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BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business Description: Regis Corporation (the "Company") franchises, owns and operates technology-enabled hairstyling and hair care salons throughout the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), Canada and Puerto Rico. The business is evaluated in two segments, Franchise salons and Company-owned salons. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Franchised salons throughout the U.S. and Canada are primarily located in strip shopping centers or Walmart Supercenters. Salons in the U.K. are franchised locations and operate in leading department stores, mass merchants and high-street locations. Substantially all of the hairstyling and hair care salons owned and operated by the Company in the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico are located in leased space in strip shopping centers, malls or Walmart Supercenters. COVID-19 Impact: During fiscal year 2020, the global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) had an adverse impact on operations, including the closure of all company-owned salons and almost all franchise locations from March 2020 due to government mandates. Salons continued to be closed until April 23, 2020 when franchise salons began re-opening slowly, as government, state and local restrictions eased. As of June 30, 2020 approximately 87% of franchise salons were open. Company-owned salons were closed through May 21, 2020 and are gradually re-opening. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 54% of company-owned salons were open. As salons re-open, the Company is taking additional measures across its portfolio of franchise and company-owned salons to facilitate customer and employee safety. As a result, COVID-19 has and will continue to negatively affect revenue and profitability. To offset the loss of revenue, in April 2020, the Company implemented a furlough program for a substantial majority of the workforce across the corporate office, field support, and distribution centers; and reductions in the pay for executives and other working employees. The furlough program was in effect for the majority of the fiscal fourth quarter with a substantial majority returning to work in June 2020. Despite actions taken to resume business operations, COVID-19, and the volatile regional and global economic conditions stemming from the pandemic, as well as reactions to future pandemics or resurgences of COVID-19, could potentially prolong and intensify the impact of the global crisis on our business. The economic disruption due to COVID-19 was determined to be a triggering event and as a result, management assessed its long-term assets, including long-lived salon assets, right of use assets, goodwill and other intangibles for impairment. Impairments were recorded related to long-lived salon assets (Note 7), right of use assets (Note 6), intangible assets (Note 4) and goodwill (Notes 1 and 5). As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, management will reassess all long-term assets and further impairment may result. Consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries after the elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. All material subsidiaries are wholly owned. The Company consolidates variable interest entities where it has determined it is the primary beneficiary of those entities' operations. Variable Interest Entities: The Company has interests in certain privately-held entities through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such entities, known as a variable interest entity (VIE), are required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The Company evaluates whether or not it is the primary beneficiary for each VIE using a qualitative assessment that considers the VIE's purpose and design, the involvement of each of the interest holders and the risk and benefits of the VIE. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has one VIE, Roosters MGC International LLC (Roosters), where the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company owns an 84.0% ownership interest in Roosters. As of June 30, 2020, total assets, total liabilities and total shareholders' equity of Roosters were $13.2, $4.8 and $8.4 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, total assets, total liabilities and total shareholders' equity of Roosters were $9.6, $1.7, and $7.9 million, respectively. Net income attributable to the non-controlling interest in Roosters was immaterial for fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018. Shareholders' equity attributable to the non-controlling interest in Roosters was $1.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and recorded within retained earnings on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company accounts for its investment in Empire Education Group, Inc. (EEG) as an equity investment under the voting interest model, as the Company has granted the other shareholder of EEG an irrevocable proxy to vote a certain number of the Company’s shares such that the other shareholder of EEG has voting control of EEG’s common stock, as well as the right to appoint four of the five members of EEG’s Board of Directors. The Company wrote off its investment balance in EEG in fiscal year 2016. During fiscal year 2020, the Company signed an agreement to sell its interest in EEG to the other shareholder. The transaction is expected to close in fiscal year 2021, at which time the Company expects to record an immaterial non-operating gain. Use of Estimates: The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the impact of the decline in business activity brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve. As a result, many of our estimates and assumptions required increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, our estimates may change materially in future periods. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: Cash equivalents consist of investments in short-term, highly liquid securities having original maturities of three months or less, which are made as a part of the Company's cash management activity. The carrying values of these assets approximate their fair market values. The Company primarily utilizes a cash management system with a series of separate accounts consisting of lockbox accounts for receiving cash, concentration accounts that funds are moved to and several "zero balance" disbursement accounts for funding of payroll and accounts payable. As a result of the Company's cash management system, checks issued, but not presented to the banks for payment, may create negative book cash balances. There were no checks outstanding in excess of related book cash balances at June 30, 2020 and 2019. Restricted cash within other current assets primarily relates to consolidated advertising cooperatives funds which can only be used to settle obligations of the respective cooperatives and contractual obligations to collateralize the Company's self-insurance programs. The self-insurance restricted cash arrangement can be canceled by the Company at any time if substituted with letters of credit. The table below reconciles the cash and cash equivalents balances and restricted cash balances, recorded within other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet to the amount of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:
| June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 113,667 |  |  | $ | 70,141 |
Restricted cash, included in other current assets | 9,213 |  |  | 22,238 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 122,880 |  |  | $ | 92,379 |
Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: The receivable balance on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet primarily includes credit card receivables, accounts and notes receivable from franchisees and receivables related to salons sold to franchisees. The balance is presented net of an allowance for expected losses (i.e., doubtful accounts), related to receivables from the Company's franchisees. The Company monitors the financial condition of its franchisees and records provisions for estimated losses on receivables when it believes franchisees are unable to make their required payments based on factors such as delinquencies and aging trends. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company's best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses related to existing accounts and notes receivables. As of June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $6.9, $2.0 and $1.2 million, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts increased in fiscal year 2020 due to an increased risk in collecting franchise receivables due to decreased franchisee cash flows as a result of the government-mandated salon closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Material movement was also recorded within the allowance for doubtful accounts in fiscal year 2019 due to the TBG restructuring activity. See Notes 2 and 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K. At June 30, 2018, the receivable balance also included $24.6 million related to the cash surrender value of company-owned life insurance policies surrendered prior to June 30, 2018. The Company received these proceeds in July 2018. Inventories: Inventories of finished goods consist principally of hair care products for retail product sales. A portion of inventories are also used for salon services consisting of hair color, hair care products including shampoo and conditioner and hair care treatments including permanents, neutralizers and relaxers. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a weighted average cost basis. Physical inventory counts are performed primarily in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year for salons and throughout the year at the distribution centers. Product and service inventories are adjusted based on the physical inventory counts. During the fiscal year, cost of retail product sold to salon guests is determined based on the weighted average cost of product sold, adjusted for an estimated shrinkage factor. The cost of product used in salon services is determined by applying an estimated percentage of total cost of service to service revenues. These estimates are updated quarterly based on cycle count results for the distribution centers, service sales mix, discounting, special promotions and other factors. The Company has inventory valuation reserves for excess and obsolete inventories, or other factors that may render inventories unmarketable at their historical costs. Estimates of the future demand for the Company's inventory and anticipated changes in formulas and packaging are some of the other factors used by management in assessing the net realizable value of inventories. Activity in the inventory valuation reserves during fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 was not significant. Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful asset lives (30 to 39 years for buildings, 10 years or lease life for improvements and three to ten years or lease life for equipment, furniture and software). Depreciation expense was $31.8, $31.9 and $38.1 million in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company capitalizes both internal and external costs of developing or obtaining computer software for internal use. Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized, while data conversion, training and maintenance costs associated with internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Estimated useful lives range from three to seven years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs and minor renewals and betterments, which do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets, are expensed. All other expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized. The assets and related depreciation and amortization accounts are adjusted for property retirements and disposals with the resulting gain or loss included in operating income. Fully depreciated or amortized assets remain in the accounts until retired from service. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale: In March 2019, the Company announced that it had entered into a ten year lease for a new corporate headquarters and would be selling the land and buildings currently used for its headquarters. The non-current assets held for sale represent the net book value of the land of $1.7 million and buildings of $3.6 million as of June 30, 2019. The sale was completed in December 2019 for proceeds of $9.0 million, resulting in a net gain on sale of $2.5 million, which was recorded in Interest income and other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Right of Use Asset, Lease Liabilities and Rent Expense: At contract inception, the Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease by determining whether it conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset for a period of time. If the contract provides the Company the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and the right to direct the use of the identified asset, the Company considers it to be, or contain, a lease. The Company leases its company-owned salons and some of its corporate facilities under operating leases. The original terms of the salon leases range from 1 to 20 years with many leases renewable for additional 5 to 10 year terms at the option of the Company. The right of use asset and lease liability includes one renewal options as leases for leases expected to be renewed. The Company also has variable lease payments that are based on sales levels. For most leases, the Company is required to pay real estate taxes and other occupancy expense. The Company also leases the premises in which the majority of its franchisees operate and has entered into corresponding sublease arrangements with franchisees. These leases, generally with terms of approximately 5 years, are expected to be renewed on expiration. All additional lease costs are passed through to the franchisees. Upon adopting Topic 842, the Company now records the rental payments due from franchisees as franchise rental income and the corresponding amounts owed to landlords as franchise rent expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For franchise and company-owned salon operating leases, the lease liability is initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. The right of use (ROU) asset is initially and subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, less any accrued lease payments and unamortized lease incentives received, if any. The Company’s consolidated Right of Use Asset (ROUA) balance was $786.2 million as of June 30, 2020. As noted above, the ROU asset is a long-lived asset that is subject to impairment testing annually or as triggering events occur. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Generally, the non-lease components such as real estate taxes and other occupancy expenses are separate from rent expense within the lease and are not allocated to the lease liability. The discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the Company's estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate, based on the yield curve for the respective lease terms, as the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot generally be determined. The Company uses the portfolio approach in applying the discount rate based on original lease term. For purposes of recognizing incentives and minimum rental expenses on a straight-line basis, the Company uses the date it obtains the legal right to use and control the leased space to begin amortization, which is generally when the Company enters the space and begins to make improvements in preparation of its intended use. Certain leases provide for contingent rents, which are determined as a percentage of revenues in excess of specified levels. The Company records a contingent rent liability in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, along with the corresponding rent expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, when specified levels have been achieved or when management determines that achieving the specified levels during the fiscal year is probable. Salon Long-Lived Asset and Right of Use Asset Impairment Assessments: The Company assesses impairment of long-lived salon assets and right of use assets at the individual salon level, as this is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets and liabilities, when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets or the asset grouping may not be recoverable. Factors considered in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant under-performance of an individual salon in relation to expectations, significant economic or geographic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in our use of the assets. The first step is to assess recoverability, and in doing that, the undiscounted cash flows are compared to the carrying value. If the undiscounted estimated cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company calculates an impairment charge based on the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and its fair value. The fair value of the salon long-lived asset group is estimated using market participant methods based on the best information available. The fair value of the right of use asset is estimated by determining what a market participant would pay over the life of the primary asset in the group, discounted back to June 30, 2020. See Note 6 for further discussion related to right of use asset impairment. Judgments made by management related to the expected useful lives of long-lived assets and the ability to realize undiscounted cash flows in excess of the carrying amounts of such assets are affected by factors such as the ongoing maintenance and improvement of the assets, changes in economic conditions and changes in operating performance. As the ongoing expected cash flows and carrying amounts of long-lived assets are assessed, these factors could cause the Company to realize material impairment charges. Long-lived property and equipment asset impairment charges related to continuing operations of $3.9, $4.6 and $11.1 million were recorded during fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are recorded in Depreciation and Amortization in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. A long-lived asset, including right of use and salon property and equipment, impairment charge of $22.6 million was recorded during fiscal year 2020, and is separately stated on Consolidated Statement of Operations. Of the total $22.6 million long-lived asset impairment charge, $17.4 million was allocated to the right of use asset and $5.2 million was allocated to salon property and equipment. Goodwill: As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Franchise salons reporting unit had $227.5 and $227.9 million of goodwill and the Company-owned reporting unit had $0 and $117.8 million of goodwill, respectively. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company assesses goodwill impairment on an annual basis as of April 30, 2020, and between annual assessments if an event occurs, or circumstances change, that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill impairment assessments are performed at the reporting unit level, which is the same as the Company’s operating segments. In fiscal year 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, which simplified the test for goodwill impairment. Under this accounting standard, the Company performed its interim impairment test and annual impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. The Company then records an impairment charge for the amount that the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. This eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test to simplify the subsequent measure of goodwill. Prior to the adoption, the goodwill assessment involved a one-step comparison of the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value, including goodwill (Step 1). If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeded its carrying value, no further procedures were required. However, if the reporting unit’s fair value was less than the carrying value, an impairment charge was recorded for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit. In applying the goodwill impairment assessment, the Company could assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units was less than its carrying value (Step 0). Qualitative factors could include, but were not limited to, economic, market and industry conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the reporting unit. If after assessing these qualitative factors, the Company determined it is “more-likely-than-not” that the carrying value was less than the fair value, then performing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment assessment was unnecessary. The carrying value of each reporting unit is based on the assets and liabilities associated with the operations of the reporting unit, including allocation of shared or corporate balances among reporting units. Allocations are generally based on the number of salons in each reporting unit as a percent of total company-owned salons or expenses of the reporting unit as a percent of total company expenses. The Company calculates estimated fair values of the reporting units based on discounted cash flows utilizing estimates in annual revenue, service and product margins, fixed expense rates, allocated corporate overhead, franchise and company-owned salon counts, proceeds from the sale of company-owned salons to franchisees and long-term growth rates for determining terminal value. Where available and as appropriate, comparative market multiples are used in conjunction with the results of the discounted cash flows. The Company engages third-party valuation consultants to assist in evaluating the Company's estimated fair value calculations. Following is a description of the goodwill impairment assessments for each of the fiscal years: Fiscal 2020 During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company determined a triggering event occurred, resulting in quantitative impairment tests performed over the goodwill. This determination was made considering the reduced sales and profitability projections for the reporting units, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic disruption. The triggering event experienced in the third quarter impacted both reporting units of the business, Franchise and Company-owned. The Company engaged a third-party valuation specialist to perform an impairment analysis on the Franchise reporting unit of the business. The Company-owned reporting unit is comprised of a portfolio of salons that the Company intends to sell to franchisees or close in the short-term as part of the transition to a fully-franchised model. As a result, the Company-owned reporting unit has a limited life which allows the Company to perform its own impairment analysis on the Company-owned reporting unit. For the goodwill impairment analysis, management utilized a combination of both a discounted cash flows approach and market approach to evaluate the Franchise reporting unit, and the discounted cash flows approach to evaluate the Company-owned reporting unit. The discounted cash flow models reflect management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends including deterioration from the current COVID-19 pandemic, cost structure, and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results of the reporting units. For the Franchise reporting unit, the number of salons to be sold to franchisees and the discount rate of 13 percent were significant assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow. For the Company-owned reporting unit, proceeds from the sale of salons to franchisees and number of salon venditions were the significant assumptions utilized in its discounted cash flow. As a result of the impairment testing, the Franchise reporting unit, which has goodwill of $227.5 million, was determined to have a fair value that exceeded carrying value by approximately 50 percent. The Company-owned reporting unit was determined to have a carrying value in excess of its fair value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge of $40.2 million. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company had been derecognizing Company-owned goodwill as part of the calculation of gain or loss on the sale of salons to franchisees. The Company-owned reporting unit has no remaining goodwill, so there will be no further derecognition of Company-owned goodwill. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment as of April 30, 2020 and noted no significant changes to the carrying value or the fair value of the Franchise reporting unit which would indicate that the headroom dropped below the 50 percent determined as of March 31, 2020. If a future triggering event analysis or the Company's annual impairment assessment indicates the fair value of the Franchise reporting unit has potentially fallen below more than the 50 percent headroom, we may be required to perform an updated impairment assessment which may result in a non-cash impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill. Assessing goodwill for impairment requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including forecasting future sales, future salon sales to franchisees and selecting appropriate discount rates, which can be affected by economic conditions and other factors that can be difficult to predict. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions it uses to calculate impairment losses of goodwill. However, if actual results are not consistent with the estimates and assumptions used in the calculations, or if management is unable to expand its franchise base, the Company may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material. Fiscal 2019 During the fiscal year 2019, the Company did not experience any triggering events that required an interim goodwill analysis. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment as of April 30. For the fiscal year 2019 annual impairment assessment, due to the transformational efforts completed during the year, the Company elected to forgo the optional Step 0 assessment and performed the quantitative impairment analysis on the Franchise and Company-owned reporting units. The Company compared the carrying value of the reporting units, including goodwill, to their estimated fair value. The results of these assessments indicated that the estimated fair value of the Company's reporting units exceeded their carrying value. The Franchise reporting unit had substantial headroom and the Company-owned reporting unit had headroom of approximately 20%. Fiscal Year 2018 During the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company experienced a triggering event due to the redefining of its operating segments as the Company's mall-based business and International segment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and as a discontinued operation as of September 30, 2017. The Company's reporting changed to two reporting units: Franchise and Company-owned. Prior to this change the Company had four reporting units: North American Value, North American Premium, North American Franchise and International. Pursuant to the change in operating segments, the Company performed a goodwill impairment assessment on its North American Value reporting unit. The Company assessed qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than their carrying values (Step 0). The Company determined it is “more-likely-than-not” that the carrying value of the reporting unit was less than the fair value. Accordingly, the Company did not perform a quantitative analysis. Based on the changes to the operating segment structure, there was no goodwill reallocated from the North American Value reporting unit related to the mall-based business that was subsequently sold as the mall-based business previously included in the North American Value reporting unit was projected to incur future losses. The Company did not perform a goodwill impairment assessment for the North American Franchise reporting unit during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, as this reporting unit was not impacted by the triggering event. The North American Premium and International units did not have any goodwill. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment as of April 30. For the fiscal year 2018 annual impairment assessment, due to the transformational efforts completed during the year, the Company elected to forgo the optional Step 0 assessment and performed the quantitative impairment analysis on the Franchise and Company-owned reporting units. The Company compared the carrying value of the reporting units, including goodwill, to their estimated fair value. The results of these assessments indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting units exceeded their carrying value. The Franchise reporting unit had substantial headroom and the Company-owned reporting unit had headroom of approximately 24%. The fair value of the Company-owned reporting unit was determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis and comparable market multiples. The assumptions used in determining fair value were similar to than those used in fiscal year 2019. Investments In Affiliates: The Company has equity investments in securities of certain privately held entities. The Company accounts for these investments under the equity or cost method of accounting. The Company's investments have no value as of June 30, 2020 and 2019. Self-Insurance Accruals: The Company uses a combination of third party insurance and self-insurance for a number of risks including workers' compensation, health insurance, employment practice liability and general liability claims. The liability represents the Company's estimate of the undiscounted ultimate cost of uninsured claims incurred as of the Consolidated Balance Sheet date. The Company estimates self-insurance liabilities using a number of factors, primarily based on independent third-party actuarially-determined amounts, historical claims experience, estimates of incurred but not reported claims, demographic factors and severity factors. Although the Company does not expect the amounts ultimately paid to differ significantly from the estimates, self-insurance accruals could be affected if future claims experience differs significantly from historical trends and actuarial assumptions. For fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded decreases (increases) in expense for changes in estimates related to prior year open policy periods of $3.1, $(1.3) and $1.2 million, respectively. The Company updates loss projections quarterly and adjusts its liability to reflect updated projections. The updated loss projections consider new claims and developments associated with existing claims for each open policy period. As certain claims can take years to settle, the Company has multiple policy periods open at any point in time. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $8.5 and $20.3 million recorded in current liabilities and non-current liabilities, respectively, related to the Company's self-insurance accruals. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $10.1 and $23.6 million recorded in current liabilities and non-current liabilities, respectively, related to the Company's self-insurance accruals. Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue: Franchise revenues primarily include royalties, advertising fund fees and initial franchise fees. Royalties and advertising fund revenues represent sales-based royalties that are recognized as revenue in the period in which the sales occur. The Company defers franchise fees until the salon is open and then recognizes the revenue over the term of the franchise agreement. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Product sales by the Company to its franchisees are included within product revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and recorded at the time product is delivered to franchise locations. Company-owned salon revenues are recognized at the time when the services are provided. Product revenues are recognized when the guest receives and pays for the merchandise. Classification of Expenses: The following discussion provides the primary costs classified in each major expense category: Cost of service— labor costs related to salon employees and the cost of product used in providing service. Cost of product— cost of product sold to guests, labor costs related to selling retail product and the cost of product sold to franchisees. Site operating— direct costs incurred by the Company's salons, such as advertising, workers' compensation, insurance, utilities and janitorial costs. General and administrative— costs associated with field supervision, costs associated with salon training, distribution centers and corporate offices (such as salaries and professional fees), including cost incurred to support franchise operations. Consideration Received from Vendors: The Company receives consideration for a variety of vendor-sponsored programs. These programs primarily include volume rebates and promotion and advertising reimbursements. With respect to volume rebates, the Company estimates the amount of rebate it will receive and accrues it as a reduction to the cost of inventory over the period in which the rebate is earned based upon historical purchasing patterns and the terms of the volume rebate program. A quarterly analysis is performed in order to ensure the estimated rebate accrued is reasonable and any necessary adjustments are recorded. Shipping and Handling Costs: Shipping and handling costs are incurred to store, move and ship product from the Company's distribution centers to franchise and company-owned locations and include an allocation of internal overhead. Such shipping and handling costs related to product shipped to company-owned locations are included in site operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Shipping and handling costs related to shipping product to franchise locations totaled $8.6, $7.7 and $6.1 million during fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included within general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Any amounts billed to franchisees for shipping and handling are included in product revenues within the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Advertising and Advertising Funds: Advertising costs consist of the Company’s corporate funded advertising costs, the Company’s advertising fund contributions and Franchisee’s advertising fund contributions. Corporate funded advertising costs are expensed as incurred. The Company has various franchising programs supporting certain of its franchise salon concepts. Most maintain advertising funds that provide comprehensive advertising and sales promotion support. Salons, both franchise and company-owned, are required to participate in the advertising funds for the same salon concept. The Company assists in the administration of the advertising funds, however, a group of individuals consisting of franchisee representatives has control over all of the expenditures and operates the funds in accordance with franchise operating and other agreements. Advertising fund contributions are expensed when the contribution is made. The Company's advertising costs are included in site operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and consist of the following:
|  | Fiscal Years |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Corporate funded advertising costs |  | $ | 13,210 |  |  | $ | 21,581 |  |  | $ | 19,803 |
Advertising fund contributions from company-owned salons |  | 3,715 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  | 16,834 |
Advertising fund contributions from franchisees (1) |  | 13,341 |  |  | 34,073 |  |  | 26,818 |
Total advertising costs |  | $ | 30,266 |  |  | $ | 68,583 |  |  | $ | 63,455 |
_____________________________________________________________________________ (1)Includes the refunding of $14.9 million of previously collected cooperative fees to franchisees as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company records all advertising funds as assets and liabilities within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $4.3 and $23.6 million, respectively, representing the advertising funds' assets and liabilities were recorded within total assets and total liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans: The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the awards at the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award (or to the date a participant becomes eligible for retirement, if earlier). The Company uses fair value methods that require the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected term, expected volatility, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates the likelihood and the rate of achievement for performance sensitive stock-based awards at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the estimated rate of achievement can have a significant effect on the recorded stock-based compensation expense as the effect of a change in the estimated achievement level is recognized in the period the change occurs. Sales Taxes: Sales taxes are recorded on a net basis (rather than as both revenue and an expense) within the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations. Income Taxes: Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or income tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates all evidence, including recent financial performance, the existence of cumulative year losses and our forecast of future taxable income, to assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. While the determination of whether or not to record a valuation allowance is not fully governed by a specific objective test, accounting guidance places significant weight on recent financial performance. The Company has a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets of $122.4 and $70.7 million at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make necessary adjustments to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. Significant components of the valuation allowance which occurred during fiscal year 2020 are as follows: •In connection with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), NOLs resulting from accounting periods which straddled December 31, 2017 are now considered definite-lived NOLs. Therefore, the Company established a valuation allowance against the U.S. NOLs generated during its fiscal year 2018 and recorded a net tax expense of $14.7 million. •The Company determined that it no longer had sufficient U.S. indefinite-lived taxable temporary differences to support realization of its U.S. indefinite-lived NOLs and its existing U.S. deferred tax assets that upon reversal are expected to generate indefinite-lived NOLs. As a result, the Company recorded an additional $17.0 million valuation allowance on its U.S. federal indefinite-lived deferred tax assets. •The Company recognized a capital loss and established a corresponding valuation allowance of $14.9 million on investment outside basis previously impaired for financial accounting purposes. The Company reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties related to anticipated tax audit positions in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on an estimate of whether additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of these liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period in which it is determined that the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, additional expenses would result. Inherent in the measurement of deferred balances are certain judgments and interpretations of tax laws and published guidance with respect to the Company's operations. Income tax expense is primarily the current tax payable for the period and the change during the period in certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K. Net (Loss) Income Per Share: The Company's basic earnings per share is calculated as net (loss) income divided by weighted average common shares outstanding, excluding unvested outstanding restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The Company's dilutive earnings per share is calculated as net (loss) income divided by weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding, which includes shares issuable under the Company's stock option plan and long-term incentive plan and dilutive securities. Stock-based awards with exercise prices greater than the average market value of the Company's common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. Comprehensive (Loss) Income: Components of comprehensive (loss) income include net (loss) income, foreign currency translation adjustments and recognition of deferred compensation, net of tax within shareholders' equity. Foreign Currency Translation: The Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows of the Company's international operations are measured using local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each Balance Sheet date. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders' equity. Statement of Operations accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. During fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, the foreign currency (loss) gain included in (loss) income from continuing operations was $(0.1), $0.1 and $(0.1) million, respectively. During fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized within discontinued operations a $6.2 million foreign currency translation loss in connection with the Company's liquidation of substantially all foreign entities with British pound denominated currencies. Accounting Standards Recently Adopted by the Company: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In fiscal year 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)" for the interim impairment test performed due to the triggering event noted above, for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Under this accounting standard, the Company performed its interim impairment test and annual impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. The Company then records an impairment charge for the amount that the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. This eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test to simplify the subsequent measure of goodwill. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance requiring organizations that lease assets to recognize the rights and obligations created by those leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842 as of July 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and elected the option to not restate comparative periods in the year of adoption. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients that do not require reassessment of whether existing contracts are or contain leases, lease classification or initial direct costs. The Company has also made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under adoption of Topic 842, the Company recorded a right of use asset and lease liability of $980.8 and $993.7 million, respectively. The difference between the assets and liabilities are attributable to the reclassification of certain existing lease-related assets and liabilities as an adjustment to the right of use assets. The decrease in the right of use asset and lease liability from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 was due to lease modifications and salon closures. Additionally, the right of use asset was impaired in the fourth fiscal quarter. The Lease Liability reflects a present value of the Company's current minimum lease payments for existing operating leases primarily relating to real estate leases, over a lease term which includes one option, as options are reasonably assured of being exercised, discounted using a collateralized incremental borrowing rate. The Company will use the portfolio approach in applying the discount rate. The accounting guidance for lessors remained largely unchanged from previous guidance, with the exception of the presentation of rent payments that the Company passes through to franchisees (lessees). These costs are generally paid by the Company and reimbursed by the franchisee. Historically, these costs have been recorded on a net basis within rent expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, but are now presented on a gross basis upon adoption of the new guidance. The adoption of the new guidance resulted in the recognition of franchise rental income and franchise rent expense of $127.2 million during fiscal year 2020. See Note 6 for further information about our transition to Topic 842 and the newly required disclosures. Accounting Standards Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted by the Company: In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13 "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. The Company will adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2021, as required, and does not expect the standard to materially affect consolidated net earnings, financial position, or cash flows. The Company does not expect that any other recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material effect on our financial statements

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