<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-24-025793.txt : 20240326
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240326083551
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-24-025793
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240326
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240326
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240326

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001173313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				260014658
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-40700
		FILM NUMBER:		24781035

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-668-0881

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	American BriVision (Holding) Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	METU BRANDS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150908

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ECOLOGY COATINGS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Washington,
DC 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FORM
<span id="xdx_905_edei--DocumentType_c20240326__20240326_zo3KqOkVTWAc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-26" name="dei:DocumentType" id="ixv-383">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20240326__20240326_zX55J2sIjHij"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-26" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="ixv-385">ABVC
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrant&#8217;s
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20240326__20240326_zsim0Dc8p2y1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" id="ixv-396">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications
    pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_edei--TradingSymbol_c20240326__20240326_zGwJvyb6I6I3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-26" name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="ixv-400">ABVC</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933
(&#167; 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b&#8211;2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167; 240.12b&#8211;2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
growth company&#160;<span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20240326__20240326_zm5NiDR9kGA6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="ixv-402">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
1.01 Entry into Material Definitive Agreements</b>&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 25, 2024, the Company, and one of its co-development partners, BIOFIRST CORPORATION, a company registered in Taiwan (&#8220;<b>BIOFIRST</b>&#8221;),
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;<b>Licensing Agreement</b>&#8221;) with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;<b>FEYE</b>&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BIOFIRST&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;<b>Licensed Products</b>&#8221;). &#160;The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217;
clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with
a third party to develop&#160;the Licensed Products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
per each of the respective Agreements, each of the Company and BIOFIRST shall receive a total licensing fee of $33,500,000, composed
of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6/share within 30 days after
the execution of the Agreement, and a $3,500,000 cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally,
each of the Company and BIOFIRST are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net Sales.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing descriptions of the agreements are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the agreements,
copies of which are attached as Exhibit 10.1 and 10.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01 Financial Statement and Exhibits </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Exhibits</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top"><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit
    No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><a href="ea020257501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><a href="ea020257501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between BIOFIRST CORPORATION and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
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    <td><a href="ea020257501ex99-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press Release</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 60%; text-indent: 0pt">March 26, 2024</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 4%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0pt; width: 36%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Uttam Patil</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>













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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea020257501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>DEFINITIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND FORSEECON EYE CORPORATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Definitive Licensing Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This Definitive Licensing Agreement (&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is entered
into this 25 March, 2024 (the &ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;) by and between:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>ABVC BioPharma, Inc., </B>(&ldquo;ABVC&rdquo;) a company
registered in the United States of America,</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>ForSeeCon Eye Corporation </B>(&ldquo;FEYE&rdquo;), a company registered in the British Virgin
                                                    Islands.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">ABVC and FEYE shall be referred to individually as a &ldquo;Party&rdquo;
and collectively as the &ldquo;Parties&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">WHEREAS, the
parties have agreed to the Key Terms </FONT>(<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">see Exhibit A) as outlined in the
Term Sheet, and now formalize their understanding in this Definitive Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained
herein, the parties agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1. Upon signing this Definitive Agreement, FEYE shall have the exclusive
right, until the expiration of this agreement, to negotiate and execute a definitive licensing agreement for the licensed products with
FEYE.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2. FEYE has the right to team with partner(s) or transfer the right
to a third party to negotiate and execute a definitive licensing agreement for the licensed products with ABVC.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">3. FEYE has satisfactorily completed a due diligence investigation
of the Licensed Product.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">4. ABVC and its Representatives shall deal exclusively with FEYE with
respect to any licensing in the same scope or similar arrangement surrounding the Licensed Product.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Definitive
Agreement as of the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>[Signature Page]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Authorized Signature/Seal</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authorized Signature/Seal</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Tsung Shann Jiang</I></FONT></TD>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jerry Chang</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO</FONT></TD>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Exhibit A</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; width: 30%; border: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSEE</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; width: 70%; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (&ldquo;FEYE&rdquo;) </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSOR</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (&ldquo;ABVC&rdquo;) and its affiliates</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>THIRD PARTY</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ldquo;Third Party&rdquo; means a person or entity other than FEYE or ABVC or their respective affiliates.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>EFFECTIVE DATE</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The effective dates of Definitive Agreement related to the Licensed Product that would be the result of Parties&rsquo; discussions</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>LICENSED PRODUCT</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC&rsquo;s Ophthalmology product including Vitargus </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>TERRITORY</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Worldwide territories (50% right, the remaining 50% is to be granted by BioFirst Corporation)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>GOVERNING LAW</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Laws of the United States </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>FIELD OF USE </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ophthalmology products</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>RIGHTS GRANTED</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ABVC shall grant to FEYE an exclusive right within the Territory license to develop and commercialize the Licensed Product in the Territory within the Field of Use.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>RESPONSIBILITIES &amp; OBLIGATIONS</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be responsible for conducting the clinical
    development of the Licensed Product outside Territory and communicating the results as part of the Product Transfer (PT), which includes
    delivering the Licensed Product sufficient to support the clinical studies in Territory, delivering associated documents, manufacturing
    protocols, QC protocols, to enable FEYE to develop and commercialize the Licensed Product in Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be responsible to secure the supply
    of the Licensed Product to FEYE in the Territory with an agreed price and quantity while FEYE will secure the purchase of the Licensed
    Products from ABVC in the Territory with committed volume. Further details are to be defined in the Definitive Agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FEYE shall be responsible for completing regulatory
    filing of IND in the Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be responsible for providing the Licensed
    Product to FEYE at cost, to support clinical development in the Field of Use in the Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FEYE will be responsible for further development
    and commercialization of the Licensed Product in the Field of Use in the Territory, including any clinical development, regulatory affairs
    (including regulatory filings and approvals), and commercialization of the Licensed Product.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of this license, FEYE will grant ABVC
    a perpetual, royalty-free right to use and reference any development, regulatory, and market data associated with the Licensed Product
    in FEYE&rsquo;s control.</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 30%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>EXCLUSIVITY/ </B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NON-COMPETE</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">During the collaboration, neither Parties or its affiliates will work on development of or commercialize in Territory any products containing Vitargus had developed medical use.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>TECHNOLOGY SHARING</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">After the Effective Date, and at a time to be agreed upon by FEYE and ABVC in the Definitive Agreement, ABVC would transfer to FEYE in English that data related to any Licensed Products in ABVC&rsquo;s possession and control that is required by regulatory authorities for conducting an IDE/PMA and/or IND/NDA clinical studies.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Intellectual
    Property means any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark or other proprietary right</FONT>&#65307;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">including
    all their applications , registrations, renewals and extensions. </FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party or its Affiliates owns all rights, title and interest of
    the Intellectual Property developed or controlled by itself and will be responsible for filing and maintaining the Intellectual Property
    in the Territory at its own cost.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party warrants it does not and will not infringe, violate or misappropriate
    any trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design, trade secret or any other intellectual property or proprietary right of any Third
    Party.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No right, title or interest is granted to the other Party in the Definitive
    Agreement, whether expressly or by implication, to any technology or Intellectual Property rights owned by a Party other than pursuant
    to the terms of the Definitive Agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party will retain an unconditional and unlimited right of access,
    inclusion, citation, electronic or photo copy, and regulatory cross reference, without limitation, to any and all regulatory, technical,
    and scientific documentations, and any and all communications with any and all regulatory authorities in the other Party&rsquo;s Territory
    for all matters related to each Licensed Product during the License Term.</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>MILESTONE &amp; ROYALTY PAYMENTS </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See Exhibit B.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>TAX</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Payments to Licensor as detailed in Exhibit B are likely considered Licensor&rsquo;s income generated in Territory. Licensor is responsible for income tax, value-added tax, and other related fees levied by Territory government authorities on these payments. If and to the extent that provision is made in law or regulation of Territory for withholding of taxes with respect to any such payment, Licensee shall pay such taxes on behalf of Licensor and provide Licensor with original receipt of such tax payments or withholding.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>NET SALES </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Net Sales&rdquo; means the total amount
    of invoices issued by the Licensee for selling the Product of each pack size in the Territory to the Third Parties responsible for distribution
    / logistics, minus the amount of allowable deduction items related to the Product actually provided to non-affiliates as follows:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sales
    value added tax</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;allowance,
    discount or rebate for rejection, defect, recall, return, retroactive price reduction</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Net Sales shall be accounted in accordance with
    arm-length principles, industry standards and practices of the Territory, covering all sales of the Product to the Field of Use in the
    Territory. Any allowance, discount or rebate for any Third Party sales and marketing activities shall not be deducted from the Net Sales
    calculation.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Licensee shall allow Licensor to appoint a Third
    Party independent auditor to audit the financial accounts of Licensee or its affiliates to confirm the reasonableness and accuracy of
    the Net Sales calculation of the Product each year during the License Term.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSE TERMS</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The term of licensing for the Licensed Product in the Territory is 20 years.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>MANUFACTURING</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt 5.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Both Parties desire Licensee is responsible for
    the Licensed Product API manufacturing under CMO model as global primary supplier. Both Parties agree further study and analysis are to
    be performed for the feasibility from technical and financial perspective before the execution of related manufacturing agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Manufacturing of Licensed Product finished product
    is subject to negotiation by both Parties.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Exhibit B</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">All payments below are pre-tax total payments in
USD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Milestones</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 48pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Timeline</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 12pt">Payment to ABVC</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Upfront</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due 30 days after the execution of this Agreement</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -0.1pt">US$30,000,000 Upfront the Investment Agreement</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -0.1pt">(or 5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>US$30,000,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(or 5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Milestone payment</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>US $3,500,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>(Cash)</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E5E5E5">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Total Licensing Fee</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>US$33,500,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share and cash of $3,500,000)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Royalties</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">5% of Net Sales, accumulated to a total of US$60,000,000</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Royalties shall be payable quarterly on Net Sales
of the Licensed Product from the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product in the Territory to the end of License Terms.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">5</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ea020257501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>DEFINITIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT BETWEEN BIOFIRST CORPORATION AND FORSEECON EYE CORPORATION
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 10.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Definitive Licensing Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This Definitive Licensing Agreement (&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is entered
into this 25 March, 2024 (the &ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;) by and between:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>BIOFIRST CORPORATION, </B>(&ldquo;BIOFIRST&rdquo;) a company
registered in Taiwan,</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</B>(&ldquo;FEYE&rdquo;), a company
registered in the British Virgin Islands.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">BIOFIRST and FEYE shall be referred to individually as a &ldquo;Party&rdquo;
and collectively as the &ldquo;Parties&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">WHEREAS, the
parties have agreed to the Key Terms </FONT>(<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">see Exhibit A) as outlined in the
Term Sheet, and now formalize their understanding in this Definitive Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained
herein, the parties agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1. Upon signing this Definitive Agreement, BIOFIRST shall have the
exclusive right, until the expiration of this agreement, to negotiate and execute a definitive licensing agreement for the licensed products
with FEYE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2. FEYE has the right to team with partner(s) or transfer the right
to a third party to negotiate and execute a definitive licensing agreement for the licensed products with BIOFIRST.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">3. FEYE has satisfactorily completed a due diligence investigation
of the Licensed Product.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">4. BIOFIRST and its Representatives shall deal exclusively with FEYE
with respect to any licensing in the same scope or similar arrangement surrounding the Licensed Product.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Definitive
Agreement as of the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[Signature Page]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authorized Signature/Seal</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authorized Signature/Seal</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Tsung Shann Jiang</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jerry Chang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Exhibit A</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border: black 1pt solid; width: 30%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSEE</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 70%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (&ldquo;FEYE&rdquo;) </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSOR</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BioFirst Corporation (&ldquo;BIOFIRST&rdquo;) and its affiliates</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>THIRD PARTY</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ldquo;Third Party&rdquo; means a person or entity other than FEYE or BIOFIRST or their respective affiliates.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>EFFECTIVE DATE</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The effective dates of Definitive Agreement related to the Licensed Product that would be the result of Parties&rsquo; discussions</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>LICENSED PRODUCT</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BIOFIRST&rsquo;s Ophthalmology product including Vitargus </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>TERRITORY</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Worldwide territories (50% right, the remaining 50% is to be granted by ABVC BioPharma, Inc.)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>GOVERNING LAW</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Laws of the United States </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>FIELD OF USE </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ophthalmology products</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>RIGHTS GRANTED</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BIOFIRST shall grant to FEYE an exclusive right within the Territory license to develop and commercialize the Licensed Product in the Territory within the Field of Use.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>RESPONSIBILITIES &amp; OBLIGATIONS</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BIOFIRST will be responsible for conducting the
    clinical development of the Licensed Product outside Territory and communicating the results as part of the Product Transfer (PT), which
    includes delivering the Licensed Product sufficient to support the clinical studies in Territory, delivering associated documents, manufacturing
    protocols, QC protocols, to enable FEYE to develop and commercialize the Licensed Product in Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BIOFIRST will be responsible to secure the supply
    of the Licensed Product to FEYE in the Territory with an agreed price and quantity while FEYE will secure the purchase of the Licensed
    Products from BIOFIRST in the Territory with committed volume. Further details are to be defined in the Definitive Agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FEYE shall be responsible for completing regulatory
    filing of IND in the Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BIOFIRST will be responsible for providing the
    Licensed Product to FEYE at cost, to support clinical development in the Field of Use in the Territory.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FEYE will be responsible for further development
    and commercialization of the Licensed Product in the Field of Use in the Territory, including any clinical development, regulatory affairs
    (including regulatory filings and approvals), and commercialization of the Licensed Product.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of this license, FEYE will grant BIOFIRST
    a perpetual, royalty-free right to use and reference any development, regulatory, and market data associated with the Licensed Product
    in FEYE&rsquo;s control.</P></TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 30%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>EXCLUSIVITY/ </B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NON-COMPETE</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">During the collaboration, neither Parties or its affiliates will work on development of or commercialize in Territory any products containing Vitargus had developed medical use.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>TECHNOLOGY SHARING</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">After the Effective Date, and at a time to be agreed upon by FEYE and BIOFIRST in the Definitive Agreement, BIOFIRST would transfer to FEYE in English that data related to any Licensed Products in BIOFIRST&rsquo;s possession and control that is required by regulatory authorities for conducting an IDE/PMA and/or IND/NDA clinical studies.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 30%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt; width: 70%">
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Intellectual
    Property means any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark or other proprietary right</FONT>&#65307;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">including
    all their applications , registrations, renewals and extensions. </FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party or its Affiliates owns all rights, title and interest of
    the Intellectual Property developed or controlled by itself and will be responsible for filing and maintaining the Intellectual Property
    in the Territory at its own cost.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party warrants it does not and will not infringe, violate or misappropriate
    any trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design, trade secret or any other intellectual property or proprietary right of any Third
    Party.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No right, title or interest is granted to the other Party in the Definitive
    Agreement, whether expressly or by implication, to any technology or Intellectual Property rights owned by a Party other than pursuant
    to the terms of the Definitive Agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Party will retain an unconditional and unlimited right of access,
    inclusion, citation, electronic or photo copy, and regulatory cross reference, without limitation, to any and all regulatory, technical,
    and scientific documentations, and any and all communications with any and all regulatory authorities in the other Party&rsquo;s Territory
    for all matters related to each Licensed Product during the License Term.</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>MILESTONE &amp; ROYALTY PAYMENTS </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See Exhibit B.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>TAX</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Payments to Licensor as detailed in Exhibit B are likely considered Licensor&rsquo;s income generated in Territory. Licensor is responsible for income tax, value-added tax, and other related fees levied by Territory government authorities on these payments. If and to the extent that provision is made in law or regulation of Territory for withholding of taxes with respect to any such payment, Licensee shall pay such taxes on behalf of Licensor and provide Licensor with original receipt of such tax payments or withholding.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>NET SALES </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Net Sales&rdquo; means the total amount of
    invoices issued by the Licensee for selling the Product of each pack size in the Territory to the Third Parties responsible for distribution
    / logistics, minus the amount of allowable deduction items related to the Product actually provided to non-affiliates as follows:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sales
    value added tax</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;allowance,
    discount or rebate for rejection, defect, recall, return, retroactive price reduction</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Net Sales shall be accounted in accordance with
    arm-length principles, industry standards and practices of the Territory, covering all sales of the Product to the Field of Use in the
    Territory. Any allowance, discount or rebate for any Third Party sales and marketing activities shall not be deducted from the Net Sales
    calculation.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Licensee shall allow Licensor to appoint a Third
    Party independent auditor to audit the financial accounts of Licensee or its affiliates to confirm the reasonableness and accuracy of
    the Net Sales calculation of the Product each year during the License Term.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>LICENSE TERMS</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding: 3pt; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The term of licensing for the Licensed Product in the Territory is 20 years.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>MANUFACTURING</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding: 3pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Both Parties desire Licensee is responsible for
    the Licensed Product API manufacturing under CMO model as global primary supplier. Both Parties agree further study and analysis are to
    be performed for the feasibility from technical and financial perspective before the execution of related manufacturing agreement.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Manufacturing of Licensed Product finished product
    is subject to negotiation by both Parties.</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Exhibit B</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">All payments below are pre-tax total payments in
USD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Milestones</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 48pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Timeline</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 12pt">Payment to ABVC</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Upfront</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due 30 days after the execution of this Agreement</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -0.1pt">US$30,000,000 Upfront the Investment Agreement</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -0.1pt">(or 5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>US$30,000,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(or 5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Milestone payment</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due 30 days upon completion of next round fu&trade;ndraising</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>US $3,500,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Cash)</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E5E5E5">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Total Licensing Fee</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>US$33,500,000</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(5,000,000 shares of FEYE at $6/share and cash of $3,500,000)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Royalties</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">5% of Net Sales, accumulated to a total of US$60,000,000</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Royalties shall be payable quarterly on Net Sales
of the Licensed Product from the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product in the Territory to the end of License Terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">5</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ea020257501ex99-1_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Exhibit 99.1</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="ex99-1_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: bold 24pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">ABVC Biopharma Entered into a Global
Licensing Deal of Vitargus</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><SUP>&reg;</SUP></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">with Licensing Income
of $33.5M and Royalties up to $60M</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Fremont,
CA (March 26, 2024)</B> &ndash; ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (NASDAQ: ABVC) (&ldquo;Company&rdquo;), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company
developing therapeutic solutions in ophthalmology, CNS (central nervous systems), and oncology/hematology, announced today that each of
the Company and its subsidiary BioFirst Corporation entered into a global licensing agreement with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE) for
the Company&rsquo;s Ophthalmology pipeline, which includes the medical device Vitargus<SUP>&reg;</SUP> (valued at $187M, by third-party valuer)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(the &ldquo;Licensed Products&rdquo;)</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">.
This license will cover the Licensed Products&rsquo; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;We are thrilled to announce a new licensing
deal that we believe will make our product available to more patients undergoing the tedious Vitrectomy procedure. This partnership underscores
our commitment to providing patients with a better quality of life during and after the procedure,&rdquo; said Dr. Uttam Patil, ABVC&rsquo;s
Chief Executive Officer. He added that through this exciting collaboration, ABVC has secured the distribution rights to a wide range of
eye products from ForSeeCon, which he believes will provide a new avenue for revenue generation with access to an even broader audience.
With this new licensing agreement in place, ABVC will continue to serve as the R&amp;D partner of ForSeeCon <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT>to
discover new pipelines for ophthalmic products. From better vitreous substitutes to various eyecare products, our platform remains dedicated
to showcasing the best eyecare we can offer. ABVC will receive the first licensing payment of US$30,000,000 (cash/shares) <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">within
30 days after executing the agreement. ABVC is entitled to another milestone payment of $3,500,000 in cash after the first useful fundraise
and royalties of 5% of net sales, up to $60,000,000, after the launch of the Licensed Product. BioFirst is entitled to the same licensing
fees and royalties as ABVC.</FONT>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ldquo;I&rsquo;m
delighted to work on Vitargus<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, representing our commitment to innovation. This product is a game-changer, and I&rsquo;m confident
it will exceed our customers&rsquo; expectations. I believe Vitargus<SUP>&reg;</SUP> sets a new standard for excellence in our industry,&rdquo;
said Jerry Chang, CEO of ForSeeCon Eye. &ldquo;We certainly believe that with the launch of this product, we&rsquo;re not just introducing a
new item to the market; we&rsquo;re reshaping it. Its unique features and capabilities will revolutionize how our customers engage with ForSeeCon
a</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">nd elevate their overall experience,&rdquo; he added.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Management
believes the Company&rsquo;s product pipeline has excellent market potential. According to iHealthcare Analyst, Inc., the global market for
retinal surgery devices is expected to reach $4.3 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 7.7%, driven partly by the rising geriatric population
worldwide<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>1</SUP></FONT>.</FONT>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For more information about ABVC and its subsidiaries,
stay updated on the latest updates or visit https://abvcpharma.com. <B>ABVC urges its shareholders to sign up on the Company&rsquo;s website
for the latest news alerts; visit </B>https://abvcpharma.com/?page_id=17707</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>1</SUP></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">https://www.ihealthcareanalyst.com/technological-advancement-ophthalmic-surgery-retinal-surgery-devices-market/</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>About ABVC BioPharma &amp; Its Industry</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical
company with an active pipeline of six drugs and one medical device (ABV-1701/Vitargus<SUP>&reg;</SUP>) under development. For its drug
products, the Company utilizes in-licensed technology from its network of world-renowned research institutions to conduct proof-of-concept
trials through Phase II of clinical development. The Company&rsquo;s network of research institutions includes Stanford University, University
of California at San Francisco, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. For Vitargus<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, the Company intends to conduct global clinical
trials through Phase III.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This press release contains &ldquo;forward-looking
statements.&rdquo; Such statements may be preceded by the words &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;plans,&rdquo;
&ldquo;expects,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;projects,&rdquo; &ldquo;predicts,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;aims,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo;
&ldquo;hopes,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; or similar words. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, are based
on certain assumptions, and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company&rsquo;s control,
and cannot be predicted or quantified, and, consequently, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such
forward-looking statements. None of the outcomes expressed herein are guaranteed. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation,
risks and uncertainties associated with (i) our inability to manufacture our product candidates on a commercial scale on our own, or in
collaboration with third parties; (ii) difficulties in obtaining financing on commercially reasonable terms; (iii) changes in the size
and nature of our competition; (iv) loss of one or more key executives or scientists; and (v) difficulties in securing regulatory approval
to proceed to the next level of the clinical trials or to market our product candidates. More detailed information about the Company and
the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements is set forth in the Company&rsquo;s filings with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC), including the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Investors are
urged to read these documents free of charge on the SEC&rsquo;s website at&nbsp;http://www.sec.gov. The Company assumes no obligation to publicly
update or revise its forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This press release does not constitute an offer
to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of the Company&rsquo;s securities, nor shall such securities be offered or sold in the United
States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation or sale of any of
the Company&rsquo;s securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration
or qualification under the securities laws of such state or jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Contact:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Leeds Chow</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Email: leedschow@ambrivis.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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end
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>abvc-20240326.xsd
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    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd" />
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>7
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<TEXT>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140327924924384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 26, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 26,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-40700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC
BIOPHARMA, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001173313<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">26-0014658<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">44370
    Old Warm Springs Blvd.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Fremont<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94538<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">510<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">668-0881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value
    $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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