified primary endpoint by demonstrating
a highly significant 13.2-point reduction in the Montgomery-&Aring;sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score by Intention-To-Treat
(ITT) analysis, averaged over the 6-week treatment period (overall treatment effect) from baseline, as compared to 9.2-point reduction
of the placebo group. By Per-Protocol (PP) analysis, PDC-1421 showed a dose dependent efficacy toward MDD in which high dose (2 x 380
mg) gave 13.4-point reduction in MADRS total score from baseline and low dose (380 mg) gave 10.4-point reduction as compared to a 8.6-point
in the placebo group. Based on the trial results as set forth above, the Company has decided to use the high dose formula for ABV-1504&rsquo;s
Phase III clinical trial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-1505
    to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (&ldquo;ADHD&rdquo;)</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed the ADHD indication from
the same API of ABV-1504. Also, ABV-1505 shares similar pharmaceutical mechanism of action as ABV-1504 in as much as ABV-1505 shows the
potential of increasing the level of norepinephrine in the human&rsquo;s nervous system by inhibiting its reabsorption. Because of ABV-1505&rsquo;s
sufficient similarity with ABV-1504, in January 2016 the FDA approved our IND application to conduct ABV-1505&rsquo;s Phase II clinical
trial based on its preclinical research and the Phase I trial results of ABV-1504.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">For the ADHD Phase II trial, ABVC
plans to recruit a maximum of 105 ADHD patients as trial subjects in the United States and Taiwan, to whom ABVC intends to administer
ABV-1505 oral capsules. ABVC has designed a randomized, double-blind dose escalation study with a placebo-controlled group to assess
the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1505, primarily against the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (&ldquo;ADHD-RS-IV&rdquo;). The primary endpoint
of the Phase II trial is a 40% or higher improvement on the ADHD-RS-IV from the respective baseline scores within a period of up to eight
weeks. The secondary objective is to determine the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1505 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints
of (i) improvements of the total ADHD symptom scores from the respective baseline scores on the Conners&rsquo; Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self
Report: Short Version (&ldquo;CAARS-S:S&rdquo;) 18-Item for a treatment period of eight weeks at maximum; and (ii) achievement of scores
of two or lower on both the Clinical Global Impression-ADHD- Severity (&ldquo;CGI-ADHD-S&rdquo;) and Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Improvement
(&ldquo;CGI-ADHD-I&rdquo;) from the subjects&rsquo; respective baseline scores. The University of California San Francisco (&ldquo;UCSF&rdquo;)
initiated the Phase II, Part 1 clinical trial entitled &ldquo;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult
Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Part I, on January 14, 2020. The Part 1 trial is a single center, open
label, dose escalation evaluation with two dosage levels in six subjects. Six subjects were initially evaluated for safety and efficacy
assessments at low-dose (1 capsule of PDC-1421, three times a day (TID)) for 28 days. A safety checkpoint was evaluated at day-28 for
entering the high-dose (2 capsules TID). The subjects who passed the checkpoint were evaluated for safety and efficacy assessments at
high-dose (2 capsules of PDC-1421 TID) for 28 days. On July 15, 2020, the last patient last visit (LPLV) marked the final step toward
the completion of the ABV-1505 Phase II Part I clinical trial for the treatment of adult ADHD. On October 24, 2020, a full clinical study
report (CSR) of ABV-1505 Phase II Part I clinical trial was issued. The study results showed that the PDC-1421 Capsule was safe, well
tolerated and efficacious during its treatment and the follow-up period with six adult patients. For the primary endpoints, the percentages
of improvement in ADHD-RS-IV score from baseline to 8 weeks treatment were 83.3% (N=5) in the ITT population and 80.0% (N=4) in the PP
population. Both low and high doses of PDC-1421 Capsule met the primary end points by passing the required 40% population in ADHD-RS-IV
test scores. Overall, the results from this study, which demonstrate the therapeutic value of PDC-1421, support further Phase II Part
II clinical development of ABV-1505 for the treatment of adult ADHD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Phase II Part II study with its
clinical protocol entitled &ldquo;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part II&rdquo; is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel three-groups with a maximum
99 subjects to be enrolled. This study was started at five Taiwan medical centers beginning in April 2022. The University of California,
San Francisco site was initiated in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number for
interim analysis (69 subjects) in 2023 December, and the interim analysis of the study is now in progress.&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABV-1601
                                            to treat Depression in Cancer Patients</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed a treatment for depression
in cancer patient from the same active pharmaceutical ingredients as ABV-1504. ABV-1601 shares similar pharmaceutical mechanisms of action
as ABV-1504 in that ABV-1601 shows the potential of increasing the level of norepinephrine in the human nervous system by inhibiting
its reabsorption. Due to ABV-1601&rsquo;s similarity with ABV-1504, the FDA approved our ABV-1601-001 clinical protocol under the same
IND as for ABV-1504 (IND 112567) in December 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; text-align: justify">For
                                            the Phase II trial of ABV-1601, ABVC plans to recruit a maximum number of 54 cancer patients
                                            with depression, to whom ABVC intends to administer ABV-1601 oral capsules. ABVC is engaging
                                            the Principal Investigator at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. which designed a randomized,
                                            double-blind dose escalation study with a comparator-controlled group to assess the efficacy
                                            and safety profile of ABV-1601, primarily against Montgomery-&Aring;sberg Depression Rating
                                            Scale (MADRS) total score. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is a change in MADRS,
                                            Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D), and Clinical
                                            Global Impression Scale (CGI) total scores from baseline in patients taking PDC-1421 compared
                                            to the comparator. As of the date hereof, the Part I of Phase II clinical protocol, which
                                            is an open trial, has been approved by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center IRB Committee. This study
                                            will be initiated in 2024.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>II.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Oncology</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-</U>1702
                                            <U>to treat </U>Myelodysplastic Syndrome <U>(&ldquo;</U>MDS<U>&rdquo;)</U></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC started the preparation for ABV-1702&rsquo;s
Phase II clinical trials after receiving its IND approval from the FDA in July 2016. ABVC plans to recruit fifty-two subjects in the
United States who are diagnosed with either IPSS int-1, IPSS int-2 or high risk MDS or CMML and may take azacitidine as part of the subjects&rsquo;
prescription. Azacitidine is an FDA-approved drug used to treat MDS. ABVC intends to administer ABV-1702 in the oral liquid form along
with azacitidine. The Phase II trial is divided into two parts, where Part 1 is to determine the safety and recommended dose level (&ldquo;RDL&rdquo;)
of ABV-1702 in combination with azacitidine and Part 2 is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal
and fungicidal infection in the subjects&rsquo; respiratory systems. The primary endpoint of Part 1 Phase II trial is to assess the safety
and RDL profile of ABV-1702 administered with azacitidine by measuring ABV-1702&rsquo;s prohibited toxicity. The secondary endpoints
of Phase II Part 1 are to determine the safety, time-to-first infection after first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle,
reduction in treatment requirements and duration of infections, enhancement of immune responses, improvements of response rates, progression,
and survival rates of the subjects under such ABV-1702 - azacitidine combination treatment. The primary endpoint of Part 2 of Phase II
is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal and fungicidal infection risks in the subjects&rsquo;
respiratory systems in combination with azacitidine as compared to the control group with incidence of infections and incidence/frequency
of inpatient hospitalization due to infections. The secondary endpoints of Part 2 of Phase II are to determine the safety, time-to-first
infection after first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle, reduction in required dosage and duration of infection,
enhancement of immune responses, improvement of response rate, progression, and survival rates of the subjects under the trial conditions.
In April 2016, BioLite submitted a letter to the FDA in response to its queries with additional information about the proposed Phase
II trial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; text-align: justify">The
                                            Company expects to begin Phase II clinical trials of ABV-1702 in the fourth quarter of 2024
                                            and is actively looking for qualified principal investigators and an appropriate site for
                                            the study and therefore the timing cannot be guaranteed.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-</U>1703
                                            <U>to treat </U>Pancreatic Cancer</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC developed a new indication for
Pancreatic Cancer from Maitake Extract, which is named as ABV-1703 and out licensed it to Rgene for the preparation of its IND application
with the FDA. On August 25, 2017, ABV-1703&rsquo;s Phase II trial was approved by FDA. Pursuant to the ABVC-Rgene Co-development Agreement,
ABVC is responsible for coordinating and conducting the clinical trials of ABV-1703 globally and Rgene is responsible for preparing the
related FDA applications. As of the date hereof, we are engaging Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. to conduct the Phase II clinical
trial and plan to initiate the Phase II trial in the third quarter of 2023. We plan to submit ABV-1703&rsquo;s Phase II clinical trial
IND to the Taiwan FDA after we commence the clinical trials in the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-
                                            1501 Triple Negative Breast Cancer - Combination therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
                                            (&ldquo;TNBC&rdquo;)</U></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABV-
                                            1501 is developed from BLI-1401-2 whose active pharmaceutical ingredient is Yukiguni Maitake
                                            Extract 404. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (&ldquo;MSKCC&rdquo;) conducted the Phase
                                            I clinical trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom), which
                                            is very similar to Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. The Phase I trial focused on Grifola frondosa
                                            extract&rsquo;s immunological effects on breast cancer patients. The results of the Phase
                                            I trial showed that oral administration of a polysaccharide extract from Maitake mushroom
                                            is associated with both immunologically stimulatory and inhibitory measurable effects in
                                            peripheral blood.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            ABV-1501 Investigational New Drug (&ldquo;IND&rdquo;) application to the US FDA for the Phase
                                            II clinical trials referencing the MSKCC maitake research resulted in a Phase II IND approval
                                            in March of 2016 by the U.S. FDA.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            collaboration with BHK to file clinical trial application to the Taiwan FDA (&ldquo;TFDA&rdquo;)
                                            for conducting this combination therapy trial in Taiwan was temporarily put on hold due to
                                            the lack of funding.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Our Collaborative Agreements</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>ABV-1701
                                            Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy and Collaboration Agreement with BioFirst</U></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, BriVision, one of
our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a collaboration agreement (the &ldquo;BioFirst Agreement&rdquo;) with BioFirst, pursuant to
which BioFirst granted BriVision the global license to co-develop BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy (&ldquo;BFC-1401&rdquo;)
for medical purposes. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because BioFirst and YuanGene Corporation (&ldquo;YuanGene&rdquo;),
the Company&rsquo;s controlling shareholder, are under common control, being both controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder
of YuanGene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">According to the BioFirst Agreement,
we are to co-develop and commercialize BFC-1401 or ABV-1701 with BioFirst and are obligated to pay BioFirst $3,000,000 (the &ldquo;Total
Payment&rdquo;) in cash or common stock of BriVision on or before September 30, 2018 in two installments. An upfront payment of $300,000,
representing 10% of the Total Payment due under the Collaboration Agreement, was to be paid upon execution of the BioFirst Agreement.
BriVision is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit when ABV-1701 is sublicensed or commercialized.
On June 30, 2019, the Company and BioFirst entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;), pursuant to
which the Company will issue 428,571 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3,000,000 owed by the
Company to BioFirst in connection with the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. For more information about the BioFirst Agreement and Purchase
Agreement, please refer to the current reports on Form 8-K filed on July 24, 2017 and July 12, 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On November 7, 2016, the application
of Phase I clinical trial prepared and submitted by BioFirst was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Australia (&ldquo;HREC&rdquo;),
and on November 14, 2016, it was approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia (&ldquo;TGA&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We successfully finished the Phase
I clinical trial of ABV-1701 at Sydney Retina Clinic and Day Surgery, a clinic located in Sydney, Australia. This was the only site for
this Phase I clinical trial. The trial started on November 17, 2016, and was completed with positive results in July 2018. The Protocol
Title is &ldquo;A Phase I, single center, safety and tolerability study of Vitargus in the treatment of Retinal Detachment.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The primary endpoint of this Phase
I clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single intravitreal dose of Vitargus in patients as a vitreous substitute
during vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment. Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the
substance is delivered into the eyes. The secondary endpoint of this Phase I clinical trial is to assess retinal attachment and Virtagus
degradation at day 90 and to assess best corrected visual acuity (&ldquo;BVCA&rdquo;) after vitrectomy surgery. BVCA refers to the best
possible vision a person can achieve. The primary and second endpoints are required by HREC for the purpose of evaluation of our Phase
I clinical trial application. We enrolled an aggregate number of 10 patient subjects in this trial. On November 17, 2016, we received
the approval from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for the first subject, and nine more subjects were enrolled thereafter. In this
trial, Vitargus was injected into the vitreous cavity of vitrectomised eyes, whose vitreous gel was removed from the vitreous cavity
after a vitrectomy surgery. On August 24, 2020, a full clinical study report (CSR) of ABV-1701 Phase I clinical trial was issued. The
study results showed that ABV-1701 (Vitargus) was well-tolerated as a vitreous substitute without any apparent toxicity to ocular tissues.
Further, there was no indication of an increased overall safety risk with Vitargus. For efficacy, participants showed significant improvement
in visual acuity. The optical properties of Vitargus allowed the patients to see well and facilitated visualisation of the fundus immediately
following surgery. In addition, since Vitargus set as a stable semisolid gel adhering to the retina, it maintained its position without
requiring the patient to remain face-down following surgery.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABV-1701, Vitargus&reg; in vitrectomy
surgery, Phase II Study will be started in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> quarter of 2023. A total of four (4) study sites in Australia and Thailand
join this multi-nation and multi-site clinical study. The Company is working on improvements to the Vitargus product through the new
batch of investigational product.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>II.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Co-development
                                            Agreement with Rgene</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, American BriVision
Corporation entered into a co-development agreement (the &ldquo;Co-Dev Agreement&rdquo;) with Rgene Corporation (the &ldquo;Rgene&rdquo;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company. Pursuant to Co-Dev
Agreement, BriVision and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-17
Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is
required to pay the Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation
of BriVision&rsquo;s past research efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not
relate to any future commitments made by BriVision and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to the $3,000,000, the Company is
entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall
be equally shared by both BriVision and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">By June 1, 2017, the Company had delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3,000,000
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&rsquo;s Common Stock, at the price of NT$50 (approximately equivalent to $1.60 per share),
for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018. During the
year ended December 31, 2018, the Company has recognized investment loss of $549. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully
write off this investment based on the Company&rsquo;s assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic
environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements, and Rgene&rsquo;s ability to remain in business.
All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>III.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Clinical Development
    Service Agreement with Rgene</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded
its co-development partnership with Rgene. BioKey entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&ldquo;Service Agreement&rdquo;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &ldquo;Rgene Studies&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Under the terms of the Service Agreement,
BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by
certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. Through a series of transactions over the past 5 years, the Company
and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company owning 31.62%
of Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the
Company agreed to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the
&ldquo;Note&rdquo;). If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive
the outstanding loan from the related party by the 2023 Q1, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert
the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&rsquo;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii)
20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as
set forth in the Note. The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew
for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement
for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective
July 1, 2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&rsquo;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has
nominated Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&rsquo;s largest
shareholders, owning 12.8% of the Company. For more information about the Service Agreement and Note, please refer to the current reports
on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2022.</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">BLEX 404, a new drug under clinical
development covered by the Service Agreement, is extracted from Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), an edible mushroom. Its immunological
effects and the safety have been demonstrated in two Phase I/II clinical studies performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
(MSKCC) with breast cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Market Distribution Strategy</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We focus primarily on developing botanical drugs,
which are intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation or treatment of disease in humans. Together with our strategic partners,
we plan to market, distribute and sell our drug products internationally once those drug candidates comply with the local authorities
regulating drugs and foods. Currently, many countries follow the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for
Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (the &ldquo;ICH&rdquo;) guidelines that are published by European Medicines to provide
guidance on quality and safety of pharmaceutical development and new drug commercialization in Japan, the United States and Europe. All
of our drug candidates first go through the United States FDA process for new drug development first and then seek regulatory approval
from regulators equivalent to the FDA in the jurisdictions where we plan to distribute those candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Intellectual Property</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The new drug candidates are dependent on or are the subject of the
following patents and patent applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 5%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 6%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Status</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Patent
    No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Patent<BR>
    Starting <BR>
    Date</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Patent<BR>
    Expiration<BR>
    Date</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Patent
    Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Territory</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 9%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Patent<BR>
    Owner<SUP>(1)(2)</SUP></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DE202007003503 U1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8/23/2007</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant
    agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Germany</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7531519</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5/12/2009</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant
    agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The U.S.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4620652</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/20/2006</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/19/2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant
    agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Japan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">I 314453</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/21/2006</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant
    agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">I389713</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3/21/2013</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10/13/2030</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute <B><SUP>(3)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">US 8197849 B2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6/12/2012</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8/30/2030</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The U.S.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">AU 2011/215775 B2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4/17/2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Australia</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">KR 10-1428898</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8/4/2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Korea</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CA 2786911 (C)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10/6/2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/10/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WO2011100469 A1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">N/A<SUP>(4)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">N/A<SUP>(4)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PCT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">EP 2534200</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4/8/2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">European Union (Germany, United Kingdom, France,
    Switzerland, Spain, Italy)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#29305;&#35377;&#31532;
    </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5885349<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#34399;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2011</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Japan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ZL 201180005494.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/24/2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/9/2031</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute<B><SUP>(3)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">China</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">HK1178188</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3/6/2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6/21/2030</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as
    a vitreous substitute<B><SUP>(3)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Hong Kong <SUP>(5)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">US 16/936,032</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/4/2020</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9/4/2040</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala extract for the treatment of major depressive
    disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">US</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">BioLite</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TW I821593</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/1/2023</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7/22/2040</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala extract for the treatment of major depressive
    disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">BioLite</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">US17/120,965</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/20/2020</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/20/2040</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention
    Deficit Hyperactive Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">U.S.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">BioLite</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TW 110106546</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/24/2021</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2/24/2041</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention
    Deficit Hyperactive Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">BioLite</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TW I792427</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">02/11/2023</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">07/19/2041</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Storage Media For Preservation of Corneal Tissue</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NHRI</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">AU2021314052B2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">04/09/2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">04/09/2041</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment
    of Major Depressive Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Australia</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 9%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">BioLite</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">202180001626. 2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Major Depressive
    Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">China</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#29305;&#39000;
    </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2023502736</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Major Depressive
    Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Japan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21 846 424.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Major Depressive
    Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Europe</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">110106546</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention-Deficient
    and Hyperactivity Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">202180001615. 4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention-Deficient
    and Hyperactivity Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">China</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#29305;&#39000;
    </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2023536203</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention-Deficient
    and Hyperactivity Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Japan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21 907 345.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention-Deficient
    and Hyperactivity Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Europe</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2021403197</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Polygala Extract for the Treatment of Attention-Deficient
    and Hyperactivity Disorder</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Australia</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;MPITDC&rdquo;
    stands for Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, Taiwan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;NHRI&rdquo;
    stands for National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The patent
    name is translated into English and the original patent name is written as &ldquo;&#20132;&#32852;&#27687;&#21270;&#36879;&#26126;&#36136;&#37240;&#20316;&#20026;&#30524;&#29699;&#29627;&#29827;&#20307;&#20043;&#26367;&#20195;&#29289;.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The starting
    date and expiration date of patents under PTC are subject to the laws of the specific participating jurisdiction where the patent
    application is filed. We have subsequently submitted such patent to the jurisdictions listed in No.22 herein above.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NHRI has obtained
    standard patent in Hong Kong based on the registration of the patent (listed as No.24 herein) granted by the State Intellectual Property
    Office, People&rsquo;s Republic of China.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Corporate History and Structure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on February 6, 2002 and has three wholly-owned Subsidiaries: BriVision, BioLite Holding, Inc. and BioKey, Inc. BriVision was
incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware and is in the business of developing pharmaceutical products in North America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated under the laws
of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. Its key Subsidiaries include BioLite
BVI, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite BVI&rdquo;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September 13, 2016 and BioLite Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite
Taiwan&rdquo;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new
drugs for over twelve years. Certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan exchanged approximately 73% of equity securities in BioLite Taiwan
for the Common Stock in BioLite Holding in accordance with a share purchase/ exchange agreement (the &ldquo;Share Purchase/ Exchange
Agreement&rdquo;). As a result, BioLite Holding owns via BioLite BVI approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who
did not enter this Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon closing of the Mergers on February 8, 2019,
BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl BioPharma Inc.
(&ldquo;AIBL&rdquo;) for the Company and BioLite&rsquo;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (the &ldquo;Licensed Products&rdquo;). The license covers the Licensed Products&rsquo; clinical trial,
registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of
the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology,
interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares
of AIBL stock at $10 per share, and if certain milestones are met, each may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales,
up to $100 million. Upon the issuance of the shares, AIBL became a subsidiary of ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following chart illustrates the corporate structure of ABVC:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_005.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 5, 2022, the Company&rsquo;s
Board for Directors approved amending the Company&rsquo;s Bylaws to remove Section 2.8, which permitted cumulative voting for directors
since cumulative voting is specifically prohibited by our Articles of Incorporation. Since it is not otherwise stated in our Articles
of Incorporation or Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election, as provided in the Nevada Revised
Statutes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 14, 2024, the Company&rsquo;s
Board for Directors approved amending the Company&rsquo;s Bylaws to amend Section 2.8 of the Company&rsquo;s Bylaws to revise the number
of shares needed to establish a quorum at shareholder meetings. The Amendment changes the quorum requirement from a majority to 33-1/3%
of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Competition</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The healthcare industry is highly competitive
and subject to significant and rapid technological change as researchers learn more about diseases and develop new technologies and treatments.
Significant competitive factors in our industry include product efficacy and safety; quality and breadth of an organization&rsquo;s technology;
skill of an organization&rsquo;s employees and its ability to recruit and retain key employees; timing and scope of regulatory approvals;
the average selling price of products; the availability of raw materials and qualified manufacturing capacity; manufacturing costs; intellectual
property and patent rights and their protection; and our capabilities of securing competent collaborators. Market acceptance of our current
products and product candidates will depend on a number of factors, including: (i) potential advantages over existing or alternative
therapies or tests, (ii) the actual or perceived safety of similar classes of products, (iii) the effectiveness of sales, marketing,
and distribution capabilities, and (iv) the scope of any approval provided by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Since we are a small biopharmaceutical company
compared to other companies that we may compete against, it is our intention to license our products to much larger pharmaceutical, specialty
pharmaceutical and generic drug companies with the financial, technical and human resources to compete effectively in the markets we
address.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We anticipate that our license partners will
face intense and increasing competition when and as our new drug candidates enter the markets, as advanced technologies become available
and as generic forms of currently branded products become available. Finally, the development of new treatment methods for the diseases
we are targeting could render our products non-competitive or obsolete. There can be no assurance that any of our new drug candidates
will be clinically superior or scientifically preferable to products developed or introduced by our competitors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following chart lists some, not all, of the
biopharmaceutical companies that research, develop, commercialize, distribute or sell drugs that are in competition with our drug candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Disease</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 29%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Drug Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 28%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pharmaceutical <BR> Companies</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 15%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Headquarters</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Major Depressive Disorder</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cymbalta oral</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eli Lilly and Co., Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lexapro oral</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forest Laboratories, Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NJ</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CT</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Attention-Deficit</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adderall XR</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shire Development LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Hyperactivity Disease</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ritalin</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NJ</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dexedrine</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Myelodysplastic</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Vidaza</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Celgene Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NJ</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Syndromes</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dacogen</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Triple Negative Breast Cancer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Avastin</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genentech, Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Erbitux (Cetuximab)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ImClone Systems Incorporated</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NY</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pancreatic Cancer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Abraxane, Abraxis BioScience LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Novartis Pharma Stein AG</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stein</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Switzerland</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Vitargus for the treatments</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alcon Laboratories, Inc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fort Worth</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TX</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom"><B>of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Arcadophta</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Toulouse</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">France</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Government Regulations</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Currently, we are focusing on the research and
development of six therapeutic candidates in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology and autoimmune, for which regulatory approval must
be received before we can commence marketing. In addition, our cGMP facility is subject to review by the FDA. Regulatory approval processes
and FDA regulations for ABVC&rsquo;s current and any future product candidates are discussed below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>FDA Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the U.S., pharmaceutical products are subject
to extensive regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the &ldquo;FDC Act&rdquo;), and other federal and state
statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval,
labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical
products. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions,
such as FDA refusal to approve pending NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production
or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution. Pharmaceutical product development in the U.S. typically
involves the performance of satisfactory nonclinical, also referred to as pre-clinical, laboratory and animal studies under the FDA&rsquo;s
Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulation, the development and demonstration of manufacturing processes, which conform to FDA mandated
current good manufacturing requirements, or cGMPs, including a quality system regulating manufacturing, the submission and acceptance
of an IND application, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin in the U.S., obtaining the approval of Institutional
Review Boards, or IRBs, at each site where we plan to conduct a clinical trial to protect the welfare and rights of human subjects in
clinical trials, adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of the drug for each indication
for which FDA approval is sought, and the submission to the FDA for review and approval of an NDA. Satisfaction of FDA requirements typically
takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity, and novelty of the product or disease.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pre-clinical tests generally include laboratory
evaluation of a product candidate, its chemistry, formulation, stability and toxicity, as well as certain animal studies to assess its
potential safety and efficacy. Results of these pre-clinical tests, together with chemistry, manufacturing controls and analytical data
and the clinical trial protocol, which details the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness
criteria to be evaluated, along with other requirements must be submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which must become effective before
human clinical trials can begin. The entire clinical trial and its protocol must be in compliance with what are referred to as good clinical
practice, or GCP, requirements. The term, GCP, is used to refer to various FDA laws and regulations, as well as international scientific
standards intended to protect the rights, health and safety of patients, define the roles of clinical trial sponsors and assure the integrity
of clinical trial data.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days
after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions about the intended conduct of the
trials and imposes what is referred to as a clinical hold. Pre-clinical studies generally take several years to complete, and there is
no guarantee that an IND based on those studies will become effective, allowing clinical testing to begin. In addition to FDA review
of an IND, each medical site that desires to participate in a proposed clinical trial must have the protocol reviewed and approved by
an independent IRB or Ethics Committee, or EC. The IRB considers, among other things, ethical factors, and the selection and safety of
human subjects. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA&rsquo;s GCP requirements. The FDA and/or IRB may order the
temporary, or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical trial or that a specific clinical trial site be halted at any time, or impose
other sanctions for failure to comply with requirements under the appropriate entity jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical trials to support NDAs for marketing
approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In Phase I clinical trials, a product candidate
is typically introduced either into healthy human subjects or patients with the medical condition for which the new drug is intended
to be used. The main purpose of the trial is to assess a product candidate&rsquo;s safety and the ability of the human body to tolerate
the product candidate. Phase I clinical trials generally include less than 50 subjects or patients.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During Phase 2 trials, a product candidate is
studied in an exploratory trial or trials in a limited number of patients with the disease or medical condition for which it is intended
to be used in order to: (i) further identify any possible adverse side effects and safety risks, (ii) assess the preliminary or potential
efficacy of the product candidate for specific target diseases or medical conditions, and (iii) assess dosage tolerance and determine
the optimal dose for Phase III trials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Phase III trials are generally undertaken to
demonstrate clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population with the goal of evaluating the overall
risk-benefit relationship of the product candidate. Phase III trials are generally designed to reach a specific goal or endpoint, the
achievement of which is intended to demonstrate the candidate product&rsquo;s clinical efficacy and adequate information for labeling
of the approved drug.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an
NDA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the FDA&rsquo;s threshold determination that it is
sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review.
The FDA has agreed to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs. Most applications for standard review drug products are
reviewed within ten months; most applications for priority review drugs are reviewed within six months. Priority review can be
applied to drugs that the FDA determines offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists.
The review process for both standard and priority review may be extended by the FDA for three additional months to consider certain
late-submitted information, or information intended to clarify information already provided in the submission. The FDA may also
refer applications for novel drug products, or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory
committee - typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts -  for review, evaluation, and a recommendation as to
whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally
follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure
compliance with GCP. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA
will not approve the product unless compliance with cGMPs is satisfactory and the NDA contains data that provide substantial
evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing
facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies
in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If
and when those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA&rsquo;s satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval
letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing such resubmissions in two or six months depending on the type of information included. An
approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition
of NDA approval, the FDA may require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, to help ensure that the benefits of the drug
outweigh the potential risks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">REMS can include medication guides, communication
plans for healthcare professionals, and elements to assure safe use, or ETASU. ETASU can include, but are not limited to, special training
or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient
registries. The requirement for a REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, product approval
may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug&rsquo;s safety or efficacy. Once granted, product
approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Post-Approval Regulations</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if a product candidate receives regulatory
approval, the approval is typically limited to specific clinical indications. Further, even after regulatory approval is obtained, subsequent
discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on its use or even complete withdrawal of the product
from the market. Any FDA-approved products manufactured or distributed by us are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including
record-keeping requirements and reporting of adverse events or experiences. Further, drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are
required to register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and state
agencies for compliance with cGMPs, which impose rigorous procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our contract manufacturers.
ABVC cannot be certain that ABVC or its present or future contract manufacturers or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations
and other FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in, among other things, total or partial
suspension of production activities, failure of the FDA to grant approval for marketing, and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of
marketing approvals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the FDA approves one or more of our product
candidates, ABVC must provide certain updated safety and efficacy information. Product changes, as well as certain changes in the manufacturing
process or facilities where the manufacturing occurs or other post-approval changes may necessitate additional FDA review and approval.
The labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of a drug must be in compliance with FDA and Federal Trade Commission,
or FTC, requirements which include, among others, standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion,
industry sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the Internet. The FDA and FTC have very
broad enforcement authority, and failure to abide by these regulations can result in penalties, including the issuance of a warning letter
directing us to correct deviations from regulatory standards and enforcement actions that can include seizures, fines, injunctions and
criminal prosecution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Foreign Regulatory Approval</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Outside of the U.S., ABVC&rsquo;s ability to
market our product candidates will be contingent also upon its receiving marketing authorizations from the appropriate foreign regulatory
authorities, whether or not FDA approval has been obtained. The foreign regulatory approval process in most industrialized countries
generally encompasses risks similar to those ABVC will encounter in the FDA approval process. The requirements governing conduct of clinical
trials and marketing authorizations, and the time required to obtain requisite approvals, may vary widely from country to country and
differ from those required for FDA approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be subject to additional regulations
in other countries in which we market, sell and import our products, including Canada. ABVC or its distributors must receive all necessary
approvals or clearance prior to marketing and/or importing our products in those markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Other Regulatory Matters</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities
following product approval are also subject to regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in addition to the FDA, including, in the
U.S., the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services, other divisions of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Drug Enforcement
Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Occupational Safety &amp;Health Administration,
the Environmental Protection Agency and state and local governments. In the U.S., sales, marketing and scientific/educational programs
must also comply with state and federal fraud and abuse laws. Pricing and rebate programs must comply with the Medicaid rebate requirements
of the U.S. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 and more recent requirements in the Health Care Reform Law, as amended by the Health
Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or ACA. If products are made available to authorized users of the Federal Supply
Schedule of the General Services Administration, additional laws and requirements apply. The handling of any controlled substances must
comply with the U.S. Controlled Substances Act and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act. Products must meet applicable child-resistant
packaging requirements under the U.S. Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities are also
potentially subject to federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The distribution of pharmaceutical products is
subject to additional requirements and regulations, including extensive recordkeeping, licensing, storage and security requirements intended
to prevent the unauthorized sale of pharmaceutical products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The failure to comply with regulatory requirements
subjects firms to possible legal or regulatory action. Depending on the circumstances, failure to meet applicable regulatory requirements
can result in criminal prosecution, fines, imprisonment or other penalties, injunctions, recall or seizure of products, total or partial
suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of product approvals, or refusal to allow a firm to enter into supply contracts, including
government contracts. In addition, even if a firm complies with FDA and other requirements, new information regarding the safety or effectiveness
of a product could lead the FDA to modify or withdraw product approval. Prohibitions or restrictions on sales or withdrawal of future
products marketed by us could materially affect our business in an adverse way.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Changes in regulations, statutes or the interpretation
of existing regulations could impact our business in the future by requiring, for example: (i) changes to our manufacturing arrangements;
(ii) additions or modifications to product labeling; (iii) the recall or discontinuation of our products; or (iv) additional record-keeping
requirements. If any such changes were to be imposed, they could adversely affect the operation of our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Employees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, we, including the subsidiaries,
have 19 employees, 16 of which are full-time, located in the U.S. and Taiwan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Functional Area</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Employees</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Senior management</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">5</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Research and development</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Administration</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accounting</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">5</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">23</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC believes that it maintains a good working
relationship with its employees. ABVC offers its employees competitive benefits, including a pleasant and rewarding work environment,
career-oriented training, and career growth opportunities. ABVC believes its employees are devoted to delivering superb services. ABVC
did not experience any significant labor disputes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Legal Proceedings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time ABVC and its Subsidiaries may
become involved in legal proceedings and claims, or be threatened with other legal actions and claims, arising in the ordinary course
of business relating to its intellectual property, product liability, regulatory compliance and/or marketing and advertising of its products.
As of the date of this prospectus, ABVC and its Subsidiaries were not involved or threatened with any legal actions and regulatory proceedings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Environment</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC seeks to comply with all applicable statutory
and administrative requirements concerning environmental quality. Expenditures for compliance with federal state and local environmental
laws have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on ABVC&rsquo;s capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive
position.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Properties </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Subsidiary BioLite has its laboratories located
in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, with an address of 20, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., 2nd Floor, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
On January 1, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered into a lease agreement with the National Science Park Administrative Office (Hsinchu City)
under which it rents two dormitory buildings in Hsinchu County, Taiwan for a period of five years. The aggregate leasing area amounts
to approximately 678 square meters (equivalent to approximately 7,298 square feet) on the second floor of the building. The leased space
counts for approximately 1.9% of the total space of the building. On January 1, 2020, BioLite Taiwan extended the contract for another
five years. The new expiration date is on December 31, 2024. The rent increases by a small percentage each year during the term of the
lease agreement. BioLite paid $50,572 and $60,104 in rental expense for the laboratory space for the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another subsidiary BioKey is headquartered in
Fremont, California. BioKey&rsquo;s office lease will end on February 28, 2026 and the office occupies approximately 28,186 square feet.
BioKey&rsquo;s space consists of offices, research and production laboratories, and manufacturing facilities, which are GMP certified.
BioKey has an option to extend the lease for its offices in Fremont for a period of five years commencing February 28, 2026, and BioKey
may exercise this option for 5 more years. The total BioKey&rsquo;s rental expenses were $353,466 and $328,051 for the years ended December
31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_010"></A>MANAGEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth as of the date
of this prospectus, the name, age, and position of each executive officer and director and the term of office of each such person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Age</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 56%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Title</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board and Chief Business Officer (&ldquo;CBO&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Dr. Uttam Patil</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (&ldquo;CEO&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Leeds Chow</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer (&ldquo;CFO&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsung-Shann (T.S.) Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Strategy Officer (&ldquo;CSTRO&rdquo;) and Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">62</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">67</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">52</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">73</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">67</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Director </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min (Francis) Chung </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">58</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chi-Hsin (Richard) King</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">74</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Scientific Officer (&ldquo;CSO&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Set forth below is certain biographical information
regarding each of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Eugene Jiang, Chairman,</B> has served as
our CEO and President since the Company&rsquo;s inception in July 2015 until he resigned on September 15, 2017. He remains the Chairman
of the Board. He also serves as our CBO since September 2019 and serves as the CBO of BioKey, Inc. since 2019. Mr. Jiang also serves
as Director for BioLite Incorporation since June 2015 and as Director for BioFirst Corp. since 2012. He also serves as CEO for Genepro
Investment Company since March 2010. Mr. Jiang obtained a PMBA degree from National Taiwan University in 2017 and an EMBA degree from
the University of Texas in Arrington in 2010. And in 2009, Mr. Jiang received a bachelor&rsquo;s degree in Physical Education from Fu-Jen
Catholic University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dr.
                                            Uttam Patil, CEO,</B> was appointed as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer on June
                                            21, 2023. Dr. Patil has served as the Chief Operating and Scientific Officer of the Company&rsquo;s
                                            subsidiary, BioKey, Inc. since May 2023; he also works for Rgene Corporation (a related party),
                                            as the R&amp;D Manager since May 2023, after being promoted from Project Manager, to which
                                            he serves from August 2022 to May 2023. Prior to that, Dr. Patil was a Post-Doctoral Research
                                            Fellow at NTNU from March 2020 to July 2022. In 2019, Dr. Patil received the &ldquo;Platinum
                                            Award&rdquo; for an Oral Presentation on the topic, &ldquo;Nucleobase Functionalized Single-Walled
                                            Carbon Nanotubes Hybridization with Single-Stranded DNA&rdquo; at a Workshop on Organic Chemistry
                                            for Junior Chemists held in South Korea. Dr. Patil received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from National
                                            Tsing Hua University and a Masters in Analytical Chemistry from Pune University, as well
                                            as a Bachelors in industrial chemistry from Pune University.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Leeds Chow</B>, was appointed as the Company&rsquo;s
Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer on September 4, 2022. He has served as a Financial Controller of the Company
from March 2021 to August 2022. Mr. Chow has over 12 years of experience in Audit and Financing Industry. He has served as the finance
manager in a family office, in charge of managing investment portfolios, handling financial and operating aspects. He has also worked
in a local investment company in Hong Kong, serving as a financial advisor during the Hong Kong Initial Public Offering process, as well
as preparing opinion letters as an independent financial advisor for transactions for Hong Kong listed companies. Mr. Chow graduated
in University of California, Santa Barbara, with a Bachelor of Arts degree, majoring in Business Economics with Accounting Emphasis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dr. T.S. Jiang, Chief Strategy Officer and
Director,</B> has served as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategy Officer since September 2019. Dr. Jiang serves as the CEO of Biokey, Inc.
since December 2021, as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2013, and has been the CEO and chairman of BioLite, Inc., a subsidiary of
BioLite BVI, Inc., since January 2010. Prior to BioLite, Dr. Jiang served as the president and/or chairman of multiple biotech companies
in Taiwan, including PhytoHealth Corporation from 1998 to 2009 and AmCad BioMed Corporation from 2008 to 2009. In addition, Dr. Jiang
is a director on various biotech associations, such as the Taiwan Bio Industry Organization (Taiwan) from 2006 to 2008 and the Chinese
Herbs and Biotech Development Association in Taiwan from 2003 to 2006. Dr. Jiang was an assistant professor at University of Illinois
from 1981 to 1987 and an associate professor at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1987 to 1990 and served as a professor
at a few Taiwanese universities during a period from 1990 to 1993, such as National Taiwan University, National Cheng Kung University
and Tunghai University. Dr. Jiang obtained his bachelor degree in Engineering and Chemical Engineering from National Taiwan University
in Taiwan in 1976, masters and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in the U.S. in 1981 and Executive Master of Business Administration
(&ldquo;EMBA&rdquo;) from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 2007. As a successful entrepreneur, Dr. Jiang has developed and commercialized
PG2 Lyo Injection, a new drug to treat cancer related fatigue. From 1998 to 2009, Dr. T. S. Jiang served as President of Phyto Health
Corporation where he led a project team to develop PG2 Injectable. This product was extracted, isolated and purified from a type of Traditional
Chinese Medicine. PG2 Injection was intended for cancer patients who had trouble recovering from severe fatigue. Dr. Jiang oversaw and
managed the R&amp;D department, daily corporate operations and business of Phyto Health Corporation when he was the President. PG2 Lyo
Injection received approval on its NDA from Taiwan Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and later was launched into the Taiwan market
in 2012. We believe that Dr. Jiang provides leadership and technological guidance on our strategic development and operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Director</B>, has served
as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2017 and as a technical director at Supermicro Computer, Inc. since August 2022. Dr. Jiang served
as a technical director at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan from February 2017 to July 2021. Prior to joining the
Industrial Technology Research Institute as a technical director, Dr. Jiang worked at the Company as chief information officer from November
2016 to January 2017, Ericsson as engineering manager from 2013 to 2016 and the Industrial Technology Research Institute as deputy director
from October 2011 to February 2013. In addition, Dr. Jiang worked at several other research institutes, including University of Alaska
Fairbanks, National Taiwan University and Chung Cheng University, with his research interest in cloud computing and Internet security,
especially in the areas of virtualization, software-defined data centers, SDN enabled networks and big data analytics. Dr. Jiang received
his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering in 1983 and Master of Science in electrical engineering in 1984, both from National
Taiwan University, and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1988. Dr. Tsang
Ming Jiang is a brother of Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, who together with his wife collectively owns 80% of Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. which
has approximately 69.3% of ownership interest in the Company through YuanGene Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lion Arts Promotion,
Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang, Director,</B> has served
as a director of BioLite Inc. since 2013 and as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2015. Dr. Jiang has been a pediatrician at the department
of pediatrics of Eugene Women and Children Clinic since 2016. Previously, Dr. Chang-Jen worked as an attending doctor at the department
of pediatrics of Keelung Hospital, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan from 1994 to 2009. Before his position at Keelung Hospital,
he was a chief doctor at the department of pediatrics, hematology and oncology of Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan for three years
until 1994. Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang obtained his doctor of medicine degree (the Taiwanese equivalent degree of MD) from Taipei Medical University
in Taiwan in 1982 and started his career in Mackay Memorial Hospital. We believe that the Company will benefit from Dr. Jiang&rsquo;s
knowledge in biology and experiences in medical practice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Norimi Sakamoto, Director</B>, currently serves
a director at Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. from June 2016. Ms. Sakamoto served as the chief executive officer of MyLife Co., Ltd.
from June 2013 to March 2020. Ms. Sakamoto started her career in 1997 from Sumitomo Corporation Hokkaido Co., Ltd. in Japan. Ms. Sakamoto
received her Bachelor Degree of Arts in travel and tourism from Davis and Elkins College in 1993 and Master of Science in urban studies
from the University of New Orleans in 1995.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Yen-Hsin Chou, Director</B>, has served as
a financial specialist at Mega Bank since 2011. Ms. Chou&rsquo;s responsibilities primarily include customer services and financial consultations.
Ms. Chou received a Bachelor Degree in finance and economics from Yuan Ze University School of Economics in 2010.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Hsin-Hui Miao, Director,</B> served as counter
manager at Yueh Shan Chi Cram School from August 2021 to May 2022. From August 1988 to July 2021, Ms. Miao was a kindergarten teacher
and also severed as the leader of general affairs team at the affiliated high school of Tunghai University, Kindergarten Division. Ms.
Miao received her Bachelor Degree of Education from Taichung University of Education in 1998.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Yoshinobu Odaira, Director,</B> was elected
as a director on our Board of Directors on February 8, 2019. He is an entrepreneur and has founded a number of Japanese agricultural
companies, including Yukiguni Maitake, our licensing partner. In 1983, Mr. Odaira established Yukiguni Maitake, which became a public
company in Japan in 1994. In 2015, Bain Capital Private Equity purchased Yukiguni Maitake through a tender offer. In addition to his
success with Yukiguni Maitake, Mr. Odaira served as the CEO of Yukiguni Shoji Co., Ltd. since 1988, as the CEO of Odaira Shoji Co., Ltd.
from 1989 and as a director of Shogun Maitake Japan Co., Ltd. since June 1989. In 2015, Mr. Odaira founded two new companies, Shogun
Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. in Canada and Odaira Kinoko Research Co., Ltd. in Japan. Mr. Odaira has served as the CEO and director of Shogun
Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. since June 2016. Mr. Odaira served as a director of BioLite Inc. from February 2019 to April 2019. Yoshinobu
Odaira graduated from the Ikazawa Junior High School in 1963. We believe that we will benefit from Mr. Odaira&rsquo;s successful business
experience.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Che Wei Hsu, Director,</B> is currently employed
as a clerk by Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. since August 2016; previously she was a teacher in a Junior High School. Ms. Hsu received a Bachelor
Degree from Tunghai University School of Chinese Literature in 2004.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Shuling Jiang, Director,</B> has served as
a director for various companies, including BioLite, Inc. and BioFirst Corp, , since 2017 and started to serve as Managing Director for
Biokey, Inc. in 2022. Ms. Jiang received a Bachelor Degree from National Taiwan Normal University School of Music in 1978 and a Master
Degree from Northwestern University School of Music in 1983.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Yu-Min (Francis) Chung, Director</B>, was
a Partner at Maxpro Ventures, an investment firm in Taiwan focused on breakthrough biomedical technology companies, from July 2018 to
May 2022. Prior to that, he served as Vice President at TaiAn Technology, which is a biotechnology service company and a management company
for biotechnology venture capital funds in Taiwan, from June 2016 to June 2018. Mr. Chung received his Bachelor&rsquo;s Degree of Science
in Chemistry from National Taiwan University in 1987, Master&rsquo;s Degree in Business Administration from National Taiwan University
in 2006, and Ph.D. in Pharmacy from University of Iowa in 1995.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Significant Employees</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are employees who are not executive
officers, but who are expected to make significant contributions to our business:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dr. Chi-Hsin Richard King, CSO. </B>Effective
September 15, 2017, the Board appointed Dr. Chi-Hsin Richard King as the CSO of the Company. Dr. Chi-Hsin Richard King, 71, retired since
July 2017. He served as the consultant at TaiGen Biotechnology Co. Ltd (&ldquo;TaiGen&rdquo;), a Taiwan company in the biotechnology
business, from August 2016 to July 2017, the Senior Vice President at TaiGen from July 2008 to August 2016 and as the Vice President
at Research and Development of TaiGen from June 2005 to July 2008. Dr. King served as the Director at Albany Molecular Research Inc.
(&ldquo;AMRI&rdquo;), a New York corporation, from January 2003 to June 2005, the Assistant Director at Medicinal Chemistry Department
of AMRI from January 2000 to December 2002 and the Assistant Director at Chemical Development Department of AMRI from August 1997 to
January 2000. Dr. King received the Ph.D. degree of bio-organic chemistry from University of Utah in 1980, and B.S. degree of chemistry
from National Taiwan Normal University in 1972.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Family Relationships</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are no family relationships among the executive
officers and directors of the Company, except that Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang and Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang are brothers,
Mr. Eugene Jiang is Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&rsquo;s son, and the marital relationship between Yoshinobu Odaira and Norimi Sakamoto and
between Shuling Jiang and Dr. Jiang.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Legal Proceedings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">During the past ten years, none of our current directors, executive
officers, promoters, control persons, or nominees has been:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the subject of any bankruptcy
    petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the
    bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">convicted in a criminal
    proceeding or is subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">subject to any order, judgment,
    or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction or any Federal or State authority,
    permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities
    or banking activities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">found by a court of competent
    jurisdiction (in a civil action), the Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state
    securities or commodities law.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the subject of, or a party
    to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or
    vacated, relating to an alleged violation of (a) any Federal or State securities or commodities law or regulation; (b) any law or
    regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction,
    order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition
    order; or (c) any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the subject of, or a party
    to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section
    3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its
    members or persons associated with a member.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless disclosed otherwise, we are currently
not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending legal or administrative proceedings
against us. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of
our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Director Independence</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The NASDAQ Rules require that a majority of the
Board be independent. The Board consists of 11 directors, of which nine are non-management directors. Each year the Board reviews the
materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company, either directly or indirectly. No member of the Board
has any relationship or arrangement that would require disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. For additional information see &ldquo;Certain
Relationships and Related-Party Transactions&rdquo; in this report. Based on this review, the Board has determined that the following
current directors are &ldquo;independent directors&rdquo; as defined by the NASDAQ Rules: Messrs. Odaira and Chung and Mses. Sakamoto,
Chou and Miao.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each director who is a member of the Audit and
Finance Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is an independent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Board Committees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Audit Committee</I>. The Audit Committee of
the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Chou, Yen-Hsin (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions of the
Audit Committee include the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing and approving the planned scope,
proposed fee arrangements and results of the Company&rsquo;s annual audit, reviewing the adequacy of the Company&rsquo;s accounting and
financial controls and reviewing the independence of the Company&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm. The Board has
determined that Ms. Chou, Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &ldquo;independent director&rdquo; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ
Stock Market. The Board of Directors has also determined Ms. Chou is an &ldquo;audit committee financial expert&rdquo; within the applicable
definition of the SEC. The Audit Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available
on our website at www.abvcpharma.com. Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any
part of this reports. We have included the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Compensation Committee</I>. The Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Norimi Sakamoto (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The
functions of the Compensation Committee include the approval of the compensation offered to our executive officers and recommending to
the full Board of Directors the compensation to be offered to our directors, including our Chairman. The Board has determined that Ms.
Sakamoto, Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &ldquo;independent director&rdquo; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market
LLC. In addition, the members of the Compensation Committee qualify as &ldquo;non-employee directors&rdquo; for purposes of Rule 16b-3
under the Exchange Act and as &ldquo;outside directors&rdquo; for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended. The Compensation Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available
on our website at www.abvcpharma.com. Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any
part of this report. We have included the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee</I>.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors consists of Mr. Yoshinobu Odaira (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui,
and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq&rsquo;s listing standards. The corporate governance and nominating
committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The corporate governance
and nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The guidelines for selecting nominees, which
are specified in the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">should
                                            have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">should
                                            possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution
                                            to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds
                                            to its deliberations; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">should
                                            have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication
                                            to serving the interests of the shareholders.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The corporate governance and nominating committee
will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism
in evaluating a person&rsquo;s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills
or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider
the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The board of directors will also
consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to
stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders
that wish to nominate a director for election to the Board should follow the procedures set forth in our bylaws. The nominating committee
does not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk
Oversight</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have two separate individuals serving as our
CEO and Chairman. Our Board of Directors, or the Board, is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on behalf
of our company. The Board receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel, and others, as considered appropriate
regarding our company&rsquo;s assessment of risks. In addition, the Board focuses on the most significant risks facing our company and
our company&rsquo;s general risk management strategy, and also ensures that risks undertaken by our company are consistent with the board&rsquo;s
appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company&rsquo;s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management
processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and
that our board leadership structure supports this approach.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Code of Ethics</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We adopted a code of ethics, a copy of which
is attached herein as Exhibit 14.1. The Code of Ethics applies to all of our employees, officers and directors. This Code constitutes
a &ldquo;code of ethics&rdquo; as defined by the rules of the SEC. Copies of the code may be obtained free of charge from our website,
www.abvcpharma.com. Any amendments to, or waivers from, a provision of our code of ethics that applies to any of our executive officers
will be posted on our website in accordance with the rules of the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Indemnification</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Neither our Articles of Incorporation nor Bylaws
prevent us from indemnifying our officers, directors and agents to the extent permitted under the Nevada Revised Statute (&ldquo;NRS&rdquo;).
NRS Section 78.7502 provides that a corporation shall indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation against expenses,
including attorneys&rsquo; fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with any the defense to the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding
referred to Section 78.7502(1) or 78.7502(2), or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to Wyoming law,
we are informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_011"></A>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following tables set forth, for each of the
last two completed fiscal years of us, the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to any person who was a principal executive
officer during the last two fiscal years and every other highest compensated executive officers earning more than $100,000 during the
last fiscal year (together, the &ldquo;Named Executive Officers&rdquo;). The tables set forth below reflect the compensation of the Named
Executive Officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Name&nbsp;and&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;Position</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Salary<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Bonus<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Stock Awards<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Option Awards<BR> ($) (7)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change in Pension<BR> Value&nbsp;and<BR> Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">All Other Compensation<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19%; text-align: left">Howard Doong (1)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">248,386</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">448,386</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">95,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">95,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Leeds Chow (2)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">130,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">130,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">180,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">180,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Tsung-Shann Jiang (3)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">248,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">448,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Richard Chi-Hsin King (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">248,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">448,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">90,556</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">90,556</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Eugene Jiang (5)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">248,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">448,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Chihliang An (6)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">133,333</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">248,386</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">381,719</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Uttam Patil (1)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>






<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
                                            Doong was appointed as the CEO on September 15, 2017. Dr. Doong later resigned from his position
                                            as the Company&rsquo;s CEO on June 21, 2023. The Company&rsquo;s board of directors appointed
                                            Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the Company&rsquo;s CEO.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Chow was appointed
    as the CFO on September 4, 2022.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3) </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dr. Jiang was appointed as the
                                    CSTRO on September 1, 2019. D<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">r. Jiang was also appointed as
                                    the Company&rsquo;s CSO on June 15, 2023, to replace Dr. King, who resigned from his position as
                                    CSO.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dr. King was appointed as the
                                    CSO on September 15, 2017. D<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">r. King later resigned from his
                                    position as the Company&rsquo;s CSO on June 15, 2023. The Company&rsquo;s board of directors appointed
                                    Dr. Jiang to replace Dr. King as the Company&rsquo;s CSO.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang was appointed
    as CBO on September 1, 2019.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. An resigned from his
    positions as the Company&rsquo;s CFO on September 4, 2022.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">2023
    was $2.79, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Accordingly, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of
    $1,635,709 for the year ended December 31, 2023.&nbsp;There were no options granted during 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other than set out below, there are no arrangements
or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive
officers may receive share options at the discretion of our board of directors in the future. We do not have any material bonus or profit
sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that share
options may be granted at the discretion of our board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Stock Option Plan</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our board approved and adopted the Amended and
Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan on September 12, 2020 (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;), a copy of which is attached hereto as exhibit 10.17.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Grants of Plan-Based Awards</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2022, the Company entered into stock
option agreements with 5 directors, pursuant to which the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 761,920 shares of common
stock under the Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $3 per share. The options were vested at the grant date and become exercisable
for 10 years from the grant date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">As of the date of this
report, we have granted options under the Plan that can be exercised for an aggregate of 2,587,104 shares of Common Stock.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes outstanding unexercised
options, unvested stocks and equity incentive plan awards held by each of our named executive officers, as of December 31, 2023:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="19" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">OPTION AWARDS</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="13" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">STOCK AWARDS</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Name</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of<BR> Securities<BR> Underlying<BR>
    Unexercised<BR> Options (#)<BR> Exercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of<BR> Securities<BR> Underlying<BR>
    Unexercised<BR> Options (#)<BR> Unexercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Equity Incentive<BR> Plan Awards:<BR>
    Number of<BR> Securities<BR> Underlying<BR> Unexercised<BR> Unearned Options<BR> (#)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Options<BR> Exercise<BR> Prices<BR>
    ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Option<BR> Expiration<BR> Date</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of<BR> Shares or<BR> Units of<BR> Stock
    That<BR> Have Not<BR> Vested<BR> (#)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Market<BR> Value of<BR> Shares or<BR>
    Units of<BR> Stock That<BR> Have Not<BR> Vested<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Equity<BR> Incentive Plan<BR>
    Awards:<BR> Number of<BR> Unearned<BR> Shares, Units<BR> or Other<BR> Rights That<BR> Have Not<BR> Been Issued<BR> (#)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Equity Incentive<BR> Plan Awards:<BR>
    Market or Payout<BR> Value of Unearned<BR> Shares, Units or<BR> Other Rights That<BR> Have Not Been<BR> Issued<BR> ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19%; text-align: left">Howard Doong</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">85,715</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">10,715</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">2.00</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: center">Nov 20, 2031</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">400,001</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Oct 15, 2032</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Apr 16, 2033</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Chihliang An</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">54,762</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,524</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Nov 20, 2031</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">233,334</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Oct 15, 2032</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Apr 16, 2033</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Tsung-Shann Jiang</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">34,105</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Nov 20, 2031</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">30,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Oct 15, 2032</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Apr 16, 2033</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Richard Chi-Hsin King</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">82,144</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">14,286</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Nov 20, 2031</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">316,667</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.00</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Oct 15, 2032</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Apr 16, 2033</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Eugene Jiang</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">72,418</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,193</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Nov 20, 2031</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">30,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Oct 15, 2032</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Apr 16, 2033</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Uttam Patil</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Compensation of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Directors are permitted to receive fixed fees
and other compensation for their services as directors. The Board of Directors has the authority to fix the compensation of directors.
No amounts were paid to, or accrued to, directors in such capacity during fiscal 2023. We did not pay stock options to directors in fiscal
year 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are no arrangements or plans in which we
provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit sharing plans
pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that stock options may
be granted at the discretion of the board of directors or a committee thereof.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Employment Contracts</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dr.
                                            Uttam Patil has entered into an employment agreement (&ldquo;Patil Employment Agreement&rdquo;)
                                            with the Company on June 23, 2023, pursuant to which he shall receive the initial base salary
                                            by stock options in accordance with Company&rsquo;s standard payroll practice. As of the
                                            date of this prospectus, Dr. Patil has yet to receive any stock options.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 4, 2022, the Board appointed Mr.
Leeds Chow as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Financial Officer (&ldquo;CFO&rdquo;) and Principal Accounting Officer effective from September
4, 2022 for a term of 3 years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dr. Chi-Hsin Richard King has entered into an
employment agreements (&ldquo;King Employment Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company, pursuant to which he shall receive an annual base salary
of $50,000. As of December 31, 2017, we paid Mr. King 10,416 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a per share price of $1.60
as opposed to cash compensation. Under King Employment Agreement, Dr. King is employed as the CSO of the Company. We may terminate the
employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea
of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In
such case, the executive officer will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the
termination, and the executive officer&rsquo;s right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law.
We may also terminate an executive officer&rsquo;s employment without cause upon one-month advance written notice. In such case of termination
by us, we are required to provide compensation to the executive officer, including severance pay equal to 12 months of base salary. The
executive officer may terminate the employment at any time with a one-month advance written notice if there is any significant change
in the executive officer&rsquo;s duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in the executive officer&rsquo;s annual salary.
In such case, the executive officer will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to 12 months of the executive officer&rsquo;s
base salary. On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present at the Meeting, unanimously reelected Dr. Richard King as the Chief
Scientific Officer (&ldquo;CSO&rdquo;), which became effective on September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On
June 13, 2023, Dr. Richard King resigned from his position as the CSO. The Company&rsquo;s board of directors appointed Dr. Jiang to
replace Dr. Richard King as the CSO.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members
present at the Meeting, except Eugene Jiang, appointed Mr. Eugene Jiang, the current Chairman of the Board, as the Chief Business Officer,
effective since September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. Mr. Eugene Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment
as the Chief Business Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. The contract was renewed for another three years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members
present at the Meeting, except Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, reelected Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang as the Chief Strategy Officer, effective since
September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment as the
Chief Strategy Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. The contract was renewed for another three years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_012"></A>SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth certain information
regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of the date hereof (i) each person (or group of affiliated persons) who is known
by us to own more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, (ii) each director, executive officer and director
nominee, and (iii) all of our directors, executive officers and director nominees as a group.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance
with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or
group of persons is deemed to have &ldquo;beneficial ownership&rdquo; of any shares of common stock that such person has the right to
acquire within 60 days of the date of the respective table. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common
stock held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60
days of the date of the respective table is deemed to be outstanding for such person, but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose
of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute
an admission of beneficial ownership.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise noted, the business address
of each beneficial owner listed is 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons listed
below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to the extent that power
may be shared with a spouse.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of April <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT>,
                                                                                                                  2024, we had 10,560,421 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Name of Beneficial Owner</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount and<BR>
    Nature of<BR>
    Beneficial<BR>
    Ownership</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Percent of <BR>
    Class</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Uttam Patil</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">72,428</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang (1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">147,373</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Leeds Chow</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">52,007</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41,956</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">48,072</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsang-Ming Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41,994</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41,854</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (2)(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">590,843</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang (3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42,082</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">57,758</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Che -Wei Hsu</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41,723</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,628,464</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min Chung</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41,943</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>All officers and directors as a group (Fourteen (14) persons)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2,848,497</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>27.0</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>%</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">YuanGene Corporation (4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">829,699</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">less
                                            than 1%.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Eugene
                                            Jiang held 147,373 shares through direct ownership.</P></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dr.
                                            Tsung-Shann Jiang held 167,599 shares of common stock through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation,
                                            722 shares through Rgene Corporation, 608 shares through BioFirst, 45 shares through BioLite,
                                            3,227 shares through Lion Arts, and the rest of 418,642 shares through direct ownership.</P></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dr.
                                            Chang-Jen Jiang held 234 shares of common stock in the Company through his ownership in BioFirst,
                                            1 share through Rgene, and the rest of 41,847 shares through direct ownership.</P></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Ms. Shuling Jiang held 662,100 shares of common
                                            stock through her ownership in YuanGene Corporation, 964 shares through Rgene Corporation,
                                            8,833 shares through BioFirst, 182 shares through BioLite, 48,761 shares through Liongene,
                                            21,313 shares through Keypoint, 1,012 shares through Genepro, 12,747 shares through Lion
                                            Arts, and the rest of 872,552 shares through direct ownership.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(5) </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">YuanGene Corporation is a company wholly-owned by
    Lion Arts, which is owned by Shu-Ling Chiang (80%) and Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (20%); however, YuanGene appointed Eugene Jiang to have
    sole voting control over the shares held by YuanGene, the principal office address of which is 2<SUP>nd </SUP>floor, Building B,
    SNPF Plaza, Savalalo, Apia, Samoa.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_015"></A>RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as disclosed herein, no director, executive
officer, shareholder holding at least 5% of shares of our common stock, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct
or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction since January 1, 2022, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeds
the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year-end for the last two completed fiscal years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 10, 2020, the Company and Rgene signed
an amendment to the Co-Dev Agreement dated May 26, 2017, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast
Cancer Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Clinical Development Service Agreement
with Rgene Corporation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. BioKey, Inc. entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&ldquo;Service Agreement&rdquo;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &ldquo;Rgene Studies&rdquo;). The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration
date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice.
Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with
each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, we executed an amendment
to our collaboration agreement with BioFirst dated July 24, 2017, to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal
Storage Solution to our agreement. ABV-2002 is intended to be utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or
diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially ABVC will focus on ABV-2002, a solution
utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial keratoplasty
(back layer cornea transplant). Designated ABV-2002 under ABVC&rsquo;s product identification system, the solution is comprised of a
specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The
specific polymer in ABV 2002 can adjust osmolarity to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal
stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor
cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial
properties and neuroprotection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. ABV-2002 is categorized as a Class I Medical Device that has the lowest risk to patients; however, further
clinical development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2018, the Company and BioFirst (Australia)
entered into a loan agreement for a total amount of $40,000 to meet its working capital needs. The advances bear 0% interest rate and
are due on demand prior to September 30, 2020. Afterwards, all outstanding load will bear interest rate at 12% per annum. On July 1,
2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund
allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to mature on September 30, 2021 with
an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, however, on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia)
for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for
$250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan has an interest rate of 6.5% per annum and matured on November 30, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate amount of outstanding loans and accrued interest was $1,028,556 and $491,816, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Joint Venture Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &ldquo;<B>Completion
Date</B>&rdquo;), the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&ldquo;<B>Lucidaim</B>,&rdquo; together with the Company,
the &ldquo;<B>Shareholders</B>&rdquo;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&ldquo;<B>Biolite JP&rdquo;</B>) entered into
a Joint Venture Agreement (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;). Biolite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <I>Kabushiki Kaisha</I>)
incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares
issued and outstanding (the &ldquo;<B>Ordinary Shares</B>&rdquo;). Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned
1,501 Ordinary Shares and the Company owned 1,548 Ordinary Shares. The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce
to writing their desire to invest in and operate Biolite JP as a joint venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research
and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements
carried on by Biolite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses as may from time to time be agreed by an
amendment to the Agreement. The closing of the transaction is conditioned upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals,
which have been received.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company
shall appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi;
the current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&rsquo;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director. The Agreement further provides that the Company and Biolite JP shall assign the research collaboration and license
agreement between them to Biolite JP or prepare the same (the &ldquo;<B>License Agreement</B>&rdquo;). The aforementioned transactions
occurred on the Completion Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall
supervise and manage the business and operations of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services
as a director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all
of its Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain
corporate actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>Reserved Matters</B>&rdquo;). If the Shareholders are
unable to make a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days
after which they must refer the matter to each Shareholder&rsquo;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute
is not resolved within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&rsquo;s Ordinary Shares
for cash at a specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite
JP if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&rsquo;s
Ordinary Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately USD272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the
Agreement, each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be
liable for the bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately USD134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility.
The Agreement further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&rsquo;s profits,
if it has sufficient cash to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Biolite
JP agree to use their best efforts to execute the License Agreement by the end of December 2021, but since it was not yet executed, the
parties continue such efforts. The Company agreed that any negotiation on behalf of Biolite JP regarding the terms of the License Agreement
shall be handled by the directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company and such Lucidaim directors do not reach agreement on the terms,
Biolite JP may at its sole discretion determine not to execute the License Agreement without any liability to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&rsquo;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
USD4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately USD18,000) and then only to the extent
such liability exceed such limit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&rsquo;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Agreement with BioLite, Inc.</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We entered into a Collaborative Agreement with
BioLite, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Taiwan, and a subsidiary of the Company, (&ldquo;BioLite&rdquo;) on December
29, 2015, and then entered into two addendums to such agreement (as amended and revised, (the &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;). The majority
shareholder of BioLite is one of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries, the Company&rsquo;s Chairman is a director of BioLite and Dr. Jiang,
the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategy Officer and a director, is the Chairman of BioLite.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company acquired
the sole licensing rights to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite. In accordance with the terms
of the Agreement, the Company shall pay BioLite (i) milestone payments of up to $100 million in cash and equity of the Company or equity
securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&rsquo;s achievements of certain milestones, as set forth in
the Agreement (the &ldquo;Milestone Payments&rdquo;) and (ii) a royalty payment equal to 5% of net sales of the drug products when ABV-1501
is approved for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it may not receive
the rest of the payments from the Company. According to the Agreement, after Phase II clinical trials are completed, 15% of the Milestone
Payment becomes due and shall be paid in two stages: (i) 5% no later than December 31, 2021 (the &ldquo;December 2021 Payment&rdquo;)
and (ii) 10% no later than December 31, 2022. On February 12, 2022, the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors determined that the December
2021 Payment, which is equal to $5,000,000, shall be paid via the cancellation of certain outstanding debt, in the amount of $5,000,000,
that BioLite owes the Company as of December 31, 2021. On February 22, 2022, the parties entered into an amendment to the Agreement allowing
the Company to make all payments due under the Agreement via the forgiveness of debt, in equal value, owed by BioLite to the Company.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction and was
conducted at arm&rsquo;s length. In addition to the Company&rsquo;s board of directors approving the modification of terms of the Agreement,
the Company&rsquo;s audit committee approved them too. The Board believes it is in the Company&rsquo;s best interest to cancel outstanding
debt and apply it to the December 2021 Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Following such approval, the Company and BioLite
entered into an amendment to the Agreement reflecting the modified payment method.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Real Estate Purchase</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&ldquo;<B>Shuling</B>&rdquo;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &ldquo;<B>Land</B>&rdquo;) to the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;). Shuling
is a director of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the
Company&rsquo;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In consideration for the Land, the Company shall
pay Shuling (i) 703,495 restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) at a price of $3.50 per
share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00
per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling will also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company.
Thus, the parties value the exchange at approximately $2,962,232.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Other related party transactions</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due from related parties:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(1)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered
        into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at
        5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene.
        The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&rsquo;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price
        equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion
        price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default
        provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if
        not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As of December 31, <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023,
the outstanding loan balance was $700,000; and accrued interest was $45,573.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst
                                    (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans
                                    period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022,
                                    the outstanding loan balance and allocated research fee was $0 and $660,484, respectively; and accrued
                                    interest was $0 and $92,171, respectively. The outstanding amount was settled in 2023.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due to related parties:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Since 2019, BioFirst has advanced funds to the Company for working capital
                                    purpose. The advances bear interest 1% per month (or equivalent to 12% per annum). As of December
                                    31, 2022<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, the aggregate
                                    amount of outstanding balance and accrued interest is $188,753, a combination of $147,875 from loan,
                                    and $40,878 from expense-sharing. The outstanding amount was being settled in 2023.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital
                                    purpose. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December
                                    31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $20,750 and $19,789, respectively.
                                    These loans bear interest rate of 0% to 1% per month, and are due on demand.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Since <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2018,
                                    the Company&rsquo;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose.
                                    The advances bear interest rate from 12% to 13.6224% per annum. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022,
                                    the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $152,382 and $151,450, respectively. Interest
                                    expenses in connection with these loans were $20,094 and $21,378 for the years ended December 31,
                                    2023 and 2022, respectively.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Promoters and Certain Control Persons</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None of our management or other control persons
were &ldquo;promoters&rdquo; (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act), and none of such persons took the initiative
in the formation of our business or received any of our debt or equity securities or any of the proceeds from the sale of such securities
in exchange for the contribution of property or services, during the last five years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_014"></A>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>General</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s authorized capital stock
consists of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100,000,000
                                            shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20,000,000
                                            shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Common Stock may be issued for such consideration
as may be fixed from time to time by our board of directors. Our board of directors may issue such shares of our Common Stock in one
or more series, with such voting powers, shall be stated in the resolution or resolutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">C<B>ommon Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, there are 10,560,421 shares
of our Common Stock issued and outstanding. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to cast one vote for each share on all matters submitted
to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends,
if any, as may be declared by the Board out of funds legally available therefore. Such holders do not have any preemptive or other rights
to subscribe for additional shares. All holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in any assets for distribution to stockholders
upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock then outstanding.
There are no conversions, redemptions or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. All outstanding shares of Common Stock
are fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, there is no preferred
stock outstanding. Pursuant to the articles of incorporation of the Company, the Board of Directors is expressly granted the authority
to issue preferred stock up to 20,000,000 shares and prescribe its designations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following description of preferred stock
and the description of the terms of any particular series of preferred stock of the Company are not complete. The Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series
and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock. Any or all of these rights
may be greater than the rights of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock. These descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to
the Company&rsquo;s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and the certificate of designation relating to each such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Conversion Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock is initially convertible at any time at the option of the holders into one share of Common Stock and automatically converts into
one share of Common Stock (the &ldquo;Conversion Ratio&rdquo;) on its four-year anniversary of issuance and without the payment of additional
consideration by the holder thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No fractional shares shall be issued upon conversion
of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock and no payment. In lieu of delivering fractional shares, we will pay to the
holder, to the extent permitted by law, an amount in cash equal to the current fair market value of such fractional share as determined
in good faith by our Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>No Maturity, Sinking Fund or Mandatory Redemption</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has
no maturity date and we are not required to redeem the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at any time. However, we may choose to convert
all the outstanding shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into our Common Stock at the same Conversion Ratio at any time,
provided that we have prepaid and distributed all the dividend accrued and to be accrued at the end of the four-year period since issuance
thereof. Accordingly, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will remain outstanding until automatically converted to Common Stock
on the four-year anniversary of issuance, unless the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or we choose to convert the
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into the Common Stock. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is also not subject to any sinking
fund.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Voting Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Holders of shares of the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock shall have the same voting rights as of the holders of our Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Warrants and Options</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, we have 1,307,102 and
7,038,442 options and warrants, respectively of the Company outstanding. We are not registering shares of common stock underlying any
warrants in this S1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Transfer Agent</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The transfer agent and registrar for our Common
Stock is: VStock Transfer, LLC; Address: 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598; Phone: (212) 828-8436; website: www.VStockTransfer.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Anti-Takeover Provisions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Nevada Revised Statutes</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Acquisition of Controlling Interest Statutes</U>.
Nevada&rsquo;s &ldquo;acquisition of controlling interest&rdquo; statutes contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling
interest in certain Nevada corporations. These &ldquo;control share&rdquo; laws provide generally that any person that acquires a &ldquo;controlling
interest&rdquo; in certain Nevada corporations may be denied certain voting rights, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholders
of the corporation elects to restore such voting rights. These statutes provide that a person acquires a &ldquo;controlling interest&rdquo;
whenever a person acquires shares of a subject corporation that, but for the application of these provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes,
would enable that person to exercise (1) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third, (2) one-third or more, but less than a majority
or (3) a majority or more, of all of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors. Once an acquirer crosses one of
these thresholds, shares which it acquired in the transaction taking it over the threshold and within the 90 days immediately preceding
the date when the acquiring person acquired or offered to acquire a controlling interest become &ldquo;control shares&rdquo; to which
the voting restrictions described above apply. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws currently contain no provisions relating to these
statutes, and unless our articles of incorporation or bylaws in effect on the tenth day after the acquisition of a controlling interest
were to provide otherwise, these laws would apply to us if we were to (i) have 200 or more stockholders of record (at least 100 of which
have addresses in the State of Nevada appearing on our stock ledger) and (ii) do business in the State of Nevada directly or through
an affiliated corporation. If these laws were to apply to us, they might discourage companies or persons interested in acquiring a significant
interest in or control of the Company, regardless of whether such acquisition may be in the interest of our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Combinations with Interested Stockholders
Statutes</U>. Nevada&rsquo;s &ldquo;combinations with interested stockholders&rdquo; statutes prohibit certain business &ldquo;combinations&rdquo;
between certain Nevada corporations and any person deemed to be an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; for two years after such person
first becomes an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; unless (i) the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors approves the combination
(or the transaction by which such person becomes an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo;) in advance, or (ii) the combination is approved
by the board of directors and sixty percent of the corporation&rsquo;s voting power not beneficially owned by the interested stockholder,
its affiliates and associates. Furthermore, in the absence of prior approval certain restrictions may apply even after such two-year
period. For purposes of these statutes, an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; is any person who is (x) the beneficial owner, directly
or indirectly, of ten percent or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation, or (y) an affiliate or
associate of the corporation and at any time within the two previous years was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of ten percent
or more of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the corporation. The definition of the term &ldquo;combination&rdquo; is
sufficiently broad to cover most significant transactions between the corporation and an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo;. Subject
to certain timing requirements set forth in the statutes, a corporation may elect not to be governed by these statutes. We have not included
any such provision in our articles of incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The effect of these statutes may be to potentially
discourage parties interested in taking control of the Company from doing so if it cannot obtain the approval of our board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_016"></A>SELLING STOCKHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus relates to the offering and sale,
from time to time, of up to 3,527,778 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Lind Note, up to 5,291,667 shares of
Common Stock underlying the Lind Warrant, up to 211,667 shares of Common Stock underlying the PA Warrant, up to 342,857 shares of Common
Stock, issuable upon full conversion of the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Note in the principal amount of $1,200,000, up to 1,000,000 shares of
Common Stock underlying the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> Lind Warrant, up to 30,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> PA Warrant,
up to 285,714&nbsp; shares of Common Stock, issuable upon full conversion of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Note in the principal amount of
$1,000,000, up to 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Lind Warrant; and up to 25,000 shares of Common Stock
underlying the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> PA Warrant, held by the stockholders named in the table below. We are registering the shares to permit
the selling stockholders and their pledgees, donees, transferees and other successors-in-interest that receive their shares from a selling
stockholder as a gift, partnership distribution or other non-sale related transfer after the date of this prospectus to resell the shares
when and as they deem appropriate in the manner described in the &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo; As of April <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT>, 2024, there were
10,560,421 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            name of the selling stockholders,</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            number of shares of our Common Stock that the selling stockholders beneficially owned prior
                                            to the offering for resale of the shares under this prospectus,</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            maximum number of shares of our Common Stock that may be offered for resale for the account
                                            of the selling stockholders under this prospectus, and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            number and percentage of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholders
                                            after the offering of the shares (assuming all of the offered shares are sold by the selling
                                            stockholders).</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless set forth below, the selling stockholders
received their securities in a private transaction with the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each selling stockholder may offer for sale all
or part of the Shares from time to time. The table below assumes that the selling stockholders will sell all of the Shares offered for
sale. A selling stockholder is under no obligation, however, to sell any Shares pursuant to this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Name of selling stockholder</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Shares of<BR> Common<BR> Stock<BR>
    Beneficially<BR> Owned Prior<BR> To offering</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Maximum<BR> Number of<BR> Shares
    of<BR> Common<BR> Stock To Be<BR> Sold</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Number of<BR> Shares of<BR> Common<BR>
    Stock<BR> Owned<BR> After<BR> offering (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Percentage<BR> Ownership<BR> After<BR>
    offering (1)(2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left">Lind Global Fund II LP</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,448,016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,448,016</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; text-align: left">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">9.99</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">266,667</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap">(4)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 95%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents
                                            Beneficial Ownership of Less Than One Percent of Our Outstanding Shares.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 95%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Since we do not have the ability to control how many, if any, of their shares each of the selling stockholders listed above will sell, we have assumed that the selling stockholders will sell all of the shares offered herein for purposes of determining how many shares they will own after the offering and their percentage of ownership following the offering.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">All percentages have been rounded up to the nearest one hundredth of one percent.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consists of: (i) 3,527,778 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the Lind Note, which is calculated based on the initial Conversion Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.05 per share, (ii) 5,291,667 shares of Common Stock underlying the Lind Warrant, (iii) 342,857 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of 2</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>nd</SUP></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Note, which is calculated based on the Fixed Price (as defined in the 2</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>nd </SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Note) of $3.5 per share, (iv) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the 2</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>nd </SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Warrant; (vii) 285,714 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the 3</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>rd</SUP></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Note, which is calculated based on the Fixed Price (as defined in the 3</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>rd </SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Note) of $3.5 per share and (viii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the 3</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.5pt"><SUP>rd </SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Lind Warrant. All of the notes and warrants issued to Lind contain blocker provisions such that they cannot be exercised to the extent such exercise would cause the holder, together with its affiliates, to beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding Equity Interests (as defined in the notes and warrants issued to Lind) of such class. The number of shares of Common Stock set forth in the second column does not give effect to such blocker provisions. The address for Lind Global Fund II LP is c/o The Lind Partners LLC, 444 Madison Avenue, Floor 41, New York, NY 10022. Lind Global Partners II LLC, the general partner of Lind Global Fund II LP, may be deemed to have sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by Lind Global Fund II LP. Jeff Easton, the managing member of Lind Global Partners II LLC, may be deemed to have sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by Lind Global Fund II LP.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; width: 95%"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Represents
                                            shares of Common Stock underlying the PA Warrants, 2<SUP>nd</SUP> PA Warrants and 3<SUP>rd
                                            </SUP>PA Warrants issued pursuant to the three transactions with Lind: 211,667 from the initial
                                            transaction with Lind, 30,000 from the second transaction with Lind and 25,000 from the third
                                            transaction with Lind. The PA Warrants, 2<SUP>nd</SUP> PA Warrants and 3<SUP>rd</SUP> PA
                                            Warrants contain blocker provisions such that they cannot be exercised to the extent such
                                            exercise would cause the holder, together with its affiliates, to beneficially own in excess
                                            of 9.99% of the outstanding Equity Interests (as defined in the PA Warrants, 2<SUP>nd</SUP>
                                            PA Warrants and 3<SUP>rd</SUP> PA Warrants) of such class. The number of shares of Common
                                            Stock set forth in the second column does not give effect to such blocker provisions. Investment
                                            and voting control held by John Mikes, president. The address for Wilmington Capital Securities,
                                            LLC is 600 Old Country Road, Suite 200, Garden City, NY 11530. Wilmington is a FINRA registered
                                            broker dealer.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_017"></A>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are registering up to 11,714,683 shares of
our Common Stock, including&nbsp;9,031,112&nbsp;shares of Common Stock previously registered on Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-271416), for resale by the Selling Stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders and any of their respective
pledgees, donees, assignees and other successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock
on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed
or negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ordinary
                                            brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits the purchaser;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">block
                                            trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position
                                            and resell a portion of the block as principal;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">facilitate
                                            the transaction;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">purchases
                                            by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                            exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">privately-negotiated
                                            transactions;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">broker-dealers
                                            may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated
                                            price per share;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through
                                            the writing of options on the shares;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                            combination of any such methods of sale; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
                                            other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders may also sell shares
under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), if available, rather than under this prospectus.
The selling stockholders shall have the sole and absolute discretion not to accept any purchase offer or make any sale of shares if it
deems the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders or their respective
pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, may also sell the shares directly to market makers acting as principals
and/or broker-dealers acting as agents for themselves or their customers. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form of
discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholders and/or the purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may
act as agents or to whom they sell as principal or both, which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary
commissions. Market makers and block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own account and at their own risk. It is possible
that a selling stockholder will attempt to sell shares of common stock in block transactions to market makers or other purchasers at
a price per share which may be below the then existing market price. We cannot assure that all or any of the shares offered in this prospectus
will be issued to, or sold by, the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders and any brokers, dealers or agents, upon effecting
the sale of any of the shares offered in this prospectus, may be deemed to be &ldquo;underwriters&rdquo; as that term is defined under
the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of such acts. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers
or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under
the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are required to pay all fees and expenses
incident to the registration of the shares, including fees and disbursements of counsel to the selling stockholders, but excluding brokerage
commissions or underwriter discounts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders, alternatively, may
sell all or any part of the shares offered in this prospectus through an underwriter. The selling stockholders have not entered into
any agreement with a prospective underwriter and there is no assurance that any such agreement will be entered into.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders may pledge their shares
to their brokers under the margin provisions of customer agreements. If a selling stockholder defaults on a margin loan, the broker may,
from time to time, offer and sell the pledged shares. The selling stockholders and any other persons participating in the sale or distribution
of the shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations under such act, including,
without limitation, Regulation M. These provisions may restrict certain activities of, and limit the timing of purchases and sales of
any of the shares by, the selling stockholders or any other such person. In the event that any of the selling stockholders are deemed
an affiliated purchaser or distribution participant within the meaning of Regulation M, then the selling stockholders will not be permitted
to engage in short sales of common stock. Furthermore, under Regulation M, persons engaged in a distribution of securities are prohibited
from simultaneously engaging in market making and certain other activities with respect to such securities for a specified period of
time prior to the commencement of such distributions, subject to specified exceptions or exemptions. In addition, if a short sale is
deemed to be a stabilizing activity, then the selling stockholders will not be permitted to engage in a short sale of our common stock.
All of these limitations may affect the marketability of the shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a selling stockholder notifies us that it
has a material arrangement with a broker-dealer for the resale of the common stock, then we would be required to amend the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, and file a prospectus supplement to describe the agreements between the selling stockholder
and the broker-dealer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any member of the FINRA may not
exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK, DIVIDENDS AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RELATED STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Market Information</B>. Our common stock,
par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), is currently quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Markets under the symbol &ldquo;ABVC&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Holders.
                                            </B>As of April <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;],</FONT> 2024, we had approximately 656 shareholders of record of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Dividends</B>.
                                            Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by
                                            our board of directors. No dividends on our common stock have ever been paid, and we do not
                                            anticipate that dividends will be paid on our common stock in the foreseeable future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity
Compensation Plans</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table discloses information as
of the year ended December 31, 2023, with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which
our equity securities are authorized for issuance, aggregated as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Equity Compensation Plan Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Plan category</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">Number of <BR> securities <BR>
    to be issued <BR> upon<BR> exercise of<BR> outstanding <BR> options, <BR> warrants<BR> and rights</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">Weighted-<BR> average <BR> exercise
    <BR> price of<BR> outstanding <BR> options, <BR> warrants<BR> and rights</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">Shares of <BR> common<BR> stock <BR>
    remaining <BR> available for <BR> future <BR> issuance <BR> under equity <BR> compensation <BR> plans</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left">Equity compensation plans approved by security holders</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,860,211</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,860,211</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_018"></A>LEGAL MATTERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The validity of the securities being offered
by this prospectus been passed upon for us by Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_019"></A>EXPERTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The
                                            consolidated financial statements of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
                                            included elsewhere in this prospectus have been audited by WWC P.C. CPA, independent registered
                                            public accounting firm, as set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein, and are
                                            included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting
                                            and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a_020"></A>WHERE
                                            YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are a reporting company and file annual, quarterly
and special reports, and other information with the SEC. Copies of the reports and other information may be read and copied at the SEC&rsquo;s
Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of such documents by writing to the SEC and
paying a fee for the copying cost. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants that file electronically with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus is part of a registration statement
on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC. Certain information in the registration statement has been omitted from this prospectus in accordance
with the rules and regulations of the SEC. We have also filed exhibits and schedules with the registration statement that are excluded
from this prospectus. For further information you may:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">read
                                            a copy of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules, without charge
                                            at the SEC&rsquo;s Public Reference Room; or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain
                                            a copy from the SEC upon payment of the fees prescribed by the SEC.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We file periodic reports, proxy statements, and
other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information will be available for inspection and
copying at the SEC&rsquo;s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above. After the closing of this offering,
you may access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those
reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable
after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through,
our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by us of expenses incurred or paid by one of our directors, officers or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by that director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we
will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether that indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the
final adjudication of that issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes
thereto and the report of WWC P.C. CPA, our independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth on pages F-2 through F-38
of this Report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">CONTENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#f_001">REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB&nbsp; ID 1171)</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#f_002">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><A HREF="#f_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#f_004">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#f_005">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY (DEFICIT)&nbsp;FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#f_006">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="image_002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><A NAME="f_001"></A>REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">To:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Board of Directors and Stockholders of</TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Opinion on the Financial Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have audited the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets of ABVC BioPharma, Inc., and subsidiaries (collectively the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of December 31, 2023,
and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss, cash flows, stockholders&rsquo; equity (deficit),
and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &ldquo;financial statements&rdquo;). In our opinion, the financial statements present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, and the results of its operations
and its cash flows&nbsp;in each of the years for the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Substantial Doubt about the Company&rsquo;s
Ability to Continue as a Going Concern</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying financial
statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements,
the Company incurred substantial losses during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital
deficit and net cash outflows from operating activities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company&rsquo;s ability to
continue as a going concern. Management&rsquo;s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Basis for Opinion</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company&rsquo;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&rsquo;s financial
statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We conducted our audits in
accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required
to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion&#9;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our audits included performing
procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for
our opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_003.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Critical Audit Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The critical audit matters
communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to
be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and
(2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter
in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit
matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Purchase of property via common stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As described in Note 5
of the financial statements, the Company acquired the property by entered and governed by a complex cooperation agreement. The terms
and conditions of the agreement dictate the proper categorization and recognition of these property in the Company&rsquo;s financial
statements. Accordingly, we have identified the purchase of property and equipment via common stock as a critical audit matter due to the
complexity of such cooperation agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The primary audit procedures
we performed in order to address this critical audit matter were the following: (i) examined the cooperation agreement and other related
documents, evaluated the terms and conditions, (ii) gained an understanding of the structure set forth by the agreement by enquiring with
management, (iii) confirmed with the counterparty in the cooperation agreement with their understanding of the terms and conditions of
the cooperation agreements and compared their responses with the Company&rsquo;s books and records, (iv) tested the reasonableness, completeness,
mathematical accuracy and relevance of key underlying data used in the valuation of the property. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Common
stock, additional paid in capital and property and equipment, net is affected by this critical audit matter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Stock-based compensation to third parties</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As described in Note 12 of
the financial statements, the Company granted common stock to third parties as consideration to consultants for services rendered; these
grants were recorded as stock-based compensation expense in the Company&rsquo;s results of operations. We identified the recognition of
stock-based compensation to non-employees as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments and assumptions made by management
to apply proper valuation and allocation to such grants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The primary procedures we
performed in order to address this critical audit matter were the following: (i) obtained and examined the board meeting minutes, board
resolutions, and service contracts, (ii) evaluated the reasonableness of the fair value of services received from the non-employees receiving
the grants, either measured at the fair value at the outset of the contract, or around the completion date of the service contract and
compared those amounts against the fair value of the grants based on the prevailing market value. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Common
stock, additional paid in capital and stock-based compensation is affected by this critical audit matter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="image_004.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">WWC, P.C.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Certified Public Accountants</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PCAOB ID No. 1171</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We have served as the Company&rsquo;s auditor since 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">San Mateo, California</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March 13, 2024</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="f_002"></A>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>December&nbsp;31,<BR>
2023</B> </FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">December&nbsp;31,<BR>
2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Current Assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">60,155</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">85,265</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Restricted cash</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">656,625</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,306,463</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Accounts receivable, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,530</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">98,325</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Accounts receivable  - related parties, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,463</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">757,343</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Due from related parties - current</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">747,573</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">513,819</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Short-term investments</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">79,312</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">75,797</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Prepaid expense and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">101,051</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">150,235</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Current Assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,656,709</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,987,247</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Property and equipment, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,969,278</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">573,978</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">809,283</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,161,141</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Long-term investments</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,527,740</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">842,070</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">117,110</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses - non-current</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">78,789</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">135,135</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Security deposits</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">62,442</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">58,838</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Prepayment for long-term investments</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,274,842</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,838,578</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">Due from related parties - non-current, net</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">113,516</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">865,477</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">14,492,599</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9,579,574</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LIABILITIES AND EQUITY</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Short-term bank loans</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">899,250</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,893,750</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,696,380</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,909,587</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Contract liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">79,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,985</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Taxes payables</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">112,946</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities - current portion</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">401,826</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">369,314</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Due to related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">173,132</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">359,992</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Convertible notes payable - third parties, net</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">569,456</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,932,490</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,543,628</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Tenant security deposit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,680</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,980</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">Operating lease liability - non-current portion</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">407,457</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">791,827</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,361,627</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,343,435</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Equity</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 authorized, 7,940,298 and 3,286,190 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,940</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,286</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">82,636,966</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">67,937,050</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Stock subscription receivable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(451,480</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,354,440</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(65,420,095</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(54,904,439</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">516,387</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">517,128</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Treasury stock</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(8,901,668</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(9,100,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total Stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,388,050</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,098,585</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">Noncontrolling interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(257,078</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">137,554</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Equity</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,130,972</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,236,139</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total Liabilities and Equity</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">14,492,599</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9,579,574</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="f_003"></A>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE
LOSS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year Ended <BR> December&nbsp;31,</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; font-weight: bold">Revenues</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">152,430</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">969,783</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cost of revenues</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">302,037</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">286,415</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Gross (loss) profit</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(149,607</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">683,368</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Operating expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Selling, general and administrative expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,368,278</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,067,545</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Research and development expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,062,916</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,693,457</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Stock-based compensation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,635,708</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">7,036,778</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total operating expenses</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,066,902</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15,797,780</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Loss from operations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(8,216,509</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(15,114,412</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other income (expense)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Interest income</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">185,481</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,817</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Interest expense</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,493,340</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(293,968</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Operating sublease income</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">65,900</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">107,150</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Impairment loss</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(110,125</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Investment loss</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(7,446</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">22,690</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(259,463</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Loss on investment in equity securities</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(221,888</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Other income (expenses)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,384</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(24,149</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total other income (expenses)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(2,437,773</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(400,184</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Loss before provision income tax</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,654,282</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(15,514,596</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Provision for income tax expense</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">256,006</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">797,778</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Net loss</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,910,288</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(16,312,374</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(394,632</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">110,865</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net loss attributed to ABVC and subsidiaries</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,515,656</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(16,423,239</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign currency translation adjustment</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(741</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(22,532</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Comprehensive loss</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(10,516,397</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(16,445,771</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Net loss per share:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Basic and diluted</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(2.43</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(5.19</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding<SUP>(1)</SUP>:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Basic and diluted</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,335,650</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,166,460</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt -0.25in; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="f_004"></A>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2022</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Cash flows from operating activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,910,288</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(16,312,374</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Depreciation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">28,531</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">23,799</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Stock-based&nbsp; compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,635,708</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,036,778</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Inventory allowance for valuation losses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,975</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Provision for doubtful accounts</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,455,101</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">184,589</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Other non-cash expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,413,746</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">32,350</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Impairment of prepaid expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">110,125</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Loss on investment in equity securities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">221,888</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Deferred tax&nbsp;expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">115,668</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">864,802</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">228,557</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(614,166</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">101,926</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">238,092</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Decrease (increase) in due from related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(321,776</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(837,014</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other current liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">786,793</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,608,784</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">68,515</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Increase (decrease) in tenant security deposit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">13,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,600</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Increase (decrease) in Taxes payables</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">112,946</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Increase (decrease) in due to related parties</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(186,860</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">242,469</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 45pt">Net cash used in operating activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(4,235,845</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(7,398,391</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Cash flows from investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Purchase of equipment</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(21,201</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(119,692</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Prepayment for equity investment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(338,985</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,601,992</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 45pt">Net cash used in investing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(360,186</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,721,684</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Cash flows from financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Issuance of common stock</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,050,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,663,925</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Repayment of short-term bank loans</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,406,338</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Proceeds from short-term bank loans</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">350,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,462,622</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 45pt">Net cash provided by financing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,918,960</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,013,925</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,123</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(67,337</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(674,948</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(5,173,487</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Beginning</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,391,728</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,565,215</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Ending</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">716,780</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,391,728</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Supplemental disclosure of cash flows</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Cash paid during the year for:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Interest expense paid</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">33,180</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">285,465</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Income taxes paid</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">27,392</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Non-cash financing and investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,400,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 27pt">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,306,112</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="f_005"></A>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo;
EQUITY (DEFICIT)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Common
    Stock</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Additional</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Accumulated<BR>
    Other</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Treasury
    Stock</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Non</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stockholders&rsquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Number
    of<BR> shares<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Amounts<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Subscription<BR>
    Receivable</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Paid-in<BR>
    Capital<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Accumulated<BR>
    Deficit</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Comprehensive<BR>
    Income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>
    Shares<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Amount</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">controlling<BR>
    Interest</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Total
    <BR> Equity</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    at December&nbsp;31, 2021</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">2,893,089</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">2,893</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(2,257,400</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">58,139,700</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(38,481,200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">539,660</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(27,535</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(9,100,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">26,689</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">8,870,342</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares for cash</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">200,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,663,725</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,663,925</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares for consulting service</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">193,101</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">193</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">4,891,695</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">4,891,888</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock-based
    compensation for services</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">902,960</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">902,960</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock-based
    compensation for options granted</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,241,930</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,241,930</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Net
    loss for the year</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(16,423,239</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">110,865</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(16,312,374</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Cumulative
    transaction adjustments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(22,532</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(22,532</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    at December 31, 2022</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,286,190</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,286</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(1,354,440</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">67,937,050</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(54,904,439</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">517,128</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(27,535</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(9,100,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">137,554</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,236,139</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares for cash</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">300,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,049,700</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,050,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares for consulting service</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">51,941</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">52</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">732,696</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">732,748</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares for property</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">370,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">370</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,399,630</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,400,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of common shares upon exercise of convertible notes</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,732,167</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,732</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,302,380</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">3,306,112</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">Warrant issued with convertible notes payable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,706,338</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,706,338</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance
    of pre-funded warrant</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">700,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">700,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Exercise
    of pre-funded warrant</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">200,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stock-based
    compensation for services</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">902,960</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">902,960</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Net
    loss for the year</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(10,515,656</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(394,632</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(10,910,288</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Cumulative
    transaction adjustments</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(741</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(741</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Distribute
    as Employee Compensation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(190,628</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">591</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">198,332</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">-</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,704</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Balance
    at December 31, 2023</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,940,298</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">7,940</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(451,480</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">82,636,966</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(65,420,095</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">516,387</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(26,553</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(8,901,668</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">(257,078</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">8,130,972</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="f_006"></A>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&rsquo;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&ldquo;BriVision&rdquo;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&rsquo;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions as Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center (&ldquo;MSKCC&rdquo;) and MD Anderson Cancer Center. BriVision had no predecessor operations prior to its formation on July
21, 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Acquisition of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 12, 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite Taiwan&rdquo;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl BioPharma
Inc. (&ldquo;AIBL&rdquo;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&rsquo;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major
Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &ldquo;Licensed Products&rdquo;). The potential
license will cover the Licensed Products&rsquo; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. The parties
are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen new drug
development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the respective
agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AIBL stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling interest
over AIBL. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling
5% of net sales, up to $100 million.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company concluded the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>2. LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity
with U.S. GAAP which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are
realized, and liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&rsquo;s
ability to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported net loss of $10,910,288. As of December 31, 2023, the Company&rsquo;s working
capital deficit was $4,275,781.&nbsp; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $4,235,845&nbsp;from operating activities for
the year ended December 31, 2023. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as
a going concern.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To sustain its ability to support the Company&rsquo;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash
                                            generated from operations;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            available sources of financing from Taiwan banks and other financial institutions; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">financial
                                            support from the Company&rsquo;s related party and shareholders.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Management&rsquo;s plan is to continue improve operations to generate
positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support from related parties or shareholders.
If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital, there is the risk that the Company
may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern.
The audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not
include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and
classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Basis of Presentation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &ldquo;U.S. GAAP&rdquo;) and
pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;). All significant intercompany transactions
and account balances have been eliminated.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Certain prior year unaudited consolidated balance
sheet and unaudited consolidated cash flow statement amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Fiscal Year</U>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company changed its fiscal year from the period
beginning on October 1st and ending on September 30th to the period beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st, beginning January
1, 2018.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Use of Estimates</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated
financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from
those results.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Stock Reverse Split</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&rsquo;s Special Shareholder Meeting
held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per
share trading value of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. In turn, the Company believes that the
Reverse Stock Split will enable the Company to restore compliance with certain continued listing standards of NASDAQ Capital Market. All
shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Fair Value Measurements</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FASB ASC 820, &ldquo;Fair Value Measurements&rdquo;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&rsquo;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1-&nbsp;Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Valuation of these instruments does not require
a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly available.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2-&nbsp;Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that
are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted
prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially
the full term of the assets or liabilities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level 3-&nbsp;Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and
not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, discounted
cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or
liability.</P></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, inventory, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties approximate fair value due
to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&rsquo;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable, and accrued
interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity
is short. The carrying value of the Company&rsquo;s long-term bank loan approximates fair value because the interest rates approximate
market rates that the Company could obtain for debt with similar terms and maturities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Concentration of Credit Risk</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation
and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&rsquo;s insurance limits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for
hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We perform ongoing credit evaluation of our customers
and requires no collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a review of the collectability of accounts receivable.
We determine the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical collection experience and current trends in the
credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit losses may differ from our estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Concentration of Clients</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, the most major client,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87.24%
of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2022, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 71.89%
of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable; the second major client with its Chairman being the Board of Director of BioKey, accounted
for 16.62% of the Company&rsquo;s total account receivable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, the most major client, distributing nutritional supplement in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80.04% of
the Company&rsquo;s total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2022, one major client, who is a Shareholder of the Company that works
in development and commercialization of new drugs in Taiwan, accounted for 93.22% of the Company&rsquo;s total revenues.</FONT>&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Cash and Cash Equivalents</U>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of
three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company&rsquo;s cash and cash equivalents
amounted to $60,155 and $85,265, respectively. Some&nbsp;of the Company&rsquo;s cash deposits are held in financial institutions located
in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company believes this financial institution
is of high credit quality.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Restricted Cash </U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash held
in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company&rsquo;s restricted cash amounted $656,625 and $1,306,463,
respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Inventory</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Inventory consists of raw materials, work-in-process,
finished goods, and merchandise. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market and valued on a moving weighted average cost basis.
Market is determined based on net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews the age and turnover of its inventory to determine
whether any inventory has become obsolete or has declined in value, and incurs a charge to operations for known and anticipated inventory
obsolescence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Accounts
receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</U></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.
The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of income.
Actual amounts received may differ from management&rsquo;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent account
balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection
is not probable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Allowance
for expected credit losses accounts was $616,505 and $194,957 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Revenue Recognition</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the fiscal year 2018, the Company adopted
Accounting Standards Codification (&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;), Topic 606 (ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified
retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018, and applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment
to the opening balance of accumulated deficit at the beginning of 2018 for the cumulative effect. The results for the Company&rsquo;s
reporting periods beginning on and after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and
continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. Based on the Company&rsquo;s review of existing
collaborative agreements as of January 1, 2018, the Company concluded that the adoption of the new guidance did not have a significant
change on the Company&rsquo;s revenue during all periods presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue
when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects
to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within
the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step
model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the
goods or services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the
scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price
that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Collaborative Revenues &mdash; </B>The Company
recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms
of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees,
development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales
of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed
products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized
upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and
marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&rsquo;s deliverables requires the use of management&rsquo;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&rsquo;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&rsquo;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&rsquo;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into and
it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments
under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial
events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events fall into
two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with collaboration
partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with
collaboration partners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management concluded
that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that (i) each
triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one or more
of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result in additional
payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is required to complete
each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving the milestone, (vi)
a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments, and (vii) the milestone
payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these milestone payments in
the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s),
delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing whether an
item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&rsquo;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which is
typically the term of the Company&rsquo;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance or objectively
measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line basis over
the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service
is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes revenue
under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount
of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional performance
method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&rsquo;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is reasonable
relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical,
regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and investment
required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether
a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered substantive
are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency is
resolved.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Revenues Derived from Research and
Development Activities Services - Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the
related services or activities are performed, in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance
obligation at the inception of a contract, which is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its
customers with an option to request that the Company provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active
pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions. The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at
the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option is a material right, the Company will consider the option a
separate performance obligation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding offset
to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&rsquo;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Property and Equipment, net</U></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Property and equipment, net is carried at cost
net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of the
related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of the
remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method, including property
and equipment under capital leases, generally based on the following useful lives:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 91%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Estimated&nbsp;Life<BR>
in Years</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Buildings and leasehold improvements</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5 ~ 50</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Machinery and equipment</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5 ~ 10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 ~ 6</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Construction-in-Progress</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires constructions that constructs
certain of its fixed assets. All direct and indirect costs that are related to the construction of fixed assets and incurred before the
assets are ready for their intended use are capitalized as construction-in-progress. No depreciation is provided in respect of construction-in-progress.
Construction in progress is transferred to specific fixed asset items and depreciation of these assets commences when they are ready for
their intended use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Codification
subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment (&ldquo;ASC 360-10&rdquo;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable
intangibles held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events
and circumstances warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring
losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated,
the carrying value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and
ultimate disposition of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or
the fair value less costs to sell.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Long-term Equity Investment</U>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires the equity investments to
promote business and strategic objectives. The Company accounts for non-marketable equity and other equity investments for which the Company
does not have control over the investees as:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity method investments when the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Its proportionate share of the income or loss is recognized monthly and is recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable cost method investments when the equity method does not apply.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Significant judgment is required to identify whether an impairment
exists in the valuation of the Company&rsquo;s non-marketable equity investments, and therefore the Company considers this a critical
accounting estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the
investee&rsquo;s fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects
of the investee, changes in general market conditions in the investee&rsquo;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance
structure of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&rsquo;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&rsquo;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s long-term equity investments
are subject to a periodic impairment review. Impairments affect earnings as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marketable equity securities include the consideration of general market conditions, the duration and extent to which the fair value is below cost, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery of value in the foreseeable future. The Company also considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and the business outlook for, the investee, which may include industry and sector performance, changes in technology, operational and financing cash flow factors, and changes in the investee&rsquo;s credit rating. The Company records other-than-temporary impairments on marketable equity securities and marketable equity method investments in gains (losses) on equity investments.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Non-marketable equity investments based on the
    Company&rsquo;s assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating
    performance of the investee; adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment; changes in operating structure
    or management of the investee; additional funding requirements; and the investee&rsquo;s ability to remain in business. A series of operating
    losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that a decrease in value of the investment has occurred that is other than temporary
    and that shall be recognized even though the decrease in value is in excess of what would otherwise be recognized by application of the
    equity method. A loss in value of an investment that is other than a temporary decline shall be recognized. Evidence of a loss in value
    might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability
    of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. The Company records other-than-temporary
    impairments for non-marketable cost method investments and equity method investments in gains (losses) on equity investments.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other-than-temporary impairments of equity investments
    were $0 and $0 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Goodwill</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment
annually or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In testing
goodwill for impairment, the Company may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that
the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill impairment
is more likely than not, the Company performs a two-step impairment test. The Company tests goodwill for impairment under the two-step
impairment test by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting units. If the fair value is determined
to be less than the book value or qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a second step
is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the estimated fair value of goodwill and the carrying value.
The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our
best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on expected category expansion, pricing, market segment share,
and general economic conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company completed the required testing of
goodwill for impairment as of December 31, 2023, and determined that goodwill was impaired because of the current financial condition
of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s inability to generate future operating income without substantial sales volume increases, which
are highly uncertain. Furthermore, the Company anticipates future cash flows indicate that the recoverability of goodwill is not reasonably
assured.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Convertible Notes Payable</U></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the convertible notes
issued at a discount, by comparing the principal amount and book value, with the calculation of discounted method. The Company assess
the discount per month. The amortization period of the promissory note is 18 months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Beneficial Conversion Feature</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">From
time to time, the Company may issue convertible notes that may contain an imbedded beneficial conversion feature. A beneficial conversion
feature exists on the date a convertible note is issued when the fair value of the underlying common stock to which the note is convertible
into is in excess of the remaining unallocated proceeds of the note after first considering the allocation of a portion of the note proceeds
to the fair value of the warrants, if related warrants have been granted. The intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature is
recorded as a debt discount with a corresponding amount to additional paid in capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense
over the life of the note using the effective interest method.</FONT>&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Warrants</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified
or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&rsquo;s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance
in FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&ldquo;ASC 480&rdquo;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&ldquo;ASC 815&rdquo;).
The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability
pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether
the warrants are indexed to the Company&rsquo;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &ldquo;net
cash settlement&rdquo; in a circumstance outside of the Company&rsquo;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component
of equity at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants
are required to be recorded as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter.
Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Research and Development Expenses</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the cost of using licensing
rights in research and development cost according to ASC Topic 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future uses
the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
when incurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in accordance
with Accounting Standards Codification (&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;) 730, Research and Development (&ldquo;ASC 730&rdquo;). Research and development
expenses are charged to expense as incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise.
Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related
costs, facilities-related overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development
costs for both clinical and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods
and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when
the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties
to provide research and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries in Taiwan adopted
the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;) in Taiwan. Such labor regulations
require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of the worker&rsquo;s
monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&rsquo; salaries to the employees&rsquo;
pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee
benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $10,314 and $13,031&nbsp;for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Stock-based Compensation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 &ldquo;Compensation-Stock Compensation&rdquo;.
Total employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,241,930 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 &ldquo;Compensation-Stock Compensation&rdquo; and FASB ASC Topic 505-50 &ldquo;Equity-Based
Payments to Non-Employees&rdquo; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the
earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total
non-employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,635,708&nbsp;and $5,794,848 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Income Taxes</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for income taxes using the
asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood of realization
of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire before the Company
is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as
a benefit only if it is &ldquo;more likely than not&rdquo; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not
that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on the technical
merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount
of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50
percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that
no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which the
threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense
in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December 31, 2023
and 2022. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures
and transition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the
Company&rsquo;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&rsquo;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and results
in the period such determination was made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Loss Per Share of Common Stock</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance
with ASC Topic 260, &ldquo;Earnings per Share&rdquo;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that
the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common
stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Commitments and Contingencies</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC Topic 450 &ldquo;Contingencies&rdquo;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies
are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates
that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount
of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency
is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably
possible that a material loss could be incurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Foreign-currency Transactions</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan dollars (&ldquo;NTD&rdquo;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions
occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency is converted into
New Taiwan dollars, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of conversion
or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing exchange
rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments in shares
of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Stockholders&rsquo; Equity (Deficit).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Translation Adjustment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accounts of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries
in Taiwan were maintained, and their financial statements were expressed, in New Taiwan Dollar (&ldquo;NT$&rdquo;). Such financial statements
were translated into U.S. Dollars (&ldquo;$&rdquo; or &ldquo;USD&rdquo;) in accordance ASC 830, &ldquo;Foreign Currency Matters&rdquo;,
with the NT$ as the functional currency. According to the Statement, all assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange
rate, stockholder&rsquo;s deficit are translated at the historical rates and income statement items are translated at an average exchange
rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders&rsquo;
equity (deficit).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt
&mdash; Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging&mdash;Contracts in Entity&rsquo;s Own Equity
(Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity&rsquo;s Own Equity (&ldquo;ASU 2020-06&rdquo;). ASU
2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models.
Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not
clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will
reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings
per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For
contracts in an entity&rsquo;s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features
that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements
to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted,
and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted,
but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is currently evaluating the impact
that the standards mentioned above will have on its consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><B>(i)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation
(the &ldquo;BHK&rdquo;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &ldquo;BHK Co-Development Agreement&rdquo;), pursuant to which
it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination
Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual property rights, and has developed it for
medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The
BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia
excluding Japan.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the first Investigational New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the New Drug Application (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10,000,000, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded that
the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and
recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015.
The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative agreement
was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement. In August
2016, the Company has received the second milestone payment of NT$31,649,000, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized collaboration
revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase II clinical
trial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to the milestone payments, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&rsquo;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2
Products. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &ldquo;BHK Collaborative Agreements&rdquo;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &ldquo;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&rdquo; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&ldquo;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&rdquo; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property rights,
and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between
BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of
the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of NT$50 million, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the total of NT$50 million, approximately
equivalent to $1.60 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit. As of December
31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreement with BioLite, Inc.,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company entered into a collaborative agreement
with BioLite, Inc. on December 29, 2015, and then entered into two addendums to such agreement, as amended and revised, (the &ldquo;BioLite
Agreement&rdquo;). The majority shareholder of BioLite is one of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries, Mr. Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chairman
is a director of BioLite and Dr. Jiang, the Company&rsquo;s Chief Strategy Officer and a director, is the Chairman of BioLite.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioLite Agreement, the Company
acquired the sole licensing rights to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite. In accordance with
the terms of the Agreement, the Company shall pay BioLite (i) milestone payments of up to $100 million in cash and equity of the Company
or equity securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&rsquo;s achievements of certain milestones, as set
forth in the Agreement (the &ldquo;Milestone Payments&rdquo;) and (ii) a royalty payment equal to 5% of net sales of the drug products
when ABV-1501 is approved for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it
may not receive the rest of the payments from the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">According to the BioLite Agreement, after Phase
II clinical trials are completed, 15% of the Milestone Payment becomes due and shall be paid in two stages: (i) 5% no later than December
31, 2021 (the &ldquo;December 2021 Payment&rdquo;) and (ii) 10% no later than December 31, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 12, 2022, the Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors determined that the December 2021 Payment, which is equal to $5,000,000, shall be paid via the cancellation of certain outstanding
debt, in the amount of $5,000,000, that BioLite owes the Company as of December 31, 20212023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 22, 2022, the parties entered into
an amendment to the BioLite Agreement allowing the Company to make all payments due under the Agreement via the forgiveness of debt, in
equal value, owed by BioLite to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, BriVision entered into a co-development
agreement (the &ldquo;Co-Dev Agreement&rdquo;) with Rgene Corporation (the &ldquo;Rgene&rdquo;), a related party under common control
by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant to Co-Dev Agreement, BriVision
and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is required to&nbsp;pay
the Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation of BriVision&rsquo;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future
commitments made by BriVision and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3,000,000, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of
the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally shared by both
BriVision and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3,000,000
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December
31, 2017, the Company has received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000 in
the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&rsquo;s Common Stock, at the price of NT$50 (approximately equivalent to $1.60 per share), for
an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018. During the year
ended December 31, 2018, the Company has recognized investment loss of $549. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write
off this investment based on the Company&rsquo;s assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative
analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment,
changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements, and Rgene&rsquo;s ability to remain in business. All projects
that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to the
Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene to guide three
Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer
and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA IND regulatory
requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million over a 3-year
period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. The Service Agreement
shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier
by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written
notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company
owning 31.62% of Rgene.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed
to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan
from the related party by the first half of 2024, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at
any time into shares of Rgene&rsquo;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until
the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months
written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&rsquo;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&rsquo;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, BriVision entered into a collaborative
agreement (the &ldquo;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&rdquo;) with BioFirst Corporation (&ldquo;BioFirst&rdquo;), pursuant to which BioFirst
granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the &ldquo;Product&rdquo;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute
for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the
Company is one of the directors and Common Stock shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 8).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3,000,000 in cash or stock
of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3,000,000 is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&rsquo;s past research
efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future
commitments made by BioFirst and BriVision in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50%
of the future net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both BriVision and
BioFirst.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to BriVision. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3,000,000
since currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3,000,000 is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year ended December
31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 428,571
shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3,000,000 owed by the Company to BioFirst (the &ldquo;Total
Payment&rdquo;) in connection with a certain collaborative agreement between the Company and BioFirst dated July 24, 2017 (the &ldquo;Collaborative
Agreement&rdquo;). Pursuant to the Collaborative Agreement, BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right to co-develop BFC-1401
or ABV-1701 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy for medical purposes in consideration for the Total Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into a second
Stock Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;Purchase Agreement 2&rdquo;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued 414,702
shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst in connection with
a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an amendment
to the BioFirst Agreement with BioFirst to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution to the agreement.
ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization
during a variety of ocular procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due the lack of funding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development product is
the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&reg;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&rsquo;s first bio-degradable
vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications and reducing
the need for additional surgeries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The above-mentioned equity is before the reverse
stock split in 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">Property and
equipment as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Land</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">363,416</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">361,193</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Construction-in-Progress</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,400,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Buildings and leasehold improvements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,227,431</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,226,687</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Machinery and equipment</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,138,675</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,116,789</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Office equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">174,797</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">173,766</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11,304,319</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,878,435</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: accumulated depreciation</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3,335,041</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3,304,457</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Property and equipment, net</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,969,278</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">573,978</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Construction-in-progress consists of the property
recently acquired in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &ldquo;Zhonghui&rdquo;). Pursuant thereto, the Company acquired 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of the
land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the
areas of ABVC&rsquo;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base
for the China market and global development of these interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The valuation of such property is US$37,000,000;
based on the Company&rsquo;s 20% ownership, the Company acquired the value of US$7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &ldquo;Shares&rdquo;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the Property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The asset ownership certification is in the application
process. However, the Company&rsquo;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land parcel, or a suitable replacement property,
are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Construction-in-progress is planned to finish
before the end of 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
expenses were $28,531&nbsp;and $23,799 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022,
Land with book value amounted to approximately $363,416 and $361,193, respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9
Bank loans).</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><B>6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Ownership percentage</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Accounting</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Name of related party</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">treatments</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.17</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.17</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: center">Cost Method</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.67</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.67</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Cost Method</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">BioHopeKing Corporation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5.90</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5.90</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Cost Method</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">BioFirst Corporation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">18.68</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">15.51</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Equity&nbsp;Method</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Rgene Corporation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">26.65</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">26.65</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Equity Method</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business are summarized as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 33%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name of related party</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 66%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 116; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,213</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,169</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22,021</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,887</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">818,018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">813,014</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">Subtotal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">847,252</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">842,070</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Equity Method Investments, net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">BioFirst Corporation<SUP>(a)</SUP></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,680,488</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Rgene Corporation<SUP>(b)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,527,740</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">842,070</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &ldquo;BioFirst&rdquo;):</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for
its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&mdash;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&ldquo;ASC 323&rdquo;). Equity method
adjustments include the Company&rsquo;s proportionate share of investee&rsquo;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the
equity method. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owns 18.68% and 15.51% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively.</FONT>
&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst
to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments
as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial
prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst
stock. As of December 31, 2023, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Summarized financial information for the Company&rsquo;s
equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Balance Sheet</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Current Assets</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,451,877</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,543,151</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-current Assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">686,206</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">739,472</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,286,058</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,663,051</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">347,193</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,447</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; Equity</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(495,168</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(483,874</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Statement of operation</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net sales</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">734</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">30,162</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Gross profit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">289</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,239</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net loss</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,194,797</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,274,539</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Share of losses from investments accounted for using the equity method</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(221,888</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &ldquo;Rgene&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; text-align: justify">Both Rgene and the Company are under
common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant
influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&mdash;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&ldquo;ASC 323&rdquo;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&rsquo;s
proportionate share of investee&rsquo;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2023 and
2022, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Summarized financial information for the Company&rsquo;s
equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Balance Sheets</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Current Assets</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">50,538</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">68,302</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-current Assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">250,716</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">303,893</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,591,960</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,478,868</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-current Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">811</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,441</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Shareholders&rsquo; Deficit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,291,517</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,481,309</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Statement of operations</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net sales</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Gross Profit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(291,522</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(1,550,123</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Share of loss from investments accounted for using the equity method</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term investment</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31,
2023 and 2022, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Loss on investment in equity securities</TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Share of equity method investee losses</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(221,888</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement (the &ldquo;Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&ldquo;Lind&rdquo;), pursuant to which
the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &ldquo;Lind Offering&rdquo;), for a purchase
price of $3,175,000 (the &ldquo;Lind Note&rdquo;), that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at an initial conversion
price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (the &ldquo;Note Shares&rdquo;). The Company also issued Lind a common stock purchase
warrant (the &ldquo;Lind Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase up to 5,291,667 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at an initial exercise
price of $1.05 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price
in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration
per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the
warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beginning with the date that is six months from
the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,650.58,
until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration,
conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &ldquo;Monthly Payments&rdquo;). At the Company&rsquo;s
discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of
cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares
by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes
sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the
Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&nbsp;of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note (the &ldquo;Mandatory Default Amount&rdquo;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&rsquo;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&rsquo;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&rsquo;s control.
&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The warrant exercise price was
reset to $3.5 in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount
of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a conversion
price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to
conversion. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common
stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The
fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded to debt discount. An amendment was filed on February 29,
2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion
price shall have a floor price of $1.00 (the &ldquo;Amendment&rdquo;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash
payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate carrying values of the convertible debentures were $569,456 and $0, respectively; and accrued
convertible interest were both $0.</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Total interest expenses in connection with the
above convertible note payable were $2,412,951 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>8.
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</B></FONT>&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Accrued research and development expense</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,799,583</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,600,221</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,184,505</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">568,865</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accrued royalties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">274,028</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">272,352</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">438,264</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">468,150</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,696,380</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,909,587</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>9. BANK LOANS</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term bank loans consists of the following:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Cathay United Bank</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">245,250</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">243,750</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">CTBC Bank</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">654,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">650,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cathay Bank</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">899,250</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,893,750</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Cathay United Bank</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &ldquo;Cathay United Loan Agreement&rdquo;)
in a credit limit amount of NT$7,500,000, equivalent to $245,250. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017.
The loan balance bears interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on term deposit saving interest
rate of Cathay United Bank. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year. On September 6, 2022, BioLite Taiwan extended
the Cathay United Loan Agreement with the same principal amount of NT$7,500,000, equivalent to $245,250 for one year, which is due on
September 6, 2023. On September 6, 2023, BioLite Taiwan extended the Cathay United Loan Agreement with the same principal amount of NT$7,500,000,
equivalent to $245,250 for one year, which is due on September 6, 2024. As of December 31, 2023&nbsp;</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">and
December 31, 2022, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.87%&nbsp;and 2.67%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building
and improvement of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&rsquo;s chairman.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $6,856 and $5,960 for the
years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>CTBC Bank</U>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite Taiwan
and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &ldquo;CTBC Loan Agreements&rdquo;) in a credit limit
amount of NT$10,000,000, equivalent to $327,000, and NT$10,000,000, equivalent to $327,000, respectively. Both two loans with the same
maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC for one
year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year.&nbsp;The loan balances bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum.
The loan is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank. This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&rsquo;s
chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite Taiwan has opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the
loan going forward.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $15,610 and $12,220 for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Cathay Bank</U>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 21, 2019, the Company received a loan
in the amount of $500,000 from Cathay Bank (the &ldquo;Bank&rdquo;) pursuant to a business loan agreement (the &ldquo;Loan Agreement&rdquo;)
entered by and between the Company and Bank on January 8, 2019 and a promissory note (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;) executed by the Company
on the same day. The Loan Agreement provides for a revolving line of credit in the principal amount of $1,000,000 with a maturity date
(the &ldquo;Maturity Date&rdquo;) of January 1, 2020. The Note executed in connection with the Loan Agreement bears an interest rate (the
&ldquo;Regular Interest Rate&rdquo;) equal to the sum of one percent (1%) and the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (the
&ldquo;Index&rdquo;) and the accrued interest shall become payable each month from February 1, 2019. Pursuant to the Note, the Company
shall pay the entire outstanding principal plus accrued unpaid interest on the Maturity Date and may prepay portion or all of the Note
before the Maturity Date without penalty. If the Company defaults on the Note, the default interest rate shall become five percent (5%)
plus the Regular Interest Rate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Note and Loan Agreement,
on January 8, 2019, each of Dr. Tsung Shann Jiang and Dr. George Lee, executed a commercial guaranty (the &ldquo;Guaranty&rdquo;) to guaranty
the loans for the Company pursuant to the Loan Agreement and Note, severally and individually, in the amount not exceeding $500,000 each
until the entire Note plus interest are fully paid and satisfied. Dr. Tsung Shann Jiang is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
BioLite Holding, Inc. and Dr. George Lee serves as the Chairman of the board of directors of BioKey. On December 29, 2020, the Company
entered into a new loan extension agreement and assignment of deposit account with the Bank, which allowed Dr. Tsung Shann Jiang and Dr.
George Lee to be removed as guarantees from the list of Guaranty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, on January 8, 2019, each of the Company
and BioKey, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, signed a commercial security agreement (the &ldquo;Security Agreement&rdquo;) to
secure the loans under the Loan Agreement and the Note. Pursuant to the Security Agreements, each of the Company and BioKey (each, a &ldquo;Grantor&rdquo;,
and collectively, the &ldquo;Grantors&rdquo;) granted security interest in the collaterals as defined therein, comprised of almost all
of the assets of each Grantor, to secure such loans for the benefit of the Bank. On June 30, 2020, the Company extended the Loan Agreement
with the same term for seven months, which is due on October 31, 2020. On April 8, 2020 and October 3, 2020, the Company repaid an aggregated
principal amount of $350,000. On December 3, 2020, the Company renewed the Loan Agreement with the principal amount of $650,000 for ten
months, which is due on October 31, 2021. On October 31, 2021, the Company renewed the Loan Agreement with the principal amount of $650,000
for twelve months, which is due on October 30, 2022. On September 24, 2021, the Cathay Bank has increased the line of credit to $1,000,000
from $650,000. The Loan Agreement was further extended and due on December 31, 2022. The outstanding loan balance was $1,000,000&nbsp;as
of December 31, 2022. On February 23, 2023, the bank loan from Cathay Bank was fully repaid. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the effective interest rates per annum was 0%&nbsp;and 8%,&nbsp;respectively and the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $1,000,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $10,209 and $46,957 for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The related parties of the company with whom transactions
are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0pt; width: 33%; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name of entity or Individual</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; width: 1%; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0pt; width: 66%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &ldquo;BioFirst&rdquo;)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &ldquo;BioFirst (Australia)&rdquo;)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &ldquo;Rgene&rdquo;)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Former President and Chairman</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">GenePharm Inc. (the &ldquo;GenePharm&rdquo;)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Jiangs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst<BR> &nbsp;<BR> Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&rsquo;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.<BR> &nbsp;<BR> Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&rsquo;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.<BR> &nbsp;<BR> Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&rsquo;s sibling and the director of the Company. &nbsp; Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&rsquo;s sibling.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zhewei Xu</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholder of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD>BioHopeKing Corporation</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jaimes Vargas Russman &nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Accounts receivable - related parties</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">GenePharm Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">142,225</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Rgene</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,463</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">615,118</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">10,463</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">757,343</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Revenue - related parties</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Revenue due from related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Rgene</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">2,055</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><B>904,043</B></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,055</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">904,043</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 122; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Due from related parties</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount due from related parties consisted of the
following as of the periods indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due from related party- Current</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">Rgene</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">541,486</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">513,819</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">BioFirst</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">206,087</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">747,573</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">513,819</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 76%; text-align: left">BioFirst (Australia)</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 9%; text-align: right">839,983</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$&#8239;752,655</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">BioHopeKing Corporation</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">113,516</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">112,822</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">953,499</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">865,477</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(839,983</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.125in">Net</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">113,516</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">865,477</TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year
    convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use
    of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
    at any time into shares of Rgene&rsquo;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
    of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
    the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
    Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the
    breach is provided.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023 and December 31,
2022, the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $38,819 and $13,819.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted
$2,667 from Rgene due to daily operations.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &nbsp;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the outstanding loan balance and allocated research fee was $681,185 and $660,484, respectively; and accrued interest was $158,798 and $92,171, respectively.&nbsp; The outstanding amount was settled in 2023.</FONT></P>
                                    <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
                                    <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The balances mainly represent advances to BioFirst (Australia) for research and development purposes. The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 123; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &ldquo;BHK&rdquo;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &ldquo;BHK Co-Development Agreement&rdquo;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2023 and 20212 due from BHK was $113,516 and $112,822, respectively. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Due to related parties</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount due to related parties consisted of the
following as of the periods indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">BioFirst </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">188,753</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">The Jiangs</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">19,789</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">19,789</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to shareholders</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">152,382</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">151,450</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Due to a Director</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">961</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">173,132</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">359,992</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Since 2019, BioFirst has advanced funds to the Company for working
capital purpose. The advances bear interest 1% per month (or equivalent to 12% per annum). As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount
of outstanding balance and accrued interest is $188,753, a combination of $147,875 from loan, and $40,878 from expense-sharing. The outstanding
amount was being net off with amount due from BioFirst in 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>


<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $19,789 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear interest rate of 0% to 1% per month, and are due on demand.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&rsquo;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate from 12% to 13.6224% per annum. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $152,382 and $151,450, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $20,094 and $21,378 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2023, due to a Director amounted $961 was related to the entity setup fee paid by the Director of AiBtl BioPharma Inc. on behalf of the entity.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>11. INCOME TAXES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.5in; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Income tax expense for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Current:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Federal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">State</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">140,338</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total Current</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">140,338</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,400</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Deferred:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Federal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>State</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">115,668</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">795,378</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total Deferred</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">115,668</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">795,378</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total provision for income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">256,006</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">797,778</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
tax assets (liability) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consist approximately of:</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Loss on impairment of Assets</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">713,223</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">709,961</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net operating loss carryforwards</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,568,391</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,866,623</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Tax credit of investment</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">213,482</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">213,482</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(213,482</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(213,482</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets, Gross</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,281,614</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,576,584</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(6,281,614</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(6,459,474</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Deferred tax assets, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">117,110</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>12. EQUITY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In January 2022, the Company agreed to pay the
deferred service fees related to Public Offering amounted $4,296,763 by issuing 1,306,007 shares of unrestricted common stock, valued
at $3.29 per share on the grant date. These shares have been issued in January 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2022, the Company issued 75,000 common
stock to&nbsp;BarLew Holdings, LLC for consulting and advisory services amounted to $169,500, valued at $2.26 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In May 2022, the Company and an institutional
investor entered into certain securities purchase agreement relating to the offer and sale of 2,000,000 shares of common stock at an offering
price of $2.11 per share in a registered direct offering. The shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock were issued for gross proceeds
of $4,220,000, before placement agent fees and legal fees of $556,075. Pursuant to the offering, the Company will also issue 5-year warrants
to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share. As of December 31, 2023, these warrants have
been issued but not exercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 10, 2022, the Board approved the issuance
of 75,000 shares of common stock to Barlew Holdings, LLC pursuant to the consulting agreement by and between Barlew Holdings, LLC and
the Company dated July 1, 2022, and 250,000 shares of common stock to Inverlew Advisors, LLC, in accordance with the consulting agreement
by and between Inverlew Advisors, LLC and the Company dated July 1, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On December 1, 2022, the Company issued&nbsp;125,000&nbsp;and&nbsp;100,000&nbsp;common
stock to Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. and Thalia Media Ltd. for consulting and advisory services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued&nbsp;223,411&nbsp;common
stock to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&ldquo;Lind&rdquo;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in
the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common
stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05&nbsp;per share, subject to adjustment. The Company also issued Lind a common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to&nbsp;5,291,667&nbsp;shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.05&nbsp;per
share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately
prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share
paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants
was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company has been repaying
Lind with securities for 3,732,167 shares, totaling $3,306,112.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in
accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the warrant
has not yet been exercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
July 27, 2023, the Company entered into that certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of 300,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct
offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase
price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000, before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, 200,000 </FONT>&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">pre-funded
warrants were exercised.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The above-mentioned equity is before the reverse stock
split in July 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company acquired 20% of the ownership
of a property and the parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued
to Zhonghui, an aggregate of 370,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, at a per share price of $20.</FONT>&nbsp;The Company also issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing
consulting services on the above transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount
of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a conversion
price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to
conversion. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common
stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The
fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded to debt discount.&nbsp;An amendment was filed on February
29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion
price shall have a floor price of $1.00 (the &ldquo;Amendment&rdquo;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash
payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>13. STOCK OPTIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 30, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate
of 545,182 shares of common stock in lieu of unpaid salaries of certain employees and unpaid consulting fees under the 2016 Equity Incentive
Plan, as amended, at a conversion price of $2 per share; the total amount of converted salaries and consulting fees was $1,090,361. On
November 21, 2020, the Company entered&nbsp;into&nbsp;acknowledgement&nbsp;agreements and stock option purchase agreements with these
employees and consultant; pursuant to which the Company granted stock options to purchase 545,182 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common
stock in lieu of common stock. The options were vested at the grant date and become exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 15, 2021, the Company entered&nbsp;into
stock option agreements with 11 directors and 3 employees, pursuant to which the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 1,280,002
shares of common stock&nbsp;under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $3 per share. The options were vested
at the grant date and become exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2022, the Company entered into stock
option agreements with 5 directors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to grant options to purchase an aggregate of 761,920 shares of
common stock under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, at an exercise price of $3 per share, exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2023, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted-</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted-</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Average</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Average</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Contractual</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number&nbsp;of</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Exercise</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Life</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Underlying<BR> Shares</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Price<BR> Per&nbsp;Share</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Remaining<BR> in Years</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Intrinsic<BR> Value</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%">Outstanding as of January 1, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">8.74</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Forfeited</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.74</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Exercisable as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.74</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and expected to vest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,587,104</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.74</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The fair value of stock options granted for the
years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model applying the following assumptions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year ended<BR>
December&nbsp;31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Risk free interest rate</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2.79</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Expected term (in years)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5.00</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Dividend yield</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Expected volatility</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">83.86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company granted options to purchase&nbsp;0&nbsp;and&nbsp;761,920&nbsp;shares of common stock to employees and certain consultants during
the years ended&nbsp;December 31, 2023&nbsp;and&nbsp;2022,&nbsp;respectively.&nbsp;The weighted average grant date fair value of options
granted during the years ended&nbsp;December 31, 2023&nbsp;and&nbsp;2022 was $2.79</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;and
$2.79, respectively. There are 3,860,211&nbsp;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2023.
Compensation costs associated with the Company&rsquo;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of these options
over vesting period. Accordingly, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $0 and $1,241,930 for the years ended December
31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no unvested options. There were no options exercised during
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
above-mentioned equity is before the reverse stock split in July 2023.</FONT>&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>14. LOSS PER SHARE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net
loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss
by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2023
and 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Numerator:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net loss attributable to ABVC&rsquo;s common stockholders</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,856,656</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(16,423,239</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Denominator:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Weighted-average shares outstanding:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Weighted-average shares outstanding - Basic</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,335,650</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,166,460</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Stock options</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Weighted-average shares outstanding - Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,335,650</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,166,460</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Loss per share</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">-Basic</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(2.43</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(5.19</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">-Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(2.43</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(5.19</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Diluted loss per share takes into account the
potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>15. LEASE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&ldquo;ASC 842&rdquo;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company applied the following practical expedients
in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of expired or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing leases.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of existing or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separation of lease and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&ldquo;ROU&rdquo;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&rsquo;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&rsquo;s obligation to make
lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&rsquo;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&rsquo;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&rsquo;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognized lease liabilities, with
corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&rsquo;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&rsquo;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#8239;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use assets</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">809,283</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,161,141</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">LIABILITIES</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (current)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">401,826</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">369,314</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">407,457</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">791,827</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Supplemental Information</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following provides details of the Company&rsquo;s
lease expenses:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease expenses</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">358,576</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">358,576</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">385,659</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">358,576</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&nbsp;31,<BR> 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating leases</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.73 years</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Weighted Average Discount Rate:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Operating leases</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.5</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.49</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Operating&nbsp;leases</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 91%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">404,745</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">351,352</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">56,916</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2027</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thereafter</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">813,013</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less: Imputed interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,730</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Present value of future minimum lease payments</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">809,283</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Contingencies</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2023 and up through March 13,
2024, date of the consolidated financial statements were available to the issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>17. ACQUISITION</B>&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 12, 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&ldquo;BioLite Taiwan&rdquo;)&nbsp; each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl
BioPharma Inc. (&ldquo;AIBL&rdquo;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&rsquo;s CNS drugs with the indications
of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &ldquo;Licensed Products&rdquo;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&rsquo; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AIBL stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AIBL. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company concluded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of
inputs were acquired but no substantive business processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted
for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration was nonmonetary assets (patent)</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">and
transfer on November12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December 15, 2023.&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total assets acquired</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Accrued expense</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(243,888</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
to Director</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(498</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liabilities acquired</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(243,386</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 12, 2024, BioLite Taiwan extended the
CTBC Loan Agreement with the same principal amount of NT$20,000,000, equivalent to $654,000 for one year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount
of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock at a conversion
price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior
to conversion. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An amendment was filed on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to
Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price
of $1.00 (the &ldquo;Amendment&rdquo;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection
with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 27, 2024, the company granted 1,241,615
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, with an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These
shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement
with Shuling Jiang (&ldquo;<B>Shuling</B>&rdquo;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land she owns located
at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &ldquo;<B>Land</B>&rdquo;) to the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;). In consideration for the
Land, the Company issued Shuling (i) 703,495 restricted shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) at
a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, with an
exercise price of $2.00 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has assessed all events from December
31, 2023, up through March 13, 2024, which is the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued, Other
than the events disclosed above, no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the Company&rsquo;s
consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
