In accordance with the Company’s 2013 Incentive Plan, stock awards, including stock options and restricted stock, have been granted to certain employees and non-employee directors. Shares of common stock available for distribution to satisfy the grants may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares or shares reacquired by the Company in any manner. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards totaled $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Stock option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant and have vesting periods ranging from one to three years, with 10-year contractual terms. The Company recognizes the cost of services received in exchange for stock option awards based on the grant date fair value of the award, with compensation expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period. The fair value of outstanding awards was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company did not grant any stock option awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares		Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares		Average Exercise Price
Options:
Outstanding, beginning of period		419,650	$	9.79		420,250	$	9.79
Granted		—		—		—		—
Exercised		—		—		—		—
Expired		—		—		—		—
Forfeited		—		—		600		10.86
Options outstanding, end of period		419,650	$	9.79		419,650	$	9.79
Options exercisable, end of period		419,650	$	9.79		415,916	$	9.77

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding (calculated as the amount by which the market value of underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option) was zero and $0.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 57,300 shares and 45,938 shares, respectively, of restricted stock were granted. The Company recognizes the cost of services received in exchange for restricted stock awards based on the grant date closing price of the stock, with compensation expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period.