<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-25-044910.txt : 20250516
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-25-044910.hdr.sgml : 20250516
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250516163015
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-25-044910
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	DEF 14A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		19
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250603
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250516
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250516

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001173313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				260014658
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		DEF 14A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-40700
		FILM NUMBER:		25959746

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-668-0881

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	American BriVision (Holding) Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	METU BRANDS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150908

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ECOLOGY COATINGS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>DEF 14A
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<DESCRIPTION>DEFINITIVE PROXY STATEMENT
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITIES
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Washington,
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Schedule
<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-0">14A</span></b></span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Amendment No. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

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    <td>Preliminary Proxy Statement</td></tr>
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    <td>Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.<br/>
44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTICE OF 2025 Annual MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To the Shareholders of ABVC BioPharma, Inc.:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">You are cordially invited to
attend the 2025 annual shareholder meeting of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;<b>Company</b>&#8221; or &#8220;<b>ABVC</b>&#8221;) to
be held on June 3, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. EST, as a virtual electronic meeting using a Zoom video webinar (the &#8220;<b>Meeting</b>&#8221;).
The Meeting will be held virtually via the Internet only with no physical in-person meeting excluding the Board of Directors (the &#8220;<b>Board</b>&#8221;).
Technology will be incorporated into the 2025 Meeting to increase efficiency and provide for stockholder participation. In addition to
on-line attendance, stockholders can hear all portions of the 2025 Meeting, submit written questions during the 2025 Meeting and listen
to live responses to stockholder questions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>To attend the virtual Meeting, go to the Zoom
link below:</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">https://us05web.zoom.us/j/85770306191?pwd=oWKuW6qWquz5OXMju5KpSUfUqoFTyE.1<br/>
<br/>
Meeting ID: 857 7030 6191<br/>
Passcode: 2JRRrN<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">After you register with your
name and email address, so that we can log attendees, you will be taken into the waiting room until the meeting begins.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">This proxy statement is furnished
in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors (the&#160;<b><i>&#8220;Board&#8221;</i></b>) of ABVC BioPharma,
Inc. (the&#160;<b><i>&#8220;Company&#8221;</i></b>&#160;) for use at the Meeting and at all adjournments and postponements thereof. The
Meeting will be held on June 3, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. EST, to consider and vote upon the following proposals:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">1.</td><td style="text-align: justify">To re-elect Eugene Jiang, Dr.&#160;T.S.&#160;Jiang, Dr.&#160;Tsang
Ming Jiang, Norimi Sakamoto, Yen-Hsin Chou, Dr.&#160;Chang-Jen Jiang, Hsin-Hui Miao, Yoshinobu Odaira, Che-Wei Hsu, Shuling Jiang and
Yu-Min Chung (the&#160;<b><i>&#8220;Current Director Nominees&#8221;</i></b>&#160;) to serve on the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors
(the &#8220;<b><i>Board</i></b>&#8221;) until the next annual shareholders meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">2</td><td style="text-align: justify">To ratify the selection of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP (&#8220;<b><i>S&amp;E</i></b>&#8221;)
as our independent auditor to audit the financial statements for the fiscal year ending on December&#160;31, 2025;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A proposal to authorize, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq
                                                     Listing Rule&#160;5635(b) and Nasdaq Listing Rule&#160;5635(d), the entry into an agreement to purchase land owned by one of our
                                                     directors, Shuling Jiang (&#8220;<b><i>Shuling</i></b>&#8221;) and to purchase such land via the issuance of shares of our common
                                                     stock  and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, which constitutes a related party transaction
                                                     and which may result in the issuance of an amount of shares of common stock equal to or in excess of 20% of our common stock
                                                     outstanding and which Nasdaq may deem a &#8220;change of control&#8221; transaction (the
                                                     &#8220;<b><i>Land Proposal</i></b>&#8221;).</p></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A proposal to approve an increase in the company&#8217;s Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;<b>Plan</b>&#8221;) up to a maximum of 15% of the number of issued and outstanding shares on the date of the Meeting and permit the automatic increase of such shares available under the Plan, on January 1 of each year, by that number of shares equal to 5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, commencing on January 1, 2026 and ending with the year that the additional number of shares equals 15% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31 of the previous year (the &#8220;<b>Plan Proposal</b>&#8221;). </span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">5.</td><td style="text-align: justify">To transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement
thereof.</td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS
A VOTE &#8220;FOR&#8221; ALL OF THE NOMINEES LISTED ABOVE AND &#8220;FOR&#8221; EACH OF THE OTHER PROPOSALS.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Holders of record of the Company&#8217;s
Common Stock at the close of business on April 28, 2025 (the&#160;<b><i>&#8220;Record Date&#8221;</i></b>) will be entitled to notice
of, and to vote at, this Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. Each share of Common Stock entitles the holder thereof to
one vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Your vote is important, regardless
of the number of shares you own. Due to the virtual nature of the Meeting, you are urged to vote in favor of each of the proposals by
so indicating on the enclosed Proxy and by signing and returning the enclosed Proxy as promptly as possible, before 11:59&#160;p.m. EST
on June 2, 2025, whether or not you plan to attend the Meeting virtually. <b>The enclosed Proxy is solicited by the Company&#8217;s Board
of Directors. </b>Any shareholder giving a Proxy may revoke it prior to the time it is voted by notifying the Secretary, in writing, to
that effect, by filing with him/her a later dated Proxy. You will not be able to vote at the Meeting; therefore, it is strongly recommended
that you complete the enclosed proxy card before 11:59&#160;p.m. EST on June 2, 2025, to ensure that your shares will be represented at
this Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">A complete list of Shareholders
of record entitled to vote at this Meeting will be available for ten&#160;days before this Meeting at the principal executive office of
the Company for inspection by Shareholders during ordinary business&#160;hours for any purpose germane to this Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b>Whether or not you plan
to attend the annual meeting, we urge you to read this notice carefully and to vote your shares. Your vote is very important.&#160;</b>If
you are a registered shareholder, please vote your shares as soon as possible by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed
proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided. If you hold your shares in &#8220;street name&#8221; through a bank, broker or other
nominee, you will need to follow the instructions provided to you by your bank, broker or other nominee to ensure that your shares are
represented and voted at the annual meeting. If you sign, date and return your proxy card without indicating how you wish to vote, your
proxy will be voted FOR each of the proposals to be considered at the annual meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">I want to thank all of our
shareholders as we look forward to what we believe will be an exciting future for our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><b>We strongly encourage you to vote by proxy
as described in the Proxy Statement so that your vote can be counted.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">This notice and the enclosed
proxy statement are first being mailed to Shareholders on or about May 16, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">You are urged to review carefully
the information contained in the enclosed proxy statement prior to deciding how to vote your shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 49%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By Order of the Board,</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 50%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">May 16, 2025</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b>IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY
CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR SHARES WILL BE VOTED &#8220;FOR&#8221; ALL OF THE NOMINEES LISTED ABOVE AND &#8220;FOR&#8221;
EACH OF THE OTHER PROPOSALS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Important Notice Regarding the Availability
of Proxy Materials<br/>
for the Annual Shareholder Meeting to Be Held at 10:00 a.m. EST on<br/>
June 3, 2025 </span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Notice of Annual Meeting, proxy statement, Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K
for year ended December&#160;31, 2024 (the &#8220;<b>2024 Annual Report</b>&#8221;) and the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended March 31, 2025 (the &#8220;<b>March 2025 10Q</b>,&#8221; together with the 2024 Annual Report, the &#8220;<b>Periodic Reports</b>&#8221;)
are available at&#160;<i>www.proxyvote.com</i>.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 89%; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 0pt; width: 10%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Page</b>&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_001"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THESE PROXY MATERIALS</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_002"><span style="font-size: 10pt">THE ANNUAL MEETING</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">5</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_003"><span style="font-size: 10pt">General</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">5</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_004"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date, Time and Place of the Meeting</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">5</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_005"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Purpose of the Meeting</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">5</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_006"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Record Date and Voting Power</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_007"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Quorum and Required Vote</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">6</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_008"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Revocability of Proxies</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_009"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Proxy Solicitation Costs</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_010"><span style="font-size: 10pt">No Right of Appraisal</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_011"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Who Can Answer Your Questions About Voting Your Shares</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_012"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Principal Offices</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_013"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 1&#160;&#8212;&#160;RE-ELECTION OF DIRECTORS</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">7</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_014"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Board Qualifications and Director Nominees</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">7</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_015"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Information Regarding the Company&#8217;s Directors and Nominees</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">7</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_016"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Vote Required</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_017"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Recommendation of the Board</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_018"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Corporate Governance</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_019"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">14</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_020"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">15</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><a href="#k_021"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 2&#160;&#8212;&#160;RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">18</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_022"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Principal Accountant Fees and Services</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">18</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_023"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Policies and Procedures Relating to Approval of Services by our Independent Registered Public Accountants</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">19</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_024"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Vote Required</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">19</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_025"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Recommendation of the Board</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">19</span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; width: 89%"><a href="#k_026"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 3&#160;&#8212;&#160;APPROVAL OF ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt; width: 10%">20</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_027"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Purpose</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">20</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_028"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Vote Required</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">21</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_029"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Recommendation of the Board</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">21</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_030"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 4&#160;&#8212;&#160;APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_031"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Purpose</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_048">Proposed Amendment</a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding: 0pt">23</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_032"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Vote Required</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_033"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Recommendation of the Board</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_038"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>OTHER INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">24</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_040"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Deadline for Submission of Shareholder Proposals for Meeting of Shareholders</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt">25</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_041"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Proxy Solicitation</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">25</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_042">Periodic Reports</a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">25</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_043"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Delivery of Proxy Materials to Households</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_044"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Where You Can Find Additional Information</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ANNEX</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><a href="#k_046"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ANNEX A Form of Proxy Card to be Mailed to Stockholders of ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">A-1</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BioPharma, Inc.<br/>
PROXY STATEMENT</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS<br/>
to be held on June 3, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_001"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THESE PROXY MATERIALS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Why am&#160;I receiving this proxy statement?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">This notice provides some details
about the proposals on which our Board would like you, as a stockholder, to vote at the Meeting, which will take place at 10:00 a.m. EST,
on Tuesday, June 3, 2025 via the Zoom link below. The Meeting will be held virtually via the Internet only&#160;<span style="text-decoration:underline">with no physical in-person
meeting</span>&#160;except the Board of Directors. In addition to on-line attendance, shareholders can hear all portions of the Meeting,
submit written questions during the Meeting and listen to live responses to shareholder questions.&#160;<b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b>To attend the virtual Meeting
via Zoom, go to the link below:</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">https://us05web.zoom.us/j/85770306191?pwd=oWKuW6qWquz5OXMju5KpSUfUqoFTyE.1<br/>
<br/>
Meeting ID: 857 7030 6191<br/>
Passcode: 2JRRrN</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">After you register with your
name and email address, so that we can log attendees, you will be taken into the waiting room until the meeting begins.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We recommend you log in at
least 15 minutes before the Meeting to ensure you are logged in when the meeting starts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Shareholders are being asked to consider and vote upon proposals to
(i)&#160;re-elect the Current Director Nominees to the Board to serve one-year terms, (ii)&#160;ratify the selection of S&amp;E as our
independent registered public accounting firm for 2025, (iii) approve the issuance of shares of our common stock to a related party, which
may be in an amount equal to or in excess of 20% of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the issuance of such shares or Nasdaq
may deem a &#8220;change of control&#8221; transaction (the &#8220;Land Proposal&#8221;); (iv)&#160;approve an increase in the shares
authorized under the company&#8217;s Equity Incentive Plan; and (v)&#160;transact such other business
as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">This proxy statement also gives
you information on the proposals so that you can make an informed decision. You should read it carefully.&#160;Your vote is important.<b>&#160;</b>You
are encouraged to submit your proxy card as soon as possible after carefully reviewing this proxy statement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In this proxy statement, we
refer to ABVC BioPharma, Inc. as the &#8220;Company&#8221;, &#8220;we&#8221;, &#8220;us&#8221; or &#8220;our.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Who can vote at this Meeting?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Shareholders who owned shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value
per share (the &#8220;<b><i>Common Stock</i></b>&#8221;) on April 28, 2025 (the &#8220;<b><i>Record Date</i></b>&#8221;) may attend and
vote at this Meeting. There were 16,153,055 shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date. All shares of Common Stock shall have
one vote per share. Information about the stockholdings of our directors, executive officers and significant Shareholders is contained
in the section of this proxy statement entitled &#8220;Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management&#8221; beginning
on page 15 of this proxy statement.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>What is the proxy card?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The card enables you to appoint
Uttam Patil as your representative at this Meeting. By completing and returning the proxy card, you are authorizing these persons to vote
your shares at this Meeting in accordance with your instructions on the proxy card. This way, your shares will be voted whether or not
you attend this Meeting. Even if you plan to attend this Meeting, it is strongly recommended to complete and return your proxy card before
11:59&#160;p.m. EST on June 2, 2025, in case your plans change. If a proposal comes up for vote at this Meeting that is not on the proxy
card, the proxies will vote your shares, under your proxy, according to their best judgment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How does the Board recommend that&#160;I vote?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Our Board unanimously recommends
that stockholders vote &#8220;FOR&#8221; each of the Director Nominees listed in proposal No. 1 and &#8220;FOR&#8221; each of the other
proposals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>What is the difference between holding shares
as a shareholder of record and as a beneficial owner?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Certain of our Shareholders
hold their shares in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, or other nominee holder, rather than holding share certificates in their own
name. As summarized below, there are some distinctions between shares held of record and those owned beneficially.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Shareholder of Record/Registered Shareholders</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If, on the Record Date, your
shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Vstock Transfer, you are a &#8220;Shareholder of record&#8221; and
we are sending these proxy materials directly to you. As the Shareholder of record, you have the right to direct the voting of your shares
by returning the enclosed proxy card to us. Whether or not you plan to attend the Meeting, please complete, date, and sign the enclosed
proxy card to ensure that your vote is counted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Beneficial Owner</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If, on the Record Date, your
shares were held in an account at a brokerage firm or at a bank or other nominee holder, you are considered the beneficial owner of shares
held &#8220;in street name,&#8221; and these proxy materials are being forwarded to you by your broker or nominee who is considered the
Shareholder of record for purposes of voting at the Meeting. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker on how
to vote your shares and to attend the Meeting. However, since you are not the Shareholder of record, you may not vote these shares in
person unless you receive a valid proxy from your brokerage firm, bank, or other nominee holder. To obtain a valid proxy, you must make
a special request of your brokerage firm, bank, or other nominee holder. If you do not make this request, you can still vote by using
the voting instruction card enclosed with this proxy statement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How do&#160;I vote?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If you were a stockholder of
record of the common stock on the Record Date, you may vote in any of the methods described below. Each share of common stock entitles
the holder thereof to one vote on the applicable proposals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">You may vote in one of three ways:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Over the Internet</b></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>If your shares are registered in your
name: </i>Vote your shares over the Internet by accessing the proxy online voting website at:&#160;<i>www.proxyvote.com</i>&#160;and
following the on-screen instructions. You will need the control numbers that appear on your proxy card when you access the web page.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>If your shares are held in the name
of a broker, bank, or other nominee: </i>Vote your shares over the Internet by following the voting instructions
that you receive from such broker, bank or other nominee.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>By Telephone</b></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><i>If your shares are registered in your
name: </i>Vote your shares over the telephone by accessing the telephone voting system toll-free at&#160;1-800-690-6903
in the United&#160;States and from foreign countries using any touch-tone telephone and following the telephone voting instructions. The
telephone instructions will lead you through the voting process. You will need the Company number, account and control numbers that appear
on your proxy card.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><b>&#9679;</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>By Mail</b></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Vote by signing and dating the proxy
card(s)&#160;and returning the card(s)&#160;in the prepaid envelope.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If we receive your proxy card
prior to this Meeting and if you mark your voting instructions on the proxy card, your shares will be voted:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">i.</td><td style="text-align: justify">as you instruct; and</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">ii.</td><td style="text-align: justify">according to the best judgment of the appointed Proxy if
a proposal comes up for a vote at this Meeting that is not on the proxy card.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If you return a signed card,
but do <span style="text-decoration:underline">not</span> provide voting instructions, your shares will be voted FOR each of the four proposals included in this Proxy Statement
and according to the best judgment of Dr.&#160;Patil if a proposal comes&#160;up for a vote at the Meeting that is not on the proxy card.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>If&#160;I plan on attending the Meeting, should&#160;I
return my proxy card?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Yes. Whether or not you plan
to attend the Meeting, after carefully reading and considering the information contained in this proxy statement, please complete, and
sign your proxy card. Then return the proxy card in the pre-addressed, postage-paid envelope provided herewith as soon as possible, but
prior to 11:59&#160;p.m. EST on June 2, 2025, so your shares may be represented at the Meeting. <b><i>There will not be any voting at
the Meeting.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>May&#160;I change my mind after&#160;I return
my proxy?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Yes. You may revoke your proxy
and change your vote at any time before the polls close at this Meeting. You may do this by:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify">sending a written notice to the Secretary of the Company
at the Company&#8217;s executive offices stating that you would like to revoke your proxy of a particular date; or</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify">signing another proxy card with a later date and returning
it to the Secretary before the polls close at this Meeting.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>What does it mean if&#160;I receive more than
one proxy card?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">You may have multiple accounts
at the transfer agent and/or with brokerage firms. Please sign and return all proxy cards to ensure that all of your shares are voted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>What happens if&#160;I do not indicate how
to vote my proxy?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Signed and dated proxies received
by the Company without an indication of how the Shareholder desires to vote on a proposal will be voted in favor of each director and
proposal presented to the Shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Will my shares be voted if&#160;I do not sign
and return my proxy card?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If you do not sign and return
your proxy card, your shares will not be voted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How many votes are required to elect the Director
Nominees as directors of the Company?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The election of directors is
based on a plurality of the votes represented at the Meeting or by proxy and entitled to vote in the election of directors at the Meeting.
Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the election of directors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How many votes are required to ratify S&amp;E
as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for year ending December&#160;31, 2025?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The proposal to ratify the
appointment of S&amp;E to serve as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2025 shall be approved if the votes cast favoring
the Proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the Proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How many votes are required to approve the
Land Proposal?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Land Proposal shall be
approved if the votes cast favoring the Land Proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the Land Proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>How many votes are required to approve the
Plan Proposal?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Plan Proposal shall be
approved if the votes cast favoring the Plan Proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the Plan Proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Is my vote kept confidential?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Proxies, ballots and voting
tabulations identifying Shareholders are kept confidential and will not be disclosed, except as may be necessary to meet legal requirements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Where do&#160;I find the voting results of
this Meeting?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We will announce voting results
at this Meeting and also file a Current Report on Form&#160;8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<b>SEC</b>&#8221;)
reporting the voting results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Who can help answer my questions?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">You can contact Yvonne Chen
at info@ambrivis.com or by sending a letter to the offices of the Company at 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538 with
any questions about proposals described in this proxy statement or how to execute your vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>WHERE CAN&#160;I GET A COPY OF THE PROXY MATERIALS?</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Copies of our Periodic Reports, including consolidated financial statements
as of and for the year ended December&#160;31, 2024, the proxy card, the Notice, and this Proxy Statement are available on our Company&#8217;s
website at <i>http://www.abvcpharma.com</i>. The contents of that website are not a part of this Proxy Statement. If you want to receive
a paper or email copy of the Company&#8217;s Periodic Reports, you must request one. There is no charge to you for requesting a copy.
Please make your request for a copy by contacting Yvonne Chen at: info@ambrivis.com.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_002"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>THE ANNUAL MEETING</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_003"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>General</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We are furnishing this proxy
statement to you, as a shareholder of ABVC BioPharma, Inc., as part of the solicitation of proxies by our Board for use at the Meeting
to be held on June 3, 2025, and any adjournment or postponement thereof. This proxy statement is first being furnished to Shareholders
on or about May 16, 2025. This proxy statement provides you with information you need to know to be able to vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_004"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Date, Time and Place of the Meeting</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Meeting will be held virtually
on June 3, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. EST, or such other date, time, and place to which the Meeting may be adjourned or postponed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_005"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Purpose of the Meeting</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">At the Meeting, the Company
will ask Shareholders to consider and vote upon the following proposals:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">1.</td><td style="text-align: justify">To re-elect the Current Director Nominees to serve on the
Company&#8217;s Board of Directors until the next annual shareholders meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified;</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">2.</td><td style="text-align: justify">To ratify the selection of S&amp;E as our independent registered
public accounting firm for year ending December&#160;31, 2025;</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A proposal to authorize, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq Listing
Rule&#160;5635(b) and Nasdaq Listing Rule&#160;5635(d), the entry into an agreement to purchase land owned by one of our directors, Shuling
Jiang (&#8220;<b><i>Shuling</i></b>&#8221;) and to purchase such land via the
issuance of shares of our common stock  and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, which constitutes
a related party transaction and which may result in the issuance of an amount of shares of common stock equal to or in excess of 20% of
our common stock outstanding and which Nasdaq may also deem a &#8220;change of control&#8221; transaction (the
&#8220;<b><i>Land Proposal</i></b>&#8221;).</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A proposal to approve an increase in the company&#8217;s Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;<b>Plan</b>&#8221;) up to a maximum of 15% of the number of issued and outstanding shares on the date of the Meeting and permit the automatic increase of such shares available under the Plan, on January 1 of each year, by that number of shares equal to 5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, commencing on January 1, 2026 and ending with the year that the additional number of shares equals 15% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, the previous year&#160;(the &#8220;Increase Proposal&#8221;).&#8221; (the &#8220;<b>Plan Proposal</b>&#8221;).</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">5.</td><td style="text-align: justify">To transact such other business as may properly come before
the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_006"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Record Date and Voting Power</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Our Board fixed the close of business on April 28, 2025, as the record
date for the determination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to notice of, and to vote on, the matters presented at this
Meeting. As of the Record Date, there were 16,153,055 shares of Common Stock outstanding. Each share of Common Stock entitles the holder
thereof to one vote. Accordingly, a total of 16,153,055 votes may be cast at this Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_007"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Quorum and Required Vote</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">A quorum of Shareholders is
necessary to hold a valid meeting. The presence, <span style="background-color: white">in person, by remote communication, if applicable,
or by proxy duly authorized, </span>of the holders of at least 33.3% of the <span style="background-color: white">votes entitled to be
cast on the matter shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business</span>. Abstentions and broker non-votes&#160;<i>(i.e.&#160;</i>shares
held by brokers on behalf of their customers, which may not be voted on certain matters because the brokers have not received specific
voting instructions from their customers with respect to such matters) will be counted solely for the purpose of determining whether a
quorum is present at the Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Proposal&#160;No. 1 shall be
decided by a plurality of the shares of common stock represented at the Meeting or by proxy and entitled to vote in the election of directors
at the Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the election of directors. Each other proposal will be approved
if the votes cast favoring the proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_008"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Revocability of Proxies</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Any proxy may be revoked by
the shareholder of record giving it at any time before it is voted. A proxy may be revoked by (A)&#160;sending to our Secretary, at ABVC
BioPharma, Inc., 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538, USA, either (i)&#160;a written notice of revocation bearing a date
later than the date of such proxy or (ii)&#160;a subsequent proxy relating to the same shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If the shares are held by the
broker or bank as a nominee or agent, the beneficial owners should follow the instructions provided by their broker or bank.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_009"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Proxy Solicitation Costs</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The cost of preparing, assembling,
printing, and mailing this proxy statement and the accompanying form of proxy, and the cost of soliciting proxies relating to this Meeting,
will be borne by the Company. If any additional solicitation of the holders of our outstanding shares of Common Stock is deemed necessary,
we (through our directors and officers) anticipate making such solicitation directly. The solicitation of proxies by mail may be supplemented
by telephone, telegram and personal solicitation by officers, directors, and other employees of the Company, but no additional compensation
will be paid to such individuals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_010"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>No Right of Appraisal</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Under Nevada law, the Company&#8217;s
stockholders are not entitled to&#160;appraisal&#160;rights in connection with any of the proposals to be acted upon at the Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_011"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Who Can Answer Your Questions about Voting
Your Shares</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">You can contact Yvonne Chen
at info@ambrivis.com or by sending a letter to the offices of the Company at 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538, USA,
with any questions about proposals described in this proxy statement or how to execute your vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_012"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Principal Offices</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The principal executive offices
of our Company are located at 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538. The Company&#8217;s telephone number at such address
is&#160;510-668-0881.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_013"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 1&#160;&#8212;&#160;RE-ELECTION
OF DIRECTORS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The nominees listed below have
been nominated by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and approved by our Board to stand for re-election as directors of
the Company. Unless such authority is withheld, proxies will be voted for the election of the persons named below, each of whom has been
designated as a nominee. If, for any reason, any nominee/director becomes unavailable for election, the proxies will be voted for such
substitute nominee(s)&#160;as the Board may propose.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_014"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Qualifications and Director Nominees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We believe that the collective
skills, experiences, and qualifications of our directors provide our Board with the expertise and experience necessary to advance the
interests of our Shareholders. While the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of our Board does not have any specific, minimum
qualifications that must be met by each of our directors, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee uses a variety of criteria
to evaluate the qualifications and skills necessary for each member of the Board. In addition to the individual attributes of each of
our current directors described below, we believe that our directors should have the highest professional and personal ethics and values,
consistent with our longstanding values and standards. They should have broad experience at the policy-making level in business, exhibit
commitment to enhancing Shareholder value and have sufficient time to carry out their duties and to provide insight and practical wisdom
based on their past experience.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Director Nominees recommended
by the Board are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 64%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Title</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board and Chief Business Officer (&#8220;CBO&#8221;)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Tsang Ming Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">64</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">54</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director<sup>(2)</sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director<sup>(1)</sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Tsung-Shann (T.S.) Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Strategy Officer (&#8220;CSTRO&#8221;), Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;) and Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Chang-Jen Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director<sup>(1)(2)(3)</sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director<sup>(3)</sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director<sup>(1)(2)(3)</sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min (Francis) Chung</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">(1)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Member of Audit Committee</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">(2)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Member of Compensation Committee</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">(3)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Member of Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_015"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Information Regarding the Company&#8217;s Directors
and the Nominees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Eugene Jiang </b>served as our CEO and President
from the Company&#8217;s inception in July 2015 until he resigned on September 15, 2017. He remains the Chairman of the Board. He also
serves as our CBO since September 2019 and serves as the CBO of BioKey, Inc. Since March 13, 2025, Eugene Jiang was appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s
Chief Financial Officer. Since 2019. Mr. Jiang also serves as Director for&#160;BioLite&#160;Incorporation since June 2015 and as Director
for BioFirst Corp. since 2012. He also serves as&#160;CEO for&#160;Genepro&#160;Investment Company since March 2010.&#160;Mr.&#160;Jiang
obtained a PMBA degree from National Taiwan University in 2017 and an EMBA degree from the University of&#160;Texas&#160;in Arrington
in 2010. And in 2009, Mr. Jiang received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in Physical Education from Fu-Jen Catholic University.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. T.S. Jiang</b>, has served as the Company&#8217;s
Chief Strategy Officer since September 2019. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Jiang was also appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer.
Dr. Jiang serves as the CEO of Biokey, Inc. since December 2021, as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2013, &#160;and has been the CEO
and chairman of BioLite, Inc., a subsidiary of BioLite BVI, Inc., since January 2010. Prior to BioLite, Dr. Jiang served as the president
and/or chairman of multiple biotech companies in Taiwan, including PhytoHealth Corporation from 1998 to 2009 and AmCad BioMed Corporation
from 2008 to 2009. In addition, Dr. Jiang is a director on various biotech associations, such as the Taiwan Bio Industry Organization
(Taiwan) from 2006 to 2008 and the Chinese Herbs and Biotech Development Association in Taiwan from 2003 to 2006. Dr. Jiang was an assistant
professor at University of Illinois from 1981 to 1987 and an associate professor at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1987
to 1990 and served as a professor at a few Taiwanese universities during a period from 1990 to 1993, such as National Taiwan University,
National Cheng Kung University and Tunghai University. Dr. Jiang obtained his bachelor degree in Engineering and Chemical Engineering
from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 1976, masters and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in the U.S. in 1981 and Executive Master
of Business Administration (&#8220;EMBA&#8221;) from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 2007. As a successful entrepreneur, Dr. Jiang
has developed and commercialized PG2 Lyo Injection, a new drug to treat cancer related fatigue. From 1998 to 2009, Dr. T. S. Jiang served
as President of Phyto Health Corporation where he led a project team to develop PG2 Injectable. This product was extracted, isolated and
purified from a type of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PG2 Injection was intended for cancer patients who had trouble recovering from severe
fatigue. Dr. Jiang oversaw and managed the R&amp;D department, daily corporate operations and business of Phyto Health Corporation when
he was the President. PG2 Lyo Injection received approval on its NDA from Taiwan Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and later was launched
into the Taiwan market in 2012. We believe that Dr. Jiang provides leadership and technological guidance on our strategic development
and operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang</b>, has served as a director
of BioFirst Corp. since 2017 and as a technical director at Supermicro Computer, Inc. since August 2022. Dr. Jiang served as a technical
director at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan from February 2017 to July 2021. Prior to joining the Industrial Technology
Research Institute as a technical director, Dr. Jiang worked at the Company as chief information officer from November 2016 to January
2017, Ericsson as engineering manager from 2013 to 2016 and the Industrial Technology Research Institute as deputy director from October
2011 to February 2013. In addition, Dr. Jiang worked at several other research institutes, including University of Alaska Fairbanks, National
Taiwan University and Chung Cheng University, with his research interest in cloud computing and Internet security, especially in the areas
of virtualization, software-defined data centers, SDN enabled networks and big data analytics. Dr. Jiang received his Bachelor of Science
in electrical engineering in 1983 and Master of Science in electrical engineering in 1984, both from National Taiwan University, and his
Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1988. Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang is a brother
of Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, who together with his wife collectively owns 80% of Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. which has approximately 69.3%
of ownership interest in the Company through YuanGene Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang</b>, has served as a director
of BioLite Inc. since 2013 and as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2015. Dr. Jiang has been a pediatrician at the department of pediatrics
of Eugene Women and Children Clinic since 2016. Previously, Dr. Chang-Jen worked as an attending doctor at the department of pediatrics
of Keelung Hospital, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan from 1994 to 2009. Before his position at Keelung Hospital, he was a
chief doctor at the department of pediatrics, hematology and oncology of Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan for three years until 1994.
Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang obtained his doctor of medicine degree (the Taiwanese equivalent degree of MD) from Taipei Medical University in Taiwan
in 1982 and started his career in Mackay Memorial Hospital. We believe that the Company will benefit from Dr. Jiang&#8217;s knowledge
in biology and experiences in medical practice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Norimi Sakamoto</b>, currently serves a director
at Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. from June 2016. Ms. Sakamoto served as the chief executive officer of MyLife Co., Ltd. from June 2013
to March 2020. Ms. Sakamoto started her career in 1997 from Sumitomo Corporation Hokkaido Co., Ltd. in Japan. Ms. Sakamoto received her
Bachelor Degree of Arts in travel and tourism from Davis and Elkins College in 1993 and Master of Science in urban studies from the University
of New Orleans in 1995.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yen-Hsin Chou</b>, has served as a financial
specialist at Mega Bank since 2011. Ms. Chou&#8217;s responsibilities primarily include customer services and financial consultations.
Ms. Chou received a Bachelor Degree in finance and economics from Yuan Ze University School of Economics in 2010.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Hsin-Hui Miao</b>, served as counter manager
at Yueh Shan Chi Cram School from August 2021 to May 2022. From August 1988 to July 2021, Ms. Miao was a kindergarten teacher and also
severed as the leader of general affairs team at the affiliated high school of Tunghai University, Kindergarten Division. Ms. Miao received
her Bachelor Degree of Education from Taichung University of Education in 1998.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yoshinobu Odaira</b>, is an entrepreneur and
has founded a number of Japanese agricultural companies, including Yukiguni Maitake, our licensing partner. In 1983, Mr. Odaira established
Yukiguni Maitake, which became a public company in Japan in 1994. In 2015, Bain Capital Private Equity purchased Yukiguni Maitake through
a tender offer. In addition to his success with Yukiguni Maitake, Mr. Odaira served as the CEO of Yukiguni Shoji Co., Ltd. since 1988,
as the CEO of Odaira Shoji Co., Ltd. from 1989 and as a director of Shogun Maitake Japan Co., Ltd. since June 1989.&#160; In 2015, Mr.
Odaira founded two new companies, Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. in Canada and Odaira Kinoko Research Co., Ltd. in Japan. Mr. Odaira
has served as the CEO and director of Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. since June 2016. Mr. Odaira served as a director of BioLite Inc.
from February 2019 to April 2019. Yoshinobu Odaira graduated from the Ikazawa Junior High School in 1963. We believe that we will benefit
from Mr. Odaira&#8217;s successful business experience.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Che-Wei Hsu</b>, is currently employed as a
clerk by Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. since August 2016; previously she was a teacher in a Junior High School. Ms. Hsu received a Bachelor
Degree from Tunghai University School of Chinese Literature in 2004.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Shuling Jiang</b>, has served as a director
for various companies, including BioLite, Inc. and BioFirst Corp, since 2017 and started to serve as Managing Director for Biokey, Inc.
in 2022. Ms. Jiang received a Bachelor Degree from National Taiwan Normal University School of Music in 1978 and a Master Degree from
Northwestern University School of Music in 1983.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;<b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yu-Min (Francis) Chung</b>, was a Partner at
Maxpro Ventures, an investment firm in Taiwan focused on breakthrough biomedical technology companies, from July 2018 to May 2022. Prior
to that, he served as Vice President at TaiAn Technology, which is a biotechnology service company and a management company for biotechnology
venture capital funds in Taiwan, from June 2016 to June 2018. Mr. Chung received his Bachelor&#8217;s Degree of Science in Chemistry from
National Taiwan University in 1987, Master&#8217;s Degree in Business Administration from National Taiwan University in 2006, and Ph.D.
in Pharmacy from University of Iowa in 1995.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_016"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Vote Required</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The director nominees shall
be elected by a plurality of the total votes properly cast electronically or by proxy at the Meeting by the holders of common stock vote
&#8220;FOR&#8221; the proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the result of the vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_017"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Recommendation of the Board</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>The Board unanimously
recommends that you vote all of your shares &#8220;FOR&#8221; the election to the Board of all of the nominees described in this Proposal&#160;No.
1.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Executive Officers</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On March 5, 2025, Leeds Chow
notified the Company of his resignation as CFO. While the Company is looking for a full-time Chief Financial Officer to fill the vacancy
created by Leeds Chow&#8217;s resignation, the Company&#8217;s CEO, Uttam Patil will serve as the interim Chief Financial Officer of the
Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets forth
as of the date of this report, the name, age, and position of each executive officer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
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    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 64%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Title</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Tsung-Shann (T.S.) Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Strategy Officer (&#8220;CSTRO&#8221;), Chief
    Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;) and Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">39</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (&#8220;CEO&#8221;), Interim Chief Financial Officer (&#8220;CFO&#8221;)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Set forth below is certain
biographical information regarding each of our officers, that is not also a director, as of the date hereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Uttam Patil, CEO,</b> was appointed as
the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer on June 21, 2023; he now serves as interim CFO too. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Patil was also
appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO. Dr. Patil has served as the Chief Operating and Scientific Officer of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary,
BioKey, Inc. since May 2023; he also works for Rgene Corporation (a related party), as the R&amp;D Manager since May 2023, after being
promoted from Project Manager, to which he serves from August 2022 to May 2023. Prior to that, Dr. Patil was a Post-Doctoral Research
Fellow at NTNU from March 2020 to July 2022. In 2019, Dr. Patil received the &#8220;Platinum Award&#8221; for an Oral Presentation on
the topic, &#8220;Nucleobase Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybridization with Single-Stranded DNA&#8221; at a Workshop
on Organic Chemistry for Junior Chemists held in South Korea. Dr. Patil received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from National Tsing Hua University
and a Masters in Analytical Chemistry from Pune University, as well as a Bachelors in industrial chemistry from Pune University.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_018"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Corporate Governance</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Director Independence</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The NASDAQ Rules require that a majority of the
Board be independent. The Board consists of 11 directors, of which nine are non-management directors. Each year the Board reviews the
materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company, either directly or indirectly. No member of the Board
has any relationship or arrangement that would require disclosure under Item&#160;404&#160;of&#160;Regulation S-K. For additional information
see &#8220;Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions&#8221; in this report. Based on this review, the Board has determined
that the following current directors are &#8220;independent directors&#8221; as defined by the NASDAQ Rules: Messrs. Odaira and Chung
and Mses. Sakamoto, Chou and Miao.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Each director who is a member of the Audit and Finance Committee, Compensation
Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is an independent director.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Family Relationships</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">There are no family relationships among the executive
officers and directors of the Company, except that Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang and Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang are brothers, Mr.
Eugene Jiang is Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s son, and the marital relationship between Yoshinobu Odaira and Norimi Sakamoto.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Committees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><i>Audit Committee</i>. The Audit Committee of
the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Chou, Yen-Hsin (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions of the
Audit Committee include the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing and approving the planned scope,
proposed fee arrangements and results of the Company&#8217;s annual audit, reviewing the adequacy of the Company&#8217;s accounting and
financial controls and reviewing the independence of the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm. The Board has
determined that Ms. Chou, Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ
Stock Market. The Board of Directors has also determined Ms. Chou is an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221; within the applicable
definition of the SEC. The Audit Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available
on our website at www.abvcpharma.com. Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any
part of this reports. We have included the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><i>Compensation Committee</i>. The Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Norimi Sakamoto (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions
of the Compensation Committee include the approval of the compensation offered to our executive officers and recommending to the full
Board of Directors the compensation to be offered to our directors, including our Chairman. The Board has determined that Ms. Sakamoto,
Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. In addition,
the members of the Compensation Committee qualify as &#8220;non-employee directors&#8221; for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange
Act and as &#8220;outside directors&#8221; for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Compensation
Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available on our website at www.abvcpharma.com.
Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any part of this report. We have included
the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><i>Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee</i>.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors consists of Mr. Yoshinobu Odaira (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui,
and Ms.&#160;Hsu, Che-Wei, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq&#8217;s listing standards. The corporate governance and
nominating committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The corporate
governance and nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are
specified in the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">should have demonstrated notable
or significant achievements in business, education or public service;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">should possess the requisite
intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse
perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">should have the highest ethical
standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of the shareholders.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The corporate governance and nominating committee
will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism
in evaluating a person&#8217;s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills
or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider
the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The board of directors will also
consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to
stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders
that wish to nominate a director for election to the Board should follow the procedures set forth in our bylaws. The nominating committee
does not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk
Oversight</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We have two separate individuals serving as our
CEO and Chairman. Our Board of Directors, or the Board, is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on behalf
of our company. The Board receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel, and others, as considered appropriate
regarding our company&#8217;s assessment of risks. In addition, the Board focuses on the most significant risks facing our company and
our company&#8217;s general risk management strategy, and also ensures that risks undertaken by our company are consistent with the board&#8217;s
appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company&#8217;s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management
processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and
that our board leadership structure supports this approach.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following tables set forth, for each of the
last two completed fiscal years of us, the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to any person who was a principal executive
officer during the preceding fiscal year and every other highest compensated executive officers earning more than $100,000 during the
last fiscal year (together, the &#8220;Named Executive Officers&#8221;). The tables set forth below reflect the compensation of the Named
Executive Officers.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Summary Compensation</b>&#160;<b>Table</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Year</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Salary<br/>
($)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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($)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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Awards<br/> ($)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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Awards<br/>
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Incentive Plan<br/>
Compensation<br/>
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Value&#160;and<br/>
Nonqualified<br/>
Deferred<br/>
Compensation<br/>
Earnings<br/>
($)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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Compensation<br/>
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($)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">90,556</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Doong was appointed as
the CEO on September 15, 2017. Dr. Doong later resigned from his position as the Company&#8217;s CEO on June 21, 2023. The Company&#8217;s
board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the Company&#8217;s CEO.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Mr. Chow was appointed as the
CFO on September 4, 2022 and resigned on March 5, 2025.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Jiang was appointed as the CSTRO on September 1, 2019. Dr. Jiang was also appointed as the Company&#8217;s CSO on June 15, 2023, to replace
Dr. King, who resigned from his position as CSO.</span> </td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">(4)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Dr. King was appointed as the CSO on September 15, 2017.
Dr. King later resigned from his position as the Company&#8217;s CSO on June 15, 2023. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed
Dr. Jiang to replace Dr. King as the Company&#8217;s CSO.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Eugene
Jiang was appointed as CBO on September 1, 2019.</span> &#160; </td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Mr. An resigned from his positions
as the Company&#8217;s CFO on September 4, 2022.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Other than set out below, there are no arrangements
or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive
officers may receive share options at the discretion of our board of directors in the future. We do not have any material bonus or profit
sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that share
options may be granted at the discretion of our board of directors.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Stock Option Plan</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Our board approved and adopted the Amended and
Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan on September 12, 2020 (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;), a copy of which is attached hereto as exhibit 10.17.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Grants of Plan-Based Awards</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On April 16, 2022, the Company entered into stock
option agreements with 5 directors, pursuant to which the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 76,190 shares (post-split)
of common stock under the Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $30.0 per share (post-split). The options were vested at the grant
date and become exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">As of the Record Date, we have granted options under the Plan that
can be exercised for an aggregate of 258,710 shares of Common Stock.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table summarizes outstanding unexercised
options, unvested stocks and equity incentive plan awards held by each of our named executive officers, as of December 31, 2024:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL&#160;YEAR-END</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="21" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">OPTION
    AWARDS*</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="13" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">STOCK
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Name</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Exercise<br/> Prices<br/> ($)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number&#160;of<br/>
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    Been<br/> Issued<br/> ($)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 31.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Howard&#160;Doong</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">40,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Oct
                                            15, 2032</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            16, 2033</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Chihliang An</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">952</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Nov
                                            20, 2031</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,333</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Oct
                                            15, 2032</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Apr
                                            16, 2033</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Nov
                                            20, 2031</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Oct
                                            15, 2032</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            16, 2033</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Richard&#160;Chi-Hsin&#160;King</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,429</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Nov
                                            20, 2031</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">31,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Oct
                                            15, 2032</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Apr
                                            16, 2033</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,219</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Nov
                                            20, 2031</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Oct
                                            15, 2032</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">All number of options and exercise
prices are adjusted for 1:10 reverse stock split in 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Compensation of Directors</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We did not pay stock options to directors in fiscal year 2024.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">There are no arrangements or plans in which we
provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit sharing plans
pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that stock options may
be granted at the discretion of the board of directors or a committee thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Employment Contracts</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Dr. Uttam Patil has entered into an employment
agreement (&#8220;Patil Employment Agreement&#8221;) with the Company on June 23, 2023, pursuant to which he shall receive the initial
base salary by stock options in accordance with Company&#8217;s standard payroll practice. As of the date of this prospectus, Dr. Patil
has yet to receive any stock options.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On September 4, 2022, the Board appointed Mr.
Leeds Chow as the Company&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer (&#8220;CFO&#8221;) and Principal Accounting Officer effective from September
4, 2022 for a term of 3 years. On March 5, 2025, Mr. Chow resigned as CFO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We maintain an employment agreement with Dr. Chi-Hsin
Richard King (&#8220;King Employment Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which he shall receive an annual base salary of $50,000. As of December
31, 2017, we paid Mr. King 10,416 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a per share price of $1.60 as opposed to cash compensation.
Under King Employment Agreement, Dr. King is employed as the CSO of the Company. We may terminate the employment for cause, at any time,
without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly
negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case, the executive officer
will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and the executive officer&#8217;s
right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate an executive officer&#8217;s
employment without cause upon one-month advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are required to provide compensation
to the executive officer, including severance pay equal to 12 months of base salary. The executive officer may terminate the employment
at any time with a one-month advance written notice if there is any significant change in the executive officer&#8217;s duties and responsibilities
or a material reduction in the executive officer&#8217;s annual salary. In such case, the executive officer will be entitled to receive
compensation equivalent to 12 months of the executive officer&#8217;s base salary. On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, unanimously reelected Dr. Richard King as the Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;), which became effective on
September 1, 2019 for a term of three years.&#160;&#160;&#160;On June 13, 2023, Dr. Richard King resigned from his position as the CSO
after being related in 2022. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Jiang to replace Dr. Richard King as the CSO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, except Eugene Jiang, appointed Mr. Eugene Jiang, the current Chairman of the Board, as the Chief Business Officer, effective
since September 1, 2019 for a term of three years.&#160; Mr. Eugene Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment
as the Chief Business Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Mr. Jiang was reelcted in 2022 and he contract was renewed for
another three years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, except Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, reelected Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang as the Chief Strategy Officer, effective since September
1, 2019 for a term of three years. Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment as the Chief Strategy
Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Dr. Jiang was reelected in 2022 and the contract was renewed for another three years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c1" continuedAt="_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock-c1_cont_1" escape="true" name="ecd:ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" id="ixv-5036"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Disclosure of Registrant&#8217;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation</p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock-c1_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In response to Item 402(w) of Regulation S-K,
there was no time during or after the last completed fiscal year that the Company was required to either prepare an accounting restatement
that required recovery of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company&#8217;s compensation recovery policy, or had an outstanding
balance as of the end of the last completed fiscal year of erroneously awarded compensation to be recovered from the application of the
policy to a prior restatement.</p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="ecd:AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" id="ixv-5046"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2024 POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO THE GRANT OF CERTAIN EQUITY
AWARDS</p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="ecd:AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" id="ixv-41775">In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K,
the Company does not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business
days before or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI).</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="ecd:AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" id="ixv-41776">Accordingly,
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information</ix:nonNumeric> by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.</ix:nonNumeric></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_019"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>SECURITY OWENERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Beneficial Owners</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets forth
certain information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of&#160;April 28, 2025 (i)&#160;each person (or group of affiliated
persons) who is known by us to own more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (ii)&#160;each director,
executive officer and director nominee, and (iii)&#160;all of our directors, executive officers and director nominees as a group.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Beneficial ownership is determined
in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table,
a person or group of persons is deemed to have &#8220;beneficial ownership&#8221;&#160;of any shares of common stock that such person
has the right to acquire within 60&#160;days of the date of the respective table. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding
shares of our common stock held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to
acquire within 60&#160;days of the date of the respective table is deemed to be outstanding for such person, but is not deemed to be outstanding
for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned
does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Unless otherwise noted, the
business address of each beneficial owner listed is&#160;44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538. Except as otherwise indicated,
the persons listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to
the extent that power may be shared with a spouse.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">As of&#160;April 28, 2025, we had&#160;16,153,055 shares of common
stock issued and outstanding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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Nature of <br/>
Beneficial&#160;<br/>
Ownership</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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Class</b></span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Tsang-Ming Jiang</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,489&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang(4)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,665,015&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min Chung</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,387&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,762,139&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17.10</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YuanGene Corporation(5)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">829,699&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.14</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">less than 1%.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Eugene Jiang held 131,159 shares through direct ownership.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">(2)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang held 167,599 shares of common stock
through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation, 722 shares through Rgene Corporation, 608 shares through BioFirst, 13,630 shares through
Lion Arts, and the rest of 361,030 shares through direct ownership.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">(3)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang held 158 shares of common stock in the
Company through his ownership in BioFirst, 1 share through Rgene, and the rest of 41,847 shares through direct ownership.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">(4)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Ms. Shuling Jiang held 662,100 shares of common stock through
his ownership in YuanGene Corporation, 964 shares through Rgene Corporation, 8,833 shares through BioFirst, 112 shares through BioLite,
48,761 shares through Liongene, 21,313 shares through Keypoint, 1,012 shares through Genepro, 53,845 shares through Lion Arts, and the
rest of 868,075 shares through direct ownership.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">(5)</td><td style="text-align: justify">YuanGene Corporation is a company wholly-owned by Lion Arts,
which is owned by Shu-Ling Chiang (80%) and Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (20%); however, YuanGene appointed Eugene Jiang to have sole voting
control over the shares held by YuanGene, the principal office address of which is 2<sup>nd&#160;</sup>floor, Building B, SNPF Plaza,
Savalalo, Apia, Samoa.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_020"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS,
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Except as disclosed herein, no director, executive
officer, shareholder holding at least 5% of shares of our common stock, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct
or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction since January 1, 2022, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeds
the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year-end for the last two completed fiscal years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Since March 13, 2025, the following officers and
directors of the Company were appointed to the following positions at AiBtl: Eugene Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer, Uttam
Patil as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO and T.S. Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with
Rgene Corporation</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. BioKey, Inc. entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service Agreement&#8221;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;). The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration
date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice.
Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with
each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Real Estate Purchase</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On February 6, 2024, the Company
entered into a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership
of certain land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Shuling Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;).
Shuling is a director of the Company and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders
to terminate the Agreement and not proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company has reconsidered this transaction, and it
is the agreement at issue in the Land Proposal. The shares originally issued were returned and the warrants were not issued. Proposal
4 relates to the renegotiation of the agreement related to the Shuling Land.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other related party transactions</span></b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Due from related parties:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td>
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    convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use
    of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
    at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
    of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
    the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
    Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the
    breach is provided.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023,
    the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $53,422 and $38,819, respectively.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">Since the Company entered the convertible loan
agreement with Rgene, has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for
the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the
financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns
37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 19,348,360 (approximately $588,342) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087), respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td>
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    agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract
    executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021, with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but
    on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On
    July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement
    with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022, with
    an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount
    of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan
    agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter
    of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost
    for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due
    from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated
    research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia)
    deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company
    stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties are
subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market conditions,
macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December 31, 2024, the
Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except those
being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any significant
indicators of potential default.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Due to related parties:&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $961, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Promoters and Certain Control Persons</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">None of our management or other control persons
were &#8220;promoters&#8221; (within the meaning of Rule&#160;405 under the Securities Act), and none of such persons took the initiative
in the formation of our business or received any of our debt or equity securities or any of the proceeds from the sale of such securities
in exchange for the contribution of property or services, during the last five years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_021"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 2&#160;&#8212;&#160;RATIFICATION
OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Audit Committee has selected Simon &amp;Edward, LLP (&#8220;S&amp;E&#8221;)
to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the fiscal year ending December&#160;31, 2025. S&amp;E
performed the audit of our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, included in our 2024 Annual Report. Since
we do not anticipate holding another meeting during fiscal 2025 and to avoid the expense of holding another meeting in fiscal 2025, we
are requesting shareholders to ratify the selection of S&amp;E as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending
December 31, 2025, now. We expect the 2025 fees and services of S&amp;E to remain in line with past fees and services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We are asking our Shareholders
to ratify the selection of S&amp;E as our independent registered public accounting firm. In the event our Shareholders fail to ratify
the appointment, the Audit Committee may reconsider this appointment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We have been advised by S&amp;E
that neither the firm nor any of its associates had any relationship during the last fiscal year, with our company other than the usual
relationship that exists between independent registered public accountant firms and their clients.&#160;A representative of S&amp;E is
expected to attend the Meeting virtually and therefore is expected to be available to respond to any questions.&#160;&#160;</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_022"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Principal Accountant Fees and Services</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Various audit, audit related
and non-audit services to us is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">179,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25"/><td style="width: 0.2475in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">The Audit Fee in 2024 includes the reaudit of our 2023 financial
statements</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Audit Fees. Audit Fees consists
of fees for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for the contemporaneous audit of our annual financial statements
and the review of quarterly financial statements or services that are normally provided by our principal accountants in connection with
statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Audit Related Fees. Audit Related
Fees consists of fees for assurance and related services by our principal accountants that are reasonably related to the performance of
the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under &#8220;Audit Fees.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Tax Fees and All Other Fees.
Tax Fees and All Other Fees Consists of fees for products and services provided by our principal accountants, other than the services
reported under &#8220;Audit Fees,&#8221; &#8220;Audit-Related Fees&#8221; and &#8220;Tax Fees&#8221; above.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The policy of our audit committee
and our board of directors is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by our principal auditors, including audit services,
audit-related services, and other services as described above, other than those for de minimis services which are approved by the audit
committee or our board of directors prior to the completion of the services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_023"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Policies and Procedures Relating to Approval
of Services by Our Independent Registered Public Accountants</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Audit Committee is solely
responsible for the approval in advance of all audit and permitted non-audit services to be provided by our independent registered public
accounting firms (including the fees and other terms thereof), subject to the&#160;<i>de minimus&#160;</i>exceptions for non-audit services
provided by Section&#160;10A(i)(1)(B)&#160;of the Exchange&#160;Act, which services are subsequently approved by the Audit Committee prior
to the completion of the audit. None of the fees listed above are for services rendered pursuant to such&#160;<i>de minimus</i>&#160;exceptions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Audit Committee of our
Board of Directors has established its pre-approval&#160;policies&#160;and procedures, pursuant to which the Audit Committee approved
the foregoing audit, tax and non-audit services provided by S&amp;E in 2024 and will do so for the audit for the fiscal year ending December
31, 2025. Consistent with the Audit Committee&#8217;s responsibility for engaging our independent auditors, all audit and permitted non-audit
services require pre-approval by the Audit Committee. The full Audit Committee approves proposed services and fee estimates for these
services. One or more independent directors serving on the Audit Committee may be delegated by the full Audit Committee to pre-approve
any audit and non-audit services. Any such delegation shall be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. Pursuant
to these procedures, the Audit Committee approved the foregoing audit services provided by S&amp;E.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Changes in Registrant&#8217;s Certifying Accountant</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On
October 10, 2024, WWC, P.C.&#160;<span style="background-color: white">(&#8220;WWC&#8221;),&#160;who was </span>serving as the Company&#8217;s
independent registered public accounting firm, agreed not to renew its engagement with the Company. WWC&#8217;s voluntary decision not
to renew the engagement was approved and acknowledged by the Board on October 17, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The review service of&#160;<span style="background-color: white">WWC</span>&#160;on
the financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2024, and the audit report for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022,
did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting
principles, other than an explanatory paragraph regarding the substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going
concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">During the fiscal years
ended December 31, 2022, and 2023, and the subsequent interim period through June 30, 2024, there were no disagreements with WWC on
any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which
disagreement(s), if not resolved to the satisfaction of&#160;WWC, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of
the disagreement(s) in connection with its report. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, and 2023, and the subsequent
interim period through June 30, 2024, there were no reportable events of the type described in&#160;Item 304(a)(1)(v)
of&#160;Regulation S-K of which WWC informed us. However, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2024, during the audit of our December 31, 2024 financial statements and after discussions with S&amp;E, we concluded
that the financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the respective periods should no longer be relied upon due to errors in those financial statements and included a
restatement of such periods in the 2024 Annual Report. On October 17, 2024, the Board approved the engagement of&#160;S&amp;E as the
Company&#8217;s new independent registered public accounting firm.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">During
the Company&#8217;s two most recent fiscal years and the subsequent interim period through June 30, 2024, neither the Company nor anyone
on its behalf consulted with S&amp;E regarding (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed
or proposed; the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company&#8217;s financial statements, and neither a written report
nor oral advice was provided that S&amp;E concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the
accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement (as defined in&#160;Item
304(a)(1)(iv) of&#160;Regulation S-K&#160;and its related instructions) or a reportable event (as described in&#160;Item 304(a)(1)(v)
of&#160;Regulation S-K).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_024"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Vote Required</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Proposal&#160;No. 2 will be
approved if the votes case favoring the proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have
no effect on the result of the vote.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_025"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Recommendation of the Board</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>The Board unanimously
recommends that you vote all of your shares &#8220;FOR&#8221; the ratification of S&amp;E as independent registered public accountants
as described in this Proposal&#160;No. 2.</i></b></p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>



</div><div><a id="k_026"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 3 &#8212;&#160;TO
AUTHORIZE, FOR PURPOSES OF COMPLYING WITH NASDAQ LISTING RULE 5635(b) AND NASDAQ LISTING RULE&#160;5635(d), (D), THE ISSUANCE OF SHARES
OF OUR COMMON STOCK TO PURCHASE CERTAIN LAND FROM A RELATED PARTY, THE AMOUNT OF WHICH MAY BE EQUAL TO OR IN EXCESS OF 20% OF OUR COMMON
STOCK OUTSTANDING IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE OF SUCH SHARES AND WHICH NASDAQ MAY DEEM A &#8220;CHANGE OF CONTROL&#8221; (THE &#8220;<i>LAND
PROPOSAL</i>&#8221;)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_027"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Purpose</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Real Estate Transaction</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On February 8, 2024, the Company
filed a current report on Form 8-K to disclose that on February 6, 2024 (the &#8220;<b>2024 Agreement</b>&#8221;), it entered into a definitive
agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;<b>Jiang</b>&#8221;), pursuant to which Jiang would transfer the ownership of certain land she owns
located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;<b>Land</b>&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;<b>Shuling Transaction</b>&#8221;). Jiang is
a director of the Company, and as of the Record Date, owns approximately 10.6% of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding shares of
common stock. Accordingly, the transaction contemplated by the Agreement constitutes a related party transaction as defined by Item&#160;404&#160;of&#160;Regulation
S-K. As previously disclosed, under the 2024 Agreement, consideration for the Land was set to be a combination of shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock and warrants to purchase shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock. After entering into the 2024 Agreement, NASDAQ informed
the Company that they need shareholder approval to issue the shares and warrants, under Nasdaq Listing Rule&#160;5635(d). After informing
Shuling about the need for shareholder approval, Shuling agreed to return the shares to the Company until such time that shareholder approval
is obtained; the warrants were never issued. On April 24, 2024, the Board unanimously approved, via written consent to cancel the shares
issued to Jiang and hold a special meeting of its shareholders to approve the issuance of the shares and warrants. However, the Company
then determined it was in the Company&#8217;s best interest to renegotiate the terms of the Shuling Transaction and therefore terminated
the 2024 Agreement and did not hold the meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Company and Shuling are renegotiating
the terms of the Shuling Transaction, but as in the 2024 Agreement, the Company will purchase the land through the issuance of shares
of our common stock (the &#8220;<b>Jiang Shares</b>&#8221;) and warrants to purchase shares of common stock (&#8220;<b>Warrants</b>&#8221;).
The number of Jiang Shares will be tied to the value of the Land, which the parties agree is between $3,000,000 and $4,000,000, inclusive
of all necessary acquisition-related costs and before deducting a liability in the current amount of approximately $500,000 (the &#8220;<b>Land
Value</b>&#8221;). The final Land Value (&#8220;<b>Final Land Value</b>&#8221;) will be determined on the first business day immediately
following the date the shareholders approve this Proposal 3 (such date is referred to as the &#8220;<b>Valuation Date</b>&#8221;). The
final amount of Jiang Shares to be issued will be equal to the quotient of the Final Land Value divided by <span>(i)</span>
the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) immediately preceding the Valuation Date; or (ii)&#160;the average Nasdaq
Official Closing Price of the Common Stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five&#160;trading days starting with and immediately preceding
the Valuation Date<span>, whichever is greater</span>. Since the number of Jiang Shares is
uncertain, it is possible that it will result in the issuance of an amount of shares of common stock equal to or in excess of 20% of our
common stock outstanding on the Valuation Date at a price that is less than the Minimum Price (as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">
</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The parties have agreed to
include an exchange cap in the final agreement, such that unless and until we receive shareholder approval of this Proposal 3, the total
cumulative number of shares of Common Stock issuable to Shuling, including pursuant to exercise of the Warrant, may not exceed 19.99%
of the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the Valuation Date, pursuant to the requirements of Rule 5635(d) of
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the &#8220;<b>Exchange Cap</b>&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Warrant will be exercisable,
at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, until sixty (60) months from the date the Warrant is issued or the earlier closing
of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Warrant). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such
holder&#8217;s Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise
(the &#8220;<b>Maximum Percentage</b>&#160;&#8221;), except that if at any time the Holder Group (as defined in the Warrant) beneficially
owns in excess of 4.99% of any class of equity interests in the Company that is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1034,
as amended (excluding any interests deemed beneficially owned by virtue of the Warrant), then the Maximum Percentage shall automatically
increase to 9.99% so long as the Holder Group owns in excess of 4.99% of such class of equity interests (and shall, for the avoidance
of doubt, automatically decrease to 4.99% upon the Holder Group ceasing to own in excess of 4.99% of such class of equity interests)
(the &#8220;<b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</span></b>&#8221;). We anticipate that the exercise price of the Warrants will be above
the Minimum Price, as hereinafter defined.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">Nasdaq
                                            Listing Rule&#160;5635(d)&#160;requires us to obtain stockholder approval prior to a transaction,
                                            other than a public offering, involving the sale, issuance or potential issuance by the Company
                                            of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock), which equals
                                            20% or more of the Common Stock or 20% or more of the voting power outstanding immediately
                                            prior to the issuance&#160;(the &#8220;<b>Nasdaq Cap</b>&#8221;)&#160;at a price that is
                                            less than the lower of (the &#8220;<b>Minimum Price</b>&#8221;): (i)&#160;the Nasdaq Official
                                            Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) immediately preceding the signing of the binding
                                            agreement in connection with such transaction; or (ii)&#160;the average Nasdaq Official Closing
                                            Price of the Common Stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five&#160;trading days immediately
                                            preceding the signing of such binding agreement.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Under the Nasdaq Listing
Rules, we are not permitted (without risk of delisting) to undertake a transaction that could result in a change in control of us without
seeking and obtaining stockholder approval. Nasdaq has previously indicated that the acquisition of, or right to acquire, by a single
investor or affiliated investor group, as little as 20% of the common stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for common
stock) or voting power of an issuer could constitute a change of control transaction. The parties do not intend for the Shuling Transaction
to result in a change of control of the Company and do not believe it should be deemed to be one. Unless we receive shareholder approval
of this Proposal 3, the Exchange Cap will prevent us from issuing any Shares if such issuance would result in Shuling owning more than
the Nasdaq Cap, which Nasdaq typically associates with a &#8220;change of control&#8221; transaction and the Beneficial Ownership Limitation
will prevent Jiang from exercising any Warrants until such time as her ownership is less than the Maximum Percentage. Following the Shuling
Transaction, there will not be any changes in the Company&#8217;s management or board of directors. Additionally, neither the financial
structure nor business operations of the Company will change following the Shuling Transaction.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Since we are unsure of the
final number of Jiang Shares and Warrants that will be issued, or the exercise price of the Warrants, and since Nasdaq may not agree with
our analysis, we are seeking shareholder approval to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b) and 5635(d).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If we receive shareholder
approval of this Proposal 3, we will be able to issue Shuling an amount of shares that exceeds 20% of our outstanding common stock, even
if Nasdaq deems the transaction a &#8220;change of control&#8221; transaction. If we receive shareholder approval of this Proposal 3,
we will file a Current Report on Form 8-K to report the Final Land Value and the final number of Jiang Shares and Warrants that we will
issue to purchase the Land.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Following the issuance of
the Jiang Shares, there would be an&#160;increase in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, and, as a result, if the Warrant
is also exercised, our current stockholders will own a smaller percentage of our then-outstanding shares of common stock.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Reasons for the Real Estate Transaction</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Company seeks to acquire
the Land to develop&#160;plant factories for its botanical pipeline; to grow the raw materials needed to develop the Company&#8217;s botanical
drugs. The acquisition aims to establish a base for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) fields and an integrated platform for collaboration
between researchers and industry leaders. ABVC&#8217;s long term goal is to use the Land as an integrated platform for the global development
of the Asian healthcare business and the medical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Management of the Company
believes that the Land will add more value to the Company&#8217;s shareholders and facilitates the Company&#8217;s development plans.
They also believe that developing the fields will enable the Company to reduce the cost of raw material purchases.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Following the pandemic, life
sciences-related real estate in Asia has been considered a hot spot, according to https://www.scmp.com/presented/business/topics/apac-life-sciences-opportunities/article/3157871/life-sciences-real.
According to that same article, &#8220;burgeoning demand for pharmaceuticals from a greying population; government policies to support
the industry; a steady flow of mergers and acquisitions; a rising number of listings; and the expansion of R&amp;D capacity&#8221; has
led to a demand for life sciences real estate in Asia Pacific.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The acquisition of real estate
assets is to develop plant factories for ABVC&#8217;s botanical pipeline strategically; ABVC hopes the property will ultimately be used
as an integrated platform for the global development of the Asian healthcare business and the medical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology
industries. ABVC&#8217;s real estate investment raises the shareholders&#8217; equity and facilitates ABVC&#8217;s drug development plan,
and ABVC believes it will help generate revenue in the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If the Company does not obtain
Shareholder Approval at the Meeting, it will continue to call a meeting as often as possible until Shareholder Approval is obtained.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Interests of Certain Persons</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">When you consider our Board&#8217;s
recommendation to vote in favor of this proposal, you should be aware that our directors and executive officers and existing stockholders
may have interests that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of other of our stockholders. This is especially the case
for&#160;Jiang since Jiang is a director of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Potential Consequences if this Proposal is
Not Approved</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Board is not seeking the
approval of our stockholders to authorize our entry into or consummation of the Shuling Transaction. We are only asking for approval to
issue the Shares in an amount greater than the Nasdaq Cap, even if Nasdaq deems the transaction a &#8220;change of control.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The failure of our stockholders to approve this Proposal will mean
that we cannot issue shares that exceed the Nasdaq Cap to Jiang and will have to endure the time and expense associated with holding a
stockholder meeting until stockholder approval is obtained. We will also not be able to realize any proceeds from the exercise of the
Warrants, since Jiang would most likely be unable to exercise them; not receiving such proceeds could adversely impact our ability to fund our operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>No Appraisal Rights</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Appraisal or dissenter rights are statutory rights under the laws of
Nevada that enable stockholders who object to certain extraordinary transactions to demand that the corporation pay such stockholders
the fair value of their shares instead of receiving the consideration offered to stockholders in connection with the extraordinary transaction.
However, appraisal or dissenter rights are not available in all circumstances. Appraisal rights are not available to our stockholders
in connection with the Land Proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_028"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Vote Required</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Proposal&#160;No. 3 will be
approved if the votes case favoring the proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_029"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Recommendation of the Board</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>The Board unanimously
recommends that you vote all of your shares &#8220;FOR&#8221; the Land Proposal as described in this Proposal&#160;No. 3. as described
in this Proposal&#160;No. 3.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_030"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROPOSAL NO. 4 &#8212;&#160;TO APPROVE AN INCREASE
IN THE NUMBER OF SHARES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER THE COMPANY&#8217;S STOCK OPTION PLAN</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_031"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Purpose</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Board is seeking the approval
of our stockholders of an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, which was adopted by our Board of Directors, subject
to stockholder approval (the &#8220;<b>Amendment</b>&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">On February 2015, we adopted
the 2016 Stock Option Plan and amended it on September&#160;12, 2020 and April 16, 2024 (as amended, the &#8220;Plan&#8221;). Pursuant
to the last amendment, the number of shares available for granting awards under the Plan was increased to <span style="background-color: white">1,283,002,
which represented 12.15% of the then-current number of shares issued and outstanding. For the reasons explained below, the Company seeks
to amend the Plan to return to the formula set forth in the original Plan regarding the number of shares available thereunder. Accordingly,
the Amendment seeks to </span>(i) immediately increase the number of shares available under the Plan by that number of shares equal to
15% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the date of the Annual Meeting, and (ii) include a term that
causes the number of shares available under the Plan to automatically increase every January 1, by that number of shares equal to 5% of
the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, commencing with the year 2026 and
ending with the year that the additional number of shares equals 15% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as
of December 31 of the previous year&#160; (the &#8220;<b>Increase Proposal</b>&#8221;).&#160;</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">There are 16,153,055 shares issued and outstanding as of April 28,
2025. We therefore estimate, based on the shares outstanding as of the Record Date, that the Amendment would increase the number of shares
available for issuance under the Plan by an additional 2,422,958 shares, for a total of 2,808,979 shares available for future issuance
under the Plan, until the automatic increase on January 1, 2026.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We believe that operation of
the Plan is a necessary and powerful tool in enabling us to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial
responsibility; to provide additional incentive to key employees, key contractors, and non-employee directors; and to promote the success
of our business. The Plan is expected to provide flexibility to our compensation methods in order to adapt the compensation of such employees,
contractors, and directors to a changing business environment, after giving due consideration to competitive conditions and the impact
of federal tax laws. We have strived to use our Plan resources effectively and to maintain an appropriate balance between stockholder
interests and the ability to recruit and retain valuable employees. However, we believe there is an insufficient number of shares remaining
under our Plan to meet our current and projected needs. Accordingly, it is the judgment of our Board of Directors that the Amendment is
in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. We believe that the Amendment, which increases the number of shares of Common
Stock available for issuance pursuant to awards under the Plan, reflects best practices in our industry and is appropriate to permit the
grant of equity awards at expected levels for the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_048"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><b>Proposed Amendment</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt">The Amendment is set forth
below in italics, with removed language shown with a strike through:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">SECTION 4.&#160;SHARES AVAILABLE
FOR AWARDS</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(a)</td><td style="text-align: justify">SHARES AVAILABLE. Subject to adjustment
as provided in Section&#160;4(b):</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 73pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CALCULATION
    OF NUMBER OF SHARES AVAILABLE. The number of Shares available for granting Awards under the Plan shall be <span style="text-decoration:line-through">1,899,202</span>
    (A)&#160;<i>an additional number of shares equal to 15% of the current outstanding shares, plus (B)&#160;additional Shares as follows: the aggregate number of Shares available
    for granting Awards under the Plan shall automatically increase by a number of Shares equal to 5% of the total number of Shares outstanding
    on the immediately preceding December 31</i></span>, <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>commencing
    with the year 2026 and ending with the year that the additional number of shares equals 15% of the number of shares of common stock
    issued and&#160;outstanding as of December 31, the previous year. </i>Further, if, after the effective date of the Plan, any Shares
    covered by an Award granted under the Plan or to which such an Award or award relates, are forfeited, or if an Award or award otherwise
    terminates without the delivery of Shares or of other consideration, then the Shares covered by such Award or award, or to which
    such Award or award relates, or the number of Shares otherwise counted against the aggregate number of Shares available under the
    Plan with respect to such Award or award, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, shall again be, or shall become, available
    for granting Awards under the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares
    (determined at the time of grant) with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by the Participant
    during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company or Affiliates) exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000, or such other
    limit established in the Code) or otherwise does not comply with the rules governing Incentive Stock Options, the Options or portions
    thereof that exceed such limit (according to the order in which they were granted) or otherwise do not comply with such rules will
    be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options, notwithstanding any contrary provision of the applicable Option Agreement(s).</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 73pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Except for the specific Amendment,
the Plan remains in force and unmodified.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If the Shareholders approve
the Amendment, we will file the full text of the Plan, with the Amendment as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form&#160;8-K that discloses
the results of the Meeting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_032"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Vote Required</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Proposal&#160;No. 4 will be
approved if the votes case favoring the proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_033"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Recommendation of the Board</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><b><i>The Board unanimously
recommends that you vote all of your shares &#8220;FOR&#8221; an increase </i>in the number of shares authorized for issuance under the
Company&#8217;s stock option plan<i>.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_038"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>OTHER MATTERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Our Board knows of no other
matter to be presented at the Meeting. If any additional matter should properly come before the Meeting, it is the intention of the persons
named in the enclosed proxy to vote such proxy in accordance with their judgment on any such matters.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_039"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>OTHER INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Electronic&#160;Delivery Of&#160;Future&#160;Shareholder
Communications</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Registered shareholders can
further save the Company expense by consenting to receive all future proxy statements, forms of proxy and annual reports electronically
via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please access the website <i>www.proxyvote.com</i> when transmitting your
voting instructions and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access shareholder communications electronically in future&#160;years.
Your choice will remain in effect unless and until you revoke it.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">To revoke your decision to
receive or access shareholder communications electronically, access the website <i>www.proxyvote.com</i>, enter your current PIN, select
&#8220;Cancel my Enrollment&#8221; and click on the Submit button. After submitting your entry, the Cancel Enrollment Confirmation screen
will be displayed. This screen will show your current Enrollment Number. To confirm your enrollment cancellation, click on the Submit
button. Otherwise, click on the Back button to return to the Enrollment Maintenance screen. After submitting your entry, the Cancel Enrollment
Complete screen will be displayed. This screen will indicate that your enrollment has been cancelled. You may be asked to complete a brief
survey to help us understand why you opted out of electronic delivery. You will be sent an e-mail message confirming the cancellation
of your enrollment. No further electronic communications will be conducted for your account and your Enrollment Number will be marked
as &#8220;Inactive.&#8221; You may at any time reactivate your enrollment. You will be responsible for any fees or charges that you would
typically pay for access to the Internet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_040"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Deadline for Submission of Shareholder Proposals
for 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">For any proposal to be considered
for inclusion in our proxy statement and form of proxy for submission to the Shareholders at our 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders,
it must be submitted in writing and comply with the requirements of Rule&#160;14a-8 of the Exchange&#160;Act. Such proposals must be received
by the Company at its offices 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA&#160;94538, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, <span style="background-color: white">not
earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later
of (i) the 90th day prior to such annual meeting and (ii) the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such
meeting is first made by the corporation</span>.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If we are not notified of a
Shareholder proposal a reasonable time prior to the time we send our proxy statement for our 2026 annual meeting, then our Board will
have discretionary authority to vote on the Shareholder proposal, even though the Shareholder proposal is not discussed in the proxy statement.
In order to curtail any controversy as to the date on which a Shareholder proposal was received by us, it is suggested that Shareholder
proposals be submitted by certified mail, return receipt requested, and be addressed to ABVC BioPharma, Inc., 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.,
Fremont, CA&#160;94538 Attention: Chief Executive Officer. Notwithstanding, the foregoing shall not effectuate any rights of Shareholders
to request inclusion of proposals in our proxy statement pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-8 under the Exchange&#160;Act nor grant any Shareholder
a right to have any nominee included in our proxy statement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_041"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Proxy Solicitation</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The solicitation of proxies
is made on behalf of the Board and we will bear the cost of soliciting proxies.&#160;Proxies may be solicited through the mail and through
telephonic or telegraphic communications to, or by meetings with, Shareholders or their representatives by our directors, officers and
other employees who will receive no additional compensation therefor. We may also retain a proxy solicitation firm to assist us in obtaining
proxies by mail, facsimile or email from record and beneficial holders of shares for the Meeting. If we retain a proxy solicitation firm,
we expect to pay such firm reasonable and customary compensation for its services, including out-of-pocket expenses.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We request persons such as
brokers, nominees and fiduciaries holding stock in their names for others, or holding stock for others who have the right to give voting
instructions, to forward proxy material to their principals and to request authority for the execution of the proxy.&#160;We will reimburse
such persons for their reasonable expenses.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_042"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Periodic Report </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Periodic Reports are being sent with this Proxy Statement to each
Shareholder and is available at&#160;<i>www.proxyvote.com</i>&#160;as well as on the SEC&#8217;s website at <i>www.sec.gov</i>.&#160;The
2024 Annual Report contains our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2024 and the March 2025 10Q contains
our unaudited financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The Periodic Reports, however, are not to be regarded as part
of the proxy soliciting material.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_043"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Delivery of Proxy Materials to Households</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Only one copy of this proxy statement and one copy of each of our Periodic
Reports are being delivered to multiple registered Shareholders who share an address unless we have received contrary instructions from
one or more of the Shareholders. A separate form of proxy and a separate notice of the Meeting are being included for each account at
the shared address. Registered Shareholders who share an address and would like to receive a separate copy of our Periodic Reports and/or
a separate copy of this proxy statement, or have questions regarding the householding process, may contact the Company&#8217;s transfer
agent: Vstock Transfer, LLC, by calling (212)&#160;828-8436, or by forwarding a written request addressed to Vstock Transfer, LLC, 18
Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY&#160;11598.&#160;Promptly upon request, a separate copy of our Periodic Reports, and/or a separate copy
of this proxy Statement will be sent. By contacting Vstock Transfer, LLC, registered Shareholders sharing an address can also (i)&#160;notify
the Company that the registered Shareholders wish to receive separate annual reports or quarterly reports to Shareholders, proxy statements
and/or Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, as applicable, in the future or (ii)&#160;request delivery of a single copy
of annual reports or quarterly reports to Shareholders and proxy statements in the future if registered Shareholders at the shared address
are receiving multiple copies.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Many brokers, brokerage firms, broker/dealers, banks and other holders
of record have also instituted &#8220;householding&#8221; (delivery of one copy of materials to multiple Shareholders who share an address).
If your family has one or more &#8220;street name&#8221; accounts under which you beneficially own shares of our Common Stock, you may
have received householding information from your broker, brokerage firm, broker/dealer, bank or other nominee in the past. Please contact
the holder of record directly if you have questions, require additional copies of this proxy statement, Periodic Reports or wish to revoke
your decision to household and thereby receive multiple copies. You should also contact the holder of record if you wish to institute
householding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_044"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Where You Can Find Additional Information</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Accompanying this proxy
statement is a copy of the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2024. Such Report constitutes
the Company&#8217;s Annual Report to its Shareholders for purposes of Rule&#160;14a-3 under the Exchange&#160;Act. Such Report includes
the Company&#8217;s audited financial statements for the 2024 fiscal year and certain other financial information, which is incorporated
by reference herein. The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange&#160;Act and in accordance therewith files
reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.&#160;Such reports, proxy statements and other information are available
on the SEC&#8217;s website at&#160;<i>www.sec.gov</i>. Shareholders who have questions in regard to any aspect of the matters discussed
in this proxy statement should contact Yvonne Chen at info@ambrivis.com.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_045"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b>Annex&#160;A</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="k_046"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Form of Proxy Card</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>June 3, 2025</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS<br/>
To Be Held at 10:00&#160;a.m. EST on June 3, 2025<br/>
(Record Date&#160;&#8212;&#160;April 28, 2025)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
OF DIRECTORS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The undersigned hereby appoints Uttam Patil, as
proxy of the undersigned, with full power to appoint his substitute, and hereby authorizes him to represent and to vote all the shares
of stock of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. which the undersigned is entitled to vote, as specified below on this card, at the Annual Meeting of
Shareholders of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. to be held virtually on Zoom on June 3, 2025, at 10:00&#160;a.m. EST, and at any adjournment or postponement
thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To attend the virtual Meeting via Zoom, go to:</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0">https://us05web.zoom.us/j/85770306191?pwd=oWKuW6qWquz5OXMju5KpSUfUqoFTyE.1<br/>
<br/>
Meeting ID: 857 7030 6191<br/>
Passcode: 2JRRrN</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE
VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN BY THE UNDERSIGNED SHAREHOLDER. IF NO DIRECTION IS MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE
VOTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR EACH OF THE PROPOSALS.</b>&#160;This proxy authorizes the above
designated proxy to vote in his discretion on such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournments or postponements
thereof to the extent authorized by Rule&#160;14a-4(c)&#160;promulgated under the Securities Exchange&#160;Act&#160;of&#160;1934, as amended.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT
YOU VOTE &#8220;<b>FOR ALL</b>&#8221;<br/>
OF PROPOSAL&#160;1 AND &#8220;<b>FOR</b>&#8221;&#160;PROPOSALS 2, 3 AND 4.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><br/>
PLEASE SIGN, DATE AND RETURN PROMPTLY, <span style="text-decoration:underline">BEFORE 11:59 P.M.&#160;EST ON JUNE 2, 2025</span>, IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><br/>
PLEASE MARK YOUR VOTE IN BLUE OR BLACK INK</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>PROPOSAL&#160;1: </b>To re-elect the nominees
listed in the Proxy Statement to the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>NOMINEES:</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 90%; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">01 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;T.S.&#160;Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">02 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Tsang Ming Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">03 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">04&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">05 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Chang-Jen Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">06 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">07 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">08 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">09 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min (Francis) Chung</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">11 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 22%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For All</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Withhold All</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For All Except</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annex A-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></span></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><i>INSTRUCTION</i>:</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark <b>&#8220;FOR ALL EXCEPT&#8221; </b>and fill in the box next to each nominee you wish to withhold, as shown here:</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 14%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 32%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>PROPOSAL&#160;2: </b>To ratify the selection
of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for year ending December&#160;31, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 22%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstain</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>PROPOSAL&#160;3: </b>To approve of the issuance of shares of our common stock, including
upon the exercise of warrants as consideration for land owned by a related party, which amount may be in an amount equal to or in excess
of 20% of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the issuance of such shares and which Nasdaq may deem a &#8220;change of control&#8221;
transaction (the &#8220;<b><i>Land Proposal</i></b>&#8221;).</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 22%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Fo</b>r</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstain</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>PROPOSAL&#160;4: </b>To approve of an increase
in the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Company&#8217;s stock option plan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 22%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>For</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Against</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Abstain</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>O</b></span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Please indicate if you intend to attend this meeting&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span>
YES&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span> NO</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 32%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Signature of Shareholder:</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 20%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 24%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 21%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date:</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name&#160;shares&#160;held&#160;in&#160;(Please&#160;print):</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Account&#160;Number&#160;(if&#160;any):</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">No. of Shares Entitled to Vote:</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">If the signer is a corporation, please
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">If the signer is a partnership, please
sign in partnership name by authorized person.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">Please provide any change of address
information in the spaces below in order that we may update our records:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 35%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annex A-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></span></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 28pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page --><div>

</div><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Washington, D.C. 20549</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">FORM 10-K</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#9746;&#160;ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR
15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2024</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OR</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#9744;&#160;TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION
13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">For the transition period from&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
to&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Commission file number: 001-40700</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of Company in its charter)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26-0014658</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State or other jurisdiction of <br/>
incorporation or organization)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer <br/>
Identification No.)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-decoration:underline">44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fremont, CA 94538</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices, including
zip code)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s Telephone number, including
area code: (510)-668-0881</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act: &#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 2%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading Symbol</span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name of each exchange on which registered</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)
of the Act: &#160;None</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes&#160;&#9744; No &#9746;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not
required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes&#160;&#9744;&#160;No &#9746;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for at
least the part 90 days. Yes&#160;&#9746; No &#9744;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes&#160;&#9746;
No &#9744;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221;
and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 30%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</span></td>
    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller Reporting Company</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has filed a report on and attestation to its management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report. &#9744;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements. &#9746;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether any of those error
corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant&#8217;s
executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). &#9744;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes &#9744; No &#9746;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The aggregate market value of the common stock
held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of registrant&#8217;s common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock
Market as of June 30, 2024 was $7.2 million.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of April 11, 2025, the registrant had 15,778,305 shares of common
stock outstanding and 0 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Options: NewSection --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Form 10-K</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Table of Contents&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Page&#160;</b>&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center"><a href="#a_001"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Part I</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 7%; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 83%; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_002">Business</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1A.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_003">Risk Factors</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1B. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_004">Unresolved staff comments</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1C.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_005">Cybersecurity</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 2. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_006">Properties</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 3. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_007">Legal Proceedings</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 4. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_008">Mine Safety Disclosures</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_009">Part II</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 5. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_010">Market for Registrant&#8217;s Common Equity, Related Stockholders Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 6.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_011">[Reserved]</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 7. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_012">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 7A.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_013">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">71</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 8.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_014">Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-1</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 9. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_015">Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">72</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 9A. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_016">Controls and Procedures</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">73</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 9B. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_017">Other Information</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">74</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 9C.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_018">Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">74</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_019">Part III</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 10.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_020">Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">75</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 11.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_021">Executive Compensation</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">81</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 12. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_022">Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">84</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 13. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_023">Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">85</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 14. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_024">Principal Accountant Fees and Services</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">87</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_025">Part IV</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 15. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_026">Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">88</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 16. </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_028">Form 10-K Summary</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">91</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_027">Signatures</a></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">92</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->i<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CONVENTIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except where the context otherwise requires and
for purposes of this annual report only:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;AiBtl&#8221; means AiBtl BioPharma, Inc.
refers to a Delaware corporation and controlling subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;APR&#8221; or &#8220;annual percentage
rate&#8221; refers to the annual rate that is charged to borrowers, including a fixed interest rate and a transaction fee rate, expressed
as a single percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of borrowing over the life of a loan;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;BioKey&#8221; means BioKey, Inc. refers
to a California corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;BioKey Cayman&#8221; means BioKey (Cayman),
Inc. refers to a Cayman corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;BioLite&#8221; means BioLite Holding, Inc.
refers to a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The &#8220;Board&#8221; or &#8220;Board of Directors&#8221;
refers to the board of directors of the Company;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;CDMO&#8221; refers to the Contract Development
&amp; Manufacturing Organization services&#160;BioKey provides, such as an API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation
development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials
(phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;China&#8221; and &#8220;P.R.C.&#8221; refer
to the People&#8217;s Republic of China, including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macau Special Administrative Region,
unless referencing specific laws and regulations adopted by the PRC and other legal or tax matters only applicable to mainland China,
excluding Taiwan for purposes of this report;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Common Stock&#8221; is the Common Stock
of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Lind&#8221; refers to Lind Global Fund
II, LP;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Series A Convertible Preferred Stock&#8221;
is the Series A convertible preferred stock of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The terms &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221;
&#8220;our,&#8221; &#8220;the Company,&#8221; &#8220;our Company&#8221; or &#8220;ABVC&#8221; refers to ABVC Biopharma, Inc., a Nevada
corporation, and all of the Subsidiaries as defined herein unless the context specifies;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;R.O.C.&#8221; or &#8220;Taiwan&#8221; refers
to Taiwan, the Republic of China;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Subsidiary&#8221; or &#8220;Subsidiaries,&#8221;
refer to American BriVision Corporation, sometimes referred to as &#8220;BriVision&#8221;, AiBtl, BioLite, BioKey, BioKey Cayman, and
Yunzhiyi Co., Ltd (&#8220;Yunzhiyi&#8221;), a Taiwan corporation;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All references to &#8220;NTD&#8221; and &#8220;New
Taiwan Dollars&#8221; are to the legal currency of R.O.C.; and</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All references to &#8220;U.S. dollars&#8221;,
&#8220;dollars&#8221;, and &#8220;$&#8221; are to the legal currency of the U.S.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This report specifies certain NTD amounts and
in parenthesis the approximate U.S. dollar amounts at the exchange rate on the date of this report. The conversion rates regarding NTD
and U.S. dollars are subject to change and, therefore, we can provide no assurance that U.S. dollar amounts specified in this report will
not change.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For clarification, this report follows English
naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual&#8217;s name is Chinese or English.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This report does not discuss any affiliates of
the Company that are not controlled by the Company.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_001"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART I</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except for statements of historical fact, the
information presented herein constitutes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by phrases
such as &#8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;forecasts,&#8221; &#8220;foresees,&#8221;
&#8220;intends,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; or other words of similar import. Similarly, statements herein that describe our business
strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve
known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially
different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include,
but are not limited to, our ability to: successfully commercialize our technology; generate revenues and achieve profitability in an intensely
competitive industry; compete in products and prices with substantially larger and better capitalized competitors; secure, maintain and
enforce a strong intellectual property portfolio; attract additional capital sufficient to finance our working capital requirements, as
well as any investment of plant, property and equipment; develop a sales and marketing infrastructure; identify and maintain relationships
with third party suppliers who can provide us a reliable source of raw materials; acquire, develop, or identify for our own use, a manufacturing
capability; attract and retain talented individuals; continue operations during periods of uncertain general economic or market conditions,
and; other events, factors and risks previously and from time to time disclosed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Although we believe the expectations reflected
in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information,
future events or otherwise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Summary of Risk Factors</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following summarizes some, but not all, of
the risks provided below. Please carefully consider all of the information discussed in Item 1A &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this annual
report for a more thorough description of these and other risks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of hazardous chemicals and biological materials.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to Intellectual Property</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to improper disclosure and misappropriation of confidential information or trade secrets</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to protection of our IP or infringement of IP rights of other parties</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to unable to protect and enforce our IP rights throughout the world.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Regulatory Risks Relating to Biopharmaceutical Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Relating to Doing Business Outside the United States</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Financial Condition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to our existing indebtedness.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to our disclosure controls and procedures and internal financial reporting controls.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to failure in safeguarding our computer network system.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Common Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to certain shareholders have substantial influence over our Company and their interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks relating to future sales and issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase common stock</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_002"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Industry Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The biotechnology industry focuses on developing
breakthrough products and technologies to combat various diseases through efficient industrial manufacturing. Biotechnology is an important
business sector in the world&#8217;s economies&#160;and is vital to human health. Companies engaged in biotechnology&#160;generally require
large amounts of capital investment for their research &amp; development activities. Developing and commercializing a new drug or medical
device may take up to tens of years. ABVC (&#8220;we&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is an early-stage biotechnology company with
a pipeline of seven new drugs and one medical device under development, all of which are licensed&#160;from related parties of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Our Mission</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We devote our resources to building a sophisticated
biotech company and becoming a pioneer in the biopharmaceutical industry. Dr. Uttam Patil, our Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Tsung-Shann
Jiang, the founder and majority shareholder of the Company, understand the challenges and opportunities of the biotech industry and intend
to provide therapeutic solutions to significant unmet medical needs and to improve health and quality of human life by developing innovative
botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&#8220;CNS&#8221;) and oncology/ hematology diseases.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Business</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date of this Report, the Company&#8217;s
revenue has come from outlicensing our intellectual properties and providing CDMO services. The Company focuses on developing a product
pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region.
Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other specialists
known to the Company to identify drugs or medical devices that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s
internal qualifications. Once a drug or medical device is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization,
ABVC licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and introduces the drug or medical device clinical trial plan to
highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, ABVC has found that research
institutions in each country are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting phase
II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. &#8211;&#160;Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study will be initiated around the end of 2025.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&#174; in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study has been initiated in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital of the two Thailand Sites and Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp; East Melbourne Retina. &#160;The Phase II study started in the 2nd quarter of 2023, and the company is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational product.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following trials are expected to begin in
the third quarter of 2025&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1519, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treatment, Phase I/II Study in Taiwan, Principal Investigator: Dr. Yung-Hung Luo, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH) </span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, Principal Investigator: Andrew E. Hendifar, MD &#8211;&#160;Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon completing a Phase II trial, ABVC will seek
a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical device upon approval
by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>GMP Manufacturing</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC owns a certified GMP manufacturing facility
through BioKey that is qualified to deliver small quantities of drugs for use by its clients in clinical trials from Phase I to Phase
III. The GMP facility can manufacture direct API or blend fill-in capsules, manual and automated encapsulation, wet granulation or tray
drying, tablet compression, coating, and packaging solid dosage forms for ANDA and IND submission.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The BioKey facility comprises a GMP suite, product
development area, analytical laboratory, food processing area, caged GMP storage area receiving area and two warehouses. The facility
was remodeled&#160;in December 2008 and received its first drug manufacturing license in June 2009. ABVC&#8217;s current drug manufacturing
license allows it to manufacture drug products under IND for human clinical trials until the expiration of the license on December 2,
2024. The renewal of licenses is in progress.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2022, BioKey began manufacturing a dietary
supplement based on the maitake mushroom. &#160;The mushrooms, supplied by Shogun Maitake Canada, Co. Ltd., are grown in a controlled
temperature and humid environment free of pesticides and chemicals. Initially, sales of the new supplement in the US and Canada will be
targeted to high-end grocery stores worldwide via online distribution. While many mushroom-based supplements are currently available to
customers, BioKey believes its new line has a significant competitive advantage since the purity and consistency of the mushrooms themselves
exceeds any maitake mushrooms currently available, and the extraction process employed by BioKey delivers a particularly strong dose.
The maitake mushroom is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans. These polysaccharides have well-documented immune-protecting
and antitumor properties. BioKey has developed both a tablet and a liquid version of the supplement. GMP manufacturing of bulk quantities
of Maitake mushroom tablets and Maitake mushroom drinks was completed in 2 and 1 batches, respectively, for commercial launches in Taiwan
and Canada in 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beta-glucans in maitake mushrooms have been shown
to reduce cholesterol, resulting in improved artery functionality and overall better cardiovascular health, lowering the risk of heart
disease. Further, studies have shown that the beta-glucans in maitake mushrooms strengthen the immune system. In a trial of postmenopausal
breast cancer patients, oral administration of a maitake extract was shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In a different Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center trial, maitake extracts enhanced neutrophil and monocyte function in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. It
boosts the production of lymphokines (protein mediators) and interleukins (secreted proteins), improving immune response.&#160;Further,
clinical trials have shown beta-glucans to lower blood glucose levels, helping to activate insulin receptors while reducing insulin resistance
in diabetes management.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey has entered into a three-year distribution
agreement with Define Biotech Co. Ltd. This Taiwan-based pharmaceutical marketing company focuses on selling drugs, dietary supplements,
and medical products in the Asia-Pacific region. The agreement grants Define Biotech the exclusive right to distribute this new dietary
supplement in China and Taiwan in exchange for the commitment to purchase $3.0 million of the new product over three years. Renewal of
the contract is under negotiation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2021, we closed a public offering
(the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) of&#160;1,100,000&#160;units (the &#8220;Units&#8221;), with each Unit consisting of one share of our common
stock (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), one Series A warrant (the &#8220;Series A Warrants&#8221;) to purchase one share of common stock
at an exercise price equal to $6.30&#160;per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date, and one Series B warrant
(the &#8220;Series B Warrants,&#8221; and together with the Series A Warrants, the &#8220;Public Warrants&#8221;) to purchase one share
of common stock at an exercise price equal to $10.00&#160;per share, exercisable until the fifth anniversary of the issuance date; the
exercise price of the Public Warrants are subject to certain adjustment and cashless exercise provisions as described therein. The Company
completed the Offering pursuant to its registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-255112), originally filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on April 8, 2021 (as amended, the &#8220;Original Registration Statement&#8221;), that
the SEC declared effective on August 2, 2021 and the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-258404) that was filed and automatically
effective on August 4, 2021 (the &#8220;S-1MEF,&#8221; together with the Original Registration Statement, the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;).
The Units were priced at $6.25&#160;per Unit, before underwriting discounts and offering expenses, resulting in gross proceeds of $6,875,000.
The Offering was conducted on a firm commitment basis. The Common Stock was approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced
trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221; on August 3, 2021.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">received
a deficiency letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;)
notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00
per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;).
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule
5550(a)(2). Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023,
to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023, Nasdaq granted the Company an extension
until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the
stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75 million. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and
the holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $0.5
million. Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu)
Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui
in exchange for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4 million.&#160;&#160;On
February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind
Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment.&#160;On
August 24, 2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance
of 176,678 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698
per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such
that as of September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1 million by September 2023. As a result,
the stockholders&#8217; equity increased by an additional $1 million. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217;
estimated that its stockholders&#8217; equity would increase by approximately $10.65 million. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter
that the Company is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the
Company does not evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 10, 2024, the Company received a notification
letter from the Staff notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. If at any time during such 180-day period the closing
bid price of the Company&#8217;s common shares is at least $1 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide the Company
written confirmation of compliance. If the Company does not regain compliance during such 180-day period, the Company may be eligible
for an additional 180 calendar days, provided that the Company meets the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held
shares and all other initial listing standards for Nasdaq except for Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), and provide a written notice of its
intention to cure this deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal. On May 13, 2025, the Company received a notification letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff determined that the Company
regained compliance with the Rule and therefore the matter is closed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Name Change and Cusip Number</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s shareholders approved an
amendment to the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company&#8217;s corporate name to &#8220;ABVC BioPharma, Inc.&#8221;
and approved and adopted the Certificate of Amendment to affect same at the 2020 annual meeting of shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Annual
Meeting&#8221;).</span> Nevada&#8217;s Secretary of State approved the name change on March 8, 2021, and FINRA processed our request
for such name change on April 30, 2021. The new name was effective on May 3, 2021. Stock certificates issued before the name change remain
valid and stockholders are not required to submit their stock certificates for exchange as a result of the name change. <i>New</i> stock
certificates issued by the Company after the name change will be printed with the Company&#8217;s new name, ABVC BioPharma, Inc.; existing
stock certificates remain valid.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company&#8217;s cusip number is 0091F106. The Company&#8217;s stock
symbol remains ABVC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Our Pipeline</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>I.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Central Nervous System</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1504 to treat Major Depressive Disorder (&#8220;MDD&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We are developing and researching ABV-1504,
a botanical reuptake inhibitor that targets norepinephrine. Before clinical trials, we conducted radioligand-binding assay tests on ABV-1504.
Radioligand-binding assays are used to characterize the binding effects of a drug to its target receptor. In the case of ABV-1504, the
receptors of radioligand-binding assays are norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The radioligand-binding assay test on norepinephrine
was conducted from May 3 to May 8, 2007, and the radioligand-binding assay test on dopamine and serotonin was administered from November
26 to December 5, 2007. The result of the radioligand-binding assay to norepinephrine of ABV-1504was 2.102 &#956;g/ml of IC50, which indicated
ABV-1504&#8217;s high inhibitory efficiency on norepinephrine. The results of the radioligand-binding assay to dopamine and serotonin
were not as good as those for norepinephrine, which indicated lower inhibitory efficiency. Because research has shown that norepinephrine
inhibitors can alleviate the level of depression, our research team saw ABV-1504&#8217;s potential to treat depression and decided to
commence the clinical trial process of ABV-1504.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">In 2013, ABVC completed the Phase I
clinical trial of ABV-1504. The primary objective of the Phase I study was to assess the safety profile of ABV-1504. The safety endpoint
was assessed based on the results of physical examinations, vital signs, laboratory data, electrocardiograms (&#8220;ECG&#8221;), Columbia-Suicide
Severity Rating Scale evaluation, and several adverse events during the study period. We began recruiting healthy people as subjects for
the Phase I trial in Taiwan on October 30, 2012. We screened 85 healthy volunteers at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital for the Phase
I trial and enrolled 30 people as trial subjects. We divided the subjects into four cohort groups and administered ABV-1504oral capsules
of 380 mg, 1140 mg, 2280 mg, and 3800 mg to the subjects in each cohort group, respectively. BioLite visited the first subject for the
first time on November 13, 2012, and the last subject for the last time on July 5, 2013. During the said period, no subject had a severe
adverse event nor discontinued the trial due to any adverse events. ABVC did not observe any clinically significant findings in physical
examinations, vital signs, electrocardiogram, laboratory measurements, and C-SSRS throughout the treatment period. However, ABVC observed
the following mild adverse events: two subjects with flatulence and one subject with constipation in the single-dose 380mg cohort of seven
subjects; one subject with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer in the single-dose 2,280 mg cohort. Comparatively, two subjects
with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer were observed in the placebo group of seven subjects. ABVC did not observe any suicidal
ideation or behavior throughout the trial period. ABV-1504&#8217;s Phase I clinical trial results reflected that the oral administration
of ABV-1504 to healthy volunteers was safe and well-tolerated at the dose levels of 380 mg to 3,800 mg.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC received an IND approval to proceed
with the Phase II clinical trial of ABV-1504 from the F.D.A. in March 2014 and an IND approval for its Phase II trial from the Taiwan
F.D.A. in June 2014. For the Phase II trial, BioLite administered oral capsules to 72 MDD patients (the trial subjects) in a randomized,
double-blind study with a placebo control group to assess ABV-1504&#8217;s efficacy and safety profile, primarily under the Montgomery-&#197;sberg
Depression Rating Scale (&#8220;MADRS&#8221;). ABVC via BioLite began recruiting Phase II subjects in March 2015 at the following study
sites; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City Hospital-Songde Branch, Tri-Service General
Hospital, Wan Fang Hospital and started recruiting MDD patients at Stanford Depression Research Clinic. The first five sites are in Taiwan,
and the last one is in the United States. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is to see changes in the subjects&#8217; MADRS total
scores from the baseline scores of the placebo subjects within the first six weeks. The secondary objectives of the Phase II trial are
to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1504 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints of (i) demonstrating changes in
MADRS total scores from baseline scores within the second to seventh weeks and (ii) showing changes in the total scores on Hamilton Rating
Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), Clinical Global
Impression Scale (CGI) from the baseline scores in the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week. ABVC plans to measure the percentages of
partial responders (subjects with a 25% to 50% decrease in total MADRS scores from the baseline score) and responders (subjects with a
50% or more decrease in total MADRS scores from the baseline score) by the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week. Additionally, ABVC
intends to monitor the subjects&#8217; performance following the Safety Assessments and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale from the
screening stage to each subject&#8217;s last visit as well as to analyze the differences in the mean changes of MADRS, HAM-D-17, HAM-A,
DSSS, CGI, and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores of the subjects administered with ABV-1504 and the placebo group in the second,
fourth, sixth and seventh week.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2019, the Company announced
the Phase II clinical study results of ABV-1504. The clinical study results showed that PDC-1421, the active pharmaceutical ingredient
of ABV-1504, met the pre-specified primary endpoint of the Phase II clinical trial and significantly improved the symptoms of MDD. The
Phase II clinical study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, in which sixty (60) adult patients with
confirmed moderate to severe MDD were treated with PDC-1421 in either low dose (380 mg) or high dose (2 x 380 mg) compared with placebo
administration, three times a day for six weeks. PDC-1421 high dose (2 x 380 mg) met the pre-specified primary endpoint by demonstrating
a highly significant 13.2-point reduction in the Montgomery-&#197;sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score by Intention-To-Treat
(ITT) analysis, averaged over the 6-week treatment period (overall treatment effect) from baseline, as compared to the 9.2-point reduction
of the placebo group. By Per-Protocol (PP) analysis, PDC-1421 showed a dose-dependent efficacy toward MDD in which a high dose (2 x 380
mg) gave a 13.4-point reduction in MADRS total score from baseline and a low dose (380 mg) gave a 10.4-point reduction as compared to
an 8.6-point in the placebo group. Based on the trial results above, the Company has decided to use the high-dose formula for ABV-1504&#8217;s
Phase III clinical trial.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1505 to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (&#8220;ADHD&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed the ADHD indication from
the same API of ABV-1504. Also, ABV-1505 shares a pharmaceutical mechanism of action similar to ABV-1504 in that ABV-1505 can potentially
increase the level of norepinephrine in the human nervous system by inhibiting its reabsorption. Because of ABV-1505&#8217;s sufficient
similarity with ABV-1504, in January 2016, the FDA approved our IND application to conduct ABV-1505&#8217;s Phase II clinical trial based
on its preclinical research and the Phase I trial results of ABV-1504.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">For the ADHD Phase II trial, ABVC plans
to recruit a maximum of 105 ADHD patients as trial subjects in the United States and Taiwan, to whom ABVC intends to administer ABV-1505
oral capsules. ABVC has designed a randomized, double-blind dose escalation study with a placebo-controlled group to assess the efficacy
and safety profile of ABV-1505, primarily against the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (&#8220;ADHD-RS-IV&#8221;). The primary endpoint of the Phase
II trial is a 40% or higher improvement in the ADHD-RS-IV from the respective baseline scores within up to eight weeks. The secondary
objective is to determine the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1505 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints of (i) improvements
of the total ADHD symptom scores from the respective baseline scores on the Conners&#8217; Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report: Short
Version (&#8220;CAARS-S:S&#8221;) 18-Item for a treatment period of eight weeks at maximum; and (ii) achievement of scores of two or lower
on both the Clinical Global Impression-ADHD- Severity (&#8220;CGI-ADHD-S&#8221;) and Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Improvement (&#8220;CGI-ADHD-I&#8221;)
from the subjects&#8217; respective baseline scores. The University of California San Francisco (&#8220;UCSF&#8221;) initiated the Phase
II, Part 1 clinical trial entitled &#8220;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Part I on January 14, 2020. The Part 1 trial is a single-center, open-label, dose-escalation evaluation
with two dosage levels in six subjects. Six subjects were initially evaluated for safety and efficacy assessments at low-dose (1 capsule
of PDC-1421, three times a day (TID)) for 28 days. A safety checkpoint was evaluated on day 28 for entering the high-dose (2 capsules
TID). The subjects who passed the checkpoint were evaluated for safety and efficacy assessments at high-dose (2 capsules of PDC-1421 TID)
for 28 days. On July 15, 2020, the last patient visit (LPLV) marked the final step toward the completion of the ABV-1505 Phase II Part
I clinical trial for the treatment of adult ADHD. On October 24, 2020, a full clinical study report (CSR) of ABV-1505 Phase II Part I
clinical trial was issued. The study results showed that the PDC-1421 Capsule was safe, well tolerated, and efficacious during its treatment
and follow-up with six adult patients. For the primary endpoints, the percentages of improvement in ADHD-RS-IV score from baseline to
8 weeks of treatment were 83.3% (N=5) in the ITT population and 80.0% (N=4) in the PP population. Both low and high doses of PDC-1421
Capsules met the primary end points by passing the required 40% population in ADHD-RS-IV test scores. Overall, the results from this study,
which demonstrate the therapeutic value of PDC-1421, support further Phase II Part II clinical development of ABV-1505 for the treatment
of adult ADHD.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Phase II Part II study with its
clinical protocol entitled &#8220;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part II&#8221; is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel three-groups with a maximum
99 subjects to be enrolled. This study was started at five Taiwan medical centers beginning in April 2022. The University of California,
San Francisco site was initiated in the 2<sup>nd</sup> quarter of 2023.&#160; The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number
for interim analysis (69 subjects) in 2023 December, and the interim analysis of the study is now in progress.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1601 to treat Depression in Cancer Patients</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed a treatment for depression
in cancer patients from the same active pharmaceutical ingredients as ABV-1504. ABV-1601 shares similar pharmaceutical mechanisms of action
as ABV-1504 in that ABV-1601 can potentially increase the level of norepinephrine in the human nervous system by inhibiting its reabsorption.
Due to ABV-1601&#8217;s similarity with ABV-1504, the FDA approved our ABV-1601-001 clinical protocol under the same IND as ABV-1504 (IND
112567) in December 2018.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">For the Phase II trial of ABV-1601,
ABVC plans to recruit a maximum number of 54 cancer patients with depression, to whom ABVC intends to administer ABV-1601 oral capsules.
ABVC is engaging the Principal Investigator at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. which designed a randomized, double-blind dose
escalation study with a comparator-controlled group to assess the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1601, primarily against Montgomery-&#197;sberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is a change in MADRS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale (HADS), subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D), and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) total scores from baseline in patients taking
PDC-1421 compared to the comparator. As of the date of this report, Part I of Phase II clinical protocol, which is an open trial, has
been approved by the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center IRB Committee.&#160;This study will be initiated around the end of 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>II.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Oncology</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1702 to treat Myelodysplastic Syndrome (&#8220;MDS&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC started the preparation for ABV-1702&#8217;s
Phase II clinical trials after receiving its IND approval from the FDA in July 2016. ABVC plans to recruit fifty-two subjects in the United
States diagnosed with either IPSS int-1, IPSS int-2 high-risk MDS, or CMML and may take azacitidine as part of the subjects&#8217; prescription.
Azacitidine is an FDA-approved drug used to treat MDS. ABVC intends to administer ABV-1702 in the oral liquid form along with azacitidine.
The Phase II trial is divided into two parts, where Part 1 is to determine the safety and recommended dose level (&#8220;RDL&#8221;) of
ABV-1702 in combination with azacitidine and Part 2 is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal and
fungicidal infection in the subjects&#8217; respiratory systems. The primary endpoint of the Part 1 Phase II trial is to assess the safety
and RDL profile of ABV-1702 administered with azacitidine by measuring ABV-1702&#8217;s prohibited toxicity. The secondary endpoints of
Phase II Part 1 are to determine the safety, time-to-first infection after the first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle,
reduction in treatment requirements and duration of infections, enhancement of immune responses, improvements of response rates, progression,
and survival rates of the subjects under such ABV-1702 - azacitidine combination treatment. The primary endpoint of Part 2 of Phase II
is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal and fungicidal infection risks in the subjects&#8217;
respiratory systems in combination with azacitidine as compared to the control group with incidence of infections and incidence/frequency
of inpatient hospitalization due to infections. The secondary endpoints of Part 2 of Phase II are to determine the safety, time-to-first
infection after the first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle, reduction in required dosage and duration of infection,
enhancement of immune responses, improvement of response rate, progression, and survival rates of the subjects under the trial conditions.
In April 2016, BioLite submitted a letter to the FDA responding to its queries with additional information about the proposed Phase II
trial.&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company expects to begin Phase
II clinical trials of ABV-1702 in the fourth quarter of 2025 and is actively looking for qualified principal investigators and an appropriate
site for the study; therefore, the timing cannot be guaranteed.&#160;</p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1703 to treat Pancreatic Cancer</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC developed a new indication for
pancreatic cancer from maitake extract, named ABV-1703, and licensed it to Rgene to prepare its IND application with the FDA. On August
25, 2017,the FDA approved ABV-1703&#8217;s Phase II trial. According to the ABVC-Rgene Co-development Agreement, ABVC is responsible for
coordinating and conducting the clinical trials of ABV-1703 globally and Rgene is responsible for preparing the related FDA applications.
As of the date of this report, we are engaging Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. to conduct the Phase II clinical trial and plan
to initiate the Phase II trial in 2025. &#160;We plan to submit ABV-1703&#8217;s Phase II clinical trial IND to the Taiwan FDA after we
commence the clinical trials in the United States.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV- 1501 Triple Negative Breast Cancer - Combination therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (&#8220;TNBC&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABV- 1501 is developed from BLI-1401-2, whose active pharmaceutical ingredient is Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (&#8220;MSKCC&#8221;) conducted the Phase I clinical trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom), which is very similar to Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. The Phase I trial focused on the immunological effects of Grifola frondosa extract on breast cancer patients. The results of the Phase I trial showed that oral administration of a polysaccharide extract from Maitake mushroom is associated with both immunologically stimulatory and inhibitory measurable effects in peripheral blood. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our ABV-1501 Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application to the US FDA for the Phase II clinical trials referencing the MSKCC maitake research resulted in a Phase II IND approval in March of 2016 by the U.S. FDA.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The collaboration with BHK to file a clinical trial application to the Taiwan FDA (&#8220;TFDA&#8221;) for conducting this combination therapy trial in Taiwan was temporarily put on hold due to the lack of funding.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Our Collaborative Agreements</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1701 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy and Collaboration Agreement with BioFirst</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, BriVision, one of
our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a collaboration agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst, under which
BioFirst granted BriVision the global license to co-develop BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy (&#8220;BFC-1401&#8221;) for medical
purposes. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because BioFirst and YuanGene Corporation (&#8220;YuanGene&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s
controlling shareholder, are under common control, both controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">According to the BioFirst Agreement, we will co-develop and commercialize
BFC-1401 or ABV-1701 with BioFirst. We must pay BioFirst $3.0 million (the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in cash or common stock of BriVision
on or before September 30, 2018 in two installments. An upfront payment of $300,000, representing 10% of the Total Payment due under the
Collaboration Agreement, was to be paid upon executing the BioFirst Agreement. BriVision will receive 50% of the future net licensing
income or net sales profit when ABV-1701 is sublicensed or commercialized. On June 30, 2019, the Company and BioFirst entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;), according to which the Company will issue 428,571 shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst in connection with the BioFirst Collaborative
Agreement. For more information about the BioFirst Agreement and Purchase Agreement, please refer to the current reports on Form 8-K filed
on July 24, 2017 and July 12, 2019.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On November 7, 2016, the Phase I clinical
trial application prepared and submitted by BioFirst was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Australia (&#8220;HREC&#8221;).
On November 14, 2016, it was approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia (&#8220;TGA&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We successfully finished the Phase
I clinical trial of ABV-1701 at Sydney Retina Clinic and Day Surgery, a clinic in Sydney, Australia. This was the only site for this Phase
I clinical trial. The trial started on November 17, 2016, and was completed with positive results in July 2018. The Protocol Title is
&#8220;A Phase I, single-center, safety and tolerability study of Vitargus in the treatment of Retinal Detachment.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 44; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The primary endpoint of this Phase
I clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single intravitreal dose of Vitargus in patients as a vitreous substitute
during vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment. Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance in which the
substance is delivered into the eyes. The secondary endpoint of this Phase I clinical trial is to assess retinal attachment and Virtagus
degradation at day 90 and to assess best corrected visual acuity (&#8220;BVCA&#8221;) after vitrectomy surgery. BVCA refers to the best
possible vision a person can achieve. HREC requires the primary and second endpoints to evaluate our Phase I clinical trial application.
We enrolled an aggregate number of 10 patient subjects in this trial. On November 17, 2016, we received approval from the Data and Safety
Monitoring Board for the first subject, and nine more subjects were enrolled after that. In this trial, Vitargus was injected into the
vitreous cavity of vitrectomised eyes, whose vitreous gel was removed from the vitreous cavity after vitrectomy surgery. On August 24,
2020, a full clinical study report (CSR) of the ABV-1701 Phase I clinical trial was issued. The study results showed that ABV-1701 (Vitargus)
was well-tolerated as a vitreous substitute without any apparent toxicity to ocular tissues. Further, there was no indication of an increased
overall safety risk with Vitargus. For efficacy, participants showed significant improvement in visual acuity. The optical properties
of Vitargus allowed the patients to see well and facilitated visualization of the fundus immediately following surgery. In addition, since
Vitargus was set as a stable semisolid gel adhering to the retina, it maintained its position without requiring the patient to remain
face-down following surgery.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABV-1701, Vitargus&#174; in vitrectomy
surgery, Phase II Study was started in the 2<sup>nd</sup> quarter of 2023. Four (4) study sites in Australia and Thailand join this multi-nation
and multi-site clinical study. The company is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational
product.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">II.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-development Agreement with Rgene</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, American BriVision
Corporation entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company. According to the
Co-Dev Agreement, BriVision and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy,
ABV-17 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene
must pay the Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation
of BriVision&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not
relate to any future commitments made by BriVision and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to the $3.0 million, the Company is
entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and both BriVision and Rgene shall
equally share any development costs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">By June 1, 2017, the Company had delivered
all research, technical, and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the total amount of $3.0 million
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NT$50 (approximately equivalent to $1.60 per share),
for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018. During the
year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized an investment loss of $549. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to entirely
write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic
environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements, and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business.
All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 45; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, under which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">III.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded
its co-development partnership with Rgene. BioKey entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service Agreement&#8221;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Under the terms of the Service Agreement,
BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a three years with each payment amount to be determined by certain
regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. Through a series of transactions over the past five years, the Company and
Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company owning 31.62% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
The Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene if the Note is fully converted. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan
from the related party by the first half of 2024, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at
any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) a 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as outlined in
the Note. The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for five more
years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause
by providing 30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective
July 1, 2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has
nominated Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest
shareholders, owning 12.8% of the Company. For more information about the Service Agreement and Note, please refer to the current reports
on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">BLEX 404, a new drug under clinical
development covered by the Service Agreement, is extracted from the Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), an edible mushroom. Its immunological
effects and safety have been demonstrated in two Phase I/II clinical studies performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)
with breast cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Market Distribution Strategy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We focus primarily on developing botanical drugs
intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, or treat human diseases. Together with our strategic partners, we plan to market, distribute and
sell our drug products internationally once those drug candidates comply with the local authorities regulations on drugs and foods. Currently,
many countries follow the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human
Use (the &#8220;ICH&#8221;) guidelines that European Medicines publish to guide the quality and safety of pharmaceutical development and
new drug commercialization in Japan, the United States and Europe. All of our drug candidates go through the United States FDA process
for new drug development and then seek regulatory approval from regulators equivalent to the FDA in the jurisdictions where we plan to
distribute those candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 46; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Intellectual Property</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The new drug candidates depend on or are the subject of the following
patents and patent applications.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>No.</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Status</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Patent No.</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Patent <br/>
Starting <br/>
Date</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Patent <br/>
Expiration<br/>
Date</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Patent Name</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Territory</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Patent<br/>
Owner<sup>(1)(2)</sup></b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 6%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DE202007003503 U1</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8/23/2007</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 23%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant agent</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Germany</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7531519</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5/12/2009</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The U.S.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4620652</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/20/2006</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/19/2026</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant agent</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Japan</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I 314453</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9/21/2006</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9/20/2026</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant agent</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MPITDC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I389713</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3/21/2013</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/13/2030</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as a vitreous substitute <b><sup>(3)</sup></b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Taiwan</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NHRI</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">US 8197849 B2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Corporate History and Structure</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on February 6, 2002 and has four wholly-owned Subsidiaries: BriVision, BioLite Holding, Inc., BioKey Cayman, and BioKey, Inc.
BriVision was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware and is in the business of developing pharmaceutical products in North
America.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated under the laws
of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. Its key Subsidiaries include BioLite BVI,
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September 13, 2016 and BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite
Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs
for over twelve years. Certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan exchanged approximately 73% of equity securities in BioLite Taiwan for the
Common Stock in BioLite Holding in accordance with a share purchase/ exchange agreement (the &#8220;Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement&#8221;).
As a result, BioLite Holding owns via BioLite BVI approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who did not enter this Share
Purchase/ Exchange Agreement retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, one of the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set
up for holding the land in Taiwan that AiBtl is in the process of acquiring, which land will be used for developing health related business.
As of the date hereof, the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is currently under government review, pending completion of the title transfer
registration. Due to Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting foreign entities from directly owning farmland, the parties agreed
to structure the arrangement through nominee holdings.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon closing of the Mergers on February 8, 2019,
BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ABVC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries,
BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;,
or &#8220;AiBtl&#8221;) for the Company and BioLite&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD
(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development
of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology,
interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares
of AiBtl stock at $10 per share, and if certain milestones are met, each may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales,
up to $100 million. Upon the issuance of the shares, AiBtl became a subsidiary of ABVC.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 48; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following chart illustrates the corporate structure of ABVC:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><img alt="" src="image_001.jpg" style="width: 700px; height: 406px"/>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 5, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Board
for Directors approved amending the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to remove Section 2.8, which permitted cumulative voting for directors since
cumulative voting is specifically prohibited by our Articles of Incorporation. Since it is not otherwise stated in our Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election, as provided in the Nevada Revised Statutes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 14, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
Board for Directors approved amending the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to amend Section 2.8 of the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to revise the number
of shares needed to establish a quorum at shareholder meetings. The Amendment changes the quorum requirement from a majority to 33-1/3%
of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Competition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The healthcare industry is highly competitive
and subject to significant and rapid technological change as researchers learn more about diseases and develop new technologies and treatments.
Significant competitive factors in our industry include product efficacy and safety; quality and breadth of an organization&#8217;s technology;
skill of an organization&#8217;s employees and its ability to recruit and retain key employees; timing and scope of regulatory approvals;
the average selling price of products; the availability of raw materials and qualified manufacturing capacity; manufacturing costs; intellectual
property and patent rights and their protection; and our capabilities of securing competent collaborators. Market acceptance of our current
products and product candidates will depend on a number of factors, including: (i) potential advantages over existing or alternative therapies
or tests, (ii) the actual or perceived safety of similar classes of products, (iii) the effectiveness of sales, marketing, and distribution
capabilities, and (iv) the scope of any approval provided by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Since we are a small biopharmaceutical company
compared to other companies that we may compete against, it is our intention to license our products to much larger pharmaceutical, specialty
pharmaceutical and generic drug companies with the financial, technical and human resources to compete effectively in the markets we address.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We anticipate that our license partners will face
intense and increasing competition when and as our new drug candidates enter the markets, as advanced technologies become available and
as generic forms of currently branded products become available. Finally, the development of new treatment methods for the diseases we
are targeting could render our products non-competitive or obsolete. There can be no assurance that any of our new drug candidates will
be clinically superior or scientifically preferable to products developed or introduced by our competitors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 49; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following chart lists some, not all, of the
biopharmaceutical companies that research, develop, commercialize, distribute or sell drugs that are in competition with our drug candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 13%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Headquarters</b></span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Government Regulations</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Currently, we are focusing on the research and
development of six therapeutic candidates in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology and autoimmune, for which regulatory approval must
be received before we can commence marketing. In addition, our cGMP facility is subject to review by the FDA. Regulatory approval processes
and FDA regulations for ABVC&#8217;s current and any future product candidates are discussed below.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>FDA Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the U.S., pharmaceutical products are subject
to extensive regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the &#8220;FDC Act&#8221;), and other federal and state statutes
and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling,
promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products.
Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as
FDA refusal to approve pending NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or
distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution. Pharmaceutical product development in the U.S. typically
involves the performance of satisfactory nonclinical, also referred to as pre-clinical, laboratory and animal studies under the FDA&#8217;s
Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulation, the development and demonstration of manufacturing processes, which conform to FDA mandated
current good manufacturing requirements, or cGMPs, including a quality system regulating manufacturing, the submission and acceptance
of an IND application, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin in the U.S., obtaining the approval of Institutional
Review Boards, or IRBs, at each site where we plan to conduct a clinical trial to protect the welfare and rights of human subjects in
clinical trials, adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of the drug for each indication
for which FDA approval is sought, and the submission to the FDA for review and approval of an NDA. Satisfaction of FDA requirements typically
takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity, and novelty of the product or disease.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pre-clinical tests generally include laboratory
evaluation of a product candidate, its chemistry, formulation, stability and toxicity, as well as certain animal studies to assess its
potential safety and efficacy. Results of these pre-clinical tests, together with chemistry, manufacturing controls and analytical data
and the clinical trial protocol, which details the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness
criteria to be evaluated, along with other requirements must be submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which must become effective before
human clinical trials can begin. The entire clinical trial and its protocol must be in compliance with what are referred to as good clinical
practice, or GCP, requirements. The term, GCP, is used to refer to various FDA laws and regulations, as well as international scientific
standards intended to protect the rights, health and safety of patients, define the roles of clinical trial sponsors and assure the integrity
of clinical trial data.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days
after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions about the intended conduct of the
trials and imposes what is referred to as a clinical hold. Pre-clinical studies generally take several years to complete, and there is
no guarantee that an IND based on those studies will become effective, allowing clinical testing to begin. In addition to FDA review of
an IND, each medical site that desires to participate in a proposed clinical trial must have the protocol reviewed and approved by an
independent IRB or Ethics Committee, or EC. The IRB considers, among other things, ethical factors, and the selection and safety of human
subjects. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA&#8217;s GCP requirements. The FDA and/or IRB may order the temporary,
or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical trial or that a specific clinical trial site be halted at any time, or impose other sanctions
for failure to comply with requirements under the appropriate entity jurisdiction.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical trials to support NDAs for marketing
approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In Phase I clinical trials, a product candidate
is typically introduced either into healthy human subjects or patients with the medical condition for which the new drug is intended to
be used. The main purpose of the trial is to assess a product candidate&#8217;s safety and the ability of the human body to tolerate the
product candidate. Phase I clinical trials generally include less than 50 subjects or patients.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During Phase 2 trials, a product candidate is
studied in an exploratory trial or trials in a limited number of patients with the disease or medical condition for which it is intended
to be used in order to: (i) further identify any possible adverse side effects and safety risks, (ii) assess the preliminary or potential
efficacy of the product candidate for specific target diseases or medical conditions, and (iii) assess dosage tolerance and determine
the optimal dose for Phase III trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Phase III trials are generally undertaken to demonstrate
clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population with the goal of evaluating the overall risk-benefit
relationship of the product candidate. Phase III trials are generally designed to reach a specific goal or endpoint, the achievement of
which is intended to demonstrate the candidate product&#8217;s clinical efficacy and adequate information for labeling of the approved
drug.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA
to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the FDA&#8217;s threshold determination that it is sufficiently
complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. The FDA has agreed
to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs. Most applications for standard review drug products are reviewed within ten months;
most applications for priority review drugs are reviewed within six months. Priority review can be applied to drugs that the FDA determines
offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. The review process for both standard and priority
review may be extended by the FDA for three additional months to consider certain late-submitted information, or information intended
to clarify information already provided in the submission. The FDA may also refer applications for novel drug products, or drug products
which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory committee&#160;&#8212;&#160;typically a panel that includes clinicians
and other experts&#160;&#8212;&#160;for review, evaluation, and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The
FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA,
the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility
or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless compliance with cGMPs is satisfactory
and the NDA contains data that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing
facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies
in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If
and when those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA&#8217;s satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval
letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing such resubmissions in two or six months depending on the type of information included. An approval
letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA
approval, the FDA may require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh
the potential risks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">REMS can include medication guides, communication
plans for healthcare professionals, and elements to assure safe use, or ETASU. ETASU can include, but are not limited to, special training
or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient
registries. The requirement for a REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, product approval
may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug&#8217;s safety or efficacy. Once granted, product approvals
may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Post-Approval Regulations</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if a product candidate receives regulatory
approval, the approval is typically limited to specific clinical indications. Further, even after regulatory approval is obtained, subsequent
discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on its use or even complete withdrawal of the product
from the market. Any FDA-approved products manufactured or distributed by us are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including
record-keeping requirements and reporting of adverse events or experiences. Further, drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are required
to register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and state agencies
for compliance with cGMPs, which impose rigorous procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our contract manufacturers. ABVC
cannot be certain that ABVC or its present or future contract manufacturers or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations
and other FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in, among other things, total or partial suspension
of production activities, failure of the FDA to grant approval for marketing, and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the FDA approves one or more of our product
candidates, ABVC must provide certain updated safety and efficacy information. Product changes, as well as certain changes in the manufacturing
process or facilities where the manufacturing occurs or other post-approval changes may necessitate additional FDA review and approval.
The labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of a drug must be in compliance with FDA and Federal Trade Commission,
or FTC, requirements which include, among others, standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry
sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the Internet. The FDA and FTC have very broad enforcement
authority, and failure to abide by these regulations can result in penalties, including the issuance of a warning letter directing us
to correct deviations from regulatory standards and enforcement actions that can include seizures, fines, injunctions and criminal prosecution.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;<i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Foreign Regulatory Approval</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Outside of the U.S., ABVC&#8217;s ability to market
our product candidates will be contingent also upon its receiving marketing authorizations from the appropriate foreign regulatory authorities,
whether or not FDA approval has been obtained. The foreign regulatory approval process in most industrialized countries generally encompasses
risks similar to those ABVC will encounter in the FDA approval process. The requirements governing conduct of clinical trials and marketing
authorizations, and the time required to obtain requisite approvals, may vary widely from country to country and differ from those required
for FDA approval.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be subject to additional regulations
in other countries in which we market, sell and import our products, including Canada. ABVC or its distributors must receive all necessary
approvals or clearance prior to marketing and/or importing our products in those markets.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Other Regulatory Matters</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities
following product approval are also subject to regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in addition to the FDA, including, in the
U.S., the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services, other divisions of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Drug Enforcement
Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Occupational Safety &amp;Health Administration,
the Environmental Protection Agency and state and local governments. In the U.S., sales, marketing and scientific/educational programs
must also comply with state and federal fraud and abuse laws. Pricing and rebate programs must comply with the Medicaid rebate requirements
of the U.S. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 and more recent requirements in the Health Care Reform Law, as amended by the Health
Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or ACA. If products are made available to authorized users of the Federal Supply
Schedule of the General Services Administration, additional laws and requirements apply. The handling of any controlled substances must
comply with the U.S. Controlled Substances Act and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act. Products must meet applicable child-resistant
packaging requirements under the U.S. Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities are also potentially
subject to federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The distribution of pharmaceutical products is
subject to additional requirements and regulations, including extensive recordkeeping, licensing, storage and security requirements intended
to prevent the unauthorized sale of pharmaceutical products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The failure to comply with regulatory requirements
subjects firms to possible legal or regulatory action. Depending on the circumstances, failure to meet applicable regulatory requirements
can result in criminal prosecution, fines, imprisonment or other penalties, injunctions, recall or seizure of products, total or partial
suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of product approvals, or refusal to allow a firm to enter into supply contracts, including
government contracts. In addition, even if a firm complies with FDA and other requirements, new information regarding the safety or effectiveness
of a product could lead the FDA to modify or withdraw product approval. Prohibitions or restrictions on sales or withdrawal of future
products marketed by us could materially affect our business in an adverse way.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Changes in regulations, statutes or the interpretation
of existing regulations could impact our business in the future by requiring, for example: (i) changes to our manufacturing arrangements;
(ii) additions or modifications to product labeling; (iii) the recall or discontinuation of our products; or (iv) additional record-keeping
requirements. If any such changes were to be imposed, they could adversely affect the operation of our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Employees</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, we, including the subsidiaries,
have 19 employees, 16 of which are full-time, located in the U.S. and Taiwan.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_003"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Investing in our securities includes a high
degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed
below, together with all of the other information contained in this report. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business,
financial condition, results of operations and future prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the
market price of our Common Stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Unfavorable global economic conditions,
including as a result of health and safety concerns, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our results of operations could be adversely affected
by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the impact of health and safety
concerns from the current outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus (&#8220;COVID-19&#8221;). The spread of the COVID-19, which was declared
a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has caused different countries and cities to mandate curfews, including &#8220;shelter-in-place&#8221;
and closures of most non-essential businesses as well as other measures to mitigate the spread of the virus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The negative impact of COVID-19 on our operations
is ongoing and the extent of which remains uncertain and potentially wide-spread, including:&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to successfully execute our long-term growth strategy during these uncertain times;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">supply chain disruptions in projects ABV-1504, ABV-1505 and ABV-1601, resulting from reduced workforces, scarcity of raw materials, and scrutiny or embargoing of goods produced in infected areas;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to perform on-site due-diligence for project ABV-1505 (MDD Phase II completed new drug candidate) and ABV-1701 (Vitargus FIH completed medical device) with our potential partners/collaborators in US, Mainland China, and Japan;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to access capital sources, as well as the ability of our key customers, suppliers, and vendors to do the same in regard to their own obligations; and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diversion of management and employee attention and resources from key business activities and risk management outside of COVID-19 response efforts, including maintenance of internal controls.&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic remains highly volatile
and continues to evolve on a daily basis and therefore, despite our efforts and developments to combat the virus, there can be no assurance
that these measures will prove successful. The extent to which COVID-19 continues to impact the Company&#8217;s business, sales, and results
of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company is a development stage biopharmaceutical
company and is thus subject to the risks associated with new businesses in that industry.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquired the sole licensing rights
to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite and the right to co-develop with BioFirst a medical device
(collectively the &#8220;ABVC Pipeline Products&#8221;). As such, the Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with operations
that generate unsubstantial revenues. The Company is establishing and implementing many important functions necessary to operate a business,
including the clinical research and development of the ABVC Pipeline Products, further establishment of the Company&#8217;s managerial
and administrative structure, accounting systems and internal financial controls</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite and BioKey are expected to continue to
have limited revenue and remain unprofitable for an indefinite period of time.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accordingly, you should consider the Company&#8217;s
prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties that a pharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and revenue faces. In
particular, potential investors should consider that there are significant risks that the Company will not be able to:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">implement or execute its current business plan, or generate profits;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attract and maintain a skillful management team;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">raise sufficient funds in the capital markets or otherwise to effectuate its business plan;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">determine that the processes and technologies that it has developed are commercially viable; and/or</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter into contracts with commercial partners, such as licensors and suppliers.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the above risks occurs, the Company&#8217;s
business may fail, in which case you may lose the entire amount of your investment in the Company. The Company cannot assure that any
of its efforts in business operations will be successful or result in the timely development of new products, or ultimately produce any
material revenue and profits.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As a pre-profit biopharmaceutical company, the
Company needs to transition from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities.
The Company may not be able to reach such transition point or make such a transition, which would have affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company fails to raise additional
capital, its ability to implement its business model and strategy could be compromised.</i></b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has limited capital resources and
operations. The CDMO services provided by BioKey generates a limited amount of revenue that can only partially support the operations
of the Company. To date, the Company&#8217;s operations have been&#160;funded partially from the proceeds from financings or loans from
its shareholders. From time to time, we may seek additional financing to provide the capital required to expand research and development
(&#8220;R&amp;D&#8221;) initiatives and/or working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient
to do so.&#160;We cannot predict with certainty the timing or amount of any such capital requirements.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not raise sufficient capital
to fund its ongoing development activities, it is likely that it will be unable to carry out its business plans, including R&amp;D development
and expansion of production facilities. Currently, the Company has had to put several projects on hold due to a lack of funding. Even
if the Company obtains financing for near term operations and product development, the Company may require additional capital beyond the
near term. Furthermore, additional capital may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms, if at all, and our ability
to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to
and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. If
the Company is unable to raise capital when needed, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely
affected, and it could be forced to reduce or discontinue our operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company has no history in obtaining
regulatory approval for, or commercializing, any new drug candidate.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With limited operating history, the Company has
never obtained regulatory&#160;approval for, or commercialized, any new drug candidate.&#160;It is possible that the FDA may refuse to
accept our planned New Drug Application (or &#8220;NDA&#8221;) for any of the six drug products for substantive review or may conclude
after review of our data that our application is insufficient to obtain regulatory approval of the new drug candidates or the medical
device. Although our CDMO strategic business department has experience in obtaining abbreviated new drug application (or &#8220;ANDA&#8221;)
approvals, the processes and timelines of obtaining an NDA approval and ANDA approval can differentiate substantially. If the FDA does
not accept or approve our planned NDA for our product candidates, it may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical or manufacturing
validation studies, which may be costly. Depending on the FDA required studies, approval of any NDA or application that we submit may
be significantly delayed, possibly for several years, or may require us to expend more resources than we have. Any delay in obtaining,
or inability to obtain, regulatory approvals of any of our drug candidate will prevent us from sublicensing such product. It is also possible
that additional studies, if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA. If any of these outcomes occurs, we
may be forced to abandon our planned NDA for such drug candidate, which materially adversely affects our business and could potentially
cause us to cease operations. We face similar regulatory risks in a foreign jurisdiction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our growth is dependent on our ability to
successfully develop, acquire or license new drugs.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our growth is supported by continuous investment
in time, resources and capital to identify and develop new products or new formulations for the market and market penetration. If we are
unable to either develop new products on our own or acquire licenses for new products from other parties, our ability to grow revenues
and market share will be adversely affected.&#160;In addition, we may not be able to recover our investment in the development of new
drugs and medical devices, given that projects may be interrupted, unsuccessful, not as profitable as initially contemplated or we may
not be able to obtain necessary financing for such development. Similarly, there is no assurance that we can successfully secure such
rights from third parties on an economically feasible basis.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our current products have certain side effects.
If the side effects associated with our current or future products are not identified prior to their marketing and sale, we may be required
to withdraw such products from the market, perform lengthy additional clinical trials or change the labeling of our products, any of which
could adversely impact our growth.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company researches and develops the following
seven drug products and one medical device: ABV-1501, ABV-1504, ABV-1505, ABV-1519, ABV-1702, ABV-1601 and ABV-1703. Each of these seven
products may cause serious adverse effects to their users. For example, the API of ABV-1501, ABV-1702 and ABV-1703 is Maitake mushroom
extract. Side effects, or adverse events, associated with Maitake mushroom extract include blood bilirubin increase, lymphocyte count
decrease, neutrophil count decrease, platelet count decrease, white blood cell decrease, headache, and hyperglycemia. Serious adverse
events (collectively, the &#8220;SAE&#8221;) associated with this compound include leukocytosis, platelet count decrease, eye disorders,
abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorders, aphonia, lung infection, muscle weakness right-sided, confusion, edema cerebral, stroke, dyspnea,
wheezing, and pruritus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 have the same API, &#8220;Radix
Polygala&#8221;, which is known as Polygala tenuifolia Willd or PDC-1421 Capsule (&#8220;Polygala tenuifolia Willd&#8221;). Side effects,
or adverse events, associated with ABV-1504 and ABV-1505, coming from administration of the trial medicine or examination procedure such
as the procedure of taking blood (fainting, pain and/or bruising), may lead to gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal fullness and constipation),
nervous system disorders (drowsiness, sleepiness, and oral ulcer). In addition, long-term use may cause miscarriages.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The safety and preliminary efficacy findings from
this study, combined with the unique properties of ABV-1701, are supportive of further investigation for its use following vitrectomy
surgery in patients requiring vitreous replacement. However, new serious side effects of ABV-1701 may be uncovered as the clinical trials
continue.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The occurrence of any of those adverse events
would harm our future sales of these medicines and substantially increase the costs and expenses of marketing these medicines, which in
turn could cause our revenues and net income to decline.&#160;In addition, the reputation and sales of our future medicines could be adversely
affected due to the severe side effects discovered.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may be subject to product liability claims
in the future, which could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products
that we may develop.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent business risk of exposure
to product liability claims in the event that the uses of our products are alleged to have caused adverse side effects.&#160;Side effects
or marketing or manufacturing problems pertaining to any of our products could result in product liability claims or adverse publicity.&#160;These
risks will exist for those products in clinical development and with respect to those products that receive regulatory approval for commercial
sale.&#160;Furthermore, although we have not historically experienced any problems associated with claims by users of our products, we
do not currently maintain product liability insurance and&#160;there could be no assurance that we are able to acquire product liability
insurance with terms that are commercially feasible.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 56; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent risk of product liability
claims as a result of the clinical testing of our products and potentially commercially selling any products that we may develop. For
example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing,
manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design,
a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted
under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial
liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability
claims may result in:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We currently have insurance policies to cover
liabilities under the clinic trials but do not maintain general liability insurance; and even if we have a general liability insurance
in the future, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any product liability litigation
or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. We would need to increase our insurance coverage if and when
we begin selling any product candidate that receives marketing approval. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product
liability claims, it could prevent or inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have conducted, and may in the future
conduct, clinical trials for certain of our product candidates at sites outside the United States, and the FDA may not accept data from
trials conducted in such locations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have conducted and may in the future choose
to conduct one or more of our clinical trials outside the United States. Although the FDA may accept data from clinical trials conducted
outside the United States, acceptance of this data is subject to certain conditions imposed by the FDA. For example, the clinical trial
must be well designed and conducted and performed by qualified investigators in accordance with ethical principles. The trial population
must also adequately represent the U.S. population, and the data must be applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice in
ways that the FDA deems clinically meaningful. In addition, while these clinical trials are subject to the applicable local laws, FDA
acceptance of the data will be dependent upon its determination that the trials also complied with all applicable U.S. laws and regulations.
There can be no assurance that the FDA will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States. If the FDA does not accept
the data from any of our clinical trials that we determine to conduct outside the United States, it would likely result in the need for
additional trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay or permanently halt our development of the product candidate.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the conduct of clinical trials outside
the United States could have a significant impact on us. Risks inherent in conducting international clinical trials include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">foreign regulatory requirements that could restrict or limit our ability to conduct our clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">administrative burdens of conducting clinical trials under multiple foreign regulatory schema;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">foreign exchange fluctuations; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 57; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If clinical trials of our product candidates
fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable non-U.S. regulators, we may incur additional costs
or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are not permitted to commercialize, market,
promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from the FDA. Comparable non-U.S. regulatory
authorities impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensive preclinical development and clinical
trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain these approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design
and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. Any inability to successfully complete preclinical
and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenues from product sales, regulatory
and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing
of our product candidate beyond the trials and testing that we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials
of our product candidate or other testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable,
or (4) there are unacceptable safety concerns associated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidates;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not obtain marketing approval at all;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be subject to additional post-marketing testing or other requirements; or</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Even if any of our product candidates receives
marketing approval, it may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party payors and others in the
medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidate may be smaller than we estimate.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never completed a new drug or new medical
device FDA application process from Phase I to FDA approval and commercialization. Even if our products are approved by the appropriate
regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, they may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients,
third party payors and others in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing
therapies even when new and potentially more effective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to
the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unless their physicians recommend switching products or they are
required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The potential market opportunities for our products
are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities are predicated on many assumptions, including
industry knowledge and publications, third party research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internal assumptions are
reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and
the reasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate,
the actual markets for our products could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 58; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may seek to enter into collaborations
with third parties for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. If we fail to enter into such collaborations,
or such collaborations are not successful, we may not be able to capitalize on the market potential of our product candidates.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may seek third-party collaborators for development
and commercialization of our products. Our likely collaborators for any marketing, distribution, development, licensing or broader collaboration
arrangements include large and mid-size pharmaceutical companies, regional and national pharmaceutical companies, non-profit organizations,
government agencies, and biotechnology companies. Our ability to generate revenues from these arrangements will depend on our collaborators&#8217;&#160;abilities
to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborations involving our products will pose
the following risks to us:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators may have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to these collaborations;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of our product candidate or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on preclinical or clinical trial results, changes in the collaborators&#8217;&#160;strategic focus or available funding, or external factors such as an acquisition that diverts resources or creates competing priorities;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborative agreements may not lead to development
or commercialization of our product candidate in the most efficient manner or at all. If a collaborator of ours were to be involved in
a business combination, the continued pursuit and emphasis on our product development or commercialization program could be delayed, diminished
or terminated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC, through BioLite, may not be able to
receive the full amounts available under the collaboration agreement by and between BioLite, Inc. and BioHopeKing, which could increase
its burden to seek additional capital to fund the business operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February and December 2015, BioLite, Inc.,
a subsidiary of BioLite, entered into a total of three collaboration agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for TNBC
(or BLI-1401-2 as used by BioLite internally) and ABV-1504 for MDD (or BLI-1005 as used by BioLite internally) in most Asian countries
and BLI-1006, which has been later replaced with BLI-1008 for ADHD in Asia, excluding Japan. ABVC and BioLite are co-developing ABV-1501
for TNBC and ABV-1504 for MDD pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement and its Addendum entered by and between BriVision and BioLite Taiwan
where ABVC and BriVision are responsible for the clinical trials of such two new drug candidates. In accordance with the terms of the
BioHopeKing Collaboration Agreement for ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 and the Addendum thereto, BioLite shall receive payments of a total of
$10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&#8217;s
achievements of certain milestones and twelve per cent (12%) of net sales of the drug products when ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 is approved
for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it may not receive the rest
of the payments from BioHopeKing. As a result of BioLite&#8217;s potential inability to receive the full payments under those collaboration
agreements with BioHopeKing, ABVC may have to seek other sources of financing to fund its operation activities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC and its Subsidiaries may not be successful
in establishing and maintaining additional strategic partnerships, which could adversely affect ABVC&#8217;s ability to develop and commercialize
products, negatively impacting its operating results.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to ABVC&#8217;s current collaboration
with BioHopeKing for selected Asian markets, a part of its strategy is to evaluate and, as deemed appropriate, enter into additional partnerships
in the future with major biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. ABVC&#8217;s products may prove to be difficult to effectively license
out as planned. Various regulatory, commercial and manufacturing factors may impact ABVC&#8217;s ability to seek co-developers of or grow
revenues from licensing out any of the seven products in the pipeline, none of which has been fully licensed out. Specifically, ABVC may
encounter difficulty by virtue of:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its inability to effectively continue clinical studies on and secure positive research results of all of our investigational new drugs to attract additional commercial collaborators outside the U.S.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC faces significant competition in seeking
appropriate partners for its therapeutic candidates, and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. In order for ABVC to successfully
partner its autoimmune, CNS and hematology therapeutic candidates, as well as Vitargus, its medical device, potential partners must view
these medicinal candidates as economically valuable in markets they determine to be attractive in light of the terms that ABVC is seeking
and compared to other available products for licensing by other companies. Even if ABVC is successful in its efforts to establish new
strategic partnerships, the terms that ABVC agrees upon may not be favorable, and it may not be able to maintain such strategic partnerships
if, for example, development or approval of an autoimmune therapeutic is delayed or sales of an approved product are disappointing. Any
delay in entering into new strategic partnership agreements related to any of ABVC&#8217;s therapeutic candidates could delay the development
and commercialization of such candidates and reduce its competitiveness even if it reaches the market.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If ABVC fails to establish and maintain additional
strategic partnerships or collaboration related to its therapeutic candidates that have not been fully licensed, it will bear all of the
risk and costs related to the development of any such drug candidate, and it may need to seek additional financing, hire additional employees
and otherwise develop expertise for which it has not budgeted. This could negatively affect the development of any incompletely partnered
new drug candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s licensors may choose to terminate
any of the license agreements with ABVC. As a result, ABVC&#8217;s research and development of new drug candidates that contain the underlying
API may be terminated abruptly. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioLite materially
breaches any license agreements it has with Yukiguni Maitake Co. (&#8220;Yukiguni&#8221;), Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology
and Development Center (&#8220;MPITDC&#8221;) or Industrial Technology Research Institute (&#8220;ITRI&#8221;), or any of such license
agreement terminates unexpectedly, BioLite may not be able to continue its research and development of the new drug candidate which contains
the underlying API whose license has been terminated. Pursuant to the Yukiguni License Agreement, if BioLite fails to meet the milestone
sales requirement or submit certain applications to the appropriate health authorities on a schedule prescribed therein, Yukiguni shall
have the right to terminate the Yukiguni License Agreement. If the Yukiguni License Agreement is terminated involuntarily, BioLite will
be forced to discontinue its new drug development of ABV-1703, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501 and terminate the collaboration agreements relating
to the three new drug candidates. The termination of the right to use the underlying API will materially disrupt the operations of ABVC.
Pursuant to the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and ITRI, if BioLite Taiwan fails to complete the research submission milestones
according to the schedule set forth therein without reasons or with reasons unstatisfied with ITRI, ITRI shall have the right to terminate
the license agreement with BioLite Taiwan without refund to BioLite Taiwan. BioLite Taiwan and BioLite have submitted the IND for PDC-1421
and subsequently conducted Phase II clinical trials of two drug candidiates developed from PDC-1421 according to the schedule listed in
the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and MPITDC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioLite depends
on one supplier for the API of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501 and any failure of such supplier to deliver sufficient quantities
of the API that meets its quality standard could have a material adverse effect on its research of these four drug candidates.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Currently BioLite relies primarily on Yukiguni,
a Japanese supplier, to provide Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404, the API which is contained in ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501,
four of the seven drug candidates in BioLite&#8217;s oncology/hematology portfolio. It has entered into the Yukiguni License Agreement,
among other things, for the delivery of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. BioLite agrees to fulfill its demand of the Yukiguni Maitake Extract
404 by purchasing first from Yukiguni respecting the therapeutic products and Yukiguni represents that it will provide sufficient quantities
of such API that meets cGMP standards. If the supplies of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 were interrupted for any reason, BioLite&#8217;s
research and development activities of these four drug candidates could be delayed. These delays could be extensive and expensive, especially
in situations where a substitution is not readily available.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite is currently negotiating with another
supplier of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 that is located in Canada. However, there can be no assurance that the negotiation will be successful.
Failure to obtain adequate supplies of high quality Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 in a timely manner could have a disruptive effect on
ABVC and BioLite&#8217;s research and development activities of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501, resulting in a material adverse
effect on the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC may use hazardous chemicals and biological
materials in its business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and
costly. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s research and development may involve
the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals and biological materials. ABVC cannot eliminate the risk of accidental
contamination or discharge and any resulting injury from these materials. ABVC may be sued for any injury or contamination that results
from its use or the use by third parties of these materials, and its liability may exceed any insurance coverage and its total assets.
Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials
and specified waste products, as well as the discharge of pollutants into the environment and human health and safety matters. Although
ABVC makes its best efforts to comply with environmental laws and regulations despite the associated high costs and inconvenience, ABVC
cannot guarantee that it will not mishandle any hazardous materials in the future. If it fails to comply with these requirements or any
improper handling of hazardous materials occurs, it could incur substantial costs, including civil or criminal fines and penalties, clean-up
costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve and maintain compliance. In addition,
ABVC cannot predict the impact on its business of new or amended environmental laws or regulations or any changes in the way existing
and future laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The facilities where the samples of drug
candidates are manufactured need to be maintained and monitored in compliance with the good manufacturing practice standards, the failure
of such maintenance could contaminate the results of our clinical trials and adversely affect our operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioKey operates a laboratory
facility that is a certified good manufacturing practice facility (&#8220;cGMP&#8221;) and some of its contract clinical trial service
providers use cGMP facilities to conduct clinical studies. ABVC cannot be certain that ABVC or its present or future contract manufacturers
or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations and other FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements
may result in, among other things, total or partial suspension of production activities, failure of the FDA to grant approval for marketing,
and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Cybersecurity incidents and decentralization
of documents may hurt the company&#8217;s business, damage its reputation, increase its costs, and cause losses.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The company&#8217;s information technology systems
could be subject to significant cyber security and privacy incidents, including, but not limited to, invasion, inducement (fraudulent
or otherwise) by third parties to obtain information from employees, customers, or suppliers; cyber-attacks; or cybersecurity breaches
caused by third parties as well as employees and others with authorized access. Also, resignation of employees could cost loss of documents
due to the decentralized storage system.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any such incident, whether successful or unsuccessful,
could result in, without limitation, disruption to the company&#8217;s operations; loss or compromise of, or damage to, the company&#8217;s
or any of its customers&#8217; or suppliers&#8217; data, confidential information; significant legal, regulatory, and financial exposure;
damage to the company&#8217;s reputation; significant costs related to rebuilding internal systems, managing company brand and reputation,
litigation, damages, responding to regulatory inquiries, and taking other remedial steps; and a loss of confidence in the security of
the company&#8217;s information technology systems. In each case, that could potentially have an adverse impact on the company&#8217;s
business, including by impairing the company&#8217;s ability to sell its products and services. Because the techniques used to cause these
incidents and gain unauthorized access to, disable, or sabotage the company&#8217;s information technology systems and data stored on
those systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched, the company may be unable to anticipate these techniques
or to implement adequate preventive or protective measures to guard against them. Further, third parties, such as hosted solution providers,
are a source of risk because they could be subject to the same or other similar types of incidents, for example in the event of a failure
of their own systems and infrastructure or if they experience their own privacy or security event, which could create risks similar to
those described above. These third parties could include organizations in the company&#8217;s supply chain, which if subject to an incident,
could adversely impact the company&#8217;s ability to deliver its goods and services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to Intellectual Property</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Pharmaceutical patents and patent applications
involve highly complex legal and factual questions, which, if determined adversely to the Company, could negatively impact its respective
licensors&#8217; patent position and interrupt its research activities. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies
and research institutions can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. The interpretation and breadth of claims
allowed in some patents covering pharmaceutical compositions may be uncertain and difficult to determine, and are often affected materially
by the facts and circumstances that pertain to the patented compositions and the related patent claims. The standards of the U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office, or USPTO, are sometimes uncertain and could change in the future. Consequently, the issuance and scope of patents
cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. U.S. patents and patent applications
may also be subject to interference proceedings, and U.S. patents may be subject to re-examination proceedings, post-grant review and/or
inter parties review in the USPTO. Foreign patents may be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign
patent office, which could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of
one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. In addition, such interference, re-examination, post-grant review, inter
parties review and opposition proceedings may be costly. Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide the Company with
sufficient protection against competitive products or processes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, changes in or different interpretations
of patent laws in the U.S. and foreign countries may permit others to use discoveries of the Company or to develop and commercialize their
new drug candidates without providing any compensation thereto, or may limit the number of patents or claims the Company can obtain. The
laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws and those countries may lack adequate
rules and procedures for defending the intellectual property rights of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company fails to obtain and maintain patent
protection and trade secret protection of its respective products, the Company could lose their competitive advantages and competition
it faces would increase, reducing any potential revenues and adversely affecting its ability to attain or maintain profitability.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Developments in patent law could have a
negative impact on the Company&#8217;s Licensors&#8217; patent positions and the Company&#8217;s business.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, the U.S. Supreme Court, other
federal courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may change the standards of patentability and any such changes could have a negative impact
on the Company&#8217;s business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act,
or the America Invents Act, which was signed into law in 2011, includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These changes
include a transition from a &#8220;first-to-invent&#8221; system to a &#8220;first-to-file&#8221; system, changes the way issued patents
are challenged, and changes the way patent applications are disputed during the examination process. These changes may favor larger and
more established companies that have greater resources to devote to patent application filing and prosecution. The USPTO has developed
regulations and procedures to govern the full implementation of the America Invents Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent
law associated with the America Invents Act, and, in particular, the first-to-file provisions, became effective on March 16, 2013. Substantive
changes to patent law associated with the America Invents Act may affect the Company, BioLite and BioKey&#8217;s ability to obtain patents,
and if obtained, to enforce or defend them. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the America Invents Act will ultimately
have on the cost of prosecuting the Company&#8217;s patent applications, its ability to obtain patents based on its discoveries and its
ability to enforce or defend its patents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company is unable to protect the
confidentiality of its trade secrets, its business and competitive position would be harmed, respectively. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to patent protection, because the
Company operates in the highly technical field of discovery and development of therapies, it relies in part on trade secret protection
in order to protect its proprietary technology and processes. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. The Company has entered
into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with its employees, consultants, outside scientific and commercial collaborators, sponsored
researchers, and other advisors. These agreements generally require that the other party keep confidential and not disclose to third parties
any confidential information developed by the party or made known to the party by the Company during the course of the party&#8217;s relationship
therewith. These agreements also generally provide that inventions conceived by the party in the course of rendering services to the Company
will be ABVC&#8217;s exclusive property. However, these agreements may not be honored and may not effectively assign intellectual property
rights to the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to contractual measures, the Company
tries to protect the confidential nature of its proprietary information using physical and technological security measures. Such measures
may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee or third party with authorized access, provide
adequate protection for the Company. The Company&#8217;s security measures may not prevent an employee or consultant from misappropriating
its trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and recourse it takes against such misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy
to protect the Company&#8217;s interests fully. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can
be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the U.S. may be less willing
to protect trade secrets. Trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner that could prevent legal recourse by the
Company. If the Company&#8217;s confidential or proprietary information, such as the trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated,
or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, its competitive position could be harmed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Third parties may assert that the Company&#8217;s
employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company might employ individuals who were
previously employed at universities or other biopharmaceutical companies, including its competitors or potential competitors. Although
through certain non-disclosure covenants and employment agreements with its officers and employees, the Company tries to ensure that its
employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in the work for the Company, the Company may be
subject to claims that it or its employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual
property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary
to defend against these claims. If the Company fails in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, the Company
may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if the Company is successful in defending against such claims, litigation
could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to the Company&#8217;s management and other employees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s ability to compete may decline
if it does not adequately protect its proprietary rights or if it is barred by the intellectual property rights of others. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s commercial success depends on obtaining
and maintaining proprietary rights to its drug candidates as well as successfully defending these rights against third-party challenges.
ABVC obtains its rights to use and research certain proprietary information to further develop the drug candidates primarily from three
institutions, MPITDC, ITRI and Yukiguni (collectively the &#8220;Licensors&#8221;). These three institutions own the intellectual property
rights in the products that have been licensed to us and may prosecute new patents of the drug candidates that are invented or discovered
within the licensed scope of use under the respective license agreements. ABVC will only be able to protect its new drug candidates from
unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that its valid and enforceable patents, or effectively protected trade secrets and know-how,
cover them.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s ability to obtain new patent protection
for its new drug candidates is uncertain due to a number of factors, including that:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABVC&#8217;s disclosures in patent applications may not be sufficient to meet the statutory requirements for patentability;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 64; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if ABVC has or obtains new patents covering
its new drug candidates, ABVC may still be barred from making, using and selling them because of the patent rights of others. Others may
have filed, and in the future may file, patent applications covering products that are similar or identical to ABVC. There are many issued
U.S. and foreign patents relating to therapeutic products and some of these relate to ABVC&#8217;s new drug candidates. These could materially
affect ABVC&#8217;s ability to develop its drug candidates. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently
pending applications unknown to ABVC that may later result in issued patents that its new drug candidates may infringe. These patent applications
may have priority over patent applications filed by ABVC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company and its respective licensors
may not be able to enforce their intellectual property rights throughout the world. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The laws of some foreign countries do not protect
intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting
and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of some countries, particularly developing
countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, especially those relating to pharmaceuticals
and medical devices. This could make it difficult for the Company and its respective licensors to stop the infringement of some of the
Licensors&#8217; patents, or the misappropriation of their other intellectual property rights. For example, many foreign countries have
compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability
of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited
or no benefit. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time-consuming process
with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, the Company and its licensors have chosen in the past and may choose in the future not to seek patent
protection in certain countries, and as a result the Company will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries. Moreover,
the Company may choose in the future not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and as a result it will not have the benefit
of patent protection in such countries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Proceedings to enforce the Company&#8217;s and
its licensors&#8217; patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert its efforts and attention from
other aspects of the businesses. Accordingly, the efforts to protect the Company&#8217;s intellectual property rights in such countries
may be inadequate. In addition, changes in the law and legal decisions by courts in the U.S. and foreign countries may affect the Company&#8217;s
ability to obtain adequate protection for its technology and the enforcement of intellectual property.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Regulatory Risks Relating to Biopharmaceutical Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>The Company is subject to various government regulations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic
and diagnostic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. These laws require
approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containing
manufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the
product for each use sought, including adherence to current PIC/S Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal products during production
and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The products the Company is currently developing
will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior to its commercialization.
The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and time-consuming, and there can be no assurance that future products will
be successfully developed and will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicable regulatory approvals. Markets
other than the U.S. have similar restrictions. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses
and difficulties which we may encounter in view of the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 65; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company cannot be certain that it will
be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, any of its current or future product candidates. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may not be able to develop any current
or future product candidates. The Company&#8217;s new drug candidates will require substantial additional clinical development, testing,
and regulatory approval before the commencement of commercialization. The clinical trials of the Company&#8217;s drug candidates are,
and the manufacturing and marketing of our new drug candidates will be subject to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous
government authorities in the U.S. and in other countries where the Company intend to test and, if approved, market any new drug candidate.
Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate, the Company must demonstrate through pre-clinical
testing and clinical trials that the product candidate is safe and effective for use in each target indication. This process can take
many years and may include post-marketing studies and surveillance, which will require the expenditure of substantial resources. Of the
large number of drugs in development in the U.S., only a small percentage successfully completes the FDA regulatory approval process and
is commercialized. Accordingly, even if the Company is able to obtain the requisite financing to continue to fund its development and
clinical programs, it cannot assure the investors that any of the product candidates will be successfully developed or commercialized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is not permitted to market a therapeutic
product in the U.S. until it receives approval of an NDA or ANDA, for that product from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until they
receive the requisite approval from such countries. Obtaining approval of an NDA is a complex, lengthy, expensive and uncertain process,
and the FDA may delay, limit or deny approval of any product candidate for many reasons, including, among others:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 66; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These same risks apply to applicable foreign regulatory
agencies from which the Company, through BioLite, may seek approval for any of our new drug candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any of these factors, many of which are beyond
the Company&#8217;s control, could jeopardize its ability to obtain regulatory approval for and successfully market any new drug candidate.
As a result, any such setback in the Company&#8217;s pursuit of initial or additional regulatory approval would have a material adverse
effect on its business and prospects.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not successfully complete
pre-clinical and Phase I and II clinical development, it will be unable to receive full payments under their respective collaboration
agreements, find future collaborators or partners to take the drug candidates to Phase III clinical trials. Even if the Company successfully
completes all Phase I and II clinical trials, those results are not necessarily predictive of results of additional trials that may be
needed before an NDA for Phase III trials may be submitted to the FDA. Although there are a large number of drugs in development in the
U.S. and other countries, only a very small percentage result in commercialization, and even fewer achieve widespread physician and consumer
acceptance following the regulatory approval.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Company may encounter delays
or drug candidate rejections based on new governmental regulations, future legislative or administrative actions, or changes in FDA policy
or interpretation during the period of product development. If the Company obtains required regulatory approvals, such approvals may later
be withdrawn. Delays or failures in obtaining regulatory approvals may result in:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Furthermore, if the Company fails to comply with
applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements at any stage during this regulatory process, the Company may encounter or be subject
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 67; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company faces substantial competition
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receiving approval for, or commercializing products before or more successfully than the Company. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company competes with companies that research,
develop, manufacture and market already-existing and new pharmaceutical products in the fields of CNS, hematology/oncology and autoimmune.
The Company anticipates that it will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market with new drugs and/or
technologies and/or their competitors improve their current products. One or more of their competitors may offer new drugs superior to
the Company&#8217;s and render the Company&#8217;s drugs uneconomical. A lot of the Company&#8217;s current competitors, as well as many
of its respective potential competitors, have greater name recognition, more substantial intellectual property portfolios, longer operating
histories, significantly greater resources to invest in new drug development, more substantial experience in product marketing and new
product development, greater regulatory expertise, more extensive manufacturing capabilities and the distribution channels to deliver
products to customers. If the Company is not able to compete successfully, it may not generate sufficient revenue to become profitable.
The Company&#8217;s ability to compete successfully will depend largely on its ability to:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Established pharmaceutical companies devote significant
financial resources to discovering, developing or licensing novel compounds that could make the Company&#8217;s products and product candidates
obsolete. Our competitors may obtain patent protection, receive FDA approval, and commercialize medicines before we do. Other companies
are or may become engaged in the discovery of compounds or botanical materials that may compete with the drug candidates the Company is
developing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company competes with a large number of well-established
pharmaceutical companies that may have more resources than the Company does in developing therapeutics in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology
and ophthalmology.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any new drug candidate the Company is developing
or commercializing that competes with a currently-approved product must demonstrate compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability
and/or safety in order to address price competition and be commercially successful. If the Company is not able to compete effectively
against its current and future competitors, its business will not grow and its financial condition and operations will suffer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Relating to Doing Business Outside the
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Because part of ABVC&#8217;s pharmaceutical
research and development is conducted outside of the U.S., the Company is subject to the risks of doing business internationally, including
periodic foreign economic downturns and political instability, which may adversely affect the Company&#8217;s revenue and cost of doing
business in Taiwan.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC collaborates with partners whose primary
place of business is in Taiwan, Republic of China and the Company has certain key employees in Taiwan. Foreign economic downturns may
affect our results of operations in the future. Additionally, other facts relating to the operation of the Company&#8217;s business outside
of the U.S. may have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations, including:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 68; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As the Company continues to operate its business
globally, its success will depend in part, on its ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. The impact of any one or more
of these factors could materially adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company may be exposed to liabilities
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is subject to the FCPA, and other
laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments, foreign government officials and political parties
by U.S. persons as defined by the statute for purposes of obtaining or retaining businesses. The Company may have agreements with third
parties who may make sales in mainland China and the U.S., during the process of which the Company may be exposed to corruption. Activities
in Taiwan create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by an employee, consultant or agent of the Company, because these
parties are not always subject to the Company&#8217;s control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Although the Company believes to date it has complied
in all material aspects with the provisions of the FCPA and Chinese anti-corruption law, the existing safeguards and any future improvements
may prove to be less than effective and any of the Company&#8217;s employees, consultants or agents may engage in corruptive conduct for
which the Company might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anti-corruption law may result in severe criminal or civil
sanctions against the Company and individuals and therefore could negatively affect the Company&#8217;s business, operating results and
financial condition. In addition, the Taiwanese government may seek to hold the Company liable as a successor for FCPA violations committed
by companies in which the Company invests or acquires.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>International operations expose the Company
to currency exchange and repatriation risks, and the Company cannot predict the effect of future exchange rate fluctuations on its business
and operating results.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has business operations in Taiwan
and collaborative activities in the U.S. and Japan. Substantial amounts of revenues are received and expenses are incurred in New Taiwan
Dollars and U.S. dollars. Thus, the Company has exposure to currency fluctuations. The Company cannot assure you that the effect of currency
exchange fluctuations will not materially affect its revenues and net income in the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We conduct our operations internationally
and the effect of business, legal and political risks associated with international operations may seriously harm our business.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Sales to customers outside the United States accounted
for 100% and 93% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our international sales and operations are subject to a
wide range of risks, which may vary from country to country or region to region. These risks include the following:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 69; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States and European countries;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United States and foreign trade restrictions, including those that may limit the importation of technology or components to or from various countries or impose tariffs or quotas; and</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We cannot assure you that risks relating to our
international operations will not seriously harm our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company becomes directly subject
to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources
to investigate and resolve the matters. Any unfavorable results from the investigations could harm our business operations, this offering
and our reputation.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially
all of their operations in China, have been subjects of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators
and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting
irregularities, lack of effective internal control over financial accountings, inadequate corporate governance and ineffective implementation
thereof and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of enhanced scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded
stocks of many U.S.-listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless or illiquid.
Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations
into the allegations. It is not clear what effects the sector-wide investigations will have on the Company. If the Company becomes a subject
of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, the Company will have to expend significant
resources to investigate such allegations and defend the Company. If such allegations were not proven to be baseless, the Company would
be severely hampered and the price of the stock of the Company could decline substantially. If such allegations were proven to be groundless,
the investigation might have significantly distracted the attention of the Company&#8217;s management.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Financial
Condition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our existing indebtedness may adversely
affect our ability to obtain additional funds and may increase our vulnerability to economic or business downturns. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are subject to a number of risks associated with our indebtedness,
including: 1) we must dedicate a portion of our cash flows from operations to pay debt service costs, and therefore we have less funds
available for operations and other purposes; 2) it may be more difficult and expensive to obtain additional funds through financings,
if available at all; 3) we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and fluctuations in interest rates, less able to withstand competitive
pressures and less flexible in reacting to changes in our industry and general economic conditions; and 4) if we default under any of
our existing credit facilities or if our creditors demand payment of a portion or all of our indebtedness, we may not have sufficient
funds to make such payments. As of December 31, 2024, our working capital is in deficit of $4.4 million, consisting of outstanding current
liabilities were approximately $6.6 million, which consisted primarily of short-term bank loans and accrued expenses.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 70; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Failure to remediate a material weakness
in internal accounting controls could result in material misstatements in our financial statements. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management has identified a material weakness
in our internal control over financial reporting related to not having sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with appropriate level
of technical accounting knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
commensurate with the Company&#8217;s financial reporting requirements and has concluded that, due to such material weakness, our disclosure
controls and procedures were not effective &#160;as of December 31, 2024. Due to such material weakness, we were unable to maintain effective
disclosure controls over financial reporting, which did result in material misstatements in our financial statements and led to a restatement.
If not remediated, or if we identify additional material weaknesses, our failure to maintain effective internal controls could continue
to adversely impact our ability to meet our reporting and financial obligations and could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and the trading price of our common stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Failure to maintain the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures has led to a misstatement in our financial statements and a restatement. If we do not remediate
the identified material weakness and continue to lack effective internal controls, we may be unable to prevent additional errors or misstatements
in the future, which could harm our operating results, subject us to regulatory scrutiny or sanctions, cause investors to lose confidence
in our reported financial information, and negatively impact the market price of our common stock.</i></b></p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) have requirements that we may fail to meet or we may fall out of compliance with, such as the internal controls
auditor attestation required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with which we are not currently required to comply as
we are a smaller reporting company. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified,
supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective
internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Moreover, effective internal
controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important
to help prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results
could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our stock could drop
significantly.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our articles of incorporation allow for
our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our shareholders, which could adversely affect the rights
of the holders of our Common Stock. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix
and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock without shareholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors
could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation,
the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of Common Stock and the right to the redemption
of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of our Common Stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize
the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our Common Stock or that is convertible into our Common
Stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our Common Stock or result in dilution to our existing shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may create any additional series of preferred
stock and issue such shares in the future although we do not have any present intention of doing so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may not be able to secure financing needed
for future operating needs on acceptable terms, or on any terms at all.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, we may seek additional financing
to provide the capital required to expand our production facilities, Research and development (&#8220;R&amp;D&#8221;) initiatives and/or
working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient to do so.&#160;We cannot predict with
certainty the timing or amount of any such capital requirements.&#160;If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may
be unable to expand our business or to develop new business at the rate desired.&#160;If we are able to incur debt, we may be subject
to certain restrictions imposed by the terms of the debt and the repayment of such debt may limit our cash flow and growth.&#160;If we
are unable to incur debt, we may be forced to issue additional equity, which could have a dilutive effect on our current shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 71; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our internal computer systems, or those
of our third-party contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, which could result in a material disruption of our
product development programs. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Despite the implementation of security measures,
our internal computer systems and those of our third-party contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses,
unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. While we do not believe that we
have experienced any such system failure, accident, or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions
in our operations, it could result in a loss of clinical trial data for our new drug candidates which could result in delays in our regulatory
approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security
breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications or other data or applications relating to our technology or new drug
candidates, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liabilities and the further development
of our product candidates could be delayed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The elimination of personal liability against
our directors and officers under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights held by our directors, officers and employees
may result in substantial expenses. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC Bylaws eliminate the personal liability of
our directors and officers to us and our shareholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer to the extent
permissible under Nevada law. Further, our Bylaws provide that we are obligated to indemnify each of our directors or officers to the
fullest extent authorized by Nevada law and, subject to certain conditions, advance the expenses incurred by any director or officer in
defending any action, suit or proceeding prior to its final disposition. Those indemnification obligations could expose us to substantial
expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors or officers, which we may be unable to afford. Further,
those provisions and resulting costs may discourage us or our shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against any of our current or former
directors or officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, even if such actions might otherwise benefit our shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Common
Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The share price of our Common Stock is volatile
and may be influenced by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There is currently only a limited public market
for our Common Stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance that a trading market will develop further
or be maintained for our Common Stock in the future. The trading price of our Common Stock is likely to be highly volatile, and could
be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed
in this &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section and elsewhere in this report, these factors include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our decision to initiate a clinical trial, not to initiate a clinical trial or to terminate an existing clinical trial;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual or anticipated adverse results or delays in our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our failure to get any of our new drug candidates approved;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unanticipated serious safety and environmental concerns related to the use and research activities of any of our new drug candidates;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 72; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">overall performance of the equity markets and other factors that may be unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors, including changes in market valuations of similar companies;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">introduction of new products offered by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to maintain an adequate rate of growth and manage such growth;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issuances of debt or equity securities by us;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales of our securities by us or our shareholders in the future, or the perception that such sales could occur;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">trading volume of our Common Stock;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ineffectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">general political and economic conditions in U.S. and other countries and territories where we conduct our business;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events; and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">adverse regulatory decisions;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates, including without limitation clinical trial requirements for approvals;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">disputes or other developments relating to patents and other proprietary rights and our ability to obtain protection for our products;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our dependence on third parties, including CROs and scientific and medical advisors;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure to meet or exceed any financial guidance or expectations regarding development milestones that we may provide to the public;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the stock market in general, and
the stocks of small-cap healthcare, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry
factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The realization of
any of the above risks or any of a broad range of other risks, including those described in these &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; could have
a dramatic and material adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Insiders have substantial control over us,
and they could delay or prevent a change in our corporate control even if our other shareholders wanted it to occur.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our executive officers, directors, and principal
shareholders own, in the aggregate, approximately 61.4% of our outstanding Common Stock.&#160;As a result of their stockholdings, these
shareholders are able to assert substantial control over matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and
approval of significant corporate transactions.&#160;This could delay or prevent an outside party from acquiring or merging with us even
if our other shareholders wanted it to occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The market price of our Common Stock may
be volatile</i>&#160;and&#160;<i>there may not be sufficient liquidity in the market for our securities in order for investors to sell
their securities.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The market price of our Common Stock has been
and will likely continue to be highly volatile, as is the stock market in general. Factors that may materially affect the market price
of our Common Stock are beyond our control, these factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless
of our performance.&#160;&#160;In addition, the public stock markets have experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility.&#160;These
broad market fluctuations may influence the market price of our Common Stock. There is currently only a limited public market for our
Common Stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance that a trading market will develop further or
be maintained in the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The stock markets have experienced extreme price
and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies, including
very recently in connection with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in decreased stock prices for many companies notwithstanding
the lack of a fundamental change in their underlying business models or prospects. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate
to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors, including potentially worsening economic conditions
and other adverse effects or developments relating to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, political, regulatory and other market conditions,
may negatively affect the market price of shares of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The market price
of shares of our common stock may decline and you may lose some or all of your investment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have not paid dividends in the past and
do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our shares.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never paid any cash dividends on our Common
Stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value
of our Common Stock. We plan to retain any future earnings to finance growth.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under applicable Nevada law, we, as a Nevada corporation,
generally may not make a distribution if i) we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business,
or ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved
at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior
to those receiving the distribution.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If securities or industry analysts do not
publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and any trading volume could decline.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any trading market for our Common Stock that may
develop will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. As of the
date of this Report, there is only 1 published research report about our business.&#160; If securities or industry analysts provide additional
coverage, and one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our
stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly,
demand for our Common Stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and any trading volume to decline.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Future sales and issuances of our Common
Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plan or otherwise, could result in dilution of the
percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause our stock price to fall. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We expect that we will need significant additional
capital in the future to continue our planned operations. To raise capital, we may sell Common Stock, convertible securities or other
equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell Common Stock, convertible
securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, including issuance of equity securities pursuant to any future stock
incentive plan to our officers, directors, employees and non-employee consultants for their services to us, investors in a prior transaction
may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Additionally, any such sales may result in material dilution to our existing shareholders,
and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our Common Stock. Further, any future sales
of our Common Stock by us or resales of our Common Stock by our existing shareholders could cause the market price of our Common Stock
to decline. Any future grants of options, warrants or other securities exercisable or convertible into our Common Stock, or the exercise
or conversion of such shares, and any sales of such shares in the market, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common
Stock. On October 29, 2021, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3, as amended on November 16, 2021, which was declared effective
on November 29, 2021. On May 11, 2022, we agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a price of
$2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share pursuant
to certain securities purchase agreement dated May 11, 2022, which was effected as a takedown off the Company&#8217;s shelf registration
statement on Form S-3, as amended. We also issued the co-placement agents warrants to purchase up to 160,000 shares of Common Stock, on
the same terms as the investors warrants in connection with the transaction. We may issue shares of Common Stock through the Form S-3
in the future, which would further dilute your ownership.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our Common Stock may be subject to the &#8220;penny
stock&#8221; rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which may make it more difficult for shareholders to sell our Common Stock.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes
the definition of a &#8220;penny stock,&#8221; for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less
than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require that
a broker or dealer approve a person&#8217;s account for transactions in penny stocks, and the broker or dealer receive from the investor
a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In order to approve a person&#8217;s account for
transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person,
and make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge
and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior
to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight
form sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination, and that the broker or dealer received a signed,
written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute
transactions in securities subject to the &#8220;penny stock&#8221; rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of
the Company&#8217;s Common Stock if and when such shares are eligible for sale and may cause a decline in the market value of its stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Disclosure also has to be made about the risks
of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer
and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases
of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock
held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our failure to meet the continued listing
requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our Common Stock</i>.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements
of the Nasdaq Capital Market, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, the Nasdaq Capital
Market may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock
and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required
for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;). Under the
Nasdaq Listing Rules, we have until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance. Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested
and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, the Company received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;)
notifying the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives
of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq
Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s
stockholders&#8217; equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or
until July 10, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023,Nasdaq granted
the Company an extension until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000
shares of Common Stock and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant
to this transaction, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50
per share and the holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased
by $0.5M. Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu)
Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui
in exchange for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4M.&#160;&#160;&#160;On
February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind
Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment.&#160;On
August 24, 2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance
of 176,678 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698
per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such
that as of September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the
stockholders&#8217; equity increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217; estimated
that its stockholders&#8217; equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company
is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the Company does not
evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="background-color: white">On July
10, 2024, the Company received a notification letter from the Staff notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its
common shares has been below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum
bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of
the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance.
If at any time during such 180-day period the closing bid price of the Company&#8217;s common shares is at least $1 for a minimum of 10
consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide the Company written confirmation of compliance. If the Company does not regain compliance
during such 180-day period, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar days, provided that the Company meets the continued
listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for Nasdaq except for Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2), and provide a written notice of its intention to cure this deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting
a reverse stock split, if necessary.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If our common stock were delisted from the Nasdaq,
trading of our common stock would most likely take place on an over-the-counter market established for unlisted securities, such as the
OTCQB or the Pink Market maintained by OTC Markets Group Inc. An investor would likely find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate
quotations in seeking to buy, our common stock on an over-the-counter market, and many investors would likely not buy or sell our common
stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national
exchange or other reasons. In addition, as a delisted security, our common stock would be subject to SEC rules as a &#8220;penny stock,&#8221;
which impose additional disclosure requirements on broker-dealers. The regulations relating to penny stocks, coupled with the typically
higher cost per trade to the investor of penny stocks due to factors such as broker commissions generally representing a higher percentage
of the price of a penny stock than of a higher-priced stock, would further limit the ability of investors to trade in our common stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the event of a delisting, we anticipate that
we would take actions to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange&#8217;s listing requirements,
but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our Common Stock to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market,
stabilize our market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq Capital
Market&#8217;s minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange&#8217;s
listing requirements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We will continue to incur significant increased
costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements
as a result of our Common Stock being listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will continue to incur significant increased
costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements
of the Nasdaq Capital Market. As a public company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are
subject to mandatory reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which require, among other things, that we continue to file with the
SEC annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition, that we were not required to file as a
voluntary reporting company (though we did file such reports with the SEC on a voluntary basis). We have incurred and will continue to
incur costs associated with the preparation and filing of these SEC reports. Furthermore, we are subject to mandatory new corporate governance
and other compliance requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented
by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange have
imposed various other requirements on public companies. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the current high level
of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to
additional compliance costs and impact (in ways we cannot currently anticipate) the way we operate our business. Our management and other
personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have
and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, if and when we cease to be a smaller
reporting company and become subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to furnish an attestation report
on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section
404 within the prescribed time period, we will continue to be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over
financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to dedicate substantially greater internal resources,
potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial
reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented
and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there
is a risk that our independent registered public accounting firm, when required, will not be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe
that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in
the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_004"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not applicable to us since we are not an accelerated
filer, a large accelerated filer or a well-known seasoned issuer under SEC rules.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_005"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to establish&#160;an appropriate confidentiality
framework and adhere to relevant document management regulations. The Company and its employees are also required to sign confidentiality
agreements for purposes including ensuring cybersecurity. As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any material risks from cybersecurity
threats, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results
of operations, or financial condition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_006"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 2. PROPERTIES</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Subsidiary BioLite has its laboratories located
in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, with an address of 2nd Floor, No. 20, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan
(R.O.C.). On January 1, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered into a lease agreement with the National Science Park Administrative Office (Hsinchu
City) under which it rents two dormitory buildings in Hsinchu County, Taiwan for a period of five years. The aggregate leasing area amounts
to approximately 678 square meters (equivalent to approximately 7,298 square feet) on the second floor of the building. The leased space
counts for approximately 1.9% of the total space of the building. On January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2024, BioLite Taiwan extended the
contract for another five and five years respectively. The new expiration date is on December 31, 2029. The rent increases by a small
percentage each year during the term of the lease agreement. BioLite paid $48,406 and $50,572 in rental expense for the laboratory space
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another subsidiary BioKey is headquartered in
Fremont, California. BioKey&#8217;s office lease will end on February 28, 2026 and the office occupies approximately 28,186 square feet.
BioKey&#8217;s space consists of offices, research and production laboratories, and manufacturing facilities, which are GMP certified.
BioKey has an option to extend the lease for its offices in Fremont for a period of five years commencing February 28, 2026, and BioKey
may exercise this option for 5 more years. The total BioKey&#8217;s rental expenses were $421,894 and $353,466 for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_007"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless disclosed otherwise, we&#160;are currently
not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending legal or administrative proceedings against
us.&#160;We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our
business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_008"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not applicable</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_009"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART II</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_010"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT&#8217;S COMMON
EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Market Information</b>. As of December 31,
2024, our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), is currently quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Markets
under the symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221;.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Holders</b>. As of April 11, 2025, we had approximately 656 shareholders
of record of our common stock.&#160;</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dividends</b>. Holders of our common stock
are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. No dividends on our common stock have ever been paid,
and we do not anticipate that dividends will be paid on our common stock in the foreseeable future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities</b>.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the period covered by this report, the
Company has not issued unregistered securities to any person, except as described below. None of these transactions involved any underwriters,
underwriting discounts or commissions, except as specified below, or any public offering, and, unless otherwise indicated below, the Registrant
believes that each transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the&#160;Securities Act&#160;by virtue of Section 4(a)(2)
thereof and/or Rule&#160;506&#160;of&#160;Regulation D&#160;promulgated thereunder, and/or&#160;Regulation S&#160;promulgated thereunder
regarding offshore offers and sales. All recipients had adequate access, though their relationships with the Registrant, to information
about the Registrant. All following number of shares are post-split.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In January 2022, the Company agreed to pay the
deferred service fees related to the public offering closed on August 5, 2021 amounting to $4,296,763 by issuing 130,601 shares of unrestricted
common shares, valued at $32.9 per share on the grant date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2022, the Company issued 7,500 shares
to BarLew Holdings, LLC, a consultant (&#8220;Barlew&#8221;). On January 1, 2022, the Company engaged Barlew for consulting and advisory
services for six months, with a monthly payment of USD15,000, as well as additional compensation of 7,500 shares of restricted common
stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2022, the Company issued 24,225 warrants
to a FINRA member firm.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2022, the Company and certain investors
entered into certain securities purchase agreement relating to the offer and sale of&#160;200,000&#160;shares of common stock, par value
$0.001&#160;per share in a registered direct offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 10, 2022, the Board approved the issuance
of 7,500 shares of common stock to Barlew Holdings, LLC pursuant to the consulting agreement by and between Barlew Holdings, LLC and the
Company dated July 1, 2022, and 25,000 shares of common stock to Inverlew Advisors, LLC, in accordance with the consulting agreement by
and between Inverlew Advisors, LLC and the Company dated July 1, 2022.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On December 1, 2022, the Company issued 12,5000
and 10,000 common shares to Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. and Thalia Media Ltd. for consulting and advisory services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 22,341 common shares to a consultant
for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into that
certain securities purchase agreement relating to the offer and sale of 300,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, the pre-funded warrants were exercised.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a
cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company acquired 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel of the land
owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China (collectively, the &#8220;Property&#8221;). During the third quarter of 2023, the Company
issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate of 370,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87. The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 27, 2024, the company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, with an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These
shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to
which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company
(the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). In consideration for the Land, the Company issued Shuling (i) 703,495 restricted shares of t</span>he
Company&#8217;s common stock (<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per
share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00
per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company.
On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders
to terminate the Agreement and not proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later
date. The shares were returned and the warrants were not issued.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On May 24, 2024, the Company issued 200,000 shares of common stock
to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In June 2024, the Company entered into a stock
purchase agreement with an investor, which the Company will issue 41,387 shares of common stock at $0.75 per share to the investor for
cash. As of December 31, 2024, the proceeds were received. Due to certain stock transfer processes, one of the Company&#8217;s shareholders
transferred such shares to the investor on behalf of the company in July 2024; the company plans to issue the same number of shares to
the transferring shareholder soon.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In July 2024, the Company entered into an agreement
with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through July 2024,
in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares were issued
on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent, 45,293 shares
on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025, we issued 28,135
shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2024, the Company issued 117,277 shares
of its common stock to employees as compensation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private offering
of its common stock to several individual non-US investors, issuing an aggregate of 502,081 unregistered shares of common stock at $0.60
per share, raising a total of $301,250.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_011"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM&#160;6. [Reserved]</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_012"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM&#160;7.</b>&#160; <b>MANAGEMENT&#8217;S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>The following discussion and analysis of our
financial condition and result of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the
notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves
numerous risks and uncertainties contained in this report and the other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our
actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From its inception, the Company has not generated
substantial revenue from its medical device and new drug development. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company generated $509,589
in revenue, mainly from the outlicensing our intellectual property and providing Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization
(&#8220;CDMO&#8221;) services.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business</b>&#160;<b>Overview</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma Inc., which was incorporated under
the laws of the State of Nevada on February 6, 2002, is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on development of new drugs
and medical devices, all of which are derived from plants.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Medicines derived from plants have a long history
of relieving or preventing many diseases and, typically, have exhibited fewer side effects than drugs developed from animals or chemical
ingredients. Perhaps the most famous example is aspirin, which evolved from a compound found in the bark and leaves of the willow tree
and was later marketed by Bayer starting in 1899. Aspirin has very few serious side effects and has proven to be one of the most successful
drugs in medical history. Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds in the rosy periwinkle, which Eli Lilly subsequently
produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease. Other well-known examples of successful botanical drugs include the cancer-fighting
Taxol, isolated from the Pacific yew tree.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company develops its pipeline by carefully
tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease
animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other specialists known to the Company
to identify drugs that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s internal qualifications. Once a drug is
shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization, BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from
the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly respected principal investigators in the United States,
Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, we have found that research institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with
the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Currently, institutions conducting&#160;phase II clinical trials in
partnership with ABVC include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus<sup>&#174;</sup> in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp; East Melbourne Retina, Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase II, NCE drug Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D.,&#160;University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. &#8211;&#160;Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of the Phase II trial,
the Company will seek a partner &#8211; a large pharmaceutical company &#8211; to complete a Phase III study, submit the New Drug Application
(NDA), and commercialize the drug upon approval by the FDA and Taiwan FDAs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another part of the Company&#8217;s business is
conducted by BioKey, a wholly owned subsidiary, that is engaged in a wide range of services, including, API characterization, pre-formulation
studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical
trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 21, 2023, Dr. Howard Doong resigned from
his position as the Company&#8217;s CEO. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the
Company&#8217;s CEO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement
with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property
and a parcel of the land (collectively, the &#8220;Property&#8221;) owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of
Common Stock at $1.87 per share (the &#8220;Zhonghui Shares&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Zhonghui plan to jointly develop
the Property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the areas of ABVCs&#8217; special interests,
such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base for the China market and global development
of these interests. The asset ownership certification is in the application process and pending approval from the Chinese government.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the third quarter of 2023, the Company
issued the Zhonghui Shares. The Zhonghui Shares are subject to a lock-up period of one year following the closing date of this Transaction.
In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the shares issued
or the value of the Property increase or decrease, the parties will negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments thereto; provided,
however that in no event shall Zhonghui&#8217;s ownership exceed 19.99% of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a binding
term sheet with Xinnovation Therapeutics Co., Ltd., a Company incorporated under the Law of People&#8217;s Republic of China. The term
sheet contemplates that, pursuant to definitive agreements, Xinnovation will be granted an exclusive license to develop, manufacture,
market, and distribute ABV-1504 for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and ABV-1505 for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, in the
Chinese market and shall bear the costs for clinical trials and product registration in China and the Company would receive an initial
license fee and royalty payments ranging from 5% to 12% based on the projected annual net sales of the licensed drugs by Xinnovation in
China. This transaction remains subject to the negotiation of definitive documents and therefore there is no guarantee that this transaction
will occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries, BioLite,
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite&#8217;s
CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and
distribution rights. The Licensed Products for MDD and ADHD, owned by ABVC and BioLite, were valued at $667 million by a third-party evaluation.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock at $10 per share, and if certain milestones
are met, each of ABVC and BioLite may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. Upon the issuance
of the shares, AiBtl became a subsidiary of ABVC. On June 23, 2024, the Company and BioLite, each entered into an amendment to the licensing
agreement with AiBtl, pursuant to which the Company and BioLite have agreed to allow AiBtl to pay the second milestone payment in the
amount of $3,500,000 per licensing agreement, incrementally (such as $50,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land
she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board of directors determined that it was in the best
interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company
may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and the warrants were not issued.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company, and one of its
co-development partners, BioFirst Corporation, a company registered in Taiwan (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), each entered into a twenty-year,
global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation, a company registered in
the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology pipeline, including
Vitargus (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed Products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000
Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement and $625,000 30 days following the completion of
Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based on the Net Sales,
as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee.
Oncox entered into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Marketsfor 20 years (the &#8220;May
2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at
$5 per share1) within 30 days of entering into the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash
after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as
defined in the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative
Breast Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years
(the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox
Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit
Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered
into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Biolite, Inc.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share4) 30 days
after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round
of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and
deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first commercial
sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Use of acquired land</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC acquired the real estate described above
for the long-term purpose of supporting its pipeline of products and reducing costs. As per FDA guidelines, the raw material of botanical
drugs must be grown in a specific area under Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) or in an environmentally fully controlled plant factory
to maintain quality. By acquiring land, ABVC plans to grow its botanical drug raw materials under its control; doing this will help the
Company maintain the quality of the product and lower the cost of raw materials, which in turn will lower the cost of the drug substance
and the drug product when its botanical drugs become commercialized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Common Stock Reverse Split</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder Meeting
held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per
share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. Unless otherwise noted, all shares and
related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days,
the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital
Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A),
we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2). Since the Company did not regain compliance
by such date, it requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The deficiency has no immediate effect on the
listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock, and its common stock continues to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221;
at this time.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time before August 14, 2023, the bid
price of the Company&#8217;s common stock closes at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, the Staff will
provide written confirmation that the Company has achieved compliance and the matter will be closed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not regain compliance with
Rule 5550(a)(2) by August 14, 2023, the Staff will provide written notification that the Company&#8217;s securities will be delisted,
although the Company maintains the right to appeal such determination. The Company intends to actively monitor the closing bid price for
its common stock and will consider available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 8, 2023, the Company received a notification
letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that for 10 consecutive business days, from July 25, 2023 to August
7, 2023, the closing bid price of the Company&#8217;s common stock has been at least $1.00 per share or greater. Accordingly, the Staff
determined that the Company regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and indicated that the matter is now closed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter from the Nasdaq Listing
Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying the Company that it
is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market value of listed
securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1)
requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217; equity
was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023, to submit
a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023, Nasdaq granted the Company an extension until
August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and 200,000
pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the stockholders&#8217;
equity was increased by $1.75 million. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the holder received
142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $0.5M. Additionally, on
August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant
to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate
of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4 million. On February 23, 2023,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note
in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;),
that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment.&#160;On August
24, 2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of
176,678 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698
per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such
that as of September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the
stockholders&#8217; equity increased by an additional $1 million. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217;
estimated that its stockholders&#8217; equity would increase by approximately $10.65 million. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter
that the Company is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the
Company does not evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 10, 2024, the Company received a notification
letter from the Staff notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. If at any time during such 180-day period the closing
bid price of the Company&#8217;s common shares is at least $1 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide the Company
written confirmation of compliance. If the Company does not regain compliance during such 180-day period, the Company may be eligible
for an additional 180 calendar days, provided that the Company meets the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held
shares and all other initial listing standards for Nasdaq except for Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), and provide a written notice of its
intention to cure this deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Recent Research Results</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus&#174; Phase II Study has been initiated
in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind
Hospital of the two Thailand sites and Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group
&amp; East Melbourne Retina of the two Australian sites. The Phase II study has started in the 2<sup>nd</sup> quarter of 2023. The company
is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational product.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). Designated ABV-2002 under the Company&#8217;s product identification system, the solution
is comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery
storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within
the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents
donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial
properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. Further clinical development task was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing agreements BioFirst maintains with domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, BioFirst&#8217;s
main research and development product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;), licensed by the National Health Research Institutes.
Vitargus is the world&#8217;s first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes
by minimizing medical complications and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 12, 2022, the Company announced the enrollment
progress in the Phase II Part II clinical study of the company&#8217;s ADHD medicine (ABV-1505). Since the first-treated subject reported
on May 10, 2022, a total of sixty-nine (69) subjects have been enrolled in the study, including 50 who have completed the 56-day treatment.
The study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study entitled &#8220;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421
Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part II, is expected to eventually involve approximately
100 patients. Five prestigious research hospitals in Taiwan and the research hospital at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
are participating in the study which is a continuation of the Phase II part 1 study of ABV-1505 completed successfully at UCSF and accepted
by the U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration in October of 2020. The UCSF Medical Center Institutional Review Board has approved participation
in the Part II study, and the site initiation visit was conducted in March 2023.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Public Offering &amp; Financings</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2025 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the first quarter of 2025, the Company continued
to strategically manage its outstanding convertible debt obligations with Lind Global Fund II, LP. In connection with the Senior Convertible
Promissory Note issued in November 2023 (2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company has successfully completed all conversions through equity
issuances, thereby extinguishing the remaining principal balance. As of the date of this filing, only the corresponding cash components
for four prior conversions remain to be settled, which the Company intends to address through the exercise of outstanding warrants&#8212;demonstrating
a proactive and non-dilutive repayment approach. Additionally, for the Senior Convertible Promissory Note issued in January 2024 (3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company has reduced the outstanding balance to $600,000, following two equity conversions of $200,000 each. The remaining
cash obligations for these conversions are also expected to be fulfilled in a similar warrant-based strategy, although no definitive agreement
has been entered as of the date hereof and there is no guarantee that a definitive agreement will be entered. These steps reflect the
Company&#8217;s commitment to meeting its obligations while preserving long-term shareholder value and capitalizing on structured equity
mechanisms to support operational continuity and financial health.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter
agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing
Warrants (the number of warrants so exercised is herein referred to as the &#8220;Outstanding Exercised Warrants&#8221;) to purchase shares
of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. Other than the Outstanding
Exercised Warrants, the exercise price of the remaining warrants held by Lind remained unchanged. Pursuant to the December Letter Agreement,
the Company also agreed not to sell or issue any additional shares of common stock for a period of 15 days following the closing, with
some noted exceptions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2024 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into another letter agreement (the &#8220;November Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise, for cash, 500,000
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise
price of $0.42 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 18, 2024, the Company issued Lind 200,000
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant
to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such floor. Based on the
conversion price of $0.4229, the Company made an additional $147,892 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of 200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 11, 2024, the Company issued Lind
200,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended agreement
pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such floor. Based
on the conversion price of $0.6575, the Company made an additional $90,722 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of 200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 12, 2024, the Company issued Lind 200,000
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant
to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such floor. Based on the
conversion price of $0.7907, the Company made an additional $88,403 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of 200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) exercised, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing
Warrants (all of the warrants issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to
as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;) to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Lind also
received a new warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares Common Stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until
the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per share (the &#8220;New Lind Warrant&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333 (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;),
that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the
&#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) during the
20 trading days prior to conversion (&#8220;Variable Price&#8221;), subject to adjustment (the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) shall have occurred, conversions under the
3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing date. Lind will also receive a 5-year,
common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, Note Shares and 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant, the &#8220;Securities&#8221;). The parties later agreed to
a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the Variable Price was less than such
floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant may be exercised
via cashless exercise in the event a registration statement covering the Warrant Shares is not available for the resale of such Warrant
Shares or upon exercise of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant in connection with a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase
agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the offering, the Company proposes to offer or sell
any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10% of such
new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Offering, the Company and
its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the offering
(the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note and the
terms of the offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the securities purchase agreement, the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant, the Second Amendment to Guaranty, the Second Amendment to Security Agreement, and the Second Amendment to Guarantor Security
Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the offering. the Company has agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the offering and issued them a warrant to purchase up to 25,000 shares of common stock, on the
same terms as set forth in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities purchase agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2023 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $1,200,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $1,000,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the &#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and
(ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) during the 20 trading days prior to conversion,
subject to adjustment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) shall
have occurred, conversions under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing
date. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to
1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share, subject to adjustment. The parties
later agreed to a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the variable price
was less than such floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Securities Purchase Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company proposes to offer or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity
to purchase up to 10% of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv)
American BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite,
and BioLite BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents
(as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Note and the terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Note, the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant, the First Amendment to Guaranty, the First Amendment to Security Agreement, and the First Amendment
to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the 2<sup>nd </sup>Lind Offering. We have agreed to pay
certain expenses of the placement agent in connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An amendment was filed on February 29, 2024 to
disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall
have a floor price of $1.00 (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to
Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;),
for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock
at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). The Company also issued Lind
a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 5,291,667 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock
at an initial exercise price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with the Note, Note
Shares and Warrants, the &#8220;Lind Securities&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Note does not carry any Interest. Beginning
with the date that is six months from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company
shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,650.58, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to
or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof
(the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;). At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of
the Company&#8217;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined
by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading
days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may
make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a
cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note,
in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Securities Purchase
Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the Lind Offering, the Company proposes to offer
or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10%
of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Lind Offering, the Company
and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the Lind
Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Lind Note and the terms of the
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the Note, the Warrant, a Security Agreement,
Guarantor Security, Guaranty, a Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation, a Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst, a Patent
Security Agreement, a Copyright Security Agreement and a Stock Pledge Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the Lind Offering. As a result of the Lind Offering, the
Company will pay the Placement Agent (i) a cash fee of 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Securities, and (ii) common stock
purchase warrants to purchase 6% of the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Lind Note. We also agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to register all of the Lind Securities and the shares of common stock underlying the warrant issued to the placement
agent.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note
(the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents. The
Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced to
115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2022 Financing</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2022, the Company entered into certain
securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;May SPA&#8221;) with certain investors (the &#8220;Purchasers&#8221;). Pursuant to the May SPA,
the Company agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock, at a price of $2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase up to
2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share (the &#8220;May Warrants&#8221;) to the Purchasers. The gross
proceeds before deducting any estimated offering expenses are $4,220,000. The transaction contemplated by the May SPA was closed on May
16, 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid to the co-placement agents an
aggregate cash fee equal to 8% of the aggregate sales price of the securities sold and issued them warrants to purchase up to 160,000
shares of Common Stock, on the same terms as the May Warrants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Strategy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Advancing to the pivotal trial phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus&#174; for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect to generate revenues in the future.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Focusing on licensing ABV-1504 for the treatment of major depressive disorder, MDD, after the successful completion of its Phase II clinical trials.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Completing Phase II, Part 2 clinical trial for ABV-1505 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Out licensing drug candidates and medical device candidates to major pharmaceutical companies for phase III and pivotal clinical trials, as applicable, and further marketing if approved by the FDA.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business Objectives</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is operating its core business based
on collaborative activities that can generate current and future revenues through research, development and/or commercialization joint
venture agreements. The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nonrefundable upfront license fees,</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">development and commercial milestones,</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">royalties on net sales of licensed products.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each type of payments results in revenue except
for revenue from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, we have not received
any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service
to the joint venture partner.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition. For further details about these difference payment arrangements, see &#8220;Summary of Critical Accounting
Policies&#8221;&#160;below.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Examples of recent collaborative agreements the
Company has entered into are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst each
entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation,
a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology
pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration,
manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed
Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive a total licensing fee
of $33,500,000, composed of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6 per
share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3,500,000 cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon completion
of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net Sales.&#160;As
of September 30, 2024, the Company received 5,000,000 FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair value of
FEYE stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst, each
entered into an amendment (the &#8220;<b>Amendment</b>&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3,500,000 per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company
received in cash and recognized revenue of $180,000 and $296,000, respectively, pursuant to the Amendment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6,250,000
(or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>1</sup>) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000, 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the Net Sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer Product in North America,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000 and $200,000,
respectively, pursuant to the agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic (the
Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024 Oncox
Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>2</sup>)
within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the May 8,
2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company
will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.
Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at
$5 per share<sup>3</sup>) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net
Sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox
to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>4</sup>)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In February and December of 2015, BioLite, Inc. entered into a total of three joint venture agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), ABV-1504 for MDD and ABV-1505 for ADHD. The agreements granted marketing rights to BioHopeKing for certain Asian countries in return for a series of milestone payments totaling $10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by BioHopeKing.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The milestone payments are determined by a schedule
of BioLite development achievements as shown below:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Milestone</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Payment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9.25pt">Execution of BHK Co-Development Agreement</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9.25pt">Investigational New Drug (IND) Submission</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9.25pt">Phase II Clinical Trial Complete</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9.25pt">Initiation of Phase III Clinical Trial</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9.25pt">New Drug Application (NDA) Submission</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">10,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December of 2015, BHK paid the initial cash payment of $1 million upon the execution of the BHK Agreement. The Company concluded that certain deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this cash payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015. The payment included compensation for past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before the BHK agreement was signed and does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in the BHK Agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of $1 million, and recognized collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1504 MDD on October 31, 2019, but has not yet completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1505 ADHD.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite Inc. is entitled to receive a royalty equal to 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to ABV-1501, ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 Products. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has not earned royalties under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, the Company entered into a co-development
agreement (the &#8220;Rgene Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;), a related party under common control by
the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant to the Rgene Agreement, BriVision
and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1703 Pancreatic Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Rgene Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay
the Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017 as compensation of BriVision&#8217;s past research
efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Rgene Agreement was executed. The payment does not relate to any future milestones
attained by BriVision. In addition to $3,000,000, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales
profit earned by Rgene. All development costs shall be equally shared by both BriVision and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company delivered all research,
technical data and development data to Rgene pursuant to the Rgene Agreement in return for a cash payment of $450,000 and 1,530,000 common
shares of Rgene stock valued at $2,550,000, which in 2018 was accounted for using the equity method long-term investment. On December
31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity and duration
of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions,
the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements and Rgene&#8217;s ability
to remain in business. All research projects that were initiated will be managed and funded equally by the Company and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to the
Rgene Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Rgene Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with
Rgene Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. The Company&#8217;s subsidiary, BioKey, entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service
Agreement&#8221;) to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for
the treatment of pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical
studies under U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;). Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey
is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain
regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company
owning 31.62% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed
to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan
from the related party by the first half of 2024, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene.&#160;The Company may convert the Note
at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until
the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months
written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, the Company entered into a collaborative
agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the laws of Taiwan (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;),
pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company global licensing rights to medical use of ABV-1701 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy.
BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is a
Director and shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 12).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Agreement, the Company
and BioFirst will co-develop and commercialize BFC-1401. The Company will pay BioFirst a total amount of $3,000,000 in cash or stock of
the Company before September 30, 2018 as payment in full for BioFirst&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst
before the BioFirst Agreement was executed. The Company is entitled to receive 50% of any future net licensing revenue or net profit associated
with Vitargus&#174;. All development cost will be equally shared by both BriVision and BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to the Company. For the year ended September 30, 2017, the Company determined to fully
expense the entire amount of $3,000,000 since the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1,
absent alternative future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to
research and development expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3,000,000 is fully expensed as research and development expense
during the year ended September 30, 2017.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 428,571
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst as payment for $3,000,000 owed by the Company to BioFirst in connection with the
BioFirst Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2019, the Company entered into a
second Stock Purchase Agreement with BioFirst whereby the Company issued 414,702 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst
as repayment in full for a loan in the amount of $2,902,911 provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an amendment
to the BioFirst Agreement with BioFirst to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution to the agreement.
ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization
during a variety of ocular procedures.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. Further clinical development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing agreements BioFirst maintains with domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, BioFirst&#8217;s
main research and development product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;), licensed by the National Health Research Institutes.
Vitargus is the world&#8217;s first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes
by minimizing medical complications and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with BioLite Japan
K.K., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#8220;Completion
Date&#8221;), the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;),
and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Biolite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;).
Biolite&#160;JP is a private limited company (a Japanese&#160;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: normal"><i>Kabushiki
Kaisha</i><span style="font-style: normal">) incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares
authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Immediately prior to the execution
of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned 1,501 ordinary shares and the Company owned the 1,548 ordinary shares. The Shareholders entered into
the joint venture to formally reduce to writing their desire to invest in and operate Biolite as a joint venture. The business of the
joint venture shall be the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting,
distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by Biolite and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses as
may from time to time be agreed by an amendment to the Agreement. Th</span></span>e closing of the transaction is conditioned upon the
approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals, which have been received.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company
shall appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&#8217;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi;
the current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director. The Agreement further provides that the Company and Biolite shall assign the research collaboration and license agreement
between them to Biolite or prepare the same (th<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">e &#8220;License Agreement&#8221;).
The aforementioned</span> transactions occurred on the Completion Date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall supervise
and manage the business and operations of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services as a
director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all of its
Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain corporate
actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &#8220;<b style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Reserved Matters</b>&#8221;). If the Shareholders are unable to make
a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after which they
must refer the matter to each Shareholder&#8217;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute is not resolved
within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&#8217;s Ordinary Shares for cash at a
specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite
JP if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&#8217;s
Ordinary Shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately USD272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the
Agreement, each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be liable
for the bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately USD134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility.
The Agreement further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&#8217;s profits,
if it has sufficient cash to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Biolite
JP agree to use their best efforts to execute the License Agreement by the end of December 2021. The Company agreed that any negotiation
on behalf of Biolite JP regarding the terms of the License Agreement shall be handled by the directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company
and such Lucidaim directors do not reach agreement on the terms, Biolite JP may at its sole discretion determine not to execute the License
Agreement without any liability to the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&#8217;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
USD4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately USD18,000) and then only to the extent
such liability exceed such limit.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a&#160;related&#160;party&#160;transaction.
In 2024, the Company recognized fully $150,000 loss in equity method investment based on continuing operating losses of BioLite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>BioKey Revenues</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to collaborative agreements, ABVC
earns revenue through its wholly owned BioKey subsidiary which provides a wide range of Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization
(&#8220;CDMO&#8221;) services including API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development,
stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials (from Phase I through Phase III) and commercial
manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioKey provides a variety of regulatory
services tailored to the needs of its customers, which include proofreading and regulatory review of submission documents related to formulation
development, clinical trials, marketed products, generics, nutraceuticals and OTC products and training presentations. In addition to
supporting ABVC&#8217;s new drug development, BioKey submits INDs, NDAs, ANDAs, and DMFs to the FDA, on ABVC&#8217;s behalf in compliance
with new electronic submission guidelines of the FDA.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization
declared the coronavirus outbreak a &#8220;Public Health Emergency of International Concern&#8221; and on March 10, 2020, declared it
to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the coronavirus include restrictions on travel, and quarantines
in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The coronavirus and actions taken to mitigate
it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including
the geographical area in which the Company operates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our revenue for
the fiscal 2022 were significantly impacted. In 2023, our business started recovering from the COVID-19 impact. We have been working on
new contracts towards revenue generation and increase in sales of existing products and incorporating new products for sale.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The&#160;COVID-19&#160;pandemic, including variants,
has adversely affected, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, elements of our CDMO business sector. The COVID-19&#160;pandemic
government imposed restrictions constrained researcher access to labs globally. These constraints limited scientific discovery capacity
and we observed that demand in those labs fell well below historic levels. As constraints on social distancing were gradually lifted around
the world recently, labs have been able to increase research activity. While we believe that underlying demand is still not yet at&#160;pre-COVID-19&#160;levels
since lab operations remain below their normal capacity, we are hopeful that the vaccination programs that are underway combined with
policy changes planned for the summer will further increase research activity and support a return to&#160;pre-COVID-19&#160;demand levels
worldwide.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve
rapidly, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely, including its potential effect on our plans and timelines.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, it is reasonably possible that estimates
made in the financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these conditions,
including losses on inventory; impairment losses related to goodwill and other long-lived assets and current obligations.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Restatement of Consolidated Financial Statements</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the ownership
of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock as the
consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial statements,
the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting guidance.
The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the fair value
of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted common
stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value of the
acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable fair
value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the Company.
As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset acquisition&#8221;
account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company also corrected
the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued on the same
day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest expenses
$1,179,667 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the convertible
note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries
entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023, but later discovered
that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner. Such shares reduced
the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts in our consolidated
financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the Company
issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based expenses
were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with the agreements,
were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period when services
are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription Receivables
for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->60<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Impact of the Restatement</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The impact of the restatement on the balance sheets,
statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,361,627</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(6,833,940</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,554,110</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(257,078</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(43,559</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,493,340</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(394,632</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">361</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(186,499</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s common stock subscription</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">137,500</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">137,500</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">137,861</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified
to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</td>
</tr></table><div>






</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Summary of Critical Accounting Policies</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This basis of accounting involves the application
of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses and losses are recognized when incurred.
The Company&#8217;s financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fiscal Year</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company changed its fiscal year from the period
beginning on October 1<sup>st</sup> and ending on September 30<sup>th</sup> to the period beginning on January 1<sup>st</sup> and ending
on December 31<sup>st</sup>, beginning January 1, 2018.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated
financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from
those results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 96; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->61<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder Meeting
held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per
share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. In turn, the Company believes that the
Reverse Stock Split will enable the Company to restore compliance with certain continued listing standards of NASDAQ Capital Market. All
shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FASB ASC 820, &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, inventory, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and due to related parties approximate fair value due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loan, convertible notes payable, and accrued interest
approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is short.
The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s long-term bank loan approximates fair value because the interest rates approximate market rates
that the Company could obtain for debt with similar terms and maturities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, the most major client,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the out-licensing
income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the most major client, distributing
nutritional supplement in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s cash
and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in financial institutions
located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company believes this financial
institution is of high credit quality.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash held
in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD 20.2
million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation
and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s insurance limits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for
hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We perform ongoing credit evaluation of our customers
and requires no collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a review of the collectability of accounts receivable.
We determine the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical collection experience and current trends in the
credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit losses may differ from our estimates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.
The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of
income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent
account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection
is not probable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with
ASC Topic 606 (ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer
obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange
for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC
606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations
in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price
that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The Company
recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms
of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees,
development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales
of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed
products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized
upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 98; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->63<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into and
it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments
under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial
events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events fall into
two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with collaboration
partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with
collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management concluded
that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that (i) each
triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one or more
of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result in additional
payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is required to complete
each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving the milestone, (vi)
a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments, and (vii) the milestone
payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these milestone payments in
the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s),
delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing whether an
item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which is
typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance or objectively
measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line basis over
the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service
is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes revenue
under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount
of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional performance
method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 99; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is reasonable
relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical,
regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and investment
required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether
a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered substantive
are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency is
resolved.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services &#8212; Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services
or activities are performed, in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception
of a contract, which is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request
that the Company provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K
submissions. The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines
an option is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding offset
to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Property and equipment is carried at cost net
of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of the related
asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related gain or
loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining
lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method, including property and equipment
under capital leases, generally based on the following useful lives:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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in Years</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Machinery and equipment</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5 ~ 10</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10, Property,
Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and
used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires the equity investments to
promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control over
the investees, is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with ASC 321. Fair value is determined
    based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Significant judgment is required to identify whether
an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches. The
market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The income
approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217; revenue,
costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could change in
the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable equity investments
and equity method investments, with recognition in earnings when declines in value are considered other than temporary. the Company assesses
the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as the investee&#8217;s financial performance,
adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs. Evidence of a loss in value might include the
inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure to sustain earnings capacity to justify its
valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments, even if the decline exceeds the
losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">The Company accounts for convertible notes payable in accordance with
ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon issuance, the Company evaluates
whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified within equity under ASC 470-20.
This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires separate accounting. If the conversion
feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt and equity components. The debt component
is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component is carried at amortized cost, with any
discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount
of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is settled in cash, any difference between the carrying
amount and the settlement amount is recognized in earnings.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified
or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance
in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC 815&#8221;).
The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability
pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether
the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity
classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants
that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as liabilities at their initial
fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized
as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the cost of using licensing
rights in research and development cost according to ASC Topic 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future uses
the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
when incurred.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in accordance
with Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development
expenses are charged to expense as incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise.
Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related
costs, facilities-related overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development
costs for both clinical and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods
and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when
the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties
to provide research and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan adopted
the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor regulations
require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of the worker&#8217;s
monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#8217; salaries to the employees&#8217;
pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee
benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 and $10,314 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other
than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC Topic 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and FASB ASC Topic 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based
Payments to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the
earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total
non-employee stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 and $185,933 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for income taxes using the
asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood of realization
of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire before the Company
is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as
a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not
that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on the technical
merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount
of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50
percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that
no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which the
threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense
in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures
and transition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the
Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and results
in the period such determination was made.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance
with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator
is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents
had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive potential shares if
their effect is anti-dilutive.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies
are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates
that it is probable that an assets had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the
amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency
is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably
possible that a material loss could be incurred.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions
occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency is converted into
New Taiwan dollars, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of conversion
or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing exchange
rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments in shares
of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Deficit).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business
Combinations&#8212;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of accounting
upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does not apply
to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective for
joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09,
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective
tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual
periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued
or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated
financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03,
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses.
This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The ASU is effective
on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting period beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included
in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Estimates and Assumptions</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In preparing our consolidated financial statements,
we use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Our estimates are often based on complex judgments,
probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. We are also subject
to other risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated amounts.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Results of Operations &#8212; Year Ended December
31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> Year Ended December 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023 (Restated)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Increase / (Decrease)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Revenue</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">509,589</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">152,430</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">357,159</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">234</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Gross Profit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">508,826</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(149,607</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">658,433</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-440</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating Expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5,214,068</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,617,127</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,403,059</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-21</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loss from Operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(4,705,242</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(6,766,734</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,061,492</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-30</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other (Expense), Net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(664,334</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,258,104</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">593,770</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-47</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Interest (Expense), Net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(738,541</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,128,190</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">389,649</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-35</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net (Loss)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(5,259,037</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(8,280,844</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,021,807</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-36</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Revenues.</i></b> We generated $509,589
and $152,430 in revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase of $357,159, or approximately 234%,
was primarily caused by outlicensing our intellectual properties completed in 2024, comparing to certain CDOM service provided in 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Operating Expenses</i>.</b> Our operating
expenses were $5,214,068 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $6,617,127 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Such decrease
in operating expenses was mainly attributable to the decreased in selling, general and administrative expenses, decreased in research
and development expenses, but offset by increasing in stock-based compensation expenses. We have been focusing our cost control initiatives
to reduce to cash burns, with payments made with our restricted stocks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Other Expense, Net.</i></b> Other expense was $664,334 for the
year ended December 31, 2024, compared to other expense of $1,258,104 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was principally
caused by the decrease in interest expense, mainly from the convertible notes payable (pay off the 1<sup>st</sup> Lind Note and monthly
repayment of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), while being offset by increase in loss on investment in equity securities for the year ended December
31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Interest Income (Expense), Net</i></b>,
was $(738,541) for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $(1,128,190) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease of $389,649
(or approximately 35%, was primarily due to the decrease in interest expense related to recognition of less interest expense for the converted
notes for proper accounting purpose.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Net Loss.</i></b> The net loss was $5,259,037
for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $8,280,844 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company reduce its net loss by
$3,021,807 or approximately 36% during the year ended December 31, 2024, through more cost efficient funding resources and discontinuing
certain consulting services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 105; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->70<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Liquidity and Capital Resources</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Working Capital</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 72%; text-align: left">Current Assets</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">2,179,815</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">1,656,709</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,557,461</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,101,889</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Working Deficit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(4,377,646</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(4,445,180</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> Year Ended December 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023 (Restated)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Change</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Cash Flow Used In Operating Activities</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(1,809,145</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(4,186,848</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,377,703</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">-57</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(360,186</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">360,186</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-100</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,980,769</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,869,961</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,889,192</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Cash Flow from Operating Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net cash used
in operating activities were $1,809,145 and $4,186,848, respectively. The decrease in the amount of outflow $2,377,703 was primarily due
to the increased in stock-based compensation as a payment for certain operating expenses, reduced in provision of credit losses, and increased
in due to related parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Cash Flow from Investing Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the net cash used in investing activities were $0 and $360,186, respectively. The decrease in the amount of $360,186 was primarily due
to the decrease in prepayment for equity investment and purchase of equipment, while being offset by the increase in prepayment for long-term
investments during the year ended December 31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Cash Flow from Financing Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net cash provided
by financing activities were $1,980,769 and $3,869,961, respectively. The Company&#8217;s financing activities in year 2024 are mainly
focusing on reducing our debt and interest burden, while initiating certain fund raising activities through our subsidiary, AiBtl. During
the year, we only sold the 3<sup>rd</sup> convertible note to Lind but paid off the 1st Lind Note and 2/3 of the 2nd Lind Note. We also
issued certain common stock warrants as part of our financing activities in 2024. Comparing to 2023, we mainly relied on Lind Notes and
warrants as our financing resource. We are on the process to reduce the reliance to the private equity funding as our out-licensing activities
have remarkable breakthrough in 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_013"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_014"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>Item
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</b></span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and the report
of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth on pages F-1 through F-41 of this Report.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 7%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 7%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; width: 86%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_002">REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB&#160; ID 2485)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_003">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_004">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGE</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_005">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGES</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-8</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_006">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY (DEFICIT)&#160;FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PAGES</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-9</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_007">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.</a></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt solid; width: 60%"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><img alt="" src="image_002.jpg"/></p>
                       <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 40%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>17506 Colima Road, Ste 101,</b></p>
                                                                                                        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Rowland Heights, CA 91748</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Tel: +1 (626) 581-0818</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Fax: +1 (626) 581-0809</b></p></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="F_002"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Shareholders and Board of Directors</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Fremont, CA</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b>Opinion on the Consolidated
Financial Statements</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">We have audited the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the
related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders&#8217; equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of
the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;consolidated financial statements&#8221;). In our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December
31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended<b>,</b> in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Substantial Doubt
About the Company&#8217;s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated
financial statements, the Company incurred substantial losses during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
had a working capital deficit and net cash outflows from operating activities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s
ability to continue as a going concern. Management&#8217;s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified
with respect to this matter.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b>Basis for Opinion</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We conducted our audits in accordance with the
standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were
we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 108; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our audits included performing procedures to assess
the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide
a reasonable basis for our opinion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b>Critical Audit Matters </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The critical audit matters communicated below
are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated
to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and
(2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter
in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit
matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Prepayment for asset acquisition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As described in Notes 5 of the consolidated financial
statements, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, under which it is expected to acquire ownership of certain
properties and a parcel of land in Chengdu, China, by issuing 370,000 shares of common stock.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We identified the accounting for the initial recognition
of the prepayment as a critical audit matter due to the Company&#8217;s use of its own common stock as consideration, coupled with the
fact that the target assets were still under construction. This led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and significant
audit effort was required in performing procedures to evaluate management&#8217;s determination of the cost and timing of control obtained.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The primary procedures we performed to address
this critical audit matter included:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Obtained and reviewed the cooperation agreement
and other related legal documents, to evaluate the terms and conditions.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                         </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inquired with the management regarding the arrangement
outlined in the agreement</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                          </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inspected the real property ownership certificate
issued by the PRC authorities.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                               </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inspected the appraisal report of the real property
under construction. </span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                     </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tested the issuance of common stock through transfer
agent confirmation procedure.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                              </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Examined the fair value applied in determining
the cost of the acquired asset.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Verified the recognition of the asset by recalculating
the cost to ensure accuracy.</span></td></tr></table><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Issuance and Conversion of Senior Convertible Promissory Note (the
&#8220;Notes&#8221;)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As outlined in Note 7 to the consolidated financial
statements, during the reporting period, the Company issued multiple convertible notes with detachable warrants. These financial instruments
involved complex terms related to conversion features, fair value allocation, and classification between liabilities and equity under
applicable accounting standards.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We identified the issuance and subsequent conversion
of these notes as a critical audit matter due to the complexity of the financial instruments and the significant auditor judgment required.
Auditing these matters involved extensive procedures and effort to evaluate management&#8217;s accounting conclusions and application
of the relevant guidance.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The primary procedures we performed to address
this critical audit matter included:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Obtained and reviewed the agreements for the
convertible notes and detachable warrants to understand the key terms.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                       </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Evaluated management&#8217;s analysis of the
classification and measurement of the convertible notes and warrants.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                      </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tested the fair value measurements used in allocating
proceeds and assessing conversion features. </span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                             </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Verified the initial recognition of the Notes
by reviewing the amortization schedules, testing the inputs, and independently recalculating the schedules for accuracy.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                                                                         </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assessed the accuracy and completeness of subsequent
accounting entries, including verification of principal repayments and conversions to equity.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                                              </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Confirmed the ending balances through direct
confirmations obtained from the creditors.</span></td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ Simon &amp; Edward, LLP</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have served as the Company's auditor since
2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">PCAOB ID: 2485</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rowland Heights, California</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">April 15, 2025</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="F_003"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(Restated)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">Current Assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">248,382</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">60,155</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Restricted cash</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">615,433</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">656,625</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Accounts receivable, net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,530</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Accounts receivable &#8211; related parties, net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">10,463</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Due from related parties &#8211; current</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,155,051</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">747,573</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Short-term investments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">64,736</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">79,312</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in">Prepaid expense and other current assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">96,213</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>





</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="text-indent: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 111; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="F_004"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE
LOSS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2024 AND 2023</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>





</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="F_005"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023<br/> (Restated)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from operating activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Net loss</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(5,259,037</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(8,280,844</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in">Depreciation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">32,025</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">28,531</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Stock-based compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,773,460</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">185,933</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Provision for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">11,993</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,455,101</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">532,769</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,244,245</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Loss on investment in equity securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">339,171</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">221,888</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Amortization of right-of-use asset</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">168,896</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">351,859</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Deferred tax expense</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">115,668</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Accounts receivable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">228,557</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">12,948</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">101,926</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Due from related parties</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(293,962</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(321,776</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">152,819</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">638,762</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Contract liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,615</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">68,515</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Tenant security deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">13,700</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt">Taxes payables</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(112,946</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">112,946</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 27pt">Operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(168,896</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(351,859</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.5in">Net cash used in operating activities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,809,145</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(4,186,848</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from investing activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt">Purchase of equipment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(21,201</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Prepayment for equity investment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(338,985</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 27pt">Net cash used in investing activities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(360,186</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from financing activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Issuance of common stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,050,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Repayment of short-term bank loans</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(29,152</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">394,071</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,406,338</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">947,500</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from (repayment of) related party payables</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">599,552</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(186,499</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">342,095</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,462,622</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Repayment of convertible notes payable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(327,017</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Repurchase of treasury stocks</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(7,320</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from issuance of a promissory note</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">30,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Proceeds from common stock subscription</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">31,040</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(24,589</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,125</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">147,035</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(674,948</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>





</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><div><a id="F_006"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217;
EQUITY </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Restated)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>





</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="F_007"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006.
BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for
holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite
Taiwan each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with
the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and
distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also
working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development.
As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the
Company has a controlling interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive
$3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company concluded the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November 12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying financial statements have been
prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net loss of $5,259,037. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s working capital
deficit was $4,377,646.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $1,809,145&#160;from operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2024. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going
concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash generated from operations;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to improve operations to generate
positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support from related parties or shareholders.
If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital, there is the risk that the Company
may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue
as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared on a going
concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets
or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the ownership
of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock as the
consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial statements, the Company
reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting guidance. The Company
applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the fair value of the asset
acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted common stocks. The
real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value of the acquired
assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation, should
have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable fair value
(Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the Company. As
a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset acquisition&#8221;
account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company also corrected
the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued on the same
day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest expenses
$1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the convertible
note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the Company issued 644,972 shares
(post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based expenses were amortized over
5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with the agreements, were completed
by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period when services are received.
Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription Receivables for $1,354,440 as
a result of such adjustments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Impact of the Restatement</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The impact of the restatement on the balance sheets,
statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(148,031</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(4,235,845</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(186,499</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(186,499</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,306,112</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously
reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 117; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0"><b>3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#8217;s fiscal year is the calendar year.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Certain amounts on prior year&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of revenues and
expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its
Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common stock. The Company&#8217;s
stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The
Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per share trading value of
the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K
reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221; defines fair value for
certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments to base fair
value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit price. It
establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases the
consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid expenses and
other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable, and accrued interest
approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is short.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the out-licensing
income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the major
client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s cash
and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in financial
institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company believes
this financial institution is of high credit quality.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash held
in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD 20.2
million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.
The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of
income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent
account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection
is not probable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue
from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods
or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the
following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine
the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when
(or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable
that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services the Company transfers
to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses
the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised
good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective
performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The Company
recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms
of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees,
development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales
of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed
products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized
upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into and
it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments
under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial
events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events fall into
two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with collaboration
partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with
collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management concluded
that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that (i) each
triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one or more
of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result in additional
payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is required to complete
each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving the milestone, (vi)
a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments, and (vii) the milestone
payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these milestone payments in
the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s),
delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing whether an
item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which is
typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance or objectively
measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line basis over
the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service
is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes revenue
under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount
of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional performance
method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is reasonable
relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical,
regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and investment
required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether
a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered substantive
are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency is
resolved.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding offset
to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment, net</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Property and equipment, net is carried at cost
net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of the
related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of the
remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based on
the following useful lives:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Estimated&#160;Life<br/> in Years</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify">Buildings and leasehold improvements</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: center">5 ~ 50</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Machinery and equipment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">5 ~ 10</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Office equipment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">3 ~ 6</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10, Property,
Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and
used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquires the equity investments to
promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control over
the investees, is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity securities at fair value
    at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">ASC
    321. Fair value is</span> determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Significant judgment is required to identify whether
an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches. The
market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The income
approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217; revenue,
costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could change in
the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#8217;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for convertible notes payable
in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon issuance,
the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified within
equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires separate
accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt and equity
components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component is carried
at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest method. Upon
conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is settled in cash,
any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified
or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance
in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC 815&#8221;).
The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability
pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether
the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For issued or modified warrants that meet all
of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair
value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the cost of using licensing
rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future uses the acquisition
of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses when incurred.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in accordance
with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as incurred unless
there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development expenses are comprised
of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related overhead, and
outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical and preclinical
materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that will be used in future
research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than
when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research and development
services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan adopted the government mandated
defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor regulations require that the
rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of the worker&#8217;s monthly salaries.
Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#8217; salaries to the employees&#8217; pension fund.
The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts for such employee benefits, which
were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 (NTD 0.4 million) and $10,314&#160;(NTD 0.4 million) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;. Total
director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 for consulting services and $271,828 for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$185,933&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for income taxes using the
asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood of realization
of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire before the Company
is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as
a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not
that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on the technical
merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount
of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50
percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that
no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which the
threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense
in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures
and transition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the
Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and results
in the period such determination was made.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance
with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator
is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents
had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive potential shares if
their effect is anti-dilutive.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies
are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates
that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount
of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency
is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably
possible that a material loss could be incurred.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions
occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency is converted into
NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of conversion or settlement.
On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing exchange rates and
the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments in shares of stock
where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217; Equity.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable segment and assets
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following tables present revenue and gross profit information for
each of our only reportable segment:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For The Years Ended<br/>
 December 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023 (Restated)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%">Revenue</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">509,589</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">152,430</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">508,826</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(149,607</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table provides a reconciliation of total segment gross
profit to the Company's loss before provision for income tax:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,313,671</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(25,135</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">22,690</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(339,171</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(221,888</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loss before provision for income tax</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business
Combinations&#8212;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of accounting
upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does not apply
to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective for
joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09,
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective
tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual
periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued
or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated
financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 126; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03,
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses.
This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The ASU is effective
on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting period beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included
in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the New Drug Application (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company has received the second milestone payment of NTD31,649,000, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of NTD50 million, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the total of NTD50 million, approximately
equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit. As of December
31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant
to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement,
Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment
is for the compensation of the Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does
not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million, the Company
is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall
be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3.0 million
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December
31, 2017, the Company has received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000 in
the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NTD50 per share (approximately equivalent to $1.60 per
share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018. On
December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity and
duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in
market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements,
and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and
Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to the
Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene to guide three
Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer
and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA IND regulatory
requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million over a 3-year
period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. The Service Agreement
shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier
by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written
notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company
owning 31.62% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed to loan $1.0 million
to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;). If the Note is
fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan from the related
party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares
of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price
of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note
includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger
an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. Upon an event
of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until
the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months
written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary, BriVision, entered
into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;),
pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the &#8220;Product&#8221;):
BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder
of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and Common Stock shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 10).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0 millionsince
currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative future uses
the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year ended December
31, 2017.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 42,857
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into a second
Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued 41,470
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst in
connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the BioFirst
Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution to the agreement. ABV-2002
is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization during
a variety of ocular procedures.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development product is
the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s first bio-degradable
vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications and reducing
the need for additional surgeries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst has started the construction of a GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical
Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote the construction of bio-degradable
vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to manufacture Vitargus with world-class
technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction in 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not earned
any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst each
entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation,
a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology
pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration,
manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed
Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive a total licensing fee
of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6 per
share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon
completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net sales.&#160;As
of December 31, 2024, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair value of
FEYE stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst, each
entered into an amendment (the <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#8220;Amendment&#8221;) t</span>o the Licensing
Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the
amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally (such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $296,000, respectively, pursuant to the Amendment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6.25
million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000, 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer Product in North America,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000 pursuant to the agreement. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic (the
Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024 Oncox
Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5
per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after
OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards
the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as defined
in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain.
The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund
such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the time of
transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair
value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net
sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox
to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At the time of
transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Above mentioned p<span style="background-color: white">rice
of OncoX&#8217;s shares was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">Property and
Equipment</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has offices and labs located in Taiwan,
and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">338,966</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 131; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Depreciation expenses were $28,627&#160;and $28,531
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Land with book value amounted to approximately
$338,966 and $363,416, respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists of the
properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd.
(the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of the
land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the
areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base
for the China market and global development of these interests.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The valuation of such property is $37 million; based on the Company&#8217;s
20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui an aggregate of 370,000
shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a lock-up period of one year
following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following the closing of the transaction,
if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will negotiate in good faith to make
reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land parcel, or a suitable replacement
property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and enforceable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b>6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b>&#160;&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.17</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">0.67</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">0.67</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">Cost Method</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">BioHopeKing Corporation</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5.90</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)</p></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">19.78</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">BioFirst Corporation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18.68</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18.68</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">24.97</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Rgene Corporation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">26.65</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc.
Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its
    business is summarized as follows:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The extent
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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Agreements)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation</span></td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 132; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term
investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment.
The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares
of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Summarized unaudited financial information for
the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Balance Sheets</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Statements of operations</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Both Rgene and the Company are under
common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant
influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Summarized unaudited financial information for
the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Balance Sheets</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,291,517</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Statements of operations</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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December 31,</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net sales</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(118,367</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Share of loss from investments accounted for using the equity method</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term investment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31,
2024 and 2023, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows (not recognized since the carrying value of the investment was reduced to $0):</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">Year Ended<br/>
 December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Share of equity method investee losses</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(339,171</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(221,888</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049
ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards
the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This
prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business and financial
conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The
Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beginning with the date that is six months from
the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,651,
until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration,
conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;). At the Company&#8217;s
discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of
cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares
by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes
sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the
Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s control.
&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance to the issuance
of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants
was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As of December 31, 2024, these
Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025 and bear no interest. The
Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition to
any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase warrant to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years. The warrants
were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded to debt discount.
An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. During the year
ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.
Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common
stocks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the
&#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the
average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and
payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest. The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior
to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the
occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%
of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction
documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of
the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29,
2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the
conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind
if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion or repayment to
3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has converted
$400,000 principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024 and November 19, 2024, Lind has
exercised 1,000,000 and 500,000 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 and $0.42
per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Total interest expenses in connection with the above three Lind Notes
were $773,139 and $1,233,284 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024, the
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible note payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate individuals,
for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible notes
bear 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before the maturity.
AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before the maturity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The convertible notes payable is accounted for
in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined that
it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were allocated
to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount is recorded
in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The debt discount is being amortized over the
1-year term using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $646 in interest expense
related to the amortization of the debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">December
                                            31, 2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Entity</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Maturity<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Principal<br/>
    Amount at<br/>
    Issuance</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Stated<br/>
    Interest<br/>
    Rate</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Effective<br/>
    Interest<br/>
    Rate</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Conversion<br/>
    Price</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Common<br/>
    Stock<br/>
 to&#160;be<br/>
    converted</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Principal<br/>
    Amount at<br/>
    Balance<br/>
    Sheet Date</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Discount</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Fair<br/>
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">2nd
    LIND Note</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">November
    17, <br/>
    2023</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">May
    19,<br/>
    2025</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">86.94</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">400,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">118,048</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    LIND Note</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">January
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    2024</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">July
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,000,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">388,685</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Other
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    2024</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">November
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    2025</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">5.00</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">28,389</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,460,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">509,954</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">950,046</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">1,740,000</span></td><td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b>December 31,
    2023</b></span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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 Entity</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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 Date</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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 Date</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Interest<br/>
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    Interest<br/>
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    Price</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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 Stock<br/>
 to be<br/>
 converted</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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 Sheet Date</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Discount</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Value</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Value</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1st LIND Note</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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2023</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 8%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">August 23,<br/>
 2024</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">521,112</p></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">973,410</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2nd LIND Note</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 17,<br/>
2023</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">May 19,<br/>
2025</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">86.94</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">834,590</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">365,410</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,440,000</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">4,904,167</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,011,175</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,124,653</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,413,410</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 137; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Accrued research and development expense</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,799,583</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">274,028</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">126,106</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">29,138</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">302,274</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">427,350</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,509,422</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,548,352</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Cathay United Bank</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">200,252</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">245,250</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">CTBC Bank</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">610,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">654,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other individual</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">840,252</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">899,250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay United Bank entered into
a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#8220;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#8221;) in a credit limit amount of NTD 7.5 million, equivalent
to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest at a floating rate of
prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank. The Company renews the agreement
with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of December 31, 2024&#160;and December 31, 2023, the effective
interest rates per annum was 2.99%&#160;and 2.87%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building and improvement of BioLite
Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made payments
of the loan in total of NTD 934,366, equivalent to $29,152.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $6,891 and $6,856 for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite Taiwan
and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit limit
amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with the same
maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC for one
year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan balances
bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank. This loan
was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite Taiwan has
opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $15,557 and $15,610 for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21, 2025,
or upon the occurrence of an event of default.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $2,811 for the year ended
December 31, 2024.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The related parties of the company with whom transactions
are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of entity or Individual</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">GenePharm Inc. (the &#8220;GenePharm&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Jiangs</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary
    shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member
    of board of directors of BioFirst</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s
    wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#8217;s
    son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s
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    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#8217;s
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation (&#8220;BHK&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl Holding&#8221;) &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by the Jiangs.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2024, the
Company received $296,000 in cash, pursuant to the licensing agreement and related amendment with FEYE, and recognized $296,000 revenue
correspondingly. In addition, the Company received $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, pursuant to the licensing agreement
with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<br/>
 December 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%">OncoX</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Rgene</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">496,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,055</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion International
to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is for 12 months
expiring in February 2025, and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $104,083 for the year ended December
31, 2024. No such consulting service was engaged in year 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable due from related parties consisted
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">GenePharm Inc.</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, management considered
the outstanding accounts receivable from Rgene may not be recoverable, and recognized credit loss in full.</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount due from related parties consisted of the
following as of the periods indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due from related party- Current</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 72%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene (1)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">565,711</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">541,486</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (2)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">589,340</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">206,087</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>1,155,051</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">839,983</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">839,983</td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">120,210</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">113,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,014,193</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">953,499</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(1,014,193</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(839,983</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">113,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">(1) &#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.</p>
                                    <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
                                    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $63,819 and $38,819, respectively.</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
                                    <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</p></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>


</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087), respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan
    agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract
    executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but
    on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On
    July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement
    with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with
    an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount
    of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan
    agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter
    of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost
    for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due
    from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated
    research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia)
    deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company
    stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024. </span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties are
subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market conditions,
macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December 31, 2024, the
Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except those
being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any significant
indicators of potential default.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount due to related parties consisted of the
following as of the periods indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">AiBtl Holding (1) </td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">348,219</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">The Jiangs (2)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"/><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">274,170</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"/><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">19,789</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Shareholders (3)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">142,130</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">152,382</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Directors (4)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,526</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">773,045</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">173,493</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to
the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding
principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101
and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 141; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>11. INCOME TAXES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">Income tax (benefit)
expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Current:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Federal</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>State</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(110,539</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total Current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(110,539</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">140,338</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Deferred:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Federal</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>State</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">115,668</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total Deferred</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(110,539</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">Deferred tax assets (liability) as of
December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist approximately of:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Loss on impairment of Assets</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">713,223</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">713,223</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,677,413</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">178,014</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(178,014</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(213,482</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets, Gross</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">6,390,636</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(6,390,636</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(5,731,566</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Deferred tax assets, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>12. EQUITY</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company previously reported that during the
year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2024
(through June 30, 2024) and 2023, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $451,480 and $902,960,
respectively.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After further reviewed and investigation, above
services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the
period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued&#160;22,341&#160;common
stock (post-split) to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into that
certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of 30,000 shares of common stock (post-split) and 20,000 pre-funded
warrants (post-split), at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, 200,000&#160;pre-funded warrants were exercised.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 142; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a
cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior year reported amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land
she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up
to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was to
also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board
of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not proceed
with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and booked as
treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2024, the Company issued 200,000 shares
of common stock to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In June 2024, the Company entered into a stock
purchase agreement with an investor, which the Company issued 41,387 shares of common stock at $0.75 per share to the investor for cash.
Due to certain stock transfer processes, one of the Company&#8217;s shareholders transferred such shares to the investor on behalf of
the company in July 2024; the company plans to issue the same number of shares to the transferring shareholder soon.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In July 2024, the Company entered into an agreement
with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company will make the rent payments in the Company&#8217;s common stocks. As of December
31, 2024, the Company has issued 399,384 shares with average issuance price of $0.68 per share, for the monthly rent from April 2024 and
half month of December 2024, in total of $271,827. The Company subsequently issued 80,654 shares of its common stock for each of the half
month rent in the first quarter of 2025.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt">AiBtl was incorporated in
January 2023 and issued 20,000,000 shares of its common stocks to the founding shareholder AiBtl Holding with the par value $0.0001, for
$2,000 at the time of incorporation. Due to certain administrative process, the previous issuance was not correctly and timely recorded
at AiBtl&#8217;s book which resulted in the correction of the previous reported non-controlling interest equity balance. Later in December
2023, AiBtl issued 23,000,000 shares to ABVC and 23,000,000 shares to BioLite, respectively, as a consideration for the Company&#8217;s
out-licensing products, as disclosed in Note 4. At the close of the transaction, AiBtl became the Company&#8217;s 60.70% owned subsidiary
included in the consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700 AiBtl&#8217;s
common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred beginning
in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not acquired ownership
of the land and no asset was recognized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for
holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the tile transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset on
its balance sheet in March 2025.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 143; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->37<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the issuance
of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 529,167
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject to adjustment.
The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement
in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing
warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for 1,705,303 shares and 3,732,167 shares, respectively,
totaling $593,714 and $1,786,686, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the issuance
of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued using
the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the issuance
of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase up
to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants issued
to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common
stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per share (the
&#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model. The New Warrants
may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective. As of December 31,
2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according to this agreement.
All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company
issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the
conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities. As of the date of this report,
Lind has converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common
stocks.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subsequent to December 31, 2024 through the date
of this report, Lind has converted $400,000 of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#8217;s common stock,
leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection with above Lind convertible
notes as of December 31, 2024, and their activities during the year ended are as follows:</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of<br/>
Underlying<br/>
Shares</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted-<br/>
Average<br/>
Exercise<br/>
Price<br/>
Per Share</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted-<br/>
Average<br/>
Contractual<br/>
Life<br/>
Remaining<br/>
in Years</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Aggregate<br/>
Intrinsic<br/>
Value</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding as of January 1, 2024</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,529,167</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.40</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.15</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,542</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,000,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.70</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.22</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">190,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercised</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,500,000</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,029,167</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.70</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.20</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">195,542</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third
letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the
Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of
$0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 144; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->38<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has not granted any options during
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company&#8217;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#8217;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no unvested options.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2024, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Diluted loss per share takes into account the
potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common Stock.
Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>15. LEASE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company applied the following practical expedients
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to make
lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognized lease liabilities, with
corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use assets</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">640,387</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">809,283</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (current)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">403,581</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">401,826</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">236,807</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">407,457</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 146; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->40<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease expenses</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">514,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">484,181</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating leases</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Weighted Average Discount Rate:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating leases</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.19</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.50</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold">Operating<br/>
leases</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">409,587</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">104,236</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">47,320</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">47,320</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">47,320</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">655,782</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(15,395</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Present value of future minimum lease payments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">640,387</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 147; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2024 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>17. ACQUISITION</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 12, 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;)&#160; each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl
BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications
of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company concluded the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">S</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">Accrued expense</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(243,888</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(498</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liabilities acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(243,386</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price
of $0.40 per share.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the first quarter of 2025, Lind has converted
the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks, and converted
$400,000 of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note
with outstanding principal of $600,000.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing 502,081 unregistered shares at $0.60 per share, raising a total
of $301,250.</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In April 2025, AiBtl issued 1,800 shares of its common stock at $5
per share, raising a total of $9,000 from an individual investor.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_015"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Previous Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 18, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Audit
Committee accepted and approved the resignation of the Company&#8217;s auditor, KCCW Accountancy Corp. (the &#8220;Former Auditor&#8221;)
as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The reports of the Former Auditor on the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 did not contain an adverse opinion or
a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principle.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and
2020, and the subsequent interim period through October 17, 2022, there were no disagreements as described under Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of
Regulation S-K with Former Auditor on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope
or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to Former Auditor&#8217;s satisfaction, would have caused Former Auditor to make reference
to the subject matter thereof in connection with its reports on the financial statements of the Company for such years. In addition, during
the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the subsequent interim period through October 17, 2022, there were no reportable
events as described under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective as of October 18, 2022, the Company
engaged WWC P.C. CPA (&#8220;WWC&#8221;) as its independent registered public accounting firm for the Company&#8217;s fiscal year ended
December 31, 2022. The decision to engage the New Auditor as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm was approved
by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the two fiscal years ended December 31,
2021 and the subsequent interim period through October 17, 2022, neither the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf has consulted with
WWC with respect to (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type
of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company&#8217;s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was
provided to us by WWC that was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial
reporting issue, or (ii) any other matter that was the subject of a disagreement as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and
the related instructions to Item 304 of Regulation S-K or a reportable event as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 10, 2024, WWC has agreed not to renew
its engagement with the Company. WWC&#8217;s voluntary decision not to renew the engagement was approved and acknowledged by the Company&#8217;s
board of directors on October 17, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022
and 2023 and the subsequent interim period through June 30, 2024, there were no disagreements with WWC on any matter of accounting principles
or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreement(s), if not resolved to the satisfaction
of WWC, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement(s) in connection with its report. During the
fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 and the subsequent interim period through June 30, 2024, there were no reportable events
of the type described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>New Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 17, 2024, the Board approved the engagement
of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP (&#8220;S&amp;E&#8221;) as the Company&#8217;s new independent registered public accounting firm.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the Company&#8217;s two most recent fiscal
years and the subsequent interim period through June 30, 2024, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted with S&amp;E regarding
(i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; the type of audit opinion that
might be rendered on the Company&#8217;s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided that S&amp;E
concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting
issue; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and its related
instructions) or a reportable event (as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->72<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Subsequent to &#160;the change of auditors, S&amp;E
identified certain matters that led to a restatement of previously issued financial statements. On March 31, 2025, we filed a Form 12b-25
stating that we required additional time to complete this annual report on Form 10-K. The Company and the audit committee of our board
of directors, in consultation with S&amp;E, concluded that our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 required
restatement and were not reliable. We shall report this determination in a Form 8-K and will file an Annual Report on Form 10-K/A amending
the Company&#8217;s 2023 Form 10-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_016"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the supervision and with the participation
of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design
and operation of our &#8220;disclosure controls and procedures,&#8221; as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated
under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered
by this report to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms due to
the material weakness described below.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Management&#8217;s Report on Internal Control
over Financial Reporting</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Chief Executive Officer, as the principal
executive officer (chief executive officer) and principal financial officer (chief financial officer), is responsible for establishing
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f).
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that,
in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance
that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors;
and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because of its inherent limitations, our internal
controls and procedures may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide
only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all
control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have
been detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with
the participation of our principal executive officer and interim principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our internal control
over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in <i>Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) </i>issued by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over
financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting
such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented
or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses were identified:&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;" width="100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">i.</td><td style="text-align: justify">We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with the financial reporting
requirements of a public company. Specifically, we lacked a sufficient number of professionals with an appropriate level of internal controls
and accounting knowledge, training, and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately.
Additionally, the lack of a sufficient number of professionals resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities
and responsibilities in pursuit of our financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation
of duties in our finance and accounting functions. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses.</td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p><div>

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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;" width="100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">ii.</td><td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We did not design and maintain effective controls over financial reporting
to properly recognize certain share-based payments, including the recognition prices and the amortization periods, or interest expenses
upon the conversion of convertible debts or to identify and quantify our interest level in our subsidiaries.</p></td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">iii.</td><td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We did not design and maintain effective controls related to the identification
of and accounting for certain non-routine, unusual or complex transactions, including the proper application of GAAP to such transactions.
Specifically, we did not design and maintain &#160;the effective control over reviewing the related agreements before and after entering
into the transactions, as well as the control over application of appropriate US GAAP accounting guidance. Additionally, we incorrectly
applied ASC 718 regarding the appropriate period in which to recognize share-based compensation expense related to services.</p></td>
</tr></table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The material weaknesses discussed above resulted
in the restatement of our previously filed financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">As a result of the material weaknesses disclosed above, management
has concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are developing a plan to ensure that all information
will be recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately, and as of the date of this report, we are working to hire personnel with
the requisite technical accounting knowledge to remediate the material weakness as soon as possible.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This annual report does not include an attestation
report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management&#8217;s report
was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission
that permit us to provide only management&#8217;s report in this annual report.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Changes in Internal Control over Financial
Reporting</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No change in our system of internal control over
financial reporting occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_017"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated in August 2024, with
90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, one of the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for holding the
land in Taiwan that AiBtl is in the process of acquiring, which land will be used for developing health related business. In April 2025,
AiBtl signed a share-based land acquisition agreement regarding the land in Taiwain. However, as of the date hereof, the transfer
of the land&#8217;s title is currently under government review, pending completion of the title transfer registration. Due to Taiwan&#8217;s
legal restrictions prohibiting foreign entities from directly owning farmland, the parties agreed to structure the arrangement through
nominee holdings.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) During the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023, none of our officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), informed us of the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" id="ixv-41779"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" id="ixv-41780">adoption</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="abvc:NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" id="ixv-41781"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="abvc:Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" id="ixv-41782">modification</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric> or
<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" id="ixv-41783"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" id="ixv-41784">termination</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric> of any &#8220;Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement&#8221; or a &#8220;non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,&#8221; as those terms
are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_018"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT
INSPECTIONS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_019"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART III</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_020"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dr. Howard Doong resigned from his position as
the Company&#8217;s CEO on June 21, 2023. His decision to resign was not the result of any disagreements with the Company on any matter
related to the operations, policies or practices of the Company. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace
Dr. Doong as the Company&#8217;s CEO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective as of June 13, 2023, Dr. Richard King
resigned as the Company&#8217;s Chief Scientific Officer. His decision to resign was not the result of any disagreements with the Company
on any matter related to the operations, policies or practices of the Company. On that same date, the Company&#8217;s board of directors
appointed Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang to replace Dr. King as the Company&#8217;s CSO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 5, 2025, Leeds Chow notified the Company of his resignation as CFO. While the Company is looking for
a full-time Chief Financial Officer to fill the vacancy created by Leeds Chow&#8217;s resignation, the Company&#8217;s CEO, Uttam Patil
will serve as the interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth as of the date
of this annual report, the name, age, and position of each executive officer and director and the term of office of each such person.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Set forth below is certain biographical information
regarding each of our directors and officers as of the date of this annual report.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b>&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Title</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 35%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 7%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 56%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board and Chief Business Officer (&#8220;CBO&#8221;)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (&#8220;CEO&#8221;), Interim CFO</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dr. Tsung-Shann (T.S.) Jiang</p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;), Chief Strategy Officer (&#8220;CSTRO&#8221;) and Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">64</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">54</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu </span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang </span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min (Francis) Chung </span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent Director &#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Eugene Jiang </b>served as our CEO and President
from the Company&#8217;s inception in July 2015 until he resigned on September 15, 2017. He remains the Chairman of the Board. He also
serves as our CBO since September 2019 and serves as the CBO of BioKey, Inc. Since March 13, 2025, Eugene Jiang was appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s
Chief Financial Officer. Since 2019. Mr. Jiang also serves as Director for&#160;BioLite&#160;Incorporation since June 2015 and as Director
for BioFirst Corp. since 2012. He also serves as&#160;CEO for&#160;Genepro&#160;Investment Company since March 2010.&#160;Mr.&#160;Jiang
obtained a PMBA degree from National Taiwan University in 2017 and an EMBA degree from the University of&#160;Texas&#160;in Arrington
in 2010. And in 2009, Mr. Jiang received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in Physical Education from Fu-Jen Catholic University.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Uttam Patil, CEO,</b> was appointed as
the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer on June 21, 2023; he now serves as interim CFO too. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Patil was also
appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO. Dr. Patil has served as the Chief Operating and Scientific Officer of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary,
BioKey, Inc. since May 2023; he also works for Rgene Corporation (a related party), as the R&amp;D Manager since May 2023, after being
promoted from Project Manager, to which he serves from August 2022 to May 2023. Prior to that, Dr. Patil was a Post-Doctoral Research
Fellow at NTNU from March 2020 to July 2022. In 2019, Dr. Patil received the &#8220;Platinum Award&#8221; for an Oral Presentation on
the topic, &#8220;Nucleobase Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybridization with Single-Stranded DNA&#8221; at a Workshop
on Organic Chemistry for Junior Chemists held in South Korea. Dr. Patil received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from National Tsing Hua University
and a Masters in Analytical Chemistry from Pune University, as well as a Bachelors in industrial chemistry from Pune University.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. T.S. Jiang</b>, has served as the Company&#8217;s
Chief Strategy Officer since September 2019. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Jiang was also appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer.
Dr. Jiang serves as the CEO of Biokey, Inc. since December 2021, as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2013, &#160;and has been the CEO
and chairman of BioLite, Inc., a subsidiary of BioLite BVI, Inc., since January 2010. Prior to BioLite, Dr. Jiang served as the president
and/or chairman of multiple biotech companies in Taiwan, including PhytoHealth Corporation from 1998 to 2009 and AmCad BioMed Corporation
from 2008 to 2009. In addition, Dr. Jiang is a director on various biotech associations, such as the Taiwan Bio Industry Organization
(Taiwan) from 2006 to 2008 and the Chinese Herbs and Biotech Development Association in Taiwan from 2003 to 2006. Dr. Jiang was an assistant
professor at University of Illinois from 1981 to 1987 and an associate professor at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1987
to 1990 and served as a professor at a few Taiwanese universities during a period from 1990 to 1993, such as National Taiwan University,
National Cheng Kung University and Tunghai University. Dr. Jiang obtained his bachelor degree in Engineering and Chemical Engineering
from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 1976, masters and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in the U.S. in 1981 and Executive Master
of Business Administration (&#8220;EMBA&#8221;) from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 2007. As a successful entrepreneur, Dr. Jiang
has developed and commercialized PG2 Lyo Injection, a new drug to treat cancer related fatigue. From 1998 to 2009, Dr. T. S. Jiang served
as President of Phyto Health Corporation where he led a project team to develop PG2 Injectable. This product was extracted, isolated and
purified from a type of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PG2 Injection was intended for cancer patients who had trouble recovering from severe
fatigue. Dr. Jiang oversaw and managed the R&amp;D department, daily corporate operations and business of Phyto Health Corporation when
he was the President. PG2 Lyo Injection received approval on its NDA from Taiwan Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and later was launched
into the Taiwan market in 2012. We believe that Dr. Jiang provides leadership and technological guidance on our strategic development
and operations.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang</b>, has served as a director
of BioFirst Corp. since 2017 and as a technical director at Supermicro Computer, Inc. since August 2022. Dr. Jiang served as a technical
director at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan from February 2017 to July 2021. Prior to joining the Industrial Technology
Research Institute as a technical director, Dr. Jiang worked at the Company as chief information officer from November 2016 to January
2017, Ericsson as engineering manager from 2013 to 2016 and the Industrial Technology Research Institute as deputy director from October
2011 to February 2013. In addition, Dr. Jiang worked at several other research institutes, including University of Alaska Fairbanks, National
Taiwan University and Chung Cheng University, with his research interest in cloud computing and Internet security, especially in the areas
of virtualization, software-defined data centers, SDN enabled networks and big data analytics. Dr. Jiang received his Bachelor of Science
in electrical engineering in 1983 and Master of Science in electrical engineering in 1984, both from National Taiwan University, and his
Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1988. Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang is a brother
of Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, who together with his wife collectively owns 80% of Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. which has approximately 69.3%
of ownership interest in the Company through YuanGene Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang</b>, has served as a director
of BioLite Inc. since 2013 and as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2015. Dr. Jiang has been a pediatrician at the department of pediatrics
of Eugene Women and Children Clinic since 2016. Previously, Dr. Chang-Jen worked as an attending doctor at the department of pediatrics
of Keelung Hospital, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan from 1994 to 2009. Before his position at Keelung Hospital, he was a
chief doctor at the department of pediatrics, hematology and oncology of Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan for three years until 1994.
Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang obtained his doctor of medicine degree (the Taiwanese equivalent degree of MD) from Taipei Medical University in Taiwan
in 1982 and started his career in Mackay Memorial Hospital. We believe that the Company will benefit from Dr. Jiang&#8217;s knowledge
in biology and experiences in medical practice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Norimi Sakamoto</b>, currently serves a director
at Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. from June 2016. Ms. Sakamoto served as the chief executive officer of MyLife Co., Ltd. from June 2013
to March 2020. Ms. Sakamoto started her career in 1997 from Sumitomo Corporation Hokkaido Co., Ltd. in Japan. Ms. Sakamoto received her
Bachelor Degree of Arts in travel and tourism from Davis and Elkins College in 1993 and Master of Science in urban studies from the University
of New Orleans in 1995.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yen-Hsin Chou</b>, has served as a financial
specialist at Mega Bank since 2011. Ms. Chou&#8217;s responsibilities primarily include customer services and financial consultations.
Ms. Chou received a Bachelor Degree in finance and economics from Yuan Ze University School of Economics in 2010.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Hsin-Hui Miao</b>, served as counter manager
at Yueh Shan Chi Cram School from August 2021 to May 2022. From August 1988 to July 2021, Ms. Miao was a kindergarten teacher and also
severed as the leader of general affairs team at the affiliated high school of Tunghai University, Kindergarten Division. Ms. Miao received
her Bachelor Degree of Education from Taichung University of Education in 1998.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yoshinobu Odaira</b>, is an entrepreneur and
has founded a number of Japanese agricultural companies, including Yukiguni Maitake, our licensing partner. In 1983, Mr. Odaira established
Yukiguni Maitake, which became a public company in Japan in 1994. In 2015, Bain Capital Private Equity purchased Yukiguni Maitake through
a tender offer. In addition to his success with Yukiguni Maitake, Mr. Odaira served as the CEO of Yukiguni Shoji Co., Ltd. since 1988,
as the CEO of Odaira Shoji Co., Ltd. from 1989 and as a director of Shogun Maitake Japan Co., Ltd. since June 1989.&#160; In 2015, Mr.
Odaira founded two new companies, Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. in Canada and Odaira Kinoko Research Co., Ltd. in Japan. Mr. Odaira
has served as the CEO and director of Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. since June 2016. Mr. Odaira served as a director of BioLite Inc.
from February 2019 to April 2019. Yoshinobu Odaira graduated from the Ikazawa Junior High School in 1963. We believe that we will benefit
from Mr. Odaira&#8217;s successful business experience.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Che-Wei Hsu</b>, is currently employed as a
clerk by Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. since August 2016; previously she was a teacher in a Junior High School. Ms. Hsu received a Bachelor
Degree from Tunghai University School of Chinese Literature in 2004.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Shuling Jiang</b>, has served as a director
for various companies, including BioLite, Inc. and BioFirst Corp, since 2017 and started to serve as Managing Director for Biokey, Inc.
in 2022. Ms. Jiang received a Bachelor Degree from National Taiwan Normal University School of Music in 1978 and a Master Degree from
Northwestern University School of Music in 1983.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Yu-Min (Francis) Chung</b>, was a Partner at
Maxpro Ventures, an investment firm in Taiwan focused on breakthrough biomedical technology companies, from July 2018 to May 2022. Prior
to that, he served as Vice President at TaiAn Technology, which is a biotechnology service company and a management company for biotechnology
venture capital funds in Taiwan, from June 2016 to June 2018. Mr. Chung received his Bachelor&#8217;s Degree of Science in Chemistry from
National Taiwan University in 1987, Master&#8217;s Degree in Business Administration from National Taiwan University in 2006, and Ph.D.
in Pharmacy from University of Iowa in 1995.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that
the members of the Board, our executive officers and persons who own more than 10 percent of a registered class of our equity securities
file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common units and other equity securities with the SEC and
any exchange or other system on which such securities are traded or quoted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Based solely upon our review of the Section 16(a)
filings that have been furnished to us and representations by our directors and executive officers (where applicable), we believe that
all filings required to be made under Section 16(a) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 were timely made.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Director Independence</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The NASDAQ Rules require that a majority of the
Board be independent. The Board consists of 11 directors, of which nine are non-management directors. Each year the Board reviews the
materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company, either directly or indirectly. No member of the Board
has any relationship or arrangement that would require disclosure under Item&#160;404&#160;of&#160;Regulation S-K. For additional information
see &#8220;Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions&#8221; in this report. Based on this review, the Board has determined
that the following current directors are &#8220;independent directors&#8221; as defined by the NASDAQ Rules: Messrs. Odaira and Chung
and Mses. Sakamoto, Chou and Miao.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each director who is a member of the Audit and Finance Committee, Compensation
Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is an independent director.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Family Relationships</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are no family relationships among the executive
officers and directors of the Company, except that Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang and Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang are brothers, Mr.
Eugene Jiang is Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s son, and the marital relationship between Yoshinobu Odaira and Norimi Sakamoto and between
Shuling Jiang and Dr. Jiang.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Committees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Audit Committee</i>. The Audit Committee of
the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Chou, Yen-Hsin (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions of the
Audit Committee include the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing and approving the planned scope,
proposed fee arrangements and results of the Company&#8217;s annual audit, reviewing the adequacy of the Company&#8217;s accounting and
financial controls and reviewing the independence of the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm. The Board has
determined that Ms. Chou, Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ
Stock Market. The Board of Directors has also determined Ms. Chou is an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221; within the applicable
definition of the SEC. The Audit Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available
on our website at www.abvcpharma.com. Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any
part of this reports. We have included the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Compensation Committee</i>. The Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Norimi Sakamoto (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions
of the Compensation Committee include the approval of the compensation offered to our executive officers and recommending to the full
Board of Directors the compensation to be offered to our directors, including our Chairman. The Board has determined that Ms. Sakamoto,
Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. In addition,
the members of the Compensation Committee qualify as &#8220;non-employee directors&#8221; for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange
Act and as &#8220;outside directors&#8221; for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Compensation
Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available on our website at www.abvcpharma.com.
Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any part of this report. We have included
the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee</i>.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors consists of Mr. Yoshinobu Odaira (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui,
and Ms.&#160;Hsu, Che-Wei, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq&#8217;s listing standards. The corporate governance and
nominating committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The corporate
governance and nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are
specified in the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The corporate governance and nominating committee
will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism
in evaluating a person&#8217;s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills
or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider
the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The board of directors will also
consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to
stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders
that wish to nominate a director for election to the Board should follow the procedures set forth in our bylaws. The nominating committee
does not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk
Oversight</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have two separate individuals serving as our
CEO and Chairman. Our Board of Directors, or the Board, is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on behalf
of our company. The Board receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel, and others, as considered appropriate
regarding our company&#8217;s assessment of risks. In addition, the Board focuses on the most significant risks facing our company and
our company&#8217;s general risk management strategy, and also ensures that risks undertaken by our company are consistent with the board&#8217;s
appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company&#8217;s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management
processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and
that our board leadership structure supports this approach.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Code of Ethics</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We adopted a code of ethics, a copy of which is
attached herein as Exhibit 14.1. The Code of Ethics applies to all of our employees, officers and directors. This Code constitutes a &#8220;code
of ethics&#8221; as defined by the rules of the SEC. Copies of the code may be obtained free of charge from our website, www.abvcpharma.com.
Any amendments to, or waivers from, a provision of our code of ethics that applies to any of our executive officers will be posted on
our website in accordance with the rules of the SEC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Indemnification</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Neither our Articles of Incorporation nor Bylaws
prevent us from indemnifying our officers, directors and agents to the extent permitted under the Nevada Revised Statute (&#8220;NRS&#8221;).
NRS Section 78.7502 provides that a corporation shall indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation against expenses,
including attorneys&#8217; fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with any the defense to the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding
referred to Section 78.7502(1) or 78.7502(2), or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to Nevada law, we
are informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Insider Trading Policy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-true" name="ecd:InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" id="ixv-41785">adopted</ix:nonNumeric> insider trading policies
and procedures governing the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our securities by directors, officers and employees that are
reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations and Nasdaq listing standards. During the fiscal
quarter ended December 31, 2024, the Company has not adopted, modified or terminated any &#8220;Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement&#8221;
or a &#8220;non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,&#8221; as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_021"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following tables set forth, for each of the
last two completed fiscal years of us, the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to any person who was a principal executive
officer during the preceding fiscal year and every other highest compensated executive officers earning more than $100,000 during the
last fiscal year (together, the &#8220;Named Executive Officers&#8221;). The tables set forth below reflect the compensation of the Named
Executive Officers.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Summary Compensation</b>&#160;<b>Table</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Leeds Chow (2)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">33,968</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">180,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">153,746</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">353,746</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">90,556</p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">90,556</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">90,556</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">90,556</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Eugene Jiang (5)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">215,244</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">415,244</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">200,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Chihliang An (6)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Doong was appointed as the CEO on September 15, 2017. Dr. Doong later resigned from his position as the Company&#8217;s CEO on June 21, 2023. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the Company&#8217;s CEO.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other than set out below, there are no arrangements
or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive
officers may receive share options at the discretion of our board of directors in the future. We do not have any material bonus or profit
sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that share
options may be granted at the discretion of our board of directors.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 158; Value: 72 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Stock Option Plan</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our board approved and adopted the Amended and
Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan on September 12, 2020 (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;), a copy of which is attached hereto as exhibit 10.17.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Grants of Plan-Based Awards</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2022, the Company entered into stock
option agreements with 5 directors, pursuant to which the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 76,190 shares (post-split)
of common stock under the Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $30.0 per share (post-split). The options were vested at the grant
date and become exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date of this report, we have granted
options under the Plan that can be exercised for an aggregate of 258,710 shares of Common Stock.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes outstanding unexercised
options, unvested stocks and equity incentive plan awards held by each of our named executive officers, as of December 31, 2024:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL&#160;YEAR-END</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">952</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Tsung-Shann&#160;Jiang</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Oct 15, 2032</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Apr 16, 2033</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Richard&#160;Chi-Hsin&#160;King</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,429</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">31,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">7,242</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,219</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Oct 15, 2032</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Apr 16, 2033</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Uttam Patil</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">All number of options and exercise prices are adjusted for
1:10 reverse stock split in 2023.</td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 159; Value: 72 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->82<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Compensation of Directors</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We did not pay stock options to directors in fiscal year
2024.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are no arrangements or plans in which we
provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit sharing plans
pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that stock options may
be granted at the discretion of the board of directors or a committee thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Employment Contracts</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dr. Uttam Patil has entered into an employment
agreement (&#8220;Patil Employment Agreement&#8221;) with the Company on June 23, 2023, pursuant to which he shall receive the initial
base salary by stock options in accordance with Company&#8217;s standard payroll practice. As of the date of this prospectus, Dr. Patil
has yet to receive any stock options.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 4, 2022, the Board appointed Mr. Leeds Chow as the Company&#8217;s
Chief Financial Officer (&#8220;CFO&#8221;) and Principal Accounting Officer effective from September 4, 2022 for a term of 3 years. On
March 5, 2025, Mr. Chow resigned as CFO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We maintain an employment agreement with Dr. Chi-Hsin
Richard King (&#8220;King Employment Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which he shall receive an annual base salary of $50,000. As of December
31, 2017, we paid Mr. King 10,416 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a per share price of $1.60 as opposed to cash compensation.
Under King Employment Agreement, Dr. King is employed as the CSO of the Company. We may terminate the employment for cause, at any time,
without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly
negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case, the executive officer
will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and the executive officer&#8217;s
right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate an executive officer&#8217;s
employment without cause upon one-month advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are required to provide compensation
to the executive officer, including severance pay equal to 12 months of base salary. The executive officer may terminate the employment
at any time with a one-month advance written notice if there is any significant change in the executive officer&#8217;s duties and responsibilities
or a material reduction in the executive officer&#8217;s annual salary. In such case, the executive officer will be entitled to receive
compensation equivalent to 12 months of the executive officer&#8217;s base salary. On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, unanimously reelected Dr. Richard King as the Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;), which became effective on
September 1, 2019 for a term of three years.&#160;&#160;&#160;On June 13, 2023, Dr. Richard King resigned from his position as the CSO
after being related in 2022. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Jiang to replace Dr. Richard King as the CSO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, except Eugene Jiang, appointed Mr. Eugene Jiang, the current Chairman of the Board, as the Chief Business Officer, effective
since September 1, 2019 for a term of three years.&#160; Mr. Eugene Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment
as the Chief Business Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Mr. Jiang was reelcted in 2022 and he contract was renewed for
another three years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members present
at the Meeting, except Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, reelected Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang as the Chief Strategy Officer, effective since September
1, 2019 for a term of three years. Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment as the Chief Strategy
Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Dr. Jiang was reelected in 2022 and the contract was renewed for another three years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Disclosure of Registrant's Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In response to Item 402(w) of Regulation S-K, there was no time during
or after the last completed fiscal year that the Company was required to either prepare an accounting restatement that required recovery
of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company&#8217;s compensation recovery policy, or had an outstanding balance as of
the end of the last completed fiscal year of erroneously awarded compensation to be recovered from the application of the policy to a
prior restatement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2024 POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO THE GRANT OF CERTAIN EQUITY
AWARDS</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K, the Company does
not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business days before
or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI). Accordingly,
the Company has no specific policy or practice on the timing of awards of such options in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic
information by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->83<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_022"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 12. SECURITY OWENERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Beneficial Owners</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of&#160;April 11, 2025 (i) each person (or group of affiliated persons) who is known by us to own more
than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (ii) each director, executive officer and director nominee, and
(iii) all of our directors, executive officers and director nominees as a group.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance
with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or group
of persons is deemed to have &#8220;beneficial ownership&#8221;&#160;of any shares of common stock that such person has the right to acquire
within 60 days of the date of the respective table. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock
held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60 days of
the date of the respective table is deemed to be outstanding for such person, but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing
the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission
of beneficial ownership.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise noted, the business address of
each beneficial owner listed is&#160;44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons listed
below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to the extent that power
may be shared with a spouse.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of April 11, 2025, we had 15,778,305 shares of common stock issued
and outstanding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of Beneficial Owner</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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Nature of<br/>
Beneficial<br/>
Ownership</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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Class</b> &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang (1)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">131,159</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,956</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,505</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsang-Ming Jiang</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,994</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,854</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (2)(4)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">543,589</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.4</p></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang (3)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,026</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57,758</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">41,489</p></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang (4)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,665,015</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.6</p></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min Chung</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,387</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>All officers and directors as a group (Twelve (12)
persons)</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,762,139</p></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17.5</p></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YuanGene Corporation (5)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">829,699</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">5.3</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px"/>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">less than 1%.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0px"/><td style="width: 24px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eugene
Jiang held 131,159 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0px"/><td style="width: 24px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Tsung-Shann Jiang held 167,599 shares of common stock through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation, 722 shares through Rgene Corporation,
608 shares through BioFirst, 13,630 shares through Lion Arts, and the rest of 361,030 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0px"/><td style="width: 24px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang held 158 shares of common stock in the Company
through his ownership in BioFirst, 1 share through Rgene, and the rest of 41,847 shares through direct ownership.</td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0px"/><td style="width: 24px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ms.
Shuling Jiang held 662,100 shares of common stock through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation, 964 shares through Rgene Corporation,
8,833 shares through BioFirst, 112 shares through BioLite, 48,761 shares through Liongene, 21,313 shares through Keypoint, 1,012 shares
through Genepro, 53,845 shares through Lion Arts, and the rest of 868,075 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0px"/><td style="width: 24px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YuanGene
Corporation is a company wholly-owned by Lion Arts, which is owned by Shu-Ling Chiang (80%) and Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (20%); however,
YuanGene appointed Eugene Jiang to have sole voting control over the shares held by YuanGene, the principal office address of which is
2<sup>nd </sup>floor, Building B, SNPF Plaza, Savalalo, Apia, Samoa.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 161; Value: 72 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->84<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Securities authorized for issuance under equity
incentive plans.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Equity Compensation Plan Information</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The&#160;following table discloses information
as of December 31, 2024, with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which our equity securities
are authorized for issuance, aggregated as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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securities<br/>
to be issued<br/>
upon<br/>
exercise of<br/>
outstanding<br/>
options,<br/>
warrants<br/>
and rights</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted-<br/>
average<br/>
exercise<br/>
price of<br/>
outstanding<br/>
options,<br/>
warrants<br/>
and rights</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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common<br/>
stock<br/>
remaining<br/>
available for<br/>
future<br/>
issuance<br/>
under equity<br/>
compensation<br/>
plans</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">258,710</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27.90</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">386,021</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See, Item 11, Executive Compensation for additional
details about our option plan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_023"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS, DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as disclosed herein, no director, executive
officer, shareholder holding at least 5% of shares of our common stock, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct
or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction since January 1, 2022, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeds
the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year-end for the last two completed fiscal years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none">Since March 13, 2025, the following officers
and directors of the Company were appointed to the following positions at AiBtl: Eugene Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer,
Uttam Patil as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO and T.S. Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer.</span></p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 162; Value: 72 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->85<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with
Rgene Corporation</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. BioKey, Inc. entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service Agreement&#8221;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;). The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration
date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice.
Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with
each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Real Estate Purchase</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">(&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to
which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company
(the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer
and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On M</span>ay 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
the warrants were not issued.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other related party transactions</span></b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due from related parties:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(1)</p></td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year
    convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use
    of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
    at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
    of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
    the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
    Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the
    breach is provided.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
    the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $53,422 and $38,819, respectively.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>(2)</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered
    into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per
    annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst,
    with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital.
    As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 19,348,360 (approximately $588,342) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087),
    respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment
    and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan
    agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract
    executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but
    on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On
    July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement
    with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with
    an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount
    of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan
    agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter
    of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost
    for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due
    from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated
    research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia)
    deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company
    stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 163; Value: 72 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->86<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516 , respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024. </span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties are
subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market conditions,
macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December 31, 2024, the
Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except those
being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any significant
indicators of potential default.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due to related parties:&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</span></p>

</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Promoters and Certain Control Persons</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None of our management or other control persons
were &#8220;promoters&#8221; (within the meaning of Rule&#160;405 under the Securities Act), and none of such persons took the initiative
in the formation of our business or received any of our debt or equity securities or any of the proceeds from the sale of such securities
in exchange for the contribution of property or services, during the last five years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_024"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Various audit, audit related and non-audit services to us is as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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December 31,</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">210,000</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">179,000</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Audit Related Fees</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tax Fees</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All Other Fees</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Fees</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">225,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">229,000</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="text-align: left; width: 0.25in">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">The Audit Fee in 2024 includes the reaudit of our 2023 financial
statements.</td>
</tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Audit Fees. Audit Fees consists of
fees for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for the contemporaneous audit of our annual financial statements
and the review of quarterly financial statements or services that are normally provided by our principal accountants in connection with
statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Audit Related Fees. Audit Related
Fees consists of fees for assurance and related services by our principal accountants that are reasonably related to the performance of
the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under &#8220;Audit Fees.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Tax Fees and All Other Fees. Tax Fees
and All Other Fees Consists of fees for products and services provided by our principal accountants, other than the services reported
under &#8220;Audit Fees,&#8221; &#8220;Audit-Related Fees&#8221; and &#8220;Tax Fees&#8221; above.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 164; Value: 72 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->87<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_025"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART IV</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_026"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)(1)&#160;List of Financial statements included
in Part II hereof</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: justify; width: 92%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_002">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 2485)</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 8%">F-2</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_003">Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_004">Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_006">Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-8</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_005">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#F_007">Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-9</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)(2) List of Financial Statement schedules included
in Part IV hereof: &#160;None.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)(3) Exhibits&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following exhibits are included herewith:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit</b>&#160;<b>&#160;No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 91%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1 </span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit101.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Share Exchange Agreement, dated February 8, 2016 (1)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000113789202000063/fex301ai.txt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Incorporation of the Company (2)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000113789202000063/fex302bl.txt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bylaws of the Company, as amended (35)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416004635/s102891_4-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 21, 2016 (4)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.4</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416007154/s104086_ex3-4.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on December 21, 2016 (5)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020008785/ea120454ex3-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 30, 2020 (6)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.6</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021025389/f10q0321ex3-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on February 17, 2021 (3)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.7</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416004635/s102891_4-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 21, 2016 (4)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.8</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416007154/s104086_ex3-4.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on December 30, 2015 (5)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.9</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020008785/ea120454ex3-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 30, 2020 (6)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.10</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021025389/f10q0321ex3-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on February 17, 2021 (3)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.11</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023059044/ea182176ex3-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on July 24, 2023 (36)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex4-1_american.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant (7)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021015729/f10k2020ex4-2_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (27)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex4-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Placement Agent Warrant for Lind Offering (30)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit102.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaboration Agreement dated December 29, 2015 (8)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017001707/f8k0217ex99i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Addendum to the Collaboration Agreement dated January 12, 2017 (11)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017007869/f8k072417ex10i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaboration Agreement with BioFirst dated July 24, 2017 (12)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017005978/f8k052617ex99i_american.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Co-Development Agreement with Rgene dated May 26, 2017 (13)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023051347/ea180822ex10-1_abvcbiopharm.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement with Uttam Patil (31)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-2_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Promissory Note entered by American BriVision (Holding) Corporation (17)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-3_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Commercial Security Agreement (18)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex10-1_american.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-US person (19)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020009167/ea120625ex10-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and US person (20)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-15_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and U.S. investors (21)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-16_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-U.S. investors (22)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021015729/f10k2020ex10-17_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated American BriVision (Holding) Corporation 2016 Equity Incentive (28)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021052090/ea148616ex10-1_abvcbiopharma.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joint Venture Agreement between the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd. And BioLite Japan K.K.(26)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022025731/ea159780ex1-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and certain investors dated May 11, 2022 (25)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022033890/ea161846ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical Development Service Agreement between the Company and Rgene dated June 10, 2022 (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they (i) are not material and (ii) is the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential) (10)</span></a></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 8%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 91%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022033890/ea161846ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Promissory Note dated June 16, 2022 issued by Rgene Corporation to the Company (29)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.18</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Note(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.20</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
</table><div>
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 8%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.21</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 91%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Security Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.22</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guarantor Security Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.23</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guaranty(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.24</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-7_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.25</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-8_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst Corporation(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.26</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-9_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Patent Security Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.27</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-10_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Copyright Security Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.28</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-11_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Stock Pledge Agreement(30)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.29</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.30</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.31</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2023 (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.32</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment To Security Agreement (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.33</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.34</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment to Guaranty (32)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.35</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 17, 2024 (33)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.36</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024012141/ea192587ex10-41_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3<sup>rd</sup> Placement Agent Warrant (34)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.37</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment To Security Agreement (33) </span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.38</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (33)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.39</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment to Guaranty (33)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.40</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (33) </span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.41</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant (33)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.42</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004199/ea191466ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (37)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.43</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018524/ea0200878ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 2 to 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (38)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.44</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018526/ea0200876ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (39)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.45</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 8, 2024 (40)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.46</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between Rgene and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 8, 2024 (40)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.47</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Lind Letter Agreement dated May 22, 2024 (41)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.48</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Lind Form of Warrant dated May 22, 2024 (41)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 23, 2024 (42)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.50</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between Biolite, Inc. and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 23, 2024 (42)</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (43)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.52</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between BioFirst Corporation and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (43)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.53</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the License Agreement between the Company and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (44)</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the License Agreement between BioLite, Inc. and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (44)</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.55</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.56</p></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-56_abvcbio.htm">Land Transfer Plan dated March 31, 2025+</a></p></td></tr>
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    <td><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.57</p></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-57_abvcbio.htm">Nominee Holding Agreement dated April 1, 2024+</a></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-58_abvcbio.htm">Land Lease Agreement dated April 1, 2024+</a></p></td></tr>
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    <td>10.59</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-59_abvcbio.htm">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between ABVC and AiBtl dated March 11, 2025+</a></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-60_abvcbio.htm">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between BioLite and AiBtl dated March 11, 2025+</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>10.61</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-61_abvcbio.htm">Yunzhiyi Land Holding Agreement dated October 28, 2024+</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416008325/s104643_ex14-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Code of Ethics (23)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022065540/ea167111ex16-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Letter from KCCW Accountancy Corp. to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (24)</span></a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024022721/ea020181601ex19-1_abvcbio.htm">Insider Trading Policy (45)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex21-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">List of subsidiaries+</span></span></a></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex31-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002+</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex31-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002+</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex32-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex32-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024022721/ea020181601ex97_abvcbio.htm">Policy For Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Incentive Compensation (45)</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Instance Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).</span></td></tr>
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">++</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2021.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 28, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 9, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(10)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 21, 2022.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(11)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(12)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 24, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(13)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 30, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><div><a id="a_028"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Item 16. Form 10-K Summary</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="a_027"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on April 15, 2025</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in
the capacities and on the dates indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">April 15, 2025</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>



</div><!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM 10-Q</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span>
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">For the quarterly period ended <b><span style="text-decoration:underline">March 31,
2025</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span>
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">For the transition period from ____________ to
____________</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Commission file number <b><span style="text-decoration:underline">001-40700</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</span></i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Nevada</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>26-0014658</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">State or jurisdiction of<br/>
incorporation or organization</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">IRS Employer<br/>
Identification Number</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Fremont, CA 94538</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Tel: (510) 668-0881</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address and telephone number of principal executive
offices)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name, if changed since last report)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: center; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; width: 32%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Trading Symbol(s)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 32%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of each exchange on which registered</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1)
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days. Yes
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span> No <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167; 232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span> No <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221;
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span>
No <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of April 30, 2025, there were 16,773,261 shares
of common stock, par value per share $0.001, issued and outstanding.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 8%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PART I</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt; width: 87%"><a href="#new_id"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 5%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">F-1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 1.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Financial Statements (Unaudited)</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">F-1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-1"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">F-1</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Restated)</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">F-2</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-3">Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Restated)</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">F-3</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-4">Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Deficit) for the Three months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Restated)</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">F-4</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-5"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">F-5</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 2.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-6"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">1</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 3.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-7"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">21</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 4.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-8"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Controls and Procedures</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">21</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PART II</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-9"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>OTHER INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 1.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-10"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Legal Proceedings</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 1A.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-11"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 2.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-12">Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">22</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 3.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-13">Defaults Upon Senior Securities</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 4.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-14">Mine Safety Disclosures</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 5.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-15">Other Information</a></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">22</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 6.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9.75pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#new_id-16"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Exhibits</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#new_id-17">Signatures</a></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">27</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this &#8220;Report&#8221;)
contains &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; which discuss matters that are not historical facts. Because they discuss future events
or conditions, forward-looking statements may include words such as &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221;
&#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221;
&#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;forecast,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221;
&#8220;continue&#8221; and negatives thereof or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made,
are based on various underlying assumptions and current expectations about the future and are not guarantees. Such statements involve
known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievement
to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We cannot
predict all of the risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, such information should not be regarded as representations that the results or
conditions described in such statements or that our objectives and plans will be achieved and we do not assume any responsibility for
the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These forward-looking statements represent our
intentions, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors.
Many of those factors are outside of our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied
by those forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without
limitation, those specifically addressed under the headings &#8220;Risks Factors&#8221; and &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; in our annual report on Form 10-K and its amendment filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221; OR &#8220;Commission&#8221;); in &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; in this Report, and information contained in other reports that we file with the SEC. In light
of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the events described in the forward-looking statements might not occur or might occur to
a different extent or at a different time than we have described. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning other
matters addressed in this Report and attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by
the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this Report.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are important factors that could cause actual
results to vary materially from those described in this report as anticipated, estimated or expected, including, but not limited to: the
effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, including on the demand for our products&#894; the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and severity of
such outbreak in regions where we operate&#894; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 outbreak&#894; our ability to implement cost
containment and business recovery strategies&#894; the adverse effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business or the market price of
our ordinary shares; competition in the industry in which we operate and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins,
volatility in the securities market due to the general economic downturn; SEC regulations which affect trading in the securities of &#8220;penny
stocks,&#8221; and other risks and uncertainties. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements
publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward- looking statements, even
if new information becomes available in the future. Depending on the market for our stock and other conditional tests, a specific safe
harbor under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 may be available. Notwithstanding the above, Section 27A of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange
Act&#8221;) expressly state that the safe harbor for forward-looking statements does not apply to companies that issue penny stock. Because
we may from time to time be considered to be an issuer of penny stock, the safe harbor for forward-looking statements may not apply to
us at certain times.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As used in this Report, the terms &#8220;we&#8221;,
&#8220;us&#8221;, &#8220;our&#8221;, and &#8220;our Company&#8221; and &#8220;the Company&#8221; refer to ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and its
subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-0"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-1"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">152,206</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">248,382</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">615,433</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">64,736</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Total Current Assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,469,561</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,179,815</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">366,475</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-2"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-3"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">106,927</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(149</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(140,364</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,029</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">40,113</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(43,605</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(106,927</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(29,250</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">394,071</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">411,667</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">282,095</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(57,778</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-4"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY (DEFICIT)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 4%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(64,046,929</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 4%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">516,387</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(8,901,668</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 4%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(300,637</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 4%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,253,473</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">751,795</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">752</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">466,822</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">467,574</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of pre-funded warrant
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">394,071</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">394,071</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares
    for acquisition of property</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">703,496</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">703</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(703,496</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(703</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,302,726</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,303</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,934,452</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,935,755</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of subsidiary's common
    shares for consulting service</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">225,690</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">157,810</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">383,500</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Decrease in ownership of subsidiary
    due to share issuance</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">4,786</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(4,786</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Net loss for the period</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(2,834,199</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(93,468</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Cumulative
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(48,236</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(48,236</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Balance
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,698,315</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,698</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">77,004,201</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(66,881,128</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">468,151</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(730,049</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(8,902,371</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(241,081</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,458,470</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Balance at December 31, 2024</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">13,868,484</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">13,868</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">31,040</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">78,595,065</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(68,949,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">445,665</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(730,641</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(8,909,691</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(502,181</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">723,959</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares for
    Lind CN Repayment</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">400,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">400</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">47,179</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">47,579</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,029,167</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,029</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">410,638</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">411,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">80,654</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">81</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">48,692</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i>The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>



</div><div><a id="new_id-5"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006.
BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for
holding the land that AiBtl is working to acquire in Puli, Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc. was acquired by the Company with the transaction
of the collaborative licensing agreements. On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite Taiwan each entered into a multi-year, global
licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)
and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover
the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. The parties are determined
to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen new drug development and
business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the respective agreements, each
of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling interest over AiBtl.
If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net
sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements. As
a result of these transactions, the Company became a controlling parent of AiBtl, with 58.85% of group ownership over AiBtl.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 177; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 40.2pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity
with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;) which contemplates continuation
of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and liabilities are settled in the
ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern
depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For the three months ended March 31,
2025, the Company reported net loss of $944,190. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital deficit was $5,261,178.&#160;
In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $539,833&#160;from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. These
conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to improve
operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support from
related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital, there
is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about the
ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025, and
for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect
the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that
may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary. These restatements also resulted in the restatements of the relevant accounts
as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the ownership
of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock as the
consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial statements,
the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting guidance.
The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the fair value
of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted common
stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value of the
acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable fair
value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the Company.
As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset acquisition&#8221;
account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company also corrected
the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued on the same
day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest expenses
$1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the convertible
note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries entered into
a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023, but later discovered that
AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner. Such shares reduced the
Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70% as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the Company
issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based expenses
were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with the agreements,
were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period when services
are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription Receivables
for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Please read the impacts of the 2023 restatement
in our audited 2024 consolidated financial statements filed in our Form 10-K with the SEC on April 15, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Impact of the Restatement to the March 31,
2024 interim financial statements</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The impact of the restatement on the balance sheets,
statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Unaudited
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Prepaid expense and other current asset</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">159,602</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,949,150</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(7,400,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">691,900</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">691,900</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total Assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,050,845</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(605,178</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,445,667</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">29,769</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,633,614</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total Liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(6,484,393</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,544,995</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(513,364</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,031,631</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(684,683</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">503,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(45,425</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(260,783</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(26,109</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none">The accompanying unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. These financial
statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain information
and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed
or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#8217;s management, the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments,
in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#8217;s financial position as of March 31, 2025, and
results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated
balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December 31, 2024, and interim results of
operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any future period. These financial statements
should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
and related notes included in the Company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none">This basis of accounting involves the application
of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses and losses are recognized when incurred.
The Company&#8217;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications</span>:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none">Certain amounts on the prior year&#8217;s condensed
consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed cash flows were reclassified to conform to
the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#8217; equity.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of revenues and
expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid expenses and
other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable, and accrued interest
approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is short.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, management
estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of March 31,
2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash held
in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $607,362
(NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable are recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.
The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of
income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent
account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection
is not probable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with
ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the Company
performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract;
(iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize
revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it
is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services the Company
transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company
assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether
each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated
to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The Company
recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms
of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees,
development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales
of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed
products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized
upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into and
it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments
under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial
events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events fall into
two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with collaboration
partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with
collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management concluded
that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that (i) each
triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one or more
of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result in additional
payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is required to complete
each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving the milestone, (vi)
a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments, and (vii) the milestone
payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these milestone payments in
the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s),
delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing whether an
item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which is
typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance or objectively
measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line basis over
the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service
is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes revenue
under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount
of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional performance
method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is reasonable
relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical,
regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and investment
required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether
a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered substantive
are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency is
resolved.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding offset
to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company measures expense associated with all employee
stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements on a straight-line
basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;. Total director, officer,
and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation to non-employees in
accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees&#8221;
which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier of the performance commitment
date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee stock-based compensation
expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876&#160;for consulting services for the three months
ended March 31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies
are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates
that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount
of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency
is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when it is at least reasonably
possible that a material loss could be incurred.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions
occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency is converted into
NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of conversion or settlement.
On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing exchange rates and the
resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments in shares of stock where
such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217; Equity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following tables present revenue and gross
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company's loss before provision for income tax:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(50,877</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(944,190</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09,
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective
tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual
periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued
or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated
financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03,
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses.
This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The ASU is effective
on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting period beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included
in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 185; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded that
the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and
recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015.
The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative agreement
was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement. In August
2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of NTD31,649,000, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized collaboration
revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase II clinical
trial.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company
has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property rights,
and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between
BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of
the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of NTD50 million, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the total of NTD50 million, approximately
equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit. As of March
31, 2025, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation (See Note 10). Pursuant to Co-Dev Agreement,
the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic
Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay
the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation of the
Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments
made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally shared by both the Company
and Rgene.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under control by a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and a director and officer of the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of
$3.0 million in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the
year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance
of $2,550,000 in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NTD50 per share (approximately equivalent
to $1.60 per share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December
31, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the
severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse
changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements,
and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and
Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to the
Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene to guide three
Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer
and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA IND regulatory
requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million over a 3-year
period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. The Service Agreement
shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier
by either party with six months&#8217; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days
written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company
owning 26.65% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed
to loan $1.0 million and made $0.5 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% interest rate convertible loan
(the &#8220;Note&#8221;). If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to
receive the outstanding loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company
may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share
or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment
as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach
of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding
the breach is provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due
and payable. The Note was fully converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks in 2024. See Note 6 for details.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until
the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months&#8217;
written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s director and officer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;),
pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the &#8220;Product&#8221;):
BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder
of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and common stock shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 10).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0 million
since currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year ended December
31, 2017.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 42,857
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into a second
Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued 41,470
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst in
connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an amendment
to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution to the agreement.
ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization
during a variety of ocular procedures.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development product is
the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s first bio-degradable
vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications and reducing
the need for additional surgeries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst has started the construction of a GMP
factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned
any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst each
entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation,
a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology
pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration,
manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed
Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive a total licensing fee
of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6 per
share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon
completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net sales.&#160;As
of March 31, 2025, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair value of FEYE
stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst, each
entered into an amendment (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and BioFirst
have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally (such
as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and
recognized revenue of $296,000, pursuant to the Amendment. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6.25
million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000, 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer Product in North America,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000 pursuant to the agreement. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024,
respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic (the
Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024 Oncox
Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5
per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after
OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards
the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as defined
in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain.
The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund
such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the time of
transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair
value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net
sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox
to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At the time of
transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024,
respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Above mentioned price of OncoX&#8217;s shares
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property
and Equipment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has offices and labs located in Taiwan,
and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%">Land</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">8,004,520</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">338,966</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,217,756</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,219,244</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,129,804</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,131,169</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Office equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">161,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">163,448</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">11,513,464</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,852,827</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: accumulated depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3,344,718</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3,341,739</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Property and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">8,168,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">511,088</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Depreciation expenses were $7,021&#160;and $1,286
for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the land with book value
amounted to approximately $334,520 and $338,966 (except for the recently acquired land in Puli, Taiwan, amounted to $7,670,000), respectively,
were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists of the
properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd.
(the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of the
land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the
areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base
for the China market and global development of these interests.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The valuation of such property is $37 million;
based on the Company&#8217;s 20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land parcel,
or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and enforceable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of land in Taiwan</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2024, AiBtl issued 1,534,000 AiBtl&#8217;s common stocks to acquire
farmland in Taiwan, which land will be used for developing health related businesses. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements,
the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is under government review, pending completion of the title transfer registration. However, upon
the closing of the transaction, both parties are aware of such Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting foreign entities directly
owning farmland. In addition to newly incorporated controlling subsidiary, Yunzhiyi, to be holding the title of the land upon government&#8217;s
approval, on March 31, 2025, the Company and the landowners executed the Nominee Holding Agreement, Land Lease Agreement, and Consulting
Agreement, under the witness of and confirmed by a legal counsel in Taiwan, in which the landowners unconditionally grant the full legal
rights to the land to the Company before the completion of the title transfer. Based on the execution of the agreement, the Company recognized
$7,670,000 ($5 per share of AiBtl&#8217;s common stock) of land on its balance sheet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b>6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b>&#160;&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accounting</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2025</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>treatments</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 55%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.17</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.17</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 20%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost Method</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.67</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.67</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost Method</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.90</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.90</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost Method</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19.78</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost Method</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18.68</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18.68</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity&#160;Method</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>


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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">559,471</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term
investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment.
The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares
of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is both
$1,124,842.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for
the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the
financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns
37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">During the three-month periods ended
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The components of loss on investment in equity
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049
ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards
the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This
prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business and financial
conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The
Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beginning with the date that is six months from
the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,651,
until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration,
conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;). At the Company&#8217;s
discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of
cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares
by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes
sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the
Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s control.
&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in
accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of March 31, 2025, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025, and bears no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition to
any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase warrant to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years. The warrants
were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded to debt discount.
An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. During the year
ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.
Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining $400,000 principal
balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition to
any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued using
the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount. An amendment
was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the
Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company to make
a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion or repayment
to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted $400,000
principal balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, November 19, 2024, and January
9, 2025, Lind exercised 1,000,000, 500,000, 1,029,167 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise
price of $0.75, $0.42, and $0.40 per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Total interest expenses in connection with the
above three Lind Notes were $209,372 and $172,884 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024, the
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible notes payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate individuals,
for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible notes
bear a 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before the
maturity. AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before maturity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The convertible notes payable is accounted for
in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined that
it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were allocated
to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount is recorded
in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The debt discount is being amortized over the 1-year term using the effective
interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $984 in interest expense related to the amortization
of the debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">March
    31, <br/>
2025</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Entity</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Maturity<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Principal<br/>
    Amount at<br/> Issuance</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Stated<br/>
    Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Effective<br/>
    Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Conversion<br/>
    Price</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Common<br/>
    Stock<br/> to&#160;be<br/> converted</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Amount at<br/> Balance<br/> Sheet Date</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Unamortized<br/>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Carrying<br/>
    Value</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Fair<br/>
    Value</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2nd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 17, 2023</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">86.94</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">26,110</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">173,890</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">240,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3rd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">July 17, 2025</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,000,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">87.40</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">800,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">196,114</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">603,886</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">960,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Other Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 1, 2024</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 1, 2025</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6.89</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5.00</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,119</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">28,881</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Other
    Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 5, 2024</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 5, 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6.89</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5.00</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,118</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">28,882</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,260,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,060,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">224,460</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">835,539</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,260,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">December
    31, <br/>
2024</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Entity</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Maturity<br/>
    Date</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Principal<br/>
    Amount at<br/> Issuance</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Stated<br/>
    Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Effective<br/>
    Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Conversion<br/>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2nd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3rd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,000,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">388,685</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">611,315</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Other Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 1, 2024</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 1, 2025</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6.89</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5.00</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,610</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">28,390</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Other
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 5, 2024</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">November 5, 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6.89</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5.00</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,611</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">28,389</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,260,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,460,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">509,954</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">950,046</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,740,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Accrued research and development expense</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,799,583</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,799,583</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">991,821</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,025,867</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">227,284</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">127,759</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">140,252</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">126,106</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">617,879</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">557,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,826,819</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,509,422</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Cathay United Bank</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">169,407</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">200,252</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">CTBC Bank</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">602,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">610,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other individual</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">801,407</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">840,252</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay United
Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#8220;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#8221;) in a credit limit amount of NTD 7.5
million, equivalent to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest at
a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on the term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank. The
Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.99% and 2.99%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building and improvement
of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the
Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD 937,500, equivalent to $29,250.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $1,470 and $1,736 for the
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite Taiwan
and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit limit
amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with the same
maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC for one
year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan balances
bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank. This loan
was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite Taiwan opened
a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $3,761 and $3,964 for the
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21, 2025,
or upon the occurrence of an event of default. The promissory note was extended for anther year and matures on March 21, 2026, with the
same terms.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Interest expenses were $888 and $0 for the three
months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The related parties of the company with whom transactions
are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of entity or Individual</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">GenePharm Inc. (the &#8220;GenePharm&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Jiangs</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary
shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member
of board of directors of BioFirst<br/>
<br/>
</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s
wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.<br/>
<br/>
</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#8217;s
son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.<br/>
<br/>
</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s
sibling and the director of the Company.<br/>
<br/>
</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#8217;s
    sibling.</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation (&#8220;BHK&#8221;)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl Holding&#8221;) &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by the Jiangs.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There was no cash receipt for the three months
ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from related parties on the licensing agreements or other services. Therefore, no related party revenue
was recognized during these periods. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion Arts Promotion Inc to provide operation,
business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is for 12 months expiring in February 2025,
and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $68,141 and $14,628 for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due from related party- Current</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%">Rgene (1)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">839,983</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">839,983</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">120,210</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">958,616</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1) &#160;</span></td>
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year
    convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per
    annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may
    convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share
    or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment
    as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach
    of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice
    regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until
    April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the
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    were converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. </span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
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    agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract
    executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but
    on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On
    July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement
    with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with
    an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount
    of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan
    agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter
    of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost
    for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due
    from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and
    allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia)
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    stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties are
subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market conditions,
macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of March 31, 2025, the
Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except those
being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any significant
indicators of potential default.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount due to related parties consisted of the
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">AiBtl Holding (1)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">The Jiangs (2)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">222,522</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">274,170</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Shareholders (3)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">140,266</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">142,130</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">65,738</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Directors (5)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,953</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,526</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">819,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">773,045</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>11. INCOME TAXES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">Income tax (benefit)
expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $0 and $0, respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">Deferred tax assets (liability) as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist approximately of:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#160;31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Loss on impairment of assets</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">713,223</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">713,223</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net operating loss carryforwards</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,870,805</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,677,413</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">155,559</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">178,014</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(155,559</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(178,014</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets, gross</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">6,584,028</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">6,390,636</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(6,584,028</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(6,390,636</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Deferred tax assets, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>12. EQUITY</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company previously reported that during the
year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the three months ended March 31,
2024, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $225,740.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After further reviewed and investigation, above
services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the
period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $225,740 for the three months
ended March 31, 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a
cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior period reported amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land
she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up
to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was to
also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board
of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not proceed
with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and booked as
treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In July 2024, the Company entered into an agreement
with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through July 2024,
in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares were issued
on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent, 45,293 shares
on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025, the Company issued
28,135 shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively. On April
9, 2025, the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February and March
2025 rent, and April 2025 rent, by issuing 120,398 of the Company&#8217;s common stock, in the value of $66,219.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700 AiBtl&#8217;s
common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred beginning
in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not acquired ownership
of the land and no asset was recognized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated in August 2024, with 90%
owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for holding the land that
AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, the
title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl entered a series of agreements
with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the process of transferring the title.
These agreements are effective until the title transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset on its balance sheet on March 31, 2025.
Refer to Note 6 for details.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the issuance
of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to 529,167
shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject to adjustment.
The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement
in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing
warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for 751,795 shares, totaling $681,000. As of December
31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the issuance
of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued using
the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the issuance
of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase up
to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants issued
to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common
stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per share (the
&#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model. The New Warrants
may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective. As of December 31,
2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according to this agreement.
All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company
issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the
conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities as of December 31, 2024.
On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining $400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks. All principal balance of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note was fully converted
as of April 1, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common
stocks, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares
of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of<br/> Underlying<br/> Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Exercise<br/> Price<br/> Per Share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Contractual<br/> Life<br/> Remaining<br/> in Years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate<br/> Intrinsic<br/> Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Outstanding as of January 1, 2025</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,029,167</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.70</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">*</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4.20</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">195,542</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Issued</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Exercised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,029,167</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">0.40</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Outstanding as of March 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">0.40</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">4.14</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to
which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise
price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December
31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has not granted any options during
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company&#8217;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#8217;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no unvested options.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Options issued and outstanding as of March 31,
2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Outstanding as of January 1, 2025</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">258,710</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">258,710</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">27.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">6.50</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable as of March 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">258,710</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">27.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">6.50</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">258,710</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">27.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">6.50</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>14. LOSS PER SHARE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net
loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss
by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the three months ended March 31,
2025 and 2024.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Diluted loss per share takes into account the
potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common Stock.
Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 203; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>15. LEASE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company applied the following practical expedients
in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to make
lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognized lease liabilities, with
corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use assets</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">533,460</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">640,387</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">LIABILITIES</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (current)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">366,475</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">403,581</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">166,985</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">236,807</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease expenses</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">117,166</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">98,502</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">117,166</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">98,502</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.43 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Weighted Average Discount Rate:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating leases</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.32</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.19</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Operating<br/> leases</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%">2025 (Excluding current period)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">302,071</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">104,849</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">46,699</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">46,699</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">46,699</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">547,017</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(13,557</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Present value of future minimum lease payments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">533,460</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of March 31, 2025 and up through the date of
the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing 724,372 unregistered shares at $0.60 to $0.65 per share, raising
a total of $436,125.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company issued 9,909 unregistered
restricted shares to an individual consultant as a consideration of $9,800 ($0.99 per share) for the services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company issued 50,000 and 90,277
shares of common stock to two advisors for their financial and business advisory services, as the consideration of $52,500 and $94,791
($1.05 and $1.05 per share), respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, AiBtl issued 1,800 shares of its
common stock at $5 per share, raising a total of $9,000 from an individual investor.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-6"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT&#8217;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following information should be read in conjunction
with ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries (&#8220;we&#8221;, &#8220;us&#8221;, &#8220;our&#8221;, or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) condensed
unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report. Information in this Item 2, &#8220;Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,&#8221; and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q that does not consist
of historical facts, are &#8220;forward-looking statements.&#8221; Statements accompanied or qualified by, or containing words such as
&#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221;
&#8220;projects,&#8221; &#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;predicts,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;outlook,&#8221; &#8220;forecast,&#8221;
&#8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;presume,&#8221; and &#8220;assume&#8221; constitute forward-looking statements, and as such, are not
a guarantee of future performance.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Forward-looking statements are subject to risks
and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated as a result
of the factors described in the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and detailed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;)
filings. Risks and uncertainties can include, among others, international, national and local general economic and market conditions:
demographic changes; the ability of the Company to sustain, manage or forecast its growth; the ability of the Company to successfully
make and integrate acquisitions; raw material costs and availability; new product development and introduction; existing government regulations
and changes in, or the failure to comply with, government regulations; adverse publicity; competition; the loss of significant customers
or suppliers; fluctuations and difficulty in forecasting operating results; changes in business strategy or development plans; business
disruptions; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the ability to obtain sufficient financing to continue and expand
business operations; the ability to develop technology and products; changes in technology and the development of technology and intellectual
property by competitors; the ability to protect technology and develop intellectual property; and other factors referenced in this and
previous filings. Consequently, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as predictive of future results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because of these risks and uncertainties, the
forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report or incorporated by reference might not transpire. Factors that cause
actual results or conditions to differ from those anticipated by these and other forward-looking statements include those more fully described
elsewhere in this report and in the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section of our annual report on form 10-K.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company disclaims any obligation to update
the forward-looking statements in this report.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma Inc., which was incorporated under
the laws of the State of Nevada on February 6, 2002, is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on development of new drugs
and medical devices, all of which are derived from plants. The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries, BriVision, BioLite Holding
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned
subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006.
BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up for
holding land located in Puli, Tawain that AiBtl is in the process of acquiring, which land will be used for developing health related
business. As of the date hereof, the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is currently under government review, pending completion of the
title transfer registration. Due to Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting foreign entities from directly owning farmland, the
parties agreed to structure the arrangement through nominee holdings.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Medicines derived from plants have a long history
of relieving or preventing many diseases and, typically, have exhibited fewer side effects than drugs developed from animals or chemical
ingredients. Perhaps the most famous example is aspirin, which evolved from a compound found in the bark and leaves of the willow tree
and was later marketed by Bayer starting in 1899. Aspirin has very few serious side effects and has proven to be one of the most successful
drugs in medical history. Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds in the rosy periwinkle, which Eli Lilly subsequently
produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease. Other well-known examples of successful botanical drugs include the cancer-fighting
Taxol, isolated from the Pacific yew tree.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company develops its pipeline by carefully
tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease
animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other specialists known to the Company
to identify drugs that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s internal qualifications. Once a drug is
shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization, BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from
the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly respected principal investigators in the United States,
Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, we have found that research institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with
the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting phase
II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators: Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta Li, MD, Ph.D - Taipei Veterans General Hospital</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Phase II Part 1 completed. Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. Phase II, Part 2 clinical study sites include UCSF and 5 locations in Taiwan. The Principal Investigators are Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine; Susan Shur-Fen Gau, M.D., National Taiwan University Hospital; Xinzhang Ni, M.D. Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Wenjun Xhou, M.D.; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Ton-Ping Su, M.D., Cheng Hsin General Hospital; Cheng-Ta Li, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Phase II, Part 2 began in the 1st quarter of 2022 at the 5 Taiwan sites. The UCSF site joined the study in the 2nd quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number for interim analysis in December 2023, and the interim analysis of the study is in progress.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. - Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study will be initiated around the end of 2025.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 207; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following trials are expected to begin in
the fourth quarter of 2025:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of a Phase II trial,
ABVC will seek a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical
device upon approval by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another part of the Company&#8217;s business is
conducted by BioKey, a wholly-owned subsidiary, that is engaged in a wide range of services, including, API characterization, pre-formulation
studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical
trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">\The Vitargus<sup>&#174;</sup> Phase II study was
put on hold due to Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) observed in patients with retinal detachment treated with either Vitargus or SF6 comparator
after vitrectomy surgeries at the Thailand sites. By comparing the Thailand study with the First-in-Human (FIH) study completed in Australia
in 2018, the SAEs derived from the patients in the Thailand study may be due to the modified <i>in-situ </i>hydrogel procedure which allows
a longer surgical time window for the study. The Company is investigating the root causes of the events and is working towards developing
a safe device <i>in-situ </i>procedure before reinstating the study.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 5, 2025, Leeds Chow notified the Company
of his resignation as CFO. While the Company is looking for a full-time Chief Financial Officer to fill the vacancy created by Leeds Chow&#8217;s
resignation, the Company&#8217;s CEO, Uttam Patil will serve as the interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain land
she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase up
to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was to
also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board
of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not proceed
with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and the warrants
were not issued.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company, and one of its
co-development partners, BioFirst Corporation, a company registered in Taiwan (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), each entered into a twenty-year,
global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation, a company registered in
the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology pipeline, including
Vitargus (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed Products.
As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive a total licensing fee of $33,500,000,
composed of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30
days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3,500,000 cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon completion of next
round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net Sales. As of March 31,
2025, the Company has received 5,000,000 FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair value of FEYE stock is
uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst, each
entered into an amendment (the &#8220;<b>Amendment</b>&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3,500,000 per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has received $296,000 as the partial
second milestone payment and recognized as licensing revenue according to ASC 606.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant to which
the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract from the
dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000
Oncox shares valued at $5 per share; p<span style="background-color: white">rice was determined through private negotiations between the
parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span>) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement and $625,000 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in North America, of which
there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. As
of March 31, 2025, the Company has received $200,000 as the partial second milestone payment and recognized as licensing revenue according
to ASC 606.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with OncoX
BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company will
grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit
body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain
territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof,
Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share; p<span style="background-color: white">rice
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span> ) within 30 days of entering
into the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from
the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, from
the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay
the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another
agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary, BioLite Inc (collectively,
the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant to which the licensors will
grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit
body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product), within a certain territory,
specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;). In each agreement for consideration
thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share; p<span style="background-color: white">rice
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span>) within 30 days of entering
into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from
the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC
Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a
lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary, BioLite Inc (collectively,
the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant to which the licensors will
grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit
body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a
certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreements&#8221;). In consideration thereof,
Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share; p<span style="background-color: white">rice
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span>) 30 days after entering
the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from
the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed
Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Common Stock Reverse Split</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock (the &#8220;2023 Split&#8221;). The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s
Special Shareholder Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding
shares and to increase the per share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. In turn,
the Company believes that the Reverse Stock Split will enable the Company to restore compliance with certain continued listing standards
of NASDAQ Capital Market.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 14, 2023, the Company filed a certificate
of amendment to the Company&#8217;s articles of incorporation (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to implement the 2023 Split with the Secretary
of State of the State of Nevada. The 2023 Split took effect on July 25, 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Series A Convertible Preferred Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2025, no Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock has been issued by the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023, Nasdaq granted the Company an extension
until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the
stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the holder
received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $0.5 million.
Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co.,
Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange
for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note
in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;),
that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment. On August 24,
2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678
shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share.
Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of
September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1 million by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&#8217;
equity increased by an additional $1 million. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217; estimated that
its stockholders&#8217; equity would increase by approximately $10.65 million. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company
is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the Company does not
evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 10, 2024, we received a notification letter
from the Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period of
30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="background-color: white">On
April 24, 2025, we received a letter from the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;<b>Staff</b>&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing us that,
as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i>&#160;was
$723,959, as of April 23, 2025, we did not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations,
and we no longer comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;<b>Rule 5550</b>&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="background-color: white">We
have 45 calendar days to submit a plan to the Staff to regain compliance. If our plan is accepted, we may be granted an extension of up
to 180 calendar days from the date of the letter, or until October 21, 2025, to evidence compliance.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="background-color: white">In
determining whether to accept our plan, the Staff will consider such things as the likelihood that the plan will result in compliance
with Nasdaq&#8217;s continued listing criteria, our past compliance history, the reasons for our current non-compliance, other corporate
events that may occur within our review period, our overall financial condition, and our public disclosures. If the Staff does not accept
our plan, we will have the opportunity to appeal that decision to a Hearings Panel.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Nasdaq notification has
no immediate effect on the listing of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We intend to actively monitor our&#160;<i>stockholders&#8217;
equity</i>&#160;and will consider options available to us to achieve compliance with Rule 5550. There can be no assurance that we will
be able to regain compliance with the Listing Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for the Nasdaq
Capital Market.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">If our Common Stock ultimately
were to be delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact us by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our Common Stock;
(ii) reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Common Stock; (ii) limiting our ability to use a registration statement
to offer and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing us from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our
ability to provide equity incentives to our employees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Joint Venture Agreement</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &#8220;Completion Date&#8221;),
ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the
Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Biolite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint
Venture Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Biolite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <i>Kabushiki Kaisha</i>) incorporated
on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the Agreement had 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding
(the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned 1,501 ordinary shares and the
Company owned 1,548 ordinary shares. The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce to writing their intention to
invest in and operate Biolite JP as a joint venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research and development of drugs,
medical device and digital media, investment, fund raising and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried by Biolite
JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or business, as the Agreement may with mutual consent be amended from time to
time. The closing of the transaction was conditioned upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals, which have
all been received.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company
shall appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&#8217;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi;
the current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director. The Agreement further provides that the Company and Biolite JP shall assign the research collaboration and license
agreement between them to Biolite JP or prepare the same (the &#8220;License Agreement&#8221;). The aforementioned transactions occurred
on the Completion Date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall
supervise and manage the business and operations of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services
as a director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all
of its Ordinary Shares, the Shareholder-appointed director must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain corporate
actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &#8220;Reserved Matters&#8221;). If the Shareholders are unable to make a
decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after which they
must refer the matter to each Shareholder&#8217;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute is not resolved
within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&#8217;s Ordinary Shares for cash at
a specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite
JP if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&#8217;s
Ordinary Shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately $272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the Agreement,
each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be liable for the
bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately $134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility. The Agreement
further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&#8217;s profits, if it has sufficient
cash to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Biolite JP agree to use their
best efforts to execute the License Agreement by the end of December 2021. The Company agreed that any negotiation on behalf of Biolite
JP regarding the terms of the License Agreement shall be handled by the directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company and such Lucidaim
directors do not reach agreement on the terms, Biolite JP may at its sole discretion determine not to execute the License Agreement without
any liability to the Company. The company is negotiating on the licensing terms and expects to conclude soon.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&#8217;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
$4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately $18,000) and then only to the extent such
liability exceed such limit.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture and BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated and shall continue until terminated by: (i) either party by giving the other party at least 6 months written notice,
until the end of the 10 years, after which the parties can terminate at any time or (ii) or by written agreement of all Shareholders,
in which case it shall terminate automatically on the date upon which all Ordinary Shares are owned by one Shareholder. The Agreement
also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder, as set forth in the Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction and was conducted
at arm&#8217;s length. In addition to the Company&#8217;s board of directors providing approval for the Company to enter into the Agreement,
the Company&#8217;s audit committee approved the Company&#8217;s entry into the Agreement. The Board believes that this joint venture
will enhance the Company&#8217;s ability to provide therapeutic solutions to significant unmet medical needs and to develop innovative
botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&#8220;CNS&#8221;) and oncology/ hematology diseases. The Company&#8217;s Board of Directors
believes that the joint venture has the potential to provide the Company with access to additional early-stage product candidates that
it would not otherwise have access to and to introduce the Company to early-stage opportunities, and therefore the Board believes the
joint venture is in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Recent Research Results</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vitargus&#174; Clinical Development:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Phase II clinical study of Vitargus&#174; commenced
in the second quarter of 2023. Study sites include Ramathibodi Hospital (Principal Investigator: Dr. Duangnate Rojanaporn) and Srinagarind
Hospital (Principal Investigator: Dr. Thuss Sanguansak) in Thailand, and Sydney Eye Hospital (Principal Investigator: Professor Dr. Matthew
Simunovic) and East Melbourne Eye Group/East Melbourne Retina (Principal Investigator: Dr. Elvis Ojaimi) in Australia. The Company is
currently producing a new investigational batch to support product improvements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is developing ABV-2002, a corneal
storage solution intended for use prior to penetrating keratoplasty or endothelial keratoplasty. ABV-2002 is formulated with a poly amino
acid polymer that adjusts osmolarity to maintain hydration and prevent corneal swelling. It also contains a phenolic phytochemical providing
antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Preliminary internal testing by BioFirst indicated potential advantages over existing storage
media. Further clinical development has been temporarily suspended due to funding constraints.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst Corporation Operations:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioFirst Corporation, incorporated in 2006, focuses
on research, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of patented pharmaceutical products, primarily through global exclusive
licensing agreements with domestic R&amp;D institutions. BioFirst&#8217;s principal product under development is Vitargus&#174;, licensed
from the National Health Research Institutes. BioFirst is currently constructing a GMP-compliant manufacturing facility in Hsinchu Biomedical
Science Park, Taiwan, with targeted completion in 2025. This facility is intended to support global supply of Vitargus&#174;.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABV-1505 ADHD Clinical Study:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 12, 2022, the Company announced enrollment
progress in the Phase II Part II clinical study of ABV-1505, a treatment candidate for adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD). As of the date of this report, 69 subjects have been enrolled, including 50 subjects who have completed the 56-day treatment.
The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving research centers in Taiwan and the University of California,
San Francisco (UCSF). UCSF&#8217;s Institutional Review Board approved participation, and the site initiation visit was completed in March
2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i><span style="text-decoration:underline">Public Offering &amp; Financings</span></i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2025 Financings</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the first quarter of 2025, the Company
continued to strategically manage its outstanding convertible debt obligations with Lind Global Fund II, LP. In connection with the Senior
Convertible Promissory Note issued in November 2023 (2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company has successfully completed all conversions
through equity issuances, thereby extinguishing the remaining principal balance. As of the date of this filing, only the corresponding
cash components for four prior conversions remain to be settled, which the Company intends to address through the exercise of outstanding
warrants-demonstrating a proactive and non-dilutive repayment approach. Additionally, for the Senior Convertible Promissory Note issued
in January 2024 (3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company has reduced the outstanding balance to $600,000, following two equity conversions
of $200,000 each. The remaining cash obligations for these conversions are also expected to be fulfilled in a similar warrant-based strategy,
although no definitive agreement has been entered as of the date hereof and there is no guarantee that a definitive agreement will be
entered. These steps reflect the Company&#8217;s commitment to meeting its obligations while preserving long-term shareholder value and
capitalizing on structured equity mechanisms to support operational continuity and financial health.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167
of the Existing Warrants (the number of warrants so exercised is herein referred to as the &#8220;Outstanding Exercised Warrants&#8221;)
to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share.
Other than the Outstanding Exercised Warrants, the exercise price of the remaining warrants held by Lind remained unchanged. Pursuant
to the December Letter Agreement, the Company also agreed not to sell or issue any additional shares of common stock for a period of 15
days following the closing, with some noted exceptions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2024 Financings</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into another letter agreement (the &#8220;November Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise, for cash, 500,000
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price
of $0.42 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 18, 2024, the Company issued Lind 200,000
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note. According to the amended
agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such
floor. Based on the conversion price of $0.4229, the Company made an additional $147,892 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of
200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 11, 2024, the Company issued Lind
200,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note. According to the
amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below
such floor. Based on the conversion price of $0.6575, the Company made an additional $90,722 cash repayment in addition to the issuance
of 200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 12, 2024, the Company issued Lind 200,000
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note. According to the amended
agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such
floor. Based on the conversion price of $0.7907, the Company made an additional $88,403 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of
200,000 shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement (the &#8220;Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) exercised,
for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January
17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;) to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise
price of $0.75 per share. Lind also received a new warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares Common Stock, exercisable at any time on or after
the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per share (the &#8220;New Lind Warrant&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333 (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;),
that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the
&#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) during the
20 trading days prior to conversion (&#8220;Variable Price&#8221;), subject to adjustment (the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) shall have occurred, conversions under the
3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing date. Lind will also receive a 5-year,
common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, Note Shares and 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant, the &#8220;Securities&#8221;). The parties later agreed to
a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the Variable Price was less than such
floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant may be exercised
via cashless exercise in the event a registration statement covering the Warrant Shares is not available for the resale of such Warrant
Shares or upon exercise of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant in connection with a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase
agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the offering, the Company proposes to offer or sell
any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10% of such
new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Offering, the Company and
its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the offering
(the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined). The
sale of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note and the terms of the offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the securities purchase agreement,
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant, the Second Amendment to Guaranty, the Second Amendment to Security Agreement,
and the Second Amendment to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the offering. the Company has agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the offering and issued them a warrant to purchase up to 25,000 shares of common stock, on the
same terms as set forth in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities purchase agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Financing in 2023</span>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $1,200,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $1,000,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the &#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and
(ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) during the 20 trading days prior to conversion,
subject to adjustment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) shall
have occurred, conversions under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing
date. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;2<sup>nd </sup>Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to
1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share, subject to adjustment. The parties
later agreed to a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the variable price
was less than such floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Securities Purchase Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company proposes to offer or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity
to purchase up to 10% of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company and its subsidiaries: (i) BioKey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv)
American BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite,
and BioLite BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents
(as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Note and the terms of the 2<sup>nd
</sup>Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the 2<sup>nd </sup>Lind
Note, the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant, the First Amendment to Guaranty, the First Amendment to Security Agreement, and the First Amendment
to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering. We have agreed to pay
certain expenses of the placement agent in connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An amendment was filed on February 29, 2024 to
disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall
have a floor price of $1.00 (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to
Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of June 30, 2024, this February 2023 Lind Note
was fully repaid. On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;Lind Securities Purchase
Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible
note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;),
that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment
(the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). The Company also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase
up to 529,1,67 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment
(each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with the Note, Note Shares and Warrants, the &#8220;Lind Securities&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Note does not carry any interest. Beginning
with the date that is six months from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company
shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,651, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or
on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof
(the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;). At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of
the Company&#8217;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined
by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading
days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may
make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a
cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note
(the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents. The
Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced to
115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Securities Purchase
Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the Lind Offering, the Company proposes to offer
or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10%
of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Lind Offering, the Company
and its subsidiaries: (i) BioKey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the Lind
Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Lind Note and the terms of the
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the Note, the Warrant, a Security Agreement,
Guarantor Security, Guaranty, a Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation, a Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst, a Patent
Security Agreement, a Copyright Security Agreement and a Stock Pledge Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the Lind Offering. As a result of the Lind Offering, the
Company will pay the Placement Agent (i) a cash fee of 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Securities, and (ii) common stock
purchase warrants to purchase 6% of the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Lind Note. We also agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to register all of the Lind Securities and the shares of common stock underlying the warrant issued to the placement
agent.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 12, 2023, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement (the &#8220;Letter Agreement&#8221;) pursuant to which Lind agreed to waive any default, any Event of Default,
and any Mandatory Default Amount (each as defined in the Note) associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5
million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024. Notwithstanding the waiver, Lind retains its right to exercise conversion rights
under 2.2(a), 2.2(c)(2)(x) and 3.1 of the Note, which could result in a substantial amount of common stock issued at a significant discount
to the trading price of the Company&#8217;s common stock. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization
and is unable to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s
control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 1, 2023, Lind converted $500,000 convertible
notes into 142,857 shares of Common Stock, at a conversion price of $3.50 per share, as an installment repayment to the Lind Note.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into that
certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of 300,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, the pre-funded warrants were exercised.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The transaction contemplated by the SPA was closed
on July 31, 2023, as all the closing conditions have been satisfied.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid to the placement agents an aggregate
cash fee equal to 6% of the aggregate sales price of the securities sold and warrants to purchase up to 30,000 shares of Common Stock,
on the same terms as the Pre-Funded Warrants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Strategy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Advancing to the pivotal trial phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus<sup>&#174;</sup> for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect to generate revenues in the future.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development, and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business Objectives</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is operating its core business based
on collaborative activities that can generate current and future revenues through research, development and/or commercialization joint
venture agreements. The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each type of payments results in revenue except
for revenue from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, we have not received
any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service
to the joint venture partner.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annual basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on a
prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing of
future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst each
entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation,
a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology
pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration,
manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed
Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive a total licensing fee
of $33,500,000, composed of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6 per
share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3,500,000 cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon completion
of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net Sales. As of
March 31, 2025, the Company has received 5,000,000 FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since the fair value of FEYE
stock is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst, each
entered into an amendment (the &#8220;<b>Amendment</b>&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3,500,000 per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. In 2024 the Company received in cash and recognized revenue $296,000,
pursuant to the Amendment. There was no transaction incurred during the period ended March 31, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6,250,000
(or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>1</sup>) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000, 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the Net Sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer Product in North America,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.In
2024 the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000, pursuant to the agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic (the
Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024 Oncox
Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>2</sup>)
within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the May 8,
2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company
will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.
Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at
$5 per share<sup>3</sup>) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net
Sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox
to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>4</sup>)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(i)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In February and December of 2015, BioLite, Inc. entered into a total of three joint venture agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), ABV-1504 for MDD and ABV-1505 for ADHD. The agreements granted marketing rights to BioHopeKing for certain Asian countries in return for a series of milestone payments totaling $10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by BioHopeKing.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The milestone payments are determined by a schedule
of BioLite development achievements as shown below:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: justify">Execution of BHK Co-Development Agreement</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Investigational New Drug (IND) Submission</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Phase II Clinical Trial Complete</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Initiation of Phase III Clinical Trial</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">New Drug Application (NDA) Submission</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">10,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In December of 2015, BHK paid the initial cash payment of $1 million upon the execution of the BHK Agreement. The Company concluded that certain deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this cash payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015. The payment included compensation for past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before the BHK agreement was signed and does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in the BHK Agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of $1 million, and recognized collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1504 MDD on October 31, 2019, but has not yet completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1505 ADHD.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite Inc. is entitled to receive a royalty equal to 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to ABV-1501, ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned royalties under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(v)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with BioLite Japan
K.K.</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &#8220;Completion Date&#8221;),
the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;),
and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;).
BioLite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <i>Kabushiki Kaisha</i>) incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the
Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;).
Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned 1,501 ordinary shares and the Company owned the 1,548 ordinary shares.
The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce to writing their desire to invest in and operate BioLite JP as a joint
venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment,
fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any
other territory or businesses as may from time to time be agreed by an amendment to the Agreement. The closing of the transaction is
conditioned upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals, which have been received.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of BioLite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company
shall appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&#8217;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi;
the current director of BioLite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director. The Agreement further provides that the Company and BioLite JP shall assign the research collaboration and license
agreement between them to BioLite JP or prepare the same (the &#8220;License Agreement&#8221;). The aforementioned transactions occurred
on the Completion Date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall
supervise and manage the business and operations of BioLite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services
as a director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all
of its Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain
corporate actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &#8220;Reserved Matters&#8221;). If the Shareholders are unable
to make a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after
which they must refer the matter to each Shareholder&#8217;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute is not
resolved within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&#8217;s Ordinary Shares for
cash at a specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in BioLite
JP if BioLite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&#8217;s
Ordinary Shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires BioLite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately $272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the Agreement,
each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be liable for the
bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately $134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility. The Agreement
further provides that BioLite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite&#8217;s profits, if it has sufficient
cash to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the agreement between the Company and BioLite JP, both
parties agreed to use their best efforts to execute a License Agreement by the end of December 2021. Under the terms of the agreement,
negotiations on behalf of BioLite JP are conducted by directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company and such directors do not reach
agreement on the terms, BioLite JP may, at its sole discretion, elect not to execute the License Agreement without any liability to the
Company. The company is negotiating on the licensing terms and expects to conclude soon.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite&#8217;s
activities, shall belong to BioLite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
$4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately $18,000) and then only to the extent such
liability exceed such limit.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction. In 2024,
the Company recognized fully $150,000 loss in equity method investment based on continuing operating losses of BioLite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2024, the Japan Patent Office
granted a new patent protection for the Company&#8217;s Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) candidate, ABV-1504. The patent is valid through
2040 and will help BioLite Japan market and commercialize the product.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>BioKey Revenues</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to collaborative agreements, ABVC
earns revenue through its wholly-owned BioKey subsidiary which provides a wide range of Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization
(&#8220;CDMO&#8221;) services including API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development,
stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials (from Phase I through Phase III) and commercial
manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioKey provides a variety of regulatory
services tailored to the needs of its customers, which include proofreading and regulatory review of submission documents related to
formulation development, clinical trials, marketed products, generics, nutraceuticals and OTC products and training presentations. In
addition to supporting ABVC&#8217;s new drug development, BioKey submits INDs, NDAs, ANDAs, and DMFs to the FDA, on ABVC&#8217;s behalf
in compliance with new electronic submission guidelines of the FDA.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization
declared the coronavirus outbreak a &#8220;Public Health Emergency of International Concern&#8221; and on March 10, 2020, declared it
to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the coronavirus include restrictions on travel, and quarantines
in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The coronavirus and actions taken to mitigate
it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including
the geographical area in which the Company operates. While the closures and limitations on movement, domestically and internationally,
are expected to be temporary, if the outbreak continues on its current trajectory the duration of the supply chain disruption could reduce
the availability, or result in delays, of materials or supplies to and from the Company, which in turn could materially interrupt the
Company&#8217;s business operations. Given the speed and frequency of the continuously evolving developments with respect to this pandemic,
the Company cannot reasonably estimate the magnitude of the impact to its consolidated results of operations. We have taken every precaution
possible to ensure the safety of our employees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic, including variants, has
adversely affected, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, elements of our CDMO business sector. The COVID-19 pandemic government
imposed restrictions constrained researcher access to labs globally. These constraints limited scientific discovery capacity and we observed
that demand in those labs fell well below historic levels. As constraints on social distancing were gradually lifted around the world
recently, labs have been able to increase research activity. While we believe that underlying demand is still not yet at pre-COVID-19
levels since lab operations remain below their normal capacity, we are hopeful that the vaccination programs that are underway combined
with policy changes planned for the summer will further increase research activity and support a return to pre-COVID-19 demand levels
worldwide.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve
rapidly, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely, including its potential effect on our plans and timelines.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, it is reasonably possible that estimates
made in the financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these conditions,
including losses on inventory; impairment losses related to goodwill and other long-lived assets and current obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restatement of Consolidated Financial Statements</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company restated its financial statements as of and for the year
ended December 31, 2023 (the &#8220;2023 Restatement&#8221;), to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying
accounting guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and
misidentifying the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company entered into a cooperation agreement
on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property
and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock as the consideration, and
used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the time of preparing its financial statements
for fiscal 2024, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable fair
value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the Company.
As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset acquisition&#8221;
account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company also corrected
the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued on the same
day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP. Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest expenses $1,179,667
for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the convertible note being
converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries
entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023, but later discovered
that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner. Such shares reduced
the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts in our consolidated
financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed in Note 12 to the financial statements
for the year ended December 31, 2024, in July 2019 the Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock
to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the
Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the
costs of services should be recognized along with the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation
expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December
31, 2022, was corrected with the Stock Subscription Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For further details about the impact of the Restatement,
please see the Notes to the Company&#8217;s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in its Annual Report on
Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Summary of Critical Accounting Policies</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has identified critical accounting
policies that, as a result of judgments, uncertainties, uniqueness and complexities of the underlying accounting standards and operation
involved could result in material changes to our financial position or results of operations under different conditions or using different
assumptions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company uses the same accounting policies
in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated
financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S.
GAAP&#8221;) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the
Company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025 (&#8220;2024 Form 10-K.&#8221;)</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Estimates and Assumptions</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In preparing our consolidated financial statements,
we use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Our estimates are often based on complex judgments,
probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. We are also subject
to other risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business
Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of accounting upon
formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does not apply to joint
ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective for joint venture
with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the
standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Results of Operations - Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Restated).</b>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table presents, for the three months
indicated, our unaudited consolidated statements of operations information.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31,<br/>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31,<br/>
 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Increase<br/>
(Decrease)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Revenue</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,205</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(1,205</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">-100</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Gross Profits</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">928</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(928</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-100</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating Expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">693,005</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,839,183</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,146,178</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-76</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(693,005</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,838,255</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,145,250</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-76</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(251,185</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(89,412</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(161,773</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">181</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(203,896</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(177,627</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(26,269</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Revenues. </i></b>We generated $0 and $1,205
in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Besides assisting our licensees seeking for potential business
opportunities and investors, the Company also is exploring other revenue streams, including the FDA application services which generated
limited revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2024. For out-licensing agreements, please refer to the above collaborative agreements
for details.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Operating Expenses.</i></b> Our operating expenses
have decreased by $2,146,178 or 76%, to $693,005 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $2,839,183 for the three months ended
March 31, 2024. Such a decrease in operating expenses was mainly attributable to the decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses
and research and development expenses.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Interest income (expense), net.</i></b>
Our net interest expense was $(203,896) for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to ($177,627) for the three months ended
March 31, 2024. The increase in net interest expense of $26,269, or approximately 15%, was primarily due to the increase in
recognition of interest expense for the converted notes for proper accounting purposes<b>.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Other Expense</i>. </b>Our other expense was
$251,185 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to other expense of $89,412 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The
change was principally caused by the increase in loss on equity investment, interest expense, and offsetting by decrease in gain on foreign
exchanges in the three months ended March 31, 2025.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Net Loss.</i>&#160;</b>As a result of the above
factors, our net loss was $944,190 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $2,927,667 for the three months ended March 31,
2024, representing a decrease of $1,983,477, or 68%.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Asset Recognition and Investment Reclassification</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized certain
updates to its financial position. The Company recorded the acquisition of land located in Puli, Taiwan, with a carrying value of approximately
$7.67 million, based on control obtained over the asset during the period. The Company intends to utilize the land for future development
of its health-related business operations. In addition, amounts previously classified as "Due from Related Parties" were reclassified
to "Long-Term Investments" to reflect the nature of the Company&#8217;s ongoing investment in Rgene Corporation. The reclassification
was based on management&#8217;s ongoing evaluation of the investment&#8217;s expected holding period and strategic purpose, after entering
into the convertible note loan in 2023. These changes increased total assets and stockholders&#8217; equity as of March 31, 2025. Notwithstanding
these improvements in the Company&#8217;s asset base, management continues to evaluate liquidity risks and is seeking to address working
capital needs through operational activities and external financing options.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Liquidity and Capital Resources</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i><span style="text-decoration:underline">Working Capital</span></i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of<br/> March 31, <br/>
2025,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,469,561</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Working Capital (Deficit)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(5,261,178</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><b><i>Going Concern and Liquidity Consideration</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reported net loss
of $944,190. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital deficit was $5,261,178. In addition, the Company had net cash outflows
of $539,833 from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to
whether the Company will be able to continue as a going concern.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to improve
operations to generate positive cash flows by 1) ensuring our cash consideration from our licensing agreements be fully collected soon,
2) raising additional capital through private or public offerings, 3) strictly controlling cash operating expenses, and 4) reducing debts
and interest expense.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Notably, the Company has generated cash inflow and
reduced a substantial amount of convertible debts during the first three months ended March 31, 2025, from $0.95 million to $0.84 million.
We also reduced our outstanding warrants from 2.0 million shares to 1 million shares in three months ended March 31, 2025, receiving around
$411,667 in cash. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital, there is the risk
that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. Management is committed to enhancing operations to generate positive
cash flows to meet our operation needs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Cash Flow Used In Operating Activities</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(539,833</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(955,816</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">415,983</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">428,756</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">924,147</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(495,391</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Cash Flow from Operating Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024,
the net cash used in operating activities were $539,833 and $955,816, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in
operating expenses. Company has been strictly controlling the operating cash outflow, such as making certain payments with shares in lieu
of cash, extending vendors&#8217; payment terms, and other initiatives to save the cash burn.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Cash Flow from Investing Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024,
the net cash used in investing activities were $0 and $0 respectively. The Company does not plan to make further cash investment with
cash in the near future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Cash Flow from Financing Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the net cash provided
by financing activities were $428,756 and $924,147, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities were primarily
due to the proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, Lind&#8217;s exercise of warrants, and less short-term funding from our related
parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-7"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25pt; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As a smaller reporting company, we are not required
to provide the information required by this item.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-8"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25pt; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
</i>&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the supervision and with the participation
of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (who also serves as acting interim Chief Financial Officer), we have evaluated
the effectiveness of the design and operation of our &#8220;disclosure controls and procedures,&#8221; as such term is defined in Rule
13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation,
our Chief Executive Officer (who also serves as acting interim Chief Financial Officer) has concluded that our disclosure controls and
procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2025 to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed
by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods
specified in SEC rules and forms due to the material weakness described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025. Due to such material weakness, we were unable to maintain effective disclosure controls
over financial reporting, which did result in material misstatements in our financial statements and led to a restatement. If not remediated,
or if we identify additional material weaknesses, our failure to maintain effective internal controls could continue to adversely impact
our ability to meet our reporting and financial obligations and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the
trading price of our common stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Changes in Internal Control over Financial
Reporting</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company filed its annual report on Form 10-K, which included the
2023 Restatement, on April 15, 2025 and is disclosing a restatement regarding the three months ended March 31, 2024 herein. Therefore,
no change in our system of internal control over financial reporting occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The Company is developing a plan
to ensure that all information will be recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately, and as of the date of this report, we
are working to hire personnel with the requisite technical accounting knowledge to remediate the material weakness as soon as possible.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-9"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART II. - OTHER INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-10"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may be subject to, from time to time, various
legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party
to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the
business, financial condition, or results of operations of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-11"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are a smaller reporting company as defined
by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, as such, are not required to provide the information under this item.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-12"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
AND USE OF PROCEEDS.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the period covered by this report, the
Company has not issued unregistered securities to any person, except as described below. None of these transactions involved any underwriters,
underwriting discounts or commissions, except as specified below, or any public offering, and, unless otherwise indicated below, the Registrant
believes that each transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof
and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder regarding offshore offers and sales.
All recipients had adequate access, though their relationships with the Registrant, to information about the Registrant.<b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In July 2024, the Company entered into an agreement
with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through July 2024,
in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares were issued
on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent, 45,293 shares
on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025, we issued 28,135
shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively. On April 9, 2025,
the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February and March 2025 rent,
and April 2025 rent, by issuing 120,398 of the Company&#8217;s common stock, in the value of $66,219.</p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">

</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In December 2024, the Company issued 117,277 shares
of its common stock to employees as compensation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual non-US investors, issuing an aggregate of 724,372 unregistered shares of common stock
at $0.60 to $0.65 per share, raising a total of $436,125.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company issued 9,909 unregistered
restricted shares to an individual consultant as a consideration of $9,800 for the services.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April 2025, the Company issued 50,000 and 90,277 shares of common stock to two advisors for their financial and business advisory services,
as the consideration of $52,500 and $94,791 ($1.05 and $1.05 per share), respectively.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-13"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-14"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Not applicable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-15"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;" width="100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">(a)</td><td style="text-align: justify">None.</td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;" width="100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">(b)</td><td style="text-align: justify">None.</td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;" width="100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">(c)</td><td style="text-align: justify">During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of our officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f),
informed us of the adoption, modification or termination of any &#8220;Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement&#8221; or a &#8220;non-Rule 10b5-1
trading arrangement,&#8221; as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.</td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-16"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>ITEM 6. EXHIBITS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>The following exhibits are filed herewith:</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify; width: 9%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2.1</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit101.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Share Exchange Agreement, dated February 8, 2016 (1)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000113789202000063/fex301ai.txt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Articles of Incorporation of the Company (2)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000113789202000063/fex302bl.txt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Bylaws of the Company, as amended (44)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.3</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416004635/s102891_4-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 21, 2016 (4)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.4</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416007154/s104086_ex3-4.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on December 21, 2016 (5)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.5</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020008785/ea120454ex3-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 30, 2020 (6)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.6</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021025389/f10q0321ex3-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on February 17, 2021 (29)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.7</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023059044/ea182176ex3-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on July 24, 2023 (45)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.8</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024022451/ea0201809ex3-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Bylaws (46)</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex4-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant (7)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022025731/ea159780ex4-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Investor Warrant dated May 16, 2022 (32)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">4.3</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037654/ea023974001ex4-2_abvcbio.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Voting Rights Proxy Agreement (58)</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit102.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaboration Agreement dated December 29, 2015 (8)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416005823/s103448_ex99-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaborative Agreement and Milestone Payment Agreement dated June 9, 2016 (9)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.3</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017000304/f10k2016ex10iii_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement with Kira Huang (10)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.4</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017001707/f8k0217ex99i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Addendum to the Collaboration Agreement dated January 12, 2017 (11)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.5</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017007869/f8k072417ex10i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaboration Agreement with BioFirst dated July 24, 2017 (12)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.6</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017005978/f8k052617ex99i_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Co-Development Agreement with Rgene dated May 26, 2017 (13)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.7</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Lind Letter Agreement dated May 22, 2024 (52)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.8</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Lind Form of Warrant dated May 22, 2024 (52)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.9</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Reserved</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.10</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Business Loan Agreement entered by and between Cathay Bank and American BriVision (Holding) Corporation (16)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.11</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-2_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Promissory Note entered by American BriVision (Holding) Corporation (17)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.12</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-3_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Commercial Security Agreement (18)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.13</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex10-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-US person (19)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.14</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020009167/ea120625ex10-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and US person (20)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.15</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-15_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and U.S. investors (21)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.16</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-16_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-U.S. investors (22)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.17</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021015729/f10k2020ex10-17_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated American BriVision (Holding) Corporation 2016 Equity Incentive (26)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.18</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020035298/ea129411ex10-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (27)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.19</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020035298/ea129411ex10-2_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Convertible Promissory Note (27)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.20</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021031465/ea142391-ex10_3abvcbiopharma.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to Promissory Note (28)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.21</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021052090/ea148616ex10-1_abvcbiopharma.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Joint Venture Agreement between the Company, Lucidiam Co., Ltd. And BioLite Japan K.K. (30)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022033890/ea161846ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Promissory Note issued to Regene, dated June 16, 2022 (31)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.25</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant(33) </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.29</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Security Agreement(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.30</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guarantor Security Agreement(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.31</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guaranty(33) </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-7_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-8_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst Corporation(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-9_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Patent Security Agreement(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-10_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Copyright Security Agreement(33)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.36</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.37</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023068359/ea183745ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The Cooperation Agreement between the Company and Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. dated August 14, 2023 (35)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023074145/ea184720ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to the Cooperation Agreement (36)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.39</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023076241/ea185104ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Letter Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.40 </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023087270/f10q0923ex10-40_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">License Agreement between the Company and AiBtl BioPharma, Inc (47)</span></a></td></tr>
  </table><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 9%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.41</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023087270/f10q0923ex10-41_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">License Agreement between the BioLite and AiBtl BioPharma, Inc (47)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.42</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 8, 2024 (51)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.43</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between Rgene and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 8, 2024 (51)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.44</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 2nd Lind Note (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.45</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 2nd Lind Warrant (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.46</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2023 (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.47</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment To Security Agreement (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.48</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.49</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First Amendment to Guaranty (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.50</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 17, 2024 (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.51</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024012141/ea192587ex10-41_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3rd Placement Agent Warrant (40)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.52</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment To Security Agreement (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.53</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.54</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment to Guaranty (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.55</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3rd Lind Note (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.56</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of 3rd Lind Warrant (39)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.57</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004199/ea191466ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to 2nd Lind Note (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.58</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018524/ea0200878ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 2 to 2nd Lind Note (42)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.59</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018526/ea0200876ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment No. 1 to 3rd Lind Note (43)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.60</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024033598/ea020397101ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (48)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.61</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024033598/ea020397101ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between Rgene and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (48)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.62</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024025793/ea020257501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (49)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.63</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024025793/ea020257501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between BioFirst Corporationand ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (49)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.64</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018526/ea0200876ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form of Amendment (50)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.65</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 23, 2024 (53)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.66</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Definitive License Agreement between Biolite, Inc. and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 23, 2024 (53)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.67</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (54)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.68</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between BioFirst Corporation and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (54)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.69</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to the License Agreement between the Company and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (55)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.70</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment to the License Agreement between BioLite, Inc. and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (55)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.71</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025001211/ea022648701ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Letter Agreement dated January 5, 2025 (56)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.72</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-56_abvcbio.htm">Land Transfer Plan dated March 31, 2025 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.73</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-57_abvcbio.htm">Nominee Holding Agreement dated April 1, 2024 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.74</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-58_abvcbio.htm">Land Lease Agreement dated April 1, 2024 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.75</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-59_abvcbio.htm">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between ABVC and AiBtl dated March 11, 2025 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.76</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-60_abvcbio.htm">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between BioLite and AiBtl dated March 11, 2025 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.77</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline;text-decoration: none"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-61_abvcbio.htm">Yunzhiyi Land Holding Agreement dated October 28, 2024 (57)</a></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">10.78</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037654/ea023974001ex10-1_abvcbio.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Purchase Agreement (58)</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">31.1 </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037676/ea023970101ex31-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">31.2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037676/ea023970101ex31-2_abvcbio.htm">Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">32.1</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037676/ea023970101ex32-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*+</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">32.2</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037676/ea023970101ex32-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*+ </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.INS</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Instance Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.SCH</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.CAL</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.DEF</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.LAB</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">101.PRE</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.+</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and not filed.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 229; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">+</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Company&#8217;s Form SB-2 filed on June 28, 2002</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 to the Company&#8217;s Form SB-2, filed on June 28, 2002</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 28, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on September 13, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#8217;s Form 8-K, filed on April 7, 2020</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(7)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 24, 2020</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(8)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(9)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 9, 2016.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(10)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on January 12, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(11)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(12)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 24, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(13)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 30, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(14)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Reserved.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(15)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 20, 2017.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(16)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 1, 2019.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(17)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 1, 2019.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(18)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 1, 2019.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(19)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current
Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 24, 2020.</p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(20)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 14, 2020.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(21)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed May 15, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(22)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed May 15, 2020</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(23)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company&#8217;s Amendment No.1 to Form S-1, filed on November 14, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(24)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to 21.1 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on September 13, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(25)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed May 15, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(26)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2021.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(27)</span></td>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(28)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2021.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(29)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2021.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(30)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 8, 2021.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(31)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2022.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(32)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2022.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(33)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 24, 2023.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(34)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2022.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(35)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 17, 2023.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(36)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 6, 2023.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(37)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 13, 2023.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(38)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2023.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(39)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 17, 2024.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(40)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Amendment No.1 to Form S-1, filed on February 9, 2024.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(41)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed on January 17, 2024.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(42)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed on February 29, 2024.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(43)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed on February 29, 2024.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(44)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, filed on June 6, 2022</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(45)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 24, 2023.</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(46) </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 14, 2024</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(47)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 15, 2023</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(48)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 17, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(49)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 26, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(50)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 29, 2024</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(51)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 9, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(52)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 23, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 24, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(54)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 24, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 25, 2024</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(56)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 6, 2025</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 30, 2025</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><div><a id="new_id-17"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>SIGNATURES</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i>&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 60%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 37%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dated: April 30, 2025</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid">/s/ Uttam Patil</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Uttam Patil</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer<br/>
(Principal Executive Officer)</span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dated: April 30, 2025</span></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>4
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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL SCHEMA FILE
<TEXT>
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<!-- Created: Thu May 15 00:21:05 UTC 2025 -->
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<!-- [WMV6][XcpuxYn59dz7vgYynUDuwG7r97K2jUTysl7vcz0lJt/tSeJz73kx1cLt0ZFF2SK/vxBCY0vdSrb+OcBO0cz/DPQtq8WT+vHGytpy5eqldqmljvYMs+ffK4QFH5B64UEc/3Q2s1rwIMO66Sb8ZuDMy+AwGnoxyapnLrvaesmtwr2KfVs76w7wuSH5Wv8AK+LDol0eoutVTrrD7uDvugY2RdVDeou8glWtvHVmAjn14Xf8s5cezG3Ae3Gpuy3wT1nzXzmX5IRoxZ8J4uCC3mDCupmK/SxCTS0j9yMgT5erYovvbKhbq2GOeplqxQxRxtVWNshVpOlG6rg=] CSR-->
  <xs:element name="Bonus" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_Bonus"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwards" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwards"/>
  <xs:element name="NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation"/>
  <xs:element name="NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag"/>
  <xs:element name="NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings"/>
  <xs:element name="OptionAwards" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_OptionAwards"/>
  <xs:element name="Pension" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_Pension"/>
  <xs:element name="Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag"/>
  <xs:element name="Salary" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_Salary"/>
  <xs:element name="StockAwards" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_StockAwards"/>
  <xs:element name="ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsFailedToMeetPerformanceConditionsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsFailedToMeetPerformanceConditionsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfCurrentAwardsVestedDuringCurrentYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfCurrentAwardsVestedDuringCurrentYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfPriorYearAwardsVestedDuringCurrentYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfPriorYearAwardsVestedDuringCurrentYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfVestedAwardsDuringCurrentYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfVestedAwardsDuringCurrentYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfYearEndOfOutstandingAndUnvestedAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsChangeInFairValueAsOfYearEndOfOutstandingAndUnvestedAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnEquityAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnEquityAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsAdjustmentsYearEndFairValueOfAwardsGrantedInCurrentYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsYearEndFairValueOfAwardsGrantedInCurrentYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityAwardsValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityAwardsValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="NetAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NetAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="NetAdjustmentsForPensionMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NetAdjustmentsForPensionMember"/>
  <xs:element name="PensionAdjustmentsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PensionAdjustmentsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="PensionAdjustmentsPriorServiceCostMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PensionAdjustmentsPriorServiceCostMember"/>
  <xs:element name="PensionAdjustmentsServiceCostMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PensionAdjustmentsServiceCostMember"/>
  <xs:element name="PensionValueAndEquityAwardsValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PensionValueAndEquityAwardsValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember"/>
  <xs:element name="PensionValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PensionValueInCompensationTableForTheApplicableYearMember"/>
</xs:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>abvc-20241231_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL DEFINITION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Thu May 15 00:21:05 UTC 2025 -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_r_AdditionalDimensions" roleURI="http://www.abvcpharma.com/role/AdditionalDimensions"/>
  <arcroleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default" arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default"/>
<!-- [WMV6][XcpuxYn59dz7vgYynUDuwG7r97K2jUTysl7vcz0lJt/tSeJz73kx1cLt0ZFF2SK/vxBCY0vdSrb+OcBO0cz/DPQtq8WT+vHGytpy5eqldqmljvYMs+ffK4QFH5B64UEc/3Q2s1rwIMO66Sb8ZuDMy+AwGnoxyapnLrvaesmtwr2KfVs76w7wuSH5Wv8AK+LDol0eoutVTrrD7uDvugY2RdVDeou8glWtvHVmAjn14Xf8s5cezG3Ae3Gpuy3wT1nzXzmX5IRoxZ8J4uCC3mDCupmK/SxCTS0j9yMgT5erYot2md2ikTO+5EA00/YPqMJET1DLSROAbhM=] CSR-->
  <arcroleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain" arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain"/>
  <arcroleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension" arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension"/>
  <arcroleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member" arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member"/>
  <arcroleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all" arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all"/>
  <definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.abvcpharma.com/role/AdditionalDimensions" xlink:type="extended"/>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>abvc-20241231_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Thu May 15 00:21:05 UTC 2025 -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AllOtherCompensation" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_AllOtherCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AllOtherCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">All Other Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AllOtherCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_AllOtherCompensation_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AllOtherCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">All other compensation for the period that could not be properly reported in any other column of the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AllOtherCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_AllOtherCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_Bonus" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_Bonus"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_Bonus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bonus</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Bonus" xlink:to="abvc_Bonus_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_Bonus_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The dollar value of bonus (cash and non-cash) earned by the named executive officer during the period as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Bonus" xlink:to="abvc_Bonus_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityAwards" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_EquityAwards"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityAwards" xlink:to="abvc_EquityAwards_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_EquityAwards_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 of all equity awards granted during the period as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityAwards" xlink:to="abvc_EquityAwards_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The dollar value of (1) all earnings for services performed during the period pursuant to awards under non-equity incentive plans and (2) all earnings on any outstanding awards under such plans as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_NonEquityIncentivePlanCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Modified Flag</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:to="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Non-rule 10b5-1 arrangement modified.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:to="abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings" xlink:to="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Above-market or preferential earnings on compensation that is deferred on a basis that is not tax-qualified, including any such earnings on nonqualified defined contribution plans, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings" xlink:to="abvc_NonqualifiedDeferredCompensationEarnings_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OptionAwards" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_OptionAwards"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OptionAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Option Awards</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OptionAwards" xlink:to="abvc_OptionAwards_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OptionAwards_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 for any awards of options, with or without tandem Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs), as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OptionAwards" xlink:to="abvc_OptionAwards_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_Pension" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_Pension"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_Pension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pension</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Pension" xlink:to="abvc_Pension_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_Pension_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The aggregate pension value, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Pension" xlink:to="abvc_Pension_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b 51 Arrangement Modified Flag</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:to="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Modified.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag" xlink:to="abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_Salary" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_Salary"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_Salary_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Salary</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Salary" xlink:to="abvc_Salary_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_Salary_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The dollar value of base salary (cash and non-cash) earned by the named executive officer during the period as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_Salary" xlink:to="abvc_Salary_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockAwards" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_StockAwards"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockAwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Awards</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockAwards" xlink:to="abvc_StockAwards_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockAwards_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 of all stock awards granted during the period as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockAwards" xlink:to="abvc_StockAwards_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change In Pension Value and Equity Award Value [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember" xlink:to="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">This member presents the total compensation adjustment for change in pension value and equity award value.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember" xlink:to="abvc_ChangeInPensionValueAndEquityAwardValueMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsFailedToMeetPerformanceConditionsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20241231.xsd#abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsFailedToMeetPerformanceConditionsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityAwardsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsForEquityAwardsFailedToMeetPerformanceConditionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments For Equity Awards Failed To Meet Performance Conditions [Member]</label>
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<!-- Created: Thu May 15 00:21:05 UTC 2025 -->
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable', window );"><strong>Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock', window );">Erroneous Compensation Analysis</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Disclosure of Registrant&#8217;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In response to Item 402(w) of Regulation S-K,
there was no time during or after the last completed fiscal year that the Company was required to either prepare an accounting restatement
that required recovery of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company&#8217;s compensation recovery policy, or had an outstanding
balance as of the end of the last completed fiscal year of erroneously awarded compensation to be recovered from the application of the
policy to a prior restatement.</p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph i<br> -Sentence B<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Section 6<br> -Subsection F<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph i<br> -Sentence B<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Section 19<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Subparagraph 1<br> -Sentence ii<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form N-CSR<br> -Section 18<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Subparagraph 1<br> -Sentence ii<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br> -Paragraph 1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Section 6<br> -Subsection F<br> -Paragraph 1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Section 19<br> -Paragraph a<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form N-CSR<br> -Section 18<br> -Paragraph a<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Award Timing Disclosure<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock', window );">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2024 POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO THE GRANT OF CERTAIN EQUITY
AWARDS</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K,
the Company does not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business
days before or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI). Accordingly,
the Company has no specific policy or practice on the timing of awards of such options in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic
information by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.</p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock', window );">Award Timing Method</a></td>
<td class="text">In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K,
the Company does not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business
days before or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI).<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag', window );">Award Timing MNPI Considered</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock', window );">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered</a></td>
<td class="text">Accordingly,
the Company has no specific policy or practice on the timing of awards of such options in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic
information by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag', window );">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection x<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag</td>
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<td>ecd_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Insider Trading Arrangements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_TradingArrByIndTable', window );"><strong>Trading Arrangements, by Individual</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag', window );">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag', window );">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag', window );">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag', window );">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag', window );">Rule 10b 51 Arrangement Modified Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag', window );">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Modified Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non-rule 10b5-1 arrangement modified.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Modified.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ecd_TradingArrByIndTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ecd_TradingArrByIndTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ecd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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M2[G[H=.#'N<QI56Q6&P(&U\Z:O<EOT>%3&F1Y5SZ6^:^+=VJXCX/T&%5QR^>
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  xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001173313</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2024-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2024-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="c1">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001173313</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ecd:RestatementDateAxis">
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        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2024-01-01</startDate>
            <endDate>2024-12-31</endDate>
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    </context>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="c0" id="ixv-109">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ecd:ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock contextRef="c1" id="ixv-5036">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;Disclosure of Registrant&#x2019;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;In response to Item 402(w) of Regulation S-K,
there was no time during or after the last completed fiscal year that the Company was required to either prepare an accounting restatement
that required recovery of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company&#x2019;s compensation recovery policy, or had an outstanding
balance as of the end of the last completed fiscal year of erroneously awarded compensation to be recovered from the application of the
policy to a prior restatement.&lt;/p&gt;</ecd:ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock>
    <ecd:AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-5046">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;2024 POLICIES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO THE GRANT OF CERTAIN EQUITY
AWARDS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K,
the Company does not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business
days before or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI). Accordingly,
the Company has no specific policy or practice on the timing of awards of such options in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic
information by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.&lt;/p&gt;</ecd:AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock>
    <ecd:AwardTmgMethodTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41775">In response to Item 402(x)(1) of Regulation S-K,
the Company does not grant new awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar option-like instruments within four business
days before or one business day after the release of a Form 10-Q, 10-K, or 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (MNPI).</ecd:AwardTmgMethodTextBlock>
    <ecd:AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41776">Accordingly,
the Company has no specific policy or practice on the timing of awards of such options in relation to the disclosure of material nonpublic
information by the Company. In the event the Company determines to grant new awards of such options, the Board will evaluate the appropriate
steps to take in relation to the foregoing.</ecd:AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock>
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    <ecd:AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41778">true</ecd:AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag>
    <ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41779">false</ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag>
    <ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41780">false</ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag>
    <abvc:NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41781">false</abvc:NonRule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag>
    <abvc:Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41782">false</abvc:Rule10b51ArrangementModifiedFlag>
    <ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41783">false</ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag>
    <ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41784">false</ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag>
    <ecd:InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41785">true</ecd:InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag>
    <dei:DocumentType contextRef="c0" id="hidden-fact-0">DEF 14A</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41789">0001173313</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41790">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
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</SEC-DOCUMENT>
