Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements

Determination of Fair Value

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market and in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in the principal or most advantageous market and in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

Fair Value Hierarchy

In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities Available-for-Sale

Fair values of securities available-for sale are based on quoted prices available in an active market. If quoted prices are available, these securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow.

Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Currently, all of the Company’s securities are considered to be Level 2 securities.

The below tables summarize the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the period.

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Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Derivatives Assets/Liabilities – Interest Rate Lock Commitments (IRLCs) and Forward Sales Commitments

The Company recognizes IRLCs at fair value based on the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. All of the Company’s IRLCs are classified as Level 3.

Beginning with the first quarter of 2022, the Company elected to begin using fair value accounting for its forward sales commitments related to IRLCs. Best efforts sales commitments are entered into for loans intended for sale in the secondary market at the time the borrower commitment is made. The best efforts commitments are valued using the committed price to the counter-party against the current market price of the interest rate lock commitment. All the Company’s forward sale commitments are classified Level 3.


			Carrying Value at March 31, 2022 (in thousands)
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			in Active		Other		Unobservable
		Balance as of	Markets for		Observable		Inputs
		March 31,	Identical Assets		Inputs		(Level 3)
Description		2022	(Level 1)		(Level 2)
US Treasuries	$	4,799	$	—	$	4,799	$	—
US agency obligations		64,462		—		64,462		—
Mortgage-backed securities		81,282		—		81,282		—
Municipals		45,351		—		45,351		—
Corporates		16,722		—		16,722		—

Total available-for-sale securities	$	212,616	$	—	$	212,616	$	—
IRLCs - liability		171		—		—		171
Forward sales commitments - asset		446		—		—-		446


			Carrying Value at December 31, 2021 (in thousands)
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			in Active		Other		Unobservable
	Balance as of		Markets for		Observable		Inputs
	December 31,		Identical Assets		Inputs		(Level 3)
Description	2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)
US Treasuries	$	2,002	$	—	$	2,002	$	—
US agency obligations		58,470		—		58,470		—
Mortgage-backed securities		37,438		—		37,438		—
Municipals		50,204		—		50,204		—
Corporates		13,153		—		13,153		—

Total available-for-sale securities	$	161,267	$	—	$	161,267	$	—
IRLCs – asset		144		—		—		144
Total assets at fair value	$	161,411	$	—	$	161,267	$	144

The following table provides additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

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Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)


	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for March 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Assets
IRLCs – liability	$	(171)	Market approach	Range of pull through rate	70% - 100% (85%)
Forward Sales Commitments – asset		446	Market approach	Range of pull through rate	70% - 100% (85%)

(1) Weighted based on the relative value of the instruments


	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2021
	(dollars in thousands)
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Assets
IRLCs - asset	$	144	Market approach	Range of pull through rate	70% - 100% (85%)

(1) Weighted based on the relative value of the instruments

Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Impaired loans

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected when due. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing the loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Bank using observable market data (Level 2). However, in situations where the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction, the appraisal is more than 12 months old, management has determined the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraisal is not based solely on market comparables adjusted for observable inputs, the value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Loans held for sale

Loans held for sale are carried at cost which approximates estimated fair value. These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, the Company records fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during the period ended March 31, 2022. Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded within gains on sales of loans held for sale on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other real estate owned

Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell. We believe that the fair value component in its valuation follows the provisions of ASC 820.

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is transferred to OREO. The measurement of loss associated with OREO is based on the fair value of the collateral compared to the unpaid loan balance and anticipated costs to sell the property. The value of OREO property is

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Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)

determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Bank using observable market data (Level 2).

Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and expensed against current earnings. However, in situations where the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction, the appraisal is more than 12 months old, management has determined the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraisal is not based solely on market comparables adjusted for observable inputs, the value is considered Level 3.

The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans and OREO measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period (in thousands):


			Carrying Value at March 31, 2022
Description	Balance as of March 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans*	$	1,391	$	—	$	—	$	1,391
Other real estate owned		761		—		—		761

* Includes loans charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral.


			Carrying Value at December 31, 2021
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans*	$	1,802	$	—	$	—	$	1,802
Other real estate owned		761		—		—		761

* Includes loans charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral.

The following table sets forth information regarding the quantitative inputs used to value assets classified as Level 3:


	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for March 31, 2022
	(dollars in thousands)
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Assets
Impaired loans	$	1,391	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	0% - 10% (8%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	0% - 20% (6%)

OREO		761	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	10%
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	0% - 25% (15%)

(1)Weighted based on the relative value of the instruments.

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Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)



	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2021
	(dollars in thousands)
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Assets
Impaired loans	$	1,802	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	0% - 10% (8%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	0% - 20% (6%)

OREO		761	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	10%
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	0% - 27% (26%)

(1)Weighted based on the relative value of the instruments.

Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are presented in the following tables whether or not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.

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Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)

The estimated fair values, and related carrying or notional amounts, of Financial’s financial instruments and their placement in the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2022 using
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	Amounts		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Balance
Cash and due from banks	$	32,780	$	32,780	$	—	$	—	$	32,780
Fed funds sold		64,027		64,027		—		—		64,027
Securities
Available-for-sale		212,616		—		212,616		—		212,616
Held-to-maturity		3,651		—		3,400		—		3,400
Restricted stock		1,324				1,324		—		1,324
Loans, net (1)		588,924		—		-		570,532		570,532
Loans held for sale		6,516		—		6,516		—		6,516
Interest receivable		2,194		—		2,194		—		2,194
BOLI		18,898		—		18,898		—		18,898
Derivatives – Forward sales commitments		446		—		-		446		446

Liabilities
Deposits	$	881,427	$	—	$	882,086	$	—	$	882,086
Capital notes		10,034		—		—		9,850		9,850
Other borrowings		10,856				—		10,899		10,899
Interest payable		39		—		39		—		39
Derivatives - IRLCs		171		—		—		171		171


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 using
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	Amounts		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Balance
Cash and due from banks	$	29,337	$	29,337	$	—	$	—	$	29,337
Fed funds sold		153,816		153,816		—		—		153,816
Securities
Available-for-sale		161,267		—		161,267		—		161,267
Held-to-maturity		3,655		—		4,006		—		4,006
Restricted stock		1,324		—		1,324		—		1,324
Loans, net (1)		576,469		—		—		565,543		565,543
Loans held for sale		1,628		—		1,628		—		1,628
Interest receivable		2,064		—		2,064		—		2,064
BOLI		18,785		—		18,785		—		18,785
Derivatives		144		—		—		144		144

Liabilities
Deposits	$	887,056	$	—	$	887,955	$	—	$	887,955
Capital notes		10,031		—		—		10,711		10,711
Other borrowings		10,985		—		—		11,465		11,465
Interest payable		46		—		46		—		46

(1) Carrying amount is net of unearned income and the Allowance.