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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2023 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ (7,580,535) | $ (11,811,472) | $ (16,312,374) | $ (12,035,851)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 20,949 | 17,364 | 23,799 | 11,993
Stock-based compensation for non-employees | 1,409,969 | 5,143,483 | 7,036,778 | 5,306,755
Loss on investment in equity securities |  |  |  | 269,844
Inventory allowance for valuation losses |  |  | 25,975 |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 38,500 | 521,955 | 184,589 |
Government grant income |  |  |  | (360,898)
Other non-cash expenses | 1,422,362 | 30,564 | 32,350 |
Impairment of prepaid expenses |  |  | 110,125 |
Deferred tax expense | (35,719) | (31,247) | 864,802 | 824,199
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable | 191,265 | (31,909) | (614,166) | (120,980)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and security deposits | 27,924 | 243,065 | 238,092 | (357,276)
Decrease (increase) in tenant security deposit | (2,300) |  | (2,600) |
Decrease (increase) in due from related parties | 189,755 | (983,707) | (837,014) | (595,037)
Decrease in inventory |  | 5,486 |  | (25,830)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable |  |  |  | (23,044)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 648,626 | (99,306) | 1,608,784 | (173,151)
Increase (decrease) in advanced from customers |  |  |  | (1,085)
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities | 68,516 |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in due to related parties | (155,697) | 58,402 | 242,469 | (317,358)
Net cash used in operating activities | (3,756,385) | (6,937,322) | (7,398,391) | (7,597,719)
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Purchase of investments |  |  |  | (107,547)
Purchase of equipment | (21,201) | (119,603) | (119,692) | (17,503)
Increase in prepayment for long-term investments | (493,158) | (1,518,793) | (1,601,992) | (680,916)
Net cash used in investing activities | (514,359) | (1,638,396) | (1,721,684) | (805,966)
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |
Issuance of common stock | 1,050,000 | 3,917,425 | 3,663,925 | 11,119,452
Payment for offering costs |  |  |  | (850,429)
Repayment of convertible notes |  |  |  | (306,836)
Proceeds from issuance of warrant | 2,429,028 |  |  |
Proceeds from convertible notes payable – third parties | 1,352,512 |  |  |
Proceeds from short-term loan |  | 350,000 | 350,000 |
Proceeds from short term borrowings from third parties |  |  |  | 4,265
Repayment of short-term bank loans | (1,000,000) |  |  | (100,000)
Repayment of notes payable |  |  |  | (107,400)
Proceeds from long-term loan |  |  |  | 236,498
Net cash provided by financing activities | 3,831,540 | 4,267,425 | 4,013,925 | 9,995,550
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 168,413 | (286,775) | (67,337) | (28,021)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (270,791) | (4,595,068) | (5,173,487) | 1,563,844
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |  |
Beginning | 1,391,728 | 6,565,215 | 6,565,215 | 5,001,371
Ending | 1,120,937 | 1,970,147 | 1,391,728 | 6,565,215
Non-cash financing and investing activities |  |  |  |
Common shares issued for debt conversion |  |  |  | 2,693,548
Interest expense paid | 27,525 | 161,741 | 285,465 | 333,873
Income taxes paid |  | $ 1,600 | $ 1,600 |

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