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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

NOTE (12) – Income Taxes

Income tax expense or benefit is computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and the California income tax rate of 10.84% to taxable income or loss.  The Company recorded income tax benefits of $345 thousand and $395 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to income tax benefits of $128 thousand and $86 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.  The increase in income tax benefit during the second quarter and first six months of 2020 was primarily due to a tax adjustment of $273 thousand upon the resolution of an outstanding audit issue with the California Franchise Tax Board for tax years 2009 to 2013.  In addition, the Company recorded low-income housing tax credits of $29 thousand and $58 thousand during the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $50 thousand and $99 thousand during the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019.

The Company and its subsidiary are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes.  Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.  In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management evaluates both positive and negative evidence, including the existence of cumulative losses in the current year and the prior two years, the amount of taxes paid in available carry-back years, the forecasts of future income and tax planning strategies. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that as of June 30, 2020, no valuation allowance was required on its deferred tax assets, which totaled $5.4 million.