Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation expense for each employee and director is presented in the same income statement caption as their cash compensation. Stock-based compensation expense by income statement caption and the related income tax benefit were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2016		2015		2016		2015
Cost of sales	$	14	$	10	$	43	$	29
Research and development expenses	136		94		409		305
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Employees	1,748		1,459		5,324		4,465
Outside directors	770		377		1,862		1,124
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,668	$	1,940	$	7,638	$	5,923

Income tax benefit	$	812	$	550	$	2,281	$	1,684

Stock Options

Stock option activity was as follows:



	Number of Options (in 000's)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000's)
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	648		$	30.50
Granted	243		49.67
Exercised	(191	)	25.21			$	8,065
Forfeited/canceled/expired	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2016 ⁽¹⁾	700		$	38.60	4.95	$	25,113
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2016⁽¹⁾	700		$	38.60	4.95	$	25,105
Exercisable at September 30, 2016 ⁽¹⁾	392		$	29.36	4.07	$	17,663

⁽¹⁾

The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of the third quarter of 2016 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they all exercised their options on September 30, 2016. This amount will change based on the fair market value of our stock.

The assumptions we utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted average fair value of stock option grants were the following:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Weighted average fair value of grants	$	—		$	—		$	17.96		$	24.77
Risk-free interest rate	—		%	—		%	1.36		%	1.38		%
Expected volatility	—		%	—		%	41.38		%	43.50		%
Expected life in years	0.00			0.00			4.55			4.56

As of September 30, 2016, we expect to recognize $4.5 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options over a remaining weighted-average life of 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock

Non-vested restricted stock award activity was as follows:



	Shares (in 000's)		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2015	225		$	51.31
Granted	76		63.23
Vested	(57	)	50.18
Forfeited	(2	)	55.80
Non-vested at September 30, 2016	242		$	55.32

As of September 30, 2016, we expect to recognize $9.8 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards over a weighted-average life of 1.7 years.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.

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