<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001641172-25-006679.txt : 20250429
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250429165714
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001641172-25-006679
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250429
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250429
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250429

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Soluna Holdings, Inc
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000064463
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	FINANCE SERVICES [6199]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	09 Crypto Assets
		EIN:				141462255
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-40261
		FILM NUMBER:		25888869

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		325 WASHINGTON AVENUE EXTENSION
		CITY:			ALBANY
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12205
		BUSINESS PHONE:		518-218-2500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		325 WASHINGTON AVENUE EXTENSION
		CITY:			ALBANY
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12205

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>N/A</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Former
Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act:</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;&#8239;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;&#8239;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 29, 2025, Soluna Holdings, Inc.
(the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;) with H.C. Wainwright &amp;
Co., LLC (&#8220;Wainwright&#8221;), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Wainwright,
up to $3.75 million of shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under
the Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, Wainwright will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with
its normal trading and sales practices, applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market
(&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) to sell shares from time to time based upon the Company&#8217;s instructions, including any price, time or size
limits specified by the Company. Upon delivery of a placement notice, and subject to the Company&#8217;s instructions in that notice,
and the terms and conditions of the Agreement generally, Wainwright may sell shares of Common Stock by any method permitted by law deemed
to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined by Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Wainwright&#8217;s
obligations to sell shares under the Agreement are subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including customary closing conditions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span>The Company will pay Wainwright a commission of 3.0%
of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares and has agreed to provide Wainwright with customary indemnification and contribution
rights. The Company has also agreed to reimburse Wainwright for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into the Agreement
in an amount not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, in addition to $3,500 per due diligence session update for Wainwright&#8217;s counsel&#8217;s
fees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The shares of Common Stock will be offered and sold
pursuant to the Company&#8217;s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-286638) filed by the Company with the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on April 18, 2024, and declared effective by the SEC on April 29, 2025,
and the accompanying base prospectus included therein, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement, dated April 29, 2025, filed with
the SEC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing summary of the Agreement does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Agreement which is attached hereto as exhibit 1.1
and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A copy of the legal opinion and consent of Brownstein
Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP relating to the shares of Common Stock being offered and sold pursuant to the Agreement is attached hereto as
Exhibit 5.1.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Current Report on Form 8-K shall not constitute
an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any shares under the Agreement, nor shall there be any sale of such shares in
any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws
of any such state.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirement of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date: April 29, 2025</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By: </span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-1.1
<TEXT>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b>Exhibit 1.1</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>AT THE MARKET OFFERING AGREEMENT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 2in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 2in 0pt 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt">April 29, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">430 Park Avenue</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10022</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Soluna Holdings, Inc., a corporation
organized under the laws of Nevada (the &ldquo;<u>Company</u>&rdquo;), confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<u>Agreement</u>&rdquo;) with
H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC (the &ldquo;<u>Manager</u>&rdquo;) as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1. <u>Definitions</u>. The terms
that follow, when used in this Agreement and any Terms Agreement, shall have the meanings indicated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Accountants</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(m).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Act</u>&rdquo;
shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Action</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(p).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Affiliate</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(o).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Applicable
Time</u>&rdquo; shall mean, with respect to any Shares, the time of sale of such Shares pursuant to this Agreement or any relevant Terms
Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Base Prospectus</u>&rdquo;
shall mean the base prospectus contained in the Registration Statement at the Execution Time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Board</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(iii).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Broker Fee</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(v).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Business Day</u>&rdquo;
shall mean any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required
by law to remain closed; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that, for purposes of clarity, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Commission</u>&rdquo;
shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Common Stock</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Common Stock
Equivalents</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(g).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Company Counsel</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(l).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>DTC</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(vii).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Effective
Date</u>&rdquo; shall mean each date and time that the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or amendments thereto became
or becomes effective.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Exchange Act</u>&rdquo;
shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Execution
Time</u>&rdquo; shall mean the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Free Writing
Prospectus</u>&rdquo; shall mean a free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>GAAP</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(m).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Incorporated
Documents</u>&rdquo; shall mean the documents or portions thereof filed with the Commission on or prior to the Effective Date that are
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and any documents or portions thereof filed with the Commission
after the Effective Date that are deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Intellectual
Property Rights</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(v).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus</u>&rdquo; shall mean an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Losses</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 7(d).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Material Adverse
Effect</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(b).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Material Permits</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(t).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Net Proceeds</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(v).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Permitted
Free Writing Prospectus</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(g).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Placement</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(c).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Proceeding</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(b).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Prospectus</u>&rdquo;
shall mean the Base Prospectus, as supplemented by the most recently filed Prospectus Supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Prospectus
Supplement</u>&rdquo; shall mean each prospectus supplement relating to the Shares prepared and filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) from time
to time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Registration
Statement</u>&rdquo; shall mean the shelf registration statement (File Number 333-286638) on Form S-3, including exhibits and financial
statements and any prospectus supplement relating to the Shares that is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) and deemed part
of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B, as amended on each Effective Date and, in the event any post-effective amendment
thereto becomes effective, shall also mean such registration statement as so amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Representation
Date</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(k).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Required Approvals</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(e).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Rule 158</u>&rdquo;,
&ldquo;<u>Rule 164</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule 172</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule 173</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule 405</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule
415</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule 424</u>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<u>Rule 430B</u>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<u>Rule 433</u>&rdquo; refer to such rules under
the Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Sales Notice</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(i).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>SEC Reports</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(m).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Settlement
Date</u>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(vii).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Subsidiary</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(a).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Terms Agreement</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(a).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Time of Delivery</u>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(c).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Trading Day</u>&rdquo;
means a day on which the Trading Market is open for trading.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<u>Trading Market</u>&rdquo;
means the Nasdaq Capital Market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2. <u>Sale and Delivery of Shares</u>.
The Company proposes to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and/or principal, from time to time during the term of
this Agreement and on the terms set forth herein, up to such number of shares (the &ldquo;<u>Shares</u>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, $0.001 par value per share (&ldquo;<u>Common Stock</u>&rdquo;), that does not exceed (a) the number or dollar amount of
shares of Common Stock registered on the Registration Statement and as reflected on the Prospectus Supplement, pursuant to which the offering
is being made, (b) the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (less the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon
exercise, conversion or exchange of any outstanding securities of the Company or otherwise reserved (except for shares reserved pursuant
to Section 3(f) of this Agreement) from the Company&rsquo;s authorized capital stock), or (c) the number or dollar amount of shares of
Common Stock that would cause the Company or the offering of the Shares to not satisfy the eligibility and transaction requirements for
use of Form S-3, including, if applicable, General Instruction I.B.6 of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the lesser of (a), (b) and
(c), the &ldquo;<u>Maximum Amount</u>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that
compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 2 on the number and aggregate sales price of Shares issued and sold under this
Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Manager shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <u>Appointment of
Manager as Selling Agent; Terms Agreement</u>. For purposes of selling the Shares through the Manager, the Company hereby appoints the
Manager as exclusive agent of the Company for the purpose of selling the Shares of the Company pursuant to this Agreement and the Manager
agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell the Shares on the terms
and subject to the conditions stated herein. The Company agrees that, whenever it determines to sell the Shares directly to the Manager
as principal, it will enter into a separate agreement (each, a &ldquo;<u>Terms Agreement</u>&rdquo;) in substantially the form of <u>Annex
I</u> hereto, relating to such sale in accordance with Section 2 of this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <u>Agent Sales</u>.
Subject to the terms and conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties herein set forth, the Company will issue and
agrees to sell Shares from time to time through the Manager, acting as sales agent, and the Manager agrees to use its commercially reasonable
efforts to sell, as sales agent for the Company, on the following terms:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) The Shares are to
be sold on a daily basis or otherwise as shall be agreed to by the Company and the Manager on any day that (A) is a Trading Day, (B) the
Company has instructed the Manager by telephone (confirmed promptly by electronic mail) to make such sales (&ldquo;<u>Sales Notice</u>&rdquo;)
and (C) the Company has satisfied its obligations under Section 6 of this Agreement. The Company will designate the maximum amount of
the Shares to be sold by the Manager daily (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 2(d)) and the minimum price per Share at which
such Shares may be sold. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Manager shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell
on a particular day all of the Shares designated for the sale by the Company on such day. The gross sales price of the Shares sold under
this Section 2(b) shall be the market price for the shares of Common Stock sold by the Manager under this Section 2(b) on the Trading
Market at the time of sale of such Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) The Company acknowledges
and agrees that (A) there can be no assurance that the Manager will be successful in selling the Shares, (B) the Manager will incur no
liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell the Shares for any reason other than a failure
by the Manager to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and
regulations to sell such Shares as required under this Agreement, and (C) the Manager shall be under no obligation to purchase Shares
on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically agreed by the Manager and the Company pursuant to a
Terms Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) The Company shall
not authorize the issuance and sale of, and the Manager shall not be obligated to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell, any
Share at a price lower than the minimum price therefor designated from time to time by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors (the &ldquo;<u>Board</u>&rdquo;),
or a duly authorized committee thereof, or such duly authorized officers of the Company, and notified to the Manager in writing. The Company
or the Manager may, upon notice to the other party hereto by telephone (confirmed promptly by electronic mail), suspend the offering of
the Shares for any reason and at any time; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that such suspension or termination shall not affect or impair
the parties&rsquo; respective obligations with respect to the Shares sold hereunder prior to the giving of such notice.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv) The Manager may sell
Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule 415 under the Act, including
without limitation sales made directly on the Trading Market, on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock or to or through
a market maker. The Manager may also sell Shares in privately negotiated transactions, provided that such sales shall not exceed five
(5%) of the number of shares of Common Stock that may be sold pursuant to this Agreement (for purposes of clarity, the determination of
such number of shares shall be the sole responsibility of the Company) and the Manager receives the Company&rsquo;s prior written approval
for any sales in privately negotiated transactions and if so provided in the &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; section of the Prospectus
Supplement or a supplement to the Prospectus Supplement or a new Prospectus Supplement disclosing the terms of such privately negotiated
transaction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v) The compensation to
the Manager for sales of the Shares under this Section 2(b) shall be a placement fee of 3.0% of the gross sales price of the Shares sold
pursuant to this Section 2(b) (&ldquo;<u>Broker Fee</u>&rdquo;). The foregoing rate of compensation shall not apply when the Manager acts
as principal, in which case the Company may sell Shares to the Manager as principal at a price agreed upon at the relevant Applicable
Time pursuant to a Terms Agreement. The remaining proceeds, after deduction of the Broker Fee and deduction of any transaction fees imposed
by any clearing firm, execution broker, or governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales, shall constitute the
net proceeds to the Company for such Shares (the &ldquo;<u>Net Proceeds</u>&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi) The Manager shall
provide written confirmation (which may be by electronic mail) to the Company following the close of trading on the Trading Market each
day in which the Shares are sold under this Section 2(b) setting forth the number of the Shares sold on such day, the aggregate gross
sales proceeds and the Net Proceeds to the Company, and the compensation payable by the Company to the Manager with respect to such sales.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii) Unless otherwise
agreed between the Company and the Manager, settlement for sales of the Shares will occur at 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the first
(1st) Trading Day (or any such shorter settlement cycle as may be in effect pursuant to Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act from time to
time) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<u>Settlement Date</u>&rdquo;). On or before each Settlement Date,
the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Shares being sold by crediting the Manager&rsquo;s
or its designee&rsquo;s account (provided that the Manager shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading
Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company (&ldquo;<u>DTC</u>&rdquo;) through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian
System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which Shares in all cases shall be freely
tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the Manager will deliver the related Net
Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company. The Company agrees that, if the Company, or its transfer agent (if
applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver duly authorized Shares on a Settlement Date, in addition to and in no way limiting
the rights and obligations set forth in Section 7 hereto, the Company will (i) hold the Manager harmless against any loss, claim, damage,
or reasonable, documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection
with such default by the Company, and (ii) pay to the Manager any commission, discount or other compensation to which the Manager would
otherwise have been entitled absent such default.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii) At each Applicable
Time, Settlement Date, and Representation Date, the Company shall be deemed to have affirmed each representation and warranty contained
in this Agreement as if such representation and warranty were made as of such date, modified as necessary to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as amended as of such date. Any obligation of the Manager to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell
the Shares on behalf of the Company shall be subject to the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein,
to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the continuing satisfaction of the additional conditions specified
in Section 6 of this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ix) If the Company shall
declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock,
by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property
or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction)
(a &ldquo;<u>Distribution</u>&rdquo; and the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive the Distribution, the
&ldquo;<u>Record Date</u>&rdquo;), the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, in connection with any sales of Shares pursuant to a
Sales Notice on the Record Date, the Company shall issue and deliver such Shares to the Manager on the Record Date and the Record Date
shall be the Settlement Date and the Company shall cover any reasonable and documented additional costs of the Manager in connection with
the delivery of Shares on the Record Date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <u>Term Sales</u>.
If the Company wishes to sell the Shares pursuant to this Agreement in a manner other than as set forth in Section 2(b) of this Agreement
(each, a &ldquo;<u>Placement</u>&rdquo;), the Company will notify the Manager of the proposed terms of such Placement. If the Manager,
acting as principal, wishes to accept such proposed terms (which it may decline to do for any reason in its sole discretion) or, following
discussions with the Company wishes to accept amended terms, the Manager and the Company will enter into a Terms Agreement setting forth
the terms of such Placement. The terms set forth in a Terms Agreement will not be binding on the Company or the Manager unless and until
the Company and the Manager have each executed such Terms Agreement accepting all of the terms of such Terms Agreement. In the event of
a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Terms Agreement, the terms of such Terms Agreement will control. A Terms
Agreement may also specify certain provisions relating to the reoffering of such Shares by the Manager. The commitment of the Manager
to purchase the Shares pursuant to any Terms Agreement shall be deemed to have been made on the basis of the representations and warranties
of the Company herein contained and shall be subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth. Each Terms Agreement shall specify
the number of the Shares to be purchased by the Manager pursuant thereto, the price to be paid to the Company for such Shares, any provisions
relating to rights of, and default by, underwriters acting together with the Manager in the reoffering of the Shares, and the time and
date (each such time and date being referred to herein as a &ldquo;<u>Time of Delivery</u>&rdquo;) and place of delivery of and payment
for such Shares. Such Terms Agreement shall also specify any requirements for opinions of counsel, accountants&rsquo; letters and officers&rsquo;
certificates pursuant to Section 6 of this Agreement and any other information or documents required by the Manager.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) <u>Maximum Number
of Shares</u>. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Shares if, after giving effect to the
sale of such Shares, the aggregate amount of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales
of Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the currently effective Registration
Statement and (C) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Board, a duly authorized committee
thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Manager in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause
or request the offer or sale of any Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to
time by the Board, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive officer, and notified to the Manager in writing.
Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate offering amount of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement
to exceed the Maximum Amount.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) <u>Regulation M
Notice</u>. Unless the exceptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are satisfied with respect
to the Shares, the Company shall give the Manager at least one (1) Business Day&rsquo;s prior notice of its intent to sell any Shares
in order to allow the Manager time to comply with Regulation M.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3. <u>Representations and Warranties</u>.
The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Manager at the Execution Time and on each such time that the following representations
and warranties are repeated or deemed to be made pursuant to this Agreement, as set forth below, except as set forth in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <u>Subsidiaries</u>.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries (individually, a &ldquo;<u>Subsidiary</u>&rdquo;) of the Company are set forth on Exhibit
21 to the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the
Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any &ldquo;<u>Liens</u>&rdquo;
(which for purposes of this Agreement shall mean a lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right
or other restriction), and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully
paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <u>Organization
and Qualification</u>. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to
own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in
violation nor in default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, (ii) a material adverse effect
on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, from that set forth in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or the Incorporated
Documents, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its
obligations under this Agreement (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a &ldquo;<u>Material Adverse Effect</u>&rdquo;) and no &ldquo;<u>Proceeding</u>&rdquo;
(which for purposes of this Agreement shall mean any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation,
an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened) has been instituted in any such
jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <u>Authorization
and Enforcement</u>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company
and no further action is required by the Company, the Board or the Company&rsquo;s stockholders in connection herewith other than in connection
with the Required Approvals. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with
the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its
terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other
laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability
of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions
may be limited by applicable law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) <u>No Conflicts</u>.
The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation by
it of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or any
Subsidiary&rsquo;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with,
or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of
any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment,
anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement,
credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company
or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject
to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or
other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state
securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the
case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) <u>Filings, Consents
and Approvals.</u> The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any
filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other &ldquo;Person&rdquo; (defined
as an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind, including the Trading Market) in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, other than (i) the filings required by this Agreement,
(ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) the filing of notice(s) and/or application(s) to and approval
by the Trading Market for the listing of the Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) such filings
as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, if any, and the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority, Inc. (&ldquo;<u>FINRA</u>&rdquo;) (collectively, the &ldquo;<u>Required Approvals</u>&rdquo;).</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) <u>Issuance of Shares</u>.
The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued, fully
paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital
stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement. The issuance by the Company of the Shares has
been registered under the Act and all of the Shares are freely transferable and tradable by the purchasers thereof without restriction
(other than any restrictions arising solely from an act or omission of such a purchaser). The Shares are being issued pursuant to the
Registration Statement and the issuance of the Shares has been registered by the Company under the Act. The &ldquo;<u>Plan of Distribution</u>&rdquo;
section within the Registration Statement permits the issuance and sale of the Shares as contemplated by this Agreement. Upon receipt
of the Shares, the purchasers of such Shares will have good and marketable title to such Shares and the Shares will be freely tradable
on the Trading Market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) <u>Capitalization</u>.
The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Reports. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not issued
any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than Shares issued hereunder or pursuant
to the exercise of employee stock options or the issuance of securities under the Company&rsquo;s <font style="text-decoration: underline double">equity
incentive plans</font>, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to an employee stock purchase plan and pursuant to
the conversion and/or exercise of securities exercisable, exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock (&ldquo;<u>Common Stock Equivalents</u>&rdquo;)
outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal,
preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Except
as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any
character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving
any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments,
understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock
or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. Except pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, as amended, dated
July 19, 2022, between the Company and Chuntao Zhou, which Securities Purchase Agreement is included in the SEC Reports, the issuance
and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person.
There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion,
exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding
securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts,
commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the
Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or &ldquo;phantom stock&rdquo; plans or agreements
or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully
paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares
was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization
of any stockholder, the Board or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Shares. There are no stockholders agreements, voting
agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&rsquo;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge
of the Company, between or among any of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) <u>Registration
Statement</u>. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Act and has prepared and filed with the Commission the
Registration Statement, including a related Base Prospectus, for registration under the Act of the offering and sale of the Shares. Such
Registration Statement is effective and available for the offer and sale of the Shares as of the date hereof. As filed, the Base Prospectus
contains all information required by the Act and the rules thereunder, and, except to the extent the Manager shall agree in writing to
a modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to the Manager prior to the Execution Time or prior to any
such time this representation is repeated or deemed to be made. The Registration Statement, at the Execution Time, each such time this
representation is repeated or deemed to be made, and at all times during which a prospectus is required by the Act to be delivered (whether
physically or through compliance with Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) in connection with any offer or sale of the Shares, meets the
requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x). The initial Effective Date of the Registration Statement was not earlier than the date three
years before the Execution Time. The Company meets the transaction requirements as set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3
or, if applicable, as set forth in General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 with respect to the aggregate market value of securities being
sold pursuant to this offering and during the twelve (12) calendar months prior to this offering .</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) <u>Accuracy of Incorporated
Documents</u>. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements
of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, and none of the Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained
any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform
in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j) <u>Ineligible Issuer</u>.
(i) At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide
offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2)) of the Shares and (ii) as of the Execution Time and on each such time this representation
is repeated or deemed to be made (with such date being used as the determination date for purposes of this clause (ii)), the Company was
not and is not an Ineligible Issuer (as defined in Rule 405), without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to
Rule 405 that it is not necessary that the Company be considered an Ineligible Issuer.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(k) <u>Free Writing
Prospectus</u>. The Company is eligible to use Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus does not include
any information the substance of which conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, including any Incorporated
Documents and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified; and each Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing sentence does not apply
to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished
to the Company by the Manager specifically for use therein. Any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant
to Rule 433(d) has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder.
Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) or that was prepared by
or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder.
The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Manager, prepare, use or refer to, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(l) <u>Proceedings Related
to Registration Statement</u>. The Registration Statement is not the subject of a pending proceeding or examination under Section 8(d)
or 8(e) of the Act, and the Company is not the subject of a pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Act in connection with the offering
of the Shares. The Company has not received any notice that the Commission has issued or intends to issue a stop-order with respect to
the Registration Statement or that the Commission otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration Statement,
either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened in writing to do so.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(m) <u>SEC Reports</u>.
The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Act
and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter
period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto
and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred
to herein as the &ldquo;<u>SEC Reports</u>&rdquo;) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has
filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all
material respects with the requirements of the Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained
any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the
Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations
of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&ldquo;<u>GAAP</u>&rdquo;),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and
its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended,
subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(n) [RESERVED]</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(o) <u>Material Changes;
Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</u>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC
Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date on which this representation is being made,
(i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s
financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of
accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased,
redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities
to any officer, director or &ldquo;<u>Affiliate</u>&rdquo; (defined as any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries,
controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 144 under the
Act), except pursuant to existing Company equity incentive plans, and (vi) no executive officer of the Company or member of the Board
has resigned from any position with the Company. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential
treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance,
occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries
or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed
by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed
at least one (1) Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(p) <u>Litigation</u>.
Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or,
to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before
or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign)
(collectively, an &ldquo;<u>Action</u>&rdquo;). None of the Actions set forth in the SEC Reports, (i) adversely affects or challenges
the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or the Shares or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof,
is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim
of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation
by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any
stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the
Exchange Act or the Act.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(q) <u>Labor Relations</u>.
No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&rsquo;s or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; employees is a member
of a union that relates to such employee&rsquo;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships
with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected
to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement
or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued
employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any
of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign
laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where
the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(r) <u>Compliance</u>.
Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event
has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary
under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any
indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties
is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court,
arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational
health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(s) <u>Environmental
Laws</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution
or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata),
including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or
hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &ldquo;<u>Hazardous Materials</u>&rdquo;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to
the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as
all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits,
plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&ldquo;<u>Environmental Laws</u>&rdquo;); (ii) have received
all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and
(iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii),
the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(t) <u>Regulatory Permits</u>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local
or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure
to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (&ldquo;<u>Material Permits</u>&rdquo;),
and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material
Permit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(u) <u>Title
to Assets</u>. Except as described in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title
in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material
to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially
affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company
and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor
in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held
under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company
and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v) <u>Intellectual
Property</u>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications,
service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights
necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to
so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &ldquo;<u>Intellectual Property Rights</u>&rdquo;). None of, and neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired,
terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement,
except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since
the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any
knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably
be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and
there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have
taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where
failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(w) <u>Insurance</u>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such
amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited
to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able
to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may
be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(x) <u>Affiliate Transactions</u>.
Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the
Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary
(other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the
furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from
or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company,
any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder,
member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii)
reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under
any stock option plan of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(y) <u>Sarbanes Oxley
Compliance</u>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable requirements of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system
of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s
general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity
with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general
or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals
and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure
controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms.
The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and
the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the
&ldquo;<u>Evaluation Date</u>&rdquo;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions
of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation
Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined
in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(z) <u>Certain Fees</u>.
Other than payments to be made to the Manager, no brokerage or finder&rsquo;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with
respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Manager shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect
to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(aa) <u>No Other Sales
Agency Agreement</u>. The Company has not entered into any other sales agency agreements or other similar arrangements with any agent
or any other representative in respect of at the market offerings of the Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(bb) <u>Investment Company</u>.
The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares from the Manager pursuant to this
Agreement, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; subject
to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so as to reasonably
ensure that it or its Subsidiaries will not become an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; subject to registration under the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(cc) <u>Listing and
Maintenance Requirements</u>. The Common Stock is listed on the Trading Market and the issuance of the Shares as contemplated by this
Agreement does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect
of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission
is contemplating terminating such registration. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from
any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with
the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through
the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository
Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(dd) <u>Application
of Takeover Protections</u>. The Company and the Board have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control
share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover
provision under the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation
that is or could become applicable to the Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ee) <u>Solvency</u>.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the date hereof, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&rsquo;s
assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&rsquo;s existing debts and other liabilities
(including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&rsquo;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital
to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability
thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all
of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of
its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts
as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt) within one year from the
date hereof. The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization
or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the date hereof. The SEC Reports set
forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company
or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<u>Indebtedness</u>&rdquo; means (x) any liabilities for
borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y)
all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should
be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable
instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease
payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports,
neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ff) <u>Tax Status</u>.
Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and
franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other
governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations
and (iii) to the extent required under GAAP, has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material
taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material
amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no
basis for any such claim.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(gg) <u>Foreign Corrupt
Practices</u>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person
acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment
or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government
officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully
any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which
is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(hh) <u>Accountants</u>.
The Company&rsquo;s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm
(i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial
statements included in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) <u>Regulation M
Compliance</u>. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale
or resale of any of the Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Shares,
or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company,
other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Manager in connection with the Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(jj) <font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">[RESERVED]</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(kk) <u>Stock Option
Plans</u>. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with the
terms of the Company&rsquo;s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock
on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company&rsquo;s
stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice
to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public
announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ll) <u>Cybersecurity</u>.
(i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s information
technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers,
vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, &ldquo;<u>IT Systems and Data</u>&rdquo;)
and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably
be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data, except as would not, individually or in
the aggregate for all such matters referred to in this clause (i), have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries
are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems
and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and
maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous
operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented commercially
reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices, except where the failure to do so
would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(mm) <u>Compliance with
Data Privacy Laws</u>. (i) The Company and the Subsidiaries are, and at all times during the past three years were, in material compliance
with all applicable data privacy and security laws and regulations, including, as applicable, the European Union General Data Protection
Regulation (&ldquo;<u>GDPR</u>&rdquo;) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, &ldquo;<u>Privacy Laws</u>&rdquo;); (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries
have in place, comply with, and take commercially appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance with their policies and procedures
relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (the &ldquo;<u>Policies</u>&rdquo;);
(iii) the Company provides accurate notice of its applicable Policies to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives
as required by Privacy Laws; and (iv) applicable Policies provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company&rsquo;s then-current privacy
practices relating to its subject matter, and do not contain any material omissions of the Company&rsquo;s then-current privacy practices,
as required by Privacy Laws. &ldquo;<u>Personal Data</u>&rdquo; means (i) a natural person&rsquo;s name, street address, telephone number,
email address, photograph, social security number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify
as &ldquo;personally identifying information&rdquo; under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) &ldquo;personal data&rdquo;
as defined by GDPR; and (iv) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family,
or permits the collection or analysis of any identifiable data related to an identified person&rsquo;s health or sexual orientation. (i)
None of such disclosures made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading, or deceptive in violation of any Privacy
Laws and (ii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither
the Company nor the Subsidiaries, (i) has, to the knowledge of the Company, received written notice of any actual or potential liability
of the Company or the Subsidiaries under, or actual or potential violation by the Company or the Subsidiaries of, any of the Privacy Laws;
(ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to
any regulatory request or demand pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement by or with any court
or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(nn) <font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt"><u>Office
of Foreign Assets Control</u>. </font>Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any of the
directors, officers or employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries, is an individual or entity that is, or is owned or controlled by
an individual or entity that is: (i) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s
Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury, or other relevant
sanctions authority (collectively, &ldquo;<u>Sanctions</u>&rdquo;), nor (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory
that is the subject of Sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the
transactions contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner
or other individual or entity: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any individual or entity or in any country
or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions or (ii) in any other manner that will result
in a violation of Sanctions by any individual or entity (including any individual or entity participating in the transactions contemplated
hereby, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
has knowingly engaged in, and is not now knowingly engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any individual or entity, or in any country
or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions<font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(oo) <font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt"><u>U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation</u>. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning
of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Manager&rsquo;s request.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(pp) <font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt"><u>Bank
Holding Company Act</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,
as amended (the &ldquo;<u>BHCA</u>&rdquo;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &ldquo;<u>Federal
Reserve</u>&rdquo;). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a
bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(qq) <font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt"><u>Money
Laundering</u>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable
financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable
money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<u>Money Laundering Laws</u>&rdquo;),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or
any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(rr) <u>FINRA Member
Shareholders</u>. There are no affiliations with any FINRA member firm among the Company&rsquo;s officers, directors or, to the knowledge
of the Company, any five percent (5%) or greater stockholder of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Base
Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus<font style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4. <u>Agreements</u>. The Company
agrees with the Manager that:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <u>Right to Review
Amendments and Supplements to Registration Statement and Prospectus</u>. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating
to the Shares is required (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar
rule) to be delivered under the Act in connection with the offering or the sale of Shares, the Company will not file any amendment to
the Registration Statement or supplement (including any Prospectus Supplement) to the Base Prospectus unless the Company has furnished
to the Manager a copy for its review prior to filing and will not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Manager
reasonably objects. The Company has properly completed the Prospectus, in a form approved by the Manager, and filed such Prospectus, as
amended at the Execution Time, with the Commission pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) by the Execution Time and will
cause any supplement to the Prospectus to be properly completed, in a form approved by the Manager, and will file such supplement with
the Commission pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) within the time period prescribed thereby and will provide evidence
reasonably satisfactory to the Manager of such timely filing. The Company will promptly advise the Manager (i) when the Prospectus, and
any supplement thereto, shall have been filed (if required) with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), (ii) when, during any period
when the delivery of a prospectus (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) is required under
the Act in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares, any amendment to the Registration Statement shall have been filed or become
effective (other than any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act), (iii) of any request
by the Commission or its staff for any amendment of the Registration Statement, or for any supplement to the Prospectus or for any additional
information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of
any notice objecting to its use or the institution or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose and (v) of the receipt by the Company
of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the institution
or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. The Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance
of any such stop order or the occurrence of any such suspension or objection to the use of the Registration Statement and, upon such issuance,
occurrence or notice of objection, to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal of such stop order or relief from such occurrence or objection,
including, if necessary, by filing an amendment to the Registration Statement or a new registration statement and using its commercially
reasonable best efforts to have such amendment or new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <u>Subsequent Events</u>.
If, at any time on or after an Applicable Time but prior to the related Settlement Date, any event occurs as a result of which the Registration
Statement or Prospectus would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the
statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made or the circumstances then prevailing not misleading, the
Company will (i) notify promptly the Manager so that any use of the Registration Statement or Prospectus may cease until such are amended
or supplemented; (ii) amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to correct such statement or omission; and (iii) supply
any such amendment or supplement to the Manager in such quantities as the Manager may reasonably request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <u>Notification
of Subsequent Filings</u>. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating to the Shares is required (including in circumstances
where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) to be delivered under the Act, any event occurs
as a result of which the Prospectus as then supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact necessary to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading, or if it shall
be necessary to amend the Registration Statement, file a new registration statement or supplement the Prospectus to comply with the Act
or the Exchange Act or the respective rules thereunder, including in connection with use or delivery of the Prospectus, the Company promptly
will (i) notify the Manager of any such event, (ii) subject to Section 4(a), prepare and file with the Commission an amendment or supplement
or new registration statement which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance, (iii) use its commercially reasonable
best efforts to have any amendment to the Registration Statement or new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable
in order to avoid any disruption in use of the Prospectus and (iv) supply any supplemented Prospectus to the Manager in such quantities
as the Manager may reasonably request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) <u>Earnings Statements</u>.
As soon as practicable, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Manager an earnings statement or
statements of the Company and its Subsidiaries which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule 158. For the avoidance
of doubt, the Company&rsquo;s compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements
of this Section 4(d).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) <u>Delivery of Registration
Statement</u>. Upon the request of the Manager, the Company will furnish to the Manager and counsel for the Manager, without charge, signed
copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto) and, so long as delivery of a prospectus by the Manager or dealer may
be required by the Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule),
as many copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any supplement thereto as the Manager may reasonably request.
The Company will pay the expenses of printing or other production of all documents relating to the offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) <u>Qualification
of Shares</u>. The Company will arrange, if necessary, for the qualification of the Shares for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions
as the Manager may designate and will maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Shares; provided
that in no event shall the Company be obligated to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or to take
any action that would subject it to service of process in suits, other than those arising out of the offering or sale of the Shares, in
any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) <u>Free Writing
Prospectus</u>. The Company agrees that, unless it has or shall have obtained the prior written consent of the Manager, and the Manager
agrees with the Company that, unless it has or shall have obtained, as the case may be, the prior written consent of the Company, it has
not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise
constitute a &ldquo;free writing prospectus&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 405) required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or
retained by the Company under Rule 433. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Manager or the Company is hereinafter referred
to as a &ldquo;<u>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</u>.&rdquo; The Company agrees that (i) it has treated and will treat, as the case
may be, each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and (ii) it has complied and will comply, as the case
may be, with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely
filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) <u>Subsequent Equity
Issuances</u>. The Company shall not deliver any Sales Notice hereunder (and any Sales Notice previously delivered shall not apply during
such two (2) Trading Days) for at least two (2) Trading Days prior to any date on which the Company or any Subsidiary offers, sells, issues,
contracts to sell, contracts to issue or otherwise disposes of, directly or indirectly, any other shares of Common Stock or any Common
Stock Equivalents (other than the Shares), subject to Manager&rsquo;s right to waive this obligation, provided that, without compliance
with the foregoing obligation, the Company may issue and sell Common Stock pursuant to any employee equity plan, stock ownership plan
or dividend reinvestment plan of the Company in effect from time to time and set forth in the SEC Reports and the Company may issue Common
Stock issuable upon the conversion or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding from time to time and set forth in the SEC Reports
and provided, further, that the foregoing obligation shall not apply in connection with the Company&rsquo;s sale of shares of Common Stock
under the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, dated August 12, 2024, with YA II PN, LTD. (the &ldquo;<u>SEPA</u>&rdquo;), which SEPA is
included in the SEC Reports, provided that, on any single given Trading Day, the Company shall only deliver either (i) a Sales Notice
for the sale of Shares hereunder or (ii) any notice for the sale of shares of Common Stock under the SEPA.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) <u>Market Manipulation</u>.
Until the termination of this Agreement, the Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would constitute
or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation in violation
of the Act, Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or
resale of the Shares or otherwise violate any provision of Regulation M under the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j) <u>Notification
of Incorrect Certificate</u>. The Company will, at any time during the term of this Agreement, as supplemented from time to time, advise
the Manager immediately after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter
or affect any opinion, certificate, letter and other document provided to the Manager pursuant to Section 6 herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(k) <u>Certification
of Accuracy of Disclosure</u>. Upon commencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement (and upon the recommencement of the
offering of the Shares under this Agreement following the termination of a suspension of sales hereunder lasting more than 30 Trading
Days), and each time that (i) a new Registration Statement is filed and declared effective by the Commission, (ii) the Registration Statement
or Prospectus shall be amended or supplemented, other than by means of Incorporated Documents, (iii) the Company files its Annual Report
on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act, (iv) the Company files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act, (v) the Company
files a Current Report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information that is furnished and not filed),
if the Manager reasonably determines that the information in such Form 8-K is material, or (vi) the Shares are delivered to the Manager
as principal at the Time of Delivery pursuant to a Terms Agreement (such commencement or recommencement date and each such date referred
to in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi) above, a &ldquo;<u>Representation Date</u>&rdquo;), the Company shall furnish or cause to be
furnished to the Manager forthwith a certificate dated and delivered on the Representation Date, in form reasonably satisfactory to the
Manager to the effect that the statements contained in the certificate referred to in Section 6 of this Agreement which were last furnished
to the Manager are true and correct at the Representation Date, as though made at and as of such date (except that such statements shall
be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to such date) or, in lieu of such certificate,
a certificate of the same tenor as the certificate referred to in said Section 6, modified as necessary to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the date of delivery of such certificate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
requirement to furnish or cause to be furnished a certificate under this Section 4(k) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring
at a time at which no instruction to the Manager to sell Shares pursuant to this Agreement has been delivered by the Company or is pending.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following any Representation Date when the Company relied
on such waiver and did not provide the Manager a certificate pursuant to this Section 4(k), then before the Company instructs the Manager
to sell Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall provide the Manager such certificate to the extent required under this Section
4(k) and not previously delivered.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(l) <u>Bring Down Opinions;
Negative Assurance</u>. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished forthwith
to the Manager and to counsel to the Manager a written opinion of SEC counsel to the Company (&ldquo;<u>Securities Counsel</u>&rdquo;)
and Nevada counsel to the Company (&ldquo;<u>Nevada Counsel</u>&rdquo; and, collectively with Securities Counsel, &ldquo;<u>Company Counsel</u>&rdquo;)
addressed to the Manager and dated and delivered within five (5) Trading Days of such Representation Date, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Manager, including a negative assurance representation of Securities Counsel. The requirement to furnish or cause
to be furnished an opinion (but not with respect to a negative assurance representation of Securities Counsel) under this Section 4(l)
shall be waived for any Representation Date other than a Representation Date on which a new Registration Statement is filed and declared
effective by the Commission or a material amendment to the Registration Statement or Prospectus is made or the Company files its Annual
Report on Form 10-K or a material amendment thereto under the Exchange Act, unless the Manager reasonably requests such deliverable required
by this Section 4(l) in connection with a Representation Date, upon which request such deliverable shall be deliverable hereunder<font style="background-color: white">.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirement to furnish or cause to be furnished opinions or negative assurance representation under
this Section 4(l) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no instruction to the Manager to sell Shares
pursuant to this Agreement has been delivered by the Company or is pending. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently
decides to sell Shares following any Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Manager an opinion
or negative assurance representation pursuant to this Section 4(l), then before the Company instructs the Manager to sell Shares pursuant
to this Agreement, the Company shall provide the Manager with such opinion or negative assurance representation to the extent required
under this Section 4(l) and not previously delivered.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(m) <u>Auditor Bring
Down &ldquo;Comfort&rdquo; Letter</u>. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, the Company shall cause (1) the Company&rsquo;s
auditors (the &ldquo;<u>Accountants</u>&rdquo;), or other independent accountants satisfactory to the Manager forthwith to furnish the
Manager a letter, and (2) the Chief Financial Officer of the Company forthwith to furnish the Manager a certificate, in each case dated
within five (5) Trading Days of such Representation Date, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, of the same tenor as the letters
and certificate referred to in Section 6 of this Agreement but modified to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as
amended and supplemented to the date of such letters and certificate. The requirement to furnish or cause to be furnished a &ldquo;comfort&rdquo;
letter under this Section 4(m) shall be waived for any Representation Date other than a Representation Date on which a new Registration
Statement is filed and declared effective by the Commission or a material amendment to the Registration Statement or Prospectus is made
or the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K or a material amendment thereto under the Exchange Act, unless the Manager reasonably
requests the deliverables required by this Section 4(m) in connection with a Representation Date, upon which request such deliverable
shall be deliverable hereunder. <font style="background-color: white">Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirement to furnish or cause
to be furnished a comfort letter or certificate under this Section 4(m) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time
at which no instruction to the Manager to sell Shares pursuant to this Agreement has been delivered by the Company or is pending. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following any Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver
and did not provide the Manager a comfort letter or certificate pursuant to this Section 4(m), then before the Company instructs the Manager
to sell Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall provide the Manager with such comfort letter or certificate to the extent
required under this Section 4(m) and not previously delivered.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(n) <u>Due Diligence
Session</u>. Upon commencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement (and upon the recommencement of the offering of the
Shares under this Agreement following the termination of a suspension of sales hereunder lasting more than 30 Trading Days), and at each
Representation Date, the Company will conduct a due diligence session, in form and substance, reasonably satisfactory to the Manager,
which shall include representatives of management, Company Counsel and Accountants. The Company shall cooperate timely with any reasonable
due diligence request from or review conducted by the Manager or its agents from time to time in connection with the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, including, without limitation, providing information and available documents and access to appropriate corporate officers
and the Company&rsquo;s agents during regular business hours, and timely furnishing or causing to be furnished such certificates, letters
and opinions from the Company, its officers and its agents, as the Manager may reasonably request. The Company shall reimburse the Manager
for Manager&rsquo;s counsel&rsquo;s fees in each such Representation Date, up to a maximum of $3,500 per Representation Date, plus any
incidental expense incurred by the Manager in connection therewith.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(o) <u>Acknowledgment
of Trading</u>. The Company consents to the Manager trading in the Common Stock for the Manager&rsquo;s own account and for the account
of its clients at the same time as sales of the Shares occur pursuant to this Agreement or pursuant to a Terms Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(p) <u>Disclosure of
Shares Sold</u>. The Company will disclose in its Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as applicable, the number
of Shares sold through the Manager under this Agreement, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation paid by the Company with
respect to sales of Shares pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter; and, if required by any subsequent change in Commission
policy or request, more frequently by means of a Current Report on Form 8-K or a further Prospectus Supplement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(q) <u>Rescission Right</u>.
If to the knowledge of the Company, the conditions set forth in Section 6 shall not have been satisfied as of the applicable Settlement
Date, the Company will offer to any person who has agreed to purchase Shares from the Company as the result of an offer to purchase solicited
by the Manager the right to refuse to purchase and pay for such Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(r) <u>Bring Down of
Representations and Warranties</u>. Each acceptance by the Company of an offer to purchase the Shares hereunder, and each execution and
delivery by the Company of a Terms Agreement, shall be deemed to be an affirmation to the Manager that the representations and warranties
of the Company contained in or made pursuant to this Agreement are true and correct as of the date of such acceptance or of such Terms
Agreement as though made at and as of such date, and an undertaking that such representations and warranties will be true and correct
as of the Settlement Date for the Shares relating to such acceptance or as of the Time of Delivery relating to such sale, as the case
may be, as though made at and as of such date (except that such representations and warranties shall be deemed to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented relating to such Shares).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(s) <u>Reservation of
Shares</u>. The Company shall ensure that there are at all times sufficient shares of Common Stock to provide for the issuance, free of
any preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock held in treasury, of the maximum
aggregate number of Shares authorized for issuance by the Board pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Company will use its commercially
reasonable efforts to cause the Shares to be listed for trading on the Trading Market and to maintain such listing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(t) <u>Obligation Under
Exchange Act</u>. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating to the Shares is required (including in circumstances where
such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) to be delivered under the Act, the Company will file
all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act
and the regulations thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(u) <u>DTC Facility</u>.
The Company shall cooperate with the Manager and use its reasonable efforts to permit the Shares to be eligible for clearance and settlement
through the facilities of DTC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v) <u>Use of Proceeds</u>.
The Company will apply the Net Proceeds from the sale of the Shares in the manner set forth in the Prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(w) <u>Filing of Prospectus
Supplement</u>. If any sales are made pursuant to this Agreement which are not made in &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; offerings as defined
in Rule 415, including, without limitation, any Placement pursuant to a Terms Agreement, the Company shall file a Prospectus Supplement
describing the terms of such transaction, the amount of Shares sold, the price thereof, the Manager&rsquo;s compensation, and such other
information as may be required pursuant to Rule 424 and Rule 430B, as applicable, within the time required by Rule 424.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(x) <u>Additional Registration
Statement</u>. To the extent that the Registration Statement is not available for the sales of the Shares as contemplated by this Agreement,
the Company shall file a new registration statement with respect to any additional shares of Common Stock necessary to complete such sales
of the Shares and shall cause such registration statement to become effective as promptly as practicable. After the effectiveness of any
such registration statement, all references to &ldquo;<u>Registration Statement</u>&rdquo; included in this Agreement shall be deemed
to include such new registration statement, including all documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3,
and all references to &ldquo;<u>Base Prospectus</u>&rdquo; included in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the final form of base
prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in any such registration statement at the time such registration
statement became effective.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5. <u>Payment of Expenses</u>.
The Company agrees to pay the costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, whether or not the
transactions contemplated hereby are consummated, including without limitation: (i) the preparation, printing or reproduction and filing
with the Commission of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits thereto), the Prospectus and each Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus, and each amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) the printing (or reproduction) and delivery (including
postage, air freight charges and charges for counting and packaging) of such copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and
each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and all amendments or supplements to any of them, as may, in each case, be reasonably requested for
use in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares; (iii) the preparation, printing, authentication, issuance and delivery of
certificates for the Shares, including any stamp or transfer taxes in connection with the original issuance and sale of the Shares; (iv)
the printing (or reproduction) and delivery of this Agreement, any blue sky memorandum and all other agreements or documents printed (or
reproduced) and delivered in connection with the offering of the Shares; (v) the registration of the Shares under the Exchange Act, if
applicable, and the listing of the Shares on the Trading Market; (vi) any registration or qualification of the Shares for offer and sale
under the securities or blue sky laws of the several states (including filing fees and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for
the Manager relating to such registration and qualification); (vii) the transportation and other expenses incurred by or on behalf of
Company representatives in connection with presentations to prospective purchasers of the Shares; (viii) the fees and expenses of the
Company&rsquo;s accountants and the fees and expenses of counsel (including local and special counsel) for the Company; (ix) the filing
fee under FINRA Rule 5110; (x) the reasonable fees and expenses of the Manager&rsquo;s counsel, not to exceed $50,000 (excluding any periodic
due diligence fees provided for under Section 4(n), which shall be subject to the maximum set forth in Section 4(n)), which shall be paid
upon the Execution Time; and (xi) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6. <u>Conditions to the Obligations
of the Manager</u>. The obligations of the Manager under this Agreement and any Terms Agreement shall be subject to (i) the accuracy of
the representations and warranties on the part of the Company contained herein as of the Execution Time, each Representation Date, and
as of each Applicable Time, Settlement Date and Time of Delivery, (ii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and
(iii) the following additional conditions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <u>Filing of Prospectus
Supplement</u>. The Prospectus, and any supplement thereto, required by Rule 424 to be filed with the Commission have been filed in the
manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) with respect to any sale of Shares; each Prospectus Supplement shall have been
filed in the manner required by Rule 424(b) within the time period required hereunder and under the Act; any other material required to
be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act, shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time periods
prescribed for such filings by Rule 433; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any notice objecting
to its use shall have been issued and, to the knowledge of the Company, no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or
threatened.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <u>Delivery of Opinion</u>.
The Company shall have caused the Company Counsel to furnish to the Manager its opinion and negative assurance statement, dated as of
such date and addressed to the Manager in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <u>Delivery of Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate</u>. The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the Manager a certificate of the Company signed by the
Chief Executive Officer or the President and the principal financial or accounting officer of the Company, dated as of such date, to the
effect that the signers of such certificate have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement
and any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements or amendments thereto and this Agreement and that:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) the representations
and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct on and as of such date with the same effect as if made on such date
and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior
to such date;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) no stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any notice objecting to its use has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose
have been instituted or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened; and</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) since the date of
the most recent financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents, there has
been no Material Adverse Effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business or properties of the Company and its subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as set forth in or contemplated
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) <u>Delivery of Accountants&rsquo;
&ldquo;Comfort&rdquo; Letter</u>. The Company shall have requested and caused the Accountants to have furnished to the Manager letters
(which may refer to letters previously delivered to the Manager), dated as of such date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Manager, confirming that they are independent accountants within the meaning of the Act and the Exchange Act and the respective
applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission thereunder and that they have performed a review of any unaudited interim financial
information of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and provide customary
&ldquo;comfort&rdquo; as to such review in form and substance satisfactory to the Manager.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) <u>No Material Adverse
Event</u>. Since the respective dates as of which information is disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated
Documents, except as otherwise stated therein, there shall not have been (i) any change or decrease in previously reported results specified
in the letter or letters referred to in paragraph (d) of this Section 6 or (ii) any change, or any development involving a prospective
change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business or properties of the Company and its subsidiaries taken
as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as set forth in or contemplated in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto) the effect of
which, in any case referred to in clause (i) or (ii) above, is, in the sole judgment of the Manager, so material and adverse as to make
it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the offering or delivery of the Shares as contemplated by the Registration Statement (exclusive
of any amendment thereof), the Incorporated Documents and the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) <u>Payment of All
Fees</u>. The Company shall have paid the required Commission filing fees relating to the Shares within the time period required by Rule
456(b)(1)(i) of the Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) of the Act and,
if applicable, shall have updated the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in accordance with Rule 456(b)(1)(ii) either
in a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or on the cover page of a prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) <u>No FINRA Objections</u>.
FINRA shall not have raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements under this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) <u>Shares Listed
on Trading Market</u>. The Shares shall have been listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the Trading Market, and satisfactory
evidence of such actions shall have been provided to the Manager.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) <u>Other Assurances</u>.
Prior to each Settlement Date and Time of Delivery, as applicable, the Company shall have furnished to the Manager such further information,
certificates and documents as the Manager may reasonably request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any of the conditions specified
in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as provided in this Agreement, or if any of the opinions and certificates mentioned
above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Manager and counsel for the Manager,
this Agreement and all obligations of the Manager hereunder may be canceled at, or at any time prior to, any Settlement Date or Time of
Delivery, as applicable, by the Manager. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or by telephone and confirmed
in writing by email.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The documents required to be delivered
by this Section 6 shall be delivered to the office of Ellenoff Grossman &amp; Schole LLP, counsel for the Manager, at 1345 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, New York 10105, email: capmkts@egsllp.com, on each such date as provided in this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7. <u>Indemnification and Contribution</u>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <u>Indemnification
by Company</u>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Manager, the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Manager
and each person who controls the Manager within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act against any and all losses, claims,
damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or other Federal
or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration
Statement for the registration of the Shares as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in the Base Prospectus, any Prospectus
Supplement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or
are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading or arise out of or are based upon any Proceeding, commenced or threatened (whether or not the Manager
is a target of or party to such Proceeding) or result from or relate to any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants
or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement, and agrees to reimburse each such indemnified party for any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; <u>provided</u>,
<u>however</u>, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises
out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance
upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Manager specifically for inclusion therein. This indemnity
agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company may otherwise have.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <u>Indemnification
by Manager</u>. The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the
Registration Statement, and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, to the same
extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to the Manager, but only with reference to written information relating to the Manager
furnished to the Company by the Manager specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity; <u>provided</u>,
<u>however</u>, that in no case shall the Manager be responsible for any amount in excess of the Broker Fee applicable to the Shares and
paid hereunder. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Manager may otherwise have.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <u>Indemnification
Procedures</u>. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 7 of notice of the commencement of any action, such
indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this Section 7, notify the indemnifying
party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify the indemnifying party (i) will not relieve it from liability
under paragraph (a) or (b) above unless and to the extent it did not otherwise learn of such action and such failure results in the forfeiture
by the indemnifying party of substantial rights and defenses and (ii) will not, in any event, relieve the indemnifying party from any
obligations to any indemnified party other than the indemnification obligation provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above. The indemnifying
party shall be entitled to appoint counsel of the indemnifying party&rsquo;s choice at the indemnifying party&rsquo;s expense to represent
the indemnified party in any action for which indemnification is sought (in which case the indemnifying party shall not thereafter be
responsible for the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party or parties except as set forth below);
<u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that such counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. Notwithstanding the indemnifying
party&rsquo;s election to appoint counsel to represent the indemnified party in an action, the indemnified party shall have the right
to employ separate counsel (including local counsel), and the indemnifying party shall bear the reasonable fees, costs and expenses of
such separate counsel if (i) the use of counsel chosen by the indemnifying party to represent the indemnified party would present such
counsel with a conflict of interest, (ii) the actual or potential defendants in, or targets of, any such action include both the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available
to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, (iii) the
indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party
within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such action or (iv) the indemnifying party shall authorize the indemnified
party to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party. An indemnifying party will not, without the prior written consent
of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any pending or threatened claim,
action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified
parties are actual or potential parties to such claim or action) unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional
release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit or proceeding.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) <u>Contribution</u>.
In the event that the indemnity provided in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 7 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless
an indemnified party for any reason, the Company and the Manager agree to contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages and liabilities
(including legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with investigating or defending the same) (collectively &ldquo;<u>Losses</u>&rdquo;)
to which the Company and the Manager may be subject in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by
the Company on the one hand and by the Manager on the other from the offering of the Shares; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that in
no case shall the Manager be responsible for any amount in excess of the Broker Fee applicable to the Shares and paid hereunder. If the
allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is unavailable for any reason, the Company and the Manager severally shall contribute
in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one
hand and of the Manager on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such Losses as well as any other
relevant equitable considerations. Benefits received by the Company shall be deemed to be equal to the total net proceeds from the offering
(before deducting expenses) received by it, and benefits received by the Manager shall be deemed to be equal to the Broker Fee applicable
to the Shares and paid hereunder as determined by this Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether any untrue or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates
to information provided by the Company on the one hand or the Manager on the other, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge,
access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and the Manager agree that
it would not be just and equitable if contribution were determined by pro rata allocation or any other method of allocation which does
not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph (d), no person guilty
of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who
was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 7, each person who controls the Manager within the meaning
of either the Act or the Exchange Act and each director, officer, employee and agent of the Manager shall have the same rights to contribution
as the Manager, and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, each officer of the
Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as
the Company, subject in each case to the applicable terms and conditions of this paragraph (d).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8. <u>Termination</u>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Company shall
have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate the provisions of this Agreement relating to the solicitation
of offers to purchase the Shares in its sole discretion at any time upon five (5) Business Days&rsquo; prior written notice. Any such
termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that (i) with respect to any pending sale, through the Manager
for the Company, the obligations of the Company, including in respect of compensation of the Manager, shall remain in full force and effect
notwithstanding the termination and (ii) the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 of this Agreement shall remain
in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Manager shall
have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate the provisions of this Agreement relating to the solicitation
of offers to purchase the Shares in its sole discretion at any time. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any
other party except that the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and
effect notwithstanding such termination.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) This Agreement shall
remain in full force and effect until such date that this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Sections 8(a) or (b) above or otherwise
by mutual agreement of the parties, provided that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that
Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) Any termination
of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination, provided that such termination shall not be
effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Manager or the Company, as the case may be. If such
termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date or Time of Delivery for any sale of the Shares, such sale of the Shares shall settle
in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(b) of this Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) In the case of any
purchase of Shares by the Manager pursuant to a Terms Agreement, the obligations of the Manager pursuant to such Terms Agreement shall
be subject to termination, in the absolute discretion of the Manager, by prompt oral notice given to the Company prior to the Time of
Delivery relating to such Shares, if any, and confirmed promptly by electronic mail, if since the time of execution of the Terms Agreement
and prior to such delivery and payment, (i) trading in the Common Stock shall have been suspended by the Commission or the Trading Market
or trading in securities generally on the Trading Market shall have been suspended or limited or minimum prices shall have been established
on such exchange, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared either by Federal or New York State authorities or (iii) there shall
have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war, or other calamity
or crisis the effect of which on financial markets is such as to make it, in the sole judgment of the Manager, impractical or inadvisable
to proceed with the offering or delivery of the Shares as contemplated by the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9. <u>Representations and Indemnities
to Survive</u>. The respective agreements, representations, warranties, indemnities and other statements of the Company or its officers
and of the Manager set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation
made by the Manager or the Company or any of the officers, directors, employees, agents or controlling persons referred to in Section
7, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">10. <u>Notices</u>. All communications
hereunder will be in writing and effective only on receipt, and will be mailed, delivered, or e-mailed to the addresses of the Company
and the Manager, respectively, set forth on the signature page hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">11. <u>Successors</u>. This Agreement
will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers, directors, employees,
agents and controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">12. <u>No Fiduciary Duty</u>.
The Company hereby acknowledges that (a) the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement is an arm&rsquo;s-length commercial
transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the Manager and any affiliate through which it may be acting, on the other, (b)
the Manager is acting solely as sales agent and/or principal in connection with the purchase and sale of the Company&rsquo;s securities
and not as a fiduciary of the Company and (c) the Company&rsquo;s engagement of the Manager in connection with the offering and the process
leading up to the offering is as independent contractors and not in any other capacity. Furthermore, the Company agrees that it is solely
responsible for making its own judgments in connection with the offering (irrespective of whether the Manager has advised or is currently
advising the Company on related or other matters). The Company agrees that it will not claim that the Manager has rendered advisory services
of any nature or respect, or owe an agency, fiduciary or similar duty to the Company, in connection with such transaction or the process
leading thereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">13. <u>Integration</u>. This Agreement
and any Terms Agreement supersede all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between the Company and the Manager
with respect to the subject matter hereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">14. <u>Amendments; Waivers</u>.
No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of
an amendment, by the Company and the Manager. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this
Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision,
condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the
exercise of any such right.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">15. <u>Applicable Law</u>. This
Agreement and any Terms Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to
contracts made and to be performed within the State of New York. Each of the Company and the Manager: (i) agrees that any legal suit,
action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be instituted exclusively in New York Supreme Court, County of
New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, (ii) waives any objection which it may have or
hereafter to the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding, and (iii) irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New
York Supreme Court, County of New York, and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in any such suit, action
or proceeding. Each of the Company and the Manager further agrees to accept and acknowledge service of any and all process which may be
served in any such suit, action or proceeding in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court
for the Southern District of New York and agrees that service of process upon the Company mailed by certified mail to the Company&rsquo;s
address shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit, action or proceeding, and service
of process upon the Manager mailed by certified mail to the Manager&rsquo;s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service
process upon the Manager, in any such suit, action or proceeding. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any
provision of this Agreement, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable
attorney&rsquo;s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>16.
<u>Waiver of Jury Trial</u>. EACH OF The Company AND THE MANAGER hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, any Terms Agreement or the
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. </b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">17. <u>Counterparts</u>. This
Agreement and any Terms Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect
as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon one and the same agreement. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including
any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures
and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be
deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">***************************<br style="clear: both" />
</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">18. <u>Headings</u>. The section
headings used in this Agreement and any Terms Agreement are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the foregoing is in accordance
with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to us the enclosed duplicate hereof, whereupon this letter and your acceptance
shall represent a binding agreement among the Company and the Manager.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Very truly yours,</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC. </b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">By:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <i>/s/ John Belizaire</i> </p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Name:</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">John Belizaire</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Title:</font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Chief Executive Officer</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><u>Address for Notice</u>:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">325 Washington Avenue Extension</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Albany, New York 12205</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Attention: John Belizaire Email: john@soluna.io</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">The foregoing Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as
of the date first written above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><b>H.C. WAINWRIGHT &amp; CO., LLC </b></font></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-size: 10pt">By:</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <i>/s/ Edward D. Silvera</i> </td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Name:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b></b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> Edward D. Silvera </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Title:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b></b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> Chief Operating Officer </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><u>Address for Notice</u>:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">430 Park Avenue</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">New York, New York 10022</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Attention: Chief Executive Officer</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">E-mail: notices@hcwco.com</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b></b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Form of Terms Agreement</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>ANNEX I </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC. </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TERMS AGREEMENT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Dear Sirs:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Soluna Holdings, Inc. (the &ldquo;<u>Company</u>&rdquo;)
proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein and in the At The Market Offering Agreement, dated April 29, 2025 (the &ldquo;<u>At
The Market Offering Agreement</u>&rdquo;), between the Company and H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC (&ldquo;<u>Manager</u>&rdquo;), to issue
and sell to Manager the securities specified in <u>Schedule I</u> hereto (the &ldquo;<u>Purchased Shares</u>&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Each of the provisions of the At The Market
Offering Agreement not specifically related to the solicitation by the Manager, as agent of the Company, of offers to purchase securities
is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and shall be deemed to be part of this Terms Agreement to the same extent as if such
provisions had been set forth in full herein. Each of the representations and warranties set forth therein shall be deemed to have been
made at and as of the date of this Terms Agreement and the Time of Delivery, except that each representation and warranty in Section 3
of the At The Market Offering Agreement which makes reference to the Prospectus (as therein defined) shall be deemed to be a representation
and warranty as of the date of the At The Market Offering Agreement in relation to the Prospectus, and also a representation and warranty
as of the date of this Terms Agreement and the Time of Delivery in relation to the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to relate to
the Purchased Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">An amendment to the Registration Statement
(as defined in the At The Market Offering Agreement), or a supplement to the Prospectus, as the case may be, relating to the Purchased
Shares, in the form heretofore delivered to the Manager is now proposed to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Subject to the terms and conditions set
forth herein and in the At The Market Offering Agreement which are incorporated herein by reference, the Company agrees to issue and sell
to the Manager and the latter agrees to purchase from the Company the number of shares of the Purchased Shares at the time and place and
at the purchase price set forth in the <u>Schedule I</u> hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><font style="font-weight: normal">If the foregoing
is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us a counterpart hereof, whereupon this Terms Agreement, including
those provisions of the At The Market Offering Agreement incorporated herein by reference, shall constitute a binding agreement between
the Manager and the Company.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-weight: normal"></font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold">SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC.</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; width: 3%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; width: 47%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">By:</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Name:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-weight: normal"></font></p></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Title:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-weight: normal">ACCEPTED
as of the date first written above.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><b>H.C. WAINWRIGHT &amp; CO., LLC</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><font style="font-weight: normal"></font></p></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><font style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">By:</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Name:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><font style="font-weight: normal"></font></p></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Title:</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
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<head>
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<body style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b>Exhibit 5.1</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 65%">&nbsp;</td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 35%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><b>Brownstein
Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left">702.382.2101 main</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left">100 North City Parkway, Suite 1600</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left">Las Vegas, Nevada 89106</p>

</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><img src="ex5-1_001.jpg" alt="" ></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">April 29, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Soluna Holdings, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">325 Washington Avenue Extension</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Albany, New York 12205</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">To the addressee set forth above:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as
local Nevada counsel to Soluna Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<u>Company</u>&rdquo;), in connection with the transactions
contemplated by that certain At the Market Offering Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2025 (the &ldquo;<u>ATM Agreement</u>&rdquo;),
by and between the Company and H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC, as Manager (as defined therein), relating to the issuance and sale by
the Company of that number of shares (the &ldquo;<u>Shares</u>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(the &ldquo;<u>Common Stock</u>&rdquo;), having an aggregate offering price of up to $3,750,000, all as more fully described in
the base prospectus, dated April 25, 2025 (the &ldquo;<u>Base Prospectus</u>&rdquo;), contained in the Registration Statement on Form
S-3 (File No. 333-282559) (the &ldquo;<u>Registration Statement</u>&rdquo;), as supplemented by the prospectus supplement, dated April
29, 2025 (together with the Base Prospectus, the &ldquo;<u>Prospectus</u>&rdquo;), each as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;<u>Commission</u>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<u>Act</u>&rdquo;). This opinion letter
is being delivered at your request pursuant to the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In our capacity as such counsel,
we are familiar with the proceedings taken and proposed to be taken by the Company in connection with the authorization, issuance and
sale of the Shares as contemplated by the ATM Agreement and as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. For purposes
of this opinion letter, and except to the extent set forth in the opinion expressed below, we have assumed that all such proceedings have
been or will be timely completed in the manner presently proposed in the ATM Agreement and the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of issuing this opinion
letter, we have made such legal and factual examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies certified or otherwise
identified to our satisfaction as being true copies of (i) the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus, (ii) the ATM Agreement,
including the form of terms agreement set forth therein (each, a &ldquo;<u>Terms Agreement</u>&rdquo;), (iii) the Company&rsquo;s articles
of incorporation and bylaws, each as amended to date (collectively, the &ldquo;<u>Governing Documents</u>&rdquo;), and (iv) such agreements,
instruments, corporate records (including resolutions of the board of directors and any committee thereof) and other documents, or forms
thereof, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate. For purposes of issuing this opinion letter, we have also obtained from officers
and other representatives and agents of the Company and from public officials, and have relied upon, such certificates, representations
and assurances, and public filings, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Soluna Holdings, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">April 29, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">Page 2</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Without limiting the generality
of the foregoing, we have, with your permission, assumed without independent verification that (i) the statements of fact and all representations
and warranties set forth in the documents we have reviewed are true and correct as to factual matters, in each case as of the date or
dates of such documents and as of the date hereof, (ii) the obligations of each party set forth in the documents we have examined are,
and when each Terms Agreement is signed will be, its valid and binding obligations, enforceable against such party in accordance with
their respective terms; (iii) each natural person executing a document has, or when each Terms Agreement is signed will have, sufficient
legal capacity to do so; (iv) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, the signatures on all documents we reviewed are
genuine, and any document submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic, electronic or facsimile copies conform to the original
document; (v) prior to any issuance of Shares, each Terms Agreement with respect to such Shares will have been duly executed and delivered
by the Company and the other parties thereto in accordance with the ATM Agreement; (vi) after the issuance of any Shares, the total number
of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, together with the total number of shares of Common Stock then reserved for issuance
or obligated to be issued by the Company pursuant to any agreement, plan, arrangement or otherwise, will not exceed the total number of
shares of Common Stock then authorized under the Company&rsquo;s articles of incorporation; and (vii) all corporate records made available
to us by the Company, and all public records we have reviewed, are accurate and complete.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are qualified to practice law
in the State of Nevada. The opinion set forth herein is expressly limited to and based exclusively on the general corporate laws of the
State of Nevada, and we do not purport to be experts on, or to express any opinion with respect to the applicability thereto or the effect
thereon of, the laws of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion concerning, and we assume no responsibility as to laws or judicial
decisions related to, or any orders, consents or other authorizations or approvals as may be required by, any federal laws, rules or regulations,
including, without limitation, any federal securities laws, rules or regulations, or any state securities or &ldquo;blue sky&rdquo; laws,
rules or regulations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon the foregoing and in
reliance thereon, and having regard to legal considerations and other information that we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that the
Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and if, when and to the extent any Shares are issued and sold in accordance with all applicable
terms and conditions set forth in, and in the manner contemplated by, the ATM Agreement and any relevant Terms Agreement, including payment
in full to the Company of all consideration required therefor, and as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, such
Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The opinion expressed herein is
based upon the applicable laws of the State of Nevada and the facts in existence on the date of this opinion letter. In delivering this
opinion letter to you, we disclaim any obligation to update or supplement the opinion set forth herein or to apprise you of any changes
in any laws or facts after the date hereof. No opinion is offered or implied as to any matter, and no inference may be drawn, beyond the
strict scope of the specific issues expressly addressed by the opinion set forth herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the filing
of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K being filed on the date hereof and incorporated by reference into
the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo;. In giving
this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules
and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Very truly yours,</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>slnh-20250429_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL DEFINITION FILE
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>slnh-20250429_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EXCEL
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>Financial_Report.xlsx
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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  xmlns:SLNH="http://solunacomputing.com/20250429"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024"
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    <context id="AsOf2025-04-29">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000064463</identifier>
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        <period>
            <startDate>2025-04-29</startDate>
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        <period>
            <startDate>2025-04-29</startDate>
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    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 29, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 29,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-40261<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">SOLUNA
HOLDINGS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000064463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">14-1462255<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">325
    Washington Avenue Extension<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Albany<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">12205<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(516)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">216-9257<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=SLNH_CommonStockParValue0.001PerShareMember', window );">Common stock, par value $0.001 per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SLNH<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=SLNH_Sec9.0SeriesCumulativePerpetualPreferredStockParValue0.001PerShareMember', window );">9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SLNHP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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