10-Q 1 uei-09302017x10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________
(Mark One)

ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-21044
_______________________________________
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 33-0204817
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
201 E. Sandpointe Avenue, 8 th Floor Santa Ana, California |  | 92707
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (714) 918-9500
__________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, any Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ý
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  | Emerging growth company | ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No ý

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 14,305,749 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant were outstanding on November 6, 2017.

UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
INDEX

| Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Consolidated Income Statements | 4
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements | 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 34
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 35
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 36
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 36
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 36
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 36
Item 6. Exhibits | 37
Signatures | 38
Exhibit Index | 39

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share-related data)
(Unaudited)

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 48,560 |  |  | $ | 50,611 |
Restricted cash | 4,799 |  |  | 4,623 |
Accounts receivable, net | 153,355 |  |  | 124,592 |
Inventories, net | 154,520 |  |  | 129,879 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 9,988 |  |  | 7,439 |
Assets held for sale | 12,403 |  |  | — |
Income tax receivable | 3,262 |  |  | 1,054 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 5,960 |
Total current assets | 386,887 |  |  | 324,158 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 109,149 |  |  | 105,351 |
Goodwill | 48,624 |  |  | 43,052 |
Intangible assets, net | 30,159 |  |  | 28,549 |
Deferred income taxes | 18,349 |  |  | 10,430 |
Long-term restricted cash | — |  |  | 4,600 |
Other assets | 4,040 |  |  | 4,896 |
Total assets | $ | 597,208 |  |  | $ | 521,036 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 106,872 |  |  | $ | 97,157 |
Line of credit | 114,000 |  |  | 49,987 |
Accrued compensation | 33,328 |  |  | 35,580 |
Accrued sales discounts, rebates and royalties | 7,790 |  |  | 8,358 |
Accrued income taxes | 994 |  |  | 375 |
Other accrued expenses | 25,840 |  |  | 24,410 |
Total current liabilities | 288,824 |  |  | 215,867 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Long-term contingent consideration | 14,000 |  |  | 10,500 |
Deferred income taxes | 6,376 |  |  | 7,060 |
Income tax payable | 791 |  |  | 791 |
Other long-term liabilities | 1,598 |  |  | 6,308 |
Total liabilities | 311,589 |  |  | 240,526 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 23,687,651 and 23,575,340 shares issued on September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 237 |  |  | 236 |
Paid-in capital | 262,776 |  |  | 250,481 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 9,352,551 and 9,022,587 shares on September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | (243,197 | ) |  | (222,980 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (17,831 | ) |  | (22,821 | )
Retained earnings | 283,634 |  |  | 275,594 |
Total stockholders' equity | 285,619 |  |  | 280,510 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 597,208 |  |  | $ | 521,036 |

See Note 4 for further information concerning our purchases from related party vendors.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 175,652 |  |  | $ | 169,185 |  |  | $ | 514,638 |  |  | $ | 490,829 |
Cost of sales | 132,582 |  |  | 127,400 |  |  | 386,783 |  |  | 367,941 |
Gross profit | 43,070 |  |  | 41,785 |  |  | 127,855 |  |  | 122,888 |
Research and development expenses | 5,415 |  |  | 4,955 |  |  | 15,859 |  |  | 15,292 |
Factory transition restructuring charges | 446 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 6,145 |  |  | 1,598 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 32,997 |  |  | 28,628 |  |  | 94,701 |  |  | 86,867 |
Operating income | 4,212 |  |  | 8,121 |  |  | 11,150 |  |  | 19,131 |
Interest income (expense), net | (721 | ) |  | (228 | ) |  | (1,676 | ) |  | (753 | )
Other income (expense), net | 61 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,726 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 3,552 |  |  | 8,228 |  |  | 9,476 |  |  | 20,104 |
Provision for income taxes | 1,824 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 2,945 |  |  | 2,956 |
Net income | 1,728 |  |  | 7,807 |  |  | 6,531 |  |  | 17,148 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 7,807 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 17,118 |
Earnings per share attributable to Universal Electronics Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
Diluted | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 14,381 |  |  | 14,510 |  |  | 14,412 |  |  | 14,441 |
Diluted | 14,666 |  |  | 14,848 |  |  | 14,689 |  |  | 14,740 |

See Note 4 for further information concerning our purchases from related party vendors.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 7,807 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 17,148 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment | 2,999 |  |  | (540 | ) |  | 4,990 |  |  | (1,858 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) | 4,727 |  |  | 7,267 |  |  | 11,521 |  |  | 15,290 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 4,727 |  |  | $ | 7,267 |  |  | $ | 11,521 |  |  | $ | 15,260 |

See Note 4 for further information concerning our purchases from related party vendors.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 17,148 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 23,202 |  |  | 18,994 |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 167 |  |  | 123 |
Provision for inventory write-downs | 2,189 |  |  | 2,398 |
Deferred income taxes | (953 | ) |  | 1,413 |
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options and vested restricted stock | — |  |  | 2,230 |
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation | — |  |  | (2,292 | )
Shares issued for employee benefit plan | 591 |  |  | 763 |
Employee and director stock-based compensation | 9,476 |  |  | 7,638 |
Performance-based common stock warrants | 1,122 |  |  | 3,219 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Restricted cash | 4,623 |  |  | — |
Accounts receivable | (24,440 | ) |  | (11,359 | )
Inventories | (21,217 | ) |  | (4,470 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (2,422 | ) |  | (86 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 1,488 |  |  | 7,699 |
Accrued income taxes | (1,517 | ) |  | (4,737 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | (1,160 | ) |  | 38,681 |
Cash used for investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisition of property, plant, and equipment | (29,922 | ) |  | (28,914 | )
Acquisition of net assets of Residential Control Systems, Inc. | (8,894 | ) |  | — |
Acquisition of intangible assets | (1,275 | ) |  | (1,373 | )
Increase in restricted cash | — |  |  | (4,797 | )
Deposit received toward sale of Guangzhou factory | — |  |  | 4,797 |
Deconsolidation of Encore Controls LLC | — |  |  | 48 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (40,091 | ) |  | (30,239 | )
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings under line of credit | 115,000 |  |  | 92,987 |
Repayments on line of credit | (50,987 | ) |  | (107,987 | )
Proceeds from stock options exercised | 1,107 |  |  | 4,813 |
Treasury stock purchased | (20,217 | ) |  | (2,188 | )
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 2,292 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 44,903 |  |  | (10,083 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (5,703 | ) |  | (3,184 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (2,051 | ) |  | (4,825 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 50,611 |  |  | 52,966 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 48,560 |  |  | $ | 48,141 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 5,770 |  |  | $ | 6,034 |
Interest paid | $ | 1,697 |  |  | $ | 926 |

See Note 4 for further information concerning our purchases from related party vendors.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries contain all the adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. As used herein, the terms "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates to the contrary.
Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and the "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in Items 1A, 7, 7A, and 8, respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Estimates, Judgments and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for sales returns and doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, our review for impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill, business combinations, income taxes, stock-based compensation expense and performance-based common stock warrants. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be material.
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for a summary of our significant accounting policies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which will supersede most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance. This new standard requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 contains expanded disclosure requirements relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. As initially proposed, ASU 2014-09 would have been effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. In August 2015, the FASB postponed the effective date of this new revenue standard by one year. We have largely completed our review of customer contract terms and our assessment of the impact of adopting this standard on our revenue recognition policy, and are currently in the process of modifying certain revenue recognition processes and controls to comply with ASU 2014-09, including the new disclosure requirements. The impact of this new guidance is primarily expected to accelerate revenue recognition for those contractual arrangements under which we manufacture and sell customized products that have no alternative use, as defined under ASU 2014-09 and related guidance and interpretations. In particular, to the extent that we have the right to payment such as a firm order or other contractual commitment from the customer, revenue associated with customized products will be recognized as those products are manufactured rather than when title for those products transfers to the customer. We also expect revenue recognition to be accelerated for licensing arrangements that contain minimum guarantees. We expect to implement ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. Thus prior periods will not be restated. The impact of the transition to this new accounting method, which will include a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the adoption date, could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory," which states that inventory should be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. ASU 2015-11 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and must be applied prospectively. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes." This new guidance requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. We prospectively adopted ASU 2015-17 effective January 1, 2017, and thus prior period balance sheets have not been adjusted. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 had no impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," which changes the accounting for leases and requires expanded disclosures about leasing activities. This new guidance will require lessees to recognize a right of use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. Accounting by lessors is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09,"Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which amends Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation." ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded as a discrete adjustment to income tax expense when stock awards vest or are settled, rather than in paid-in capital when they impact income taxes payable. This new guidance also requires cash flows related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation to be presented with other income tax cash flows in operating activities, rather than separately as a financing activity, in the statement of cash flows. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 impacts the calculation of diluted weighted-average shares under the treasury stock method as the assumed proceeds from an employee vesting in or exercising a stock-based award are no longer increased or decreased by the amount of excess tax benefits or deficiencies taken to paid-in capital. We elected to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-09 prospectively effective January 1, 2017. We also made the accounting policy election, as allowed by ASU 2016-09, to account for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur, rather than estimating forfeitures. The cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-09 was an increase of $1.5 million to deferred tax assets and an increase to retained earnings of $1.5 million, as of January 1, 2017, as a result of recognizing previously unrecognized excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. There was no cumulative effect impact related to the change in accounting policy to account for forfeitures of stock-based awards when they occur as a result of our minimal historical forfeitures experience.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments," which amends ASC 230, "Statement of Cash Flows". This new guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and must be adopted retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted as long as all amendments are adopted in the same period. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-15 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory," which changes the accounting for income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current guidance prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. Under this new guidance, the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory will be recognized when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 could be material depending on the size of any intra-entity transfers we may implement in future periods.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18,"Restricted Cash," which amends ASC 230, "Statement of Cash Flows." This new guidance addresses the classifications and presentation of changes in restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and must be adopted retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 will modify our current disclosures by reclassifying certain amounts within the consolidated statement of cash flows, but is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." This guidance simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 31, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 2 — Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents were held in the following geographic regions:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
United States | $ | 4,795 |  |  | $ | 3,277 |
People's Republic of China ("PRC") | 22,120 |  |  | 22,142 |
Asia (excluding the PRC) | 846 |  |  | 5,260 |
Europe | 13,317 |  |  | 19,630 |
South America | 7,482 |  |  | 302 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 48,560 |  |  | $ | 50,611 |

Restricted Cash
In connection with a court order issued in a now settled litigation matter, we previously placed $4.6 million of cash into a collateralized surety bond. This bond had certain restrictions for liquidation and was therefore classified as restricted cash. On February 10, 2017, the $4.6 million surety bond was returned to us upon final settlement of the related litigation matter.
In connection with the pending sale of our Guangzhou factory in the PRC (Note 10), the buyer made a cash deposit of RMB 32 million ($4.8 million based on September 30, 2017 exchange rates) into an escrow account on September 29, 2016. Under the terms of the escrow account, these funds will not be paid to us until the close of the sale. Accordingly, this deposit is presented as restricted cash within our consolidated balance sheet.
Note 3 — Accounts Receivable, Net and Revenue Concentrations
Accounts receivable, net were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Trade receivables, gross | $ | 147,194 |  |  | $ | 120,965 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (1,052 | ) |  | (904 | )
Allowance for sales returns | (459 | ) |  | (539 | )
Net trade receivables | 145,683 |  |  | 119,522 |
Other | 7,672 |  |  | 5,070 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 153,355 |  |  | $ | 124,592 |

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 |  | 2016
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 904 |  |  | $ | 822 |
Additions (reductions) to costs and expenses | 167 |  |  | 123 |
(Write-offs)/Foreign exchange effects | (19 | ) |  | 15 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,052 |  |  | $ | 960 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Sales Returns
The allowance for sales returns at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included reserves for items returned prior to period-end that were not completely processed, and therefore had not yet been removed from the allowance for sales returns balance. If these returns had been fully processed, the allowance for sales returns balance would have been approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million on September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The value of these returned goods was included in our inventory balance at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Significant Customers
Net sales to the following customers totaled more than 10% of our net sales:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales
Comcast Corporation | $ | 36,811 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 35,554 |  |  | 21.0 | %
AT&T | 20,117 |  |  | 11.5 |  |  | 21,139 |  |  | 12.5 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales
Comcast Corporation | $ | 122,009 |  |  | 23.7 | % |  | $ | 111,529 |  |  | 22.7 | %
AT&T | 61,057 |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 60,709 |  |  | 12.4 |

Trade receivables associated with these significant customers that totaled more than 10% of our accounts receivable, net were as follows:

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Receivable, Net |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Receivable, Net
Comcast Corporation | $ | 26,553 |  |  | 17.3 | % |  | $ | 23,716 |  |  | 19.0 | %
AT&T (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,108 |  |  | 11.3 |

(1) | Trade receivables associated with this customer did not total more than 10% of our accounts receivable, net at September 30, 2017.

Note 4 — Inventories, Net and Significant Supplier
Inventories, net were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |
Raw materials | $ | 36,803 |  |  | $ | 33,059 |
Components | 18,556 |  |  | 15,046 |
Work in process | 6,596 |  |  | 5,860 |
Finished goods | 95,690 |  |  | 80,119 |
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory | (3,125 | ) |  | (4,205 | )
Inventories, net | $ | 154,520 |  |  | $ | 129,879 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Reserve for Excess and Obsolete Inventory
Changes in the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 |  | 2016
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,205 |  |  | $ | 3,045 |
Additions charged to costs and expenses (1) | 1,960 |  |  | 2,120 |
Sell through (2) | (950 | ) |  | (781 | )
(Write-offs)/Foreign exchange effects | (2,090 | ) |  | (726 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 3,125 |  |  | $ | 3,658 |

(1) | The additions charged to costs and expenses do not include inventory directly written-off that was scrapped during production totaling $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts are production waste and are not included in management's reserve for excess and obsolete inventory.

(2) | These amounts represent the reduction in reserves associated with inventory items that were sold during the period.

Significant Supplier
We purchase integrated circuits, components and finished goods from multiple sources. Purchases from the following supplier totaled more than 10% of our total inventory purchases:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases
Texas Instruments | $ | 13,115 |  |  | 12.4 | % |  | $ | 12,353 |  |  | 13.0 | %

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases
Texas Instruments | $ | 33,693 |  |  | 11.3 | % |  | $ | 32,294 |  |  | 11.9 | %

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Related Party Supplier
We purchase certain printed circuit board assemblies from a related party supplier. The supplier is considered a related party for financial reporting purposes because our Senior Vice President of Strategic Operations owns 40% of this vendor. Inventory purchases from this supplier were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases
Related party supplier | $ | 1,378 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | $ | 1,382 |  |  | 1.5 | %

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases
Related party supplier | $ | 3,962 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | $ | 4,971 |  |  | 1.8 | %

Total accounts payable to this supplier were as follows:

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Payable |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Payable
Related party supplier | $ | 1,763 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | 1.7 | %

Our payment terms and pricing with this supplier are consistent with the terms offered by other suppliers in the ordinary course of business. The accounting policies that we apply to our transactions with our related party supplier are consistent with those applied in transactions with independent third parties. Corporate management routinely monitors purchases from our related party supplier to ensure these purchases remain consistent with our business objectives.
Note 5 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

(In thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 43,052 |
Goodwill acquired during the period (1) | 5,494 |
Foreign exchange effects | 78 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 48,624 |

(1) During the second quarter of 2017, we recorded $5.5 million of goodwill related to the Residential Control Systems, Inc. acquisition. Refer to Note 18 for further information about this acquisition.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Intangible Assets, Net
The components of intangible assets, net were as follows:

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(In thousands) | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net |  | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net
Distribution rights | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 183 |
Patents | 12,593 |  |  | (4,996 | ) |  | 7,597 |  |  | 12,038 |  |  | (4,775 | ) |  | 7,263 |
Trademarks and trade names (2) | 2,786 |  |  | (1,518 | ) |  | 1,268 |  |  | 2,400 |  |  | (1,310 | ) |  | 1,090 |
Developed and core technology | 12,560 |  |  | (5,567 | ) |  | 6,993 |  |  | 12,585 |  |  | (4,068 | ) |  | 8,517 |
Capitalized software development costs | 142 |  |  | (59 | ) |  | 83 |  |  | 142 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 137 |
Customer relationships (2) | 32,534 |  |  | (18,613 | ) |  | 13,921 |  |  | 27,703 |  |  | (16,344 | ) |  | 11,359 |
Order backlog (2) | 150 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 112 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 61,105 |  |  | $ | (30,946 | ) |  | $ | 30,159 |  |  | $ | 55,170 |  |  | $ | (26,621 | ) |  | $ | 28,549 |

(1) | This table excludes the gross value of fully amortized intangible assets totaling $6.0 million and $10.2 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

(2) | During the second quarter of 2017, we purchased a trade name valued at $0.4 million, which is being amortized ratably over eight years; customer relationships valued at $5.0 million, which are being amortized ratably over 10 years; and order backlog valued at $0.2 million, which is being amortized ratably over one year. Refer to Note 18 for further information regarding the purchase of these intangible assets.

Amortization expense is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, except amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs and order backlog, which are recorded in cost of sales. Amortization expense by income statement caption was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cost of sales | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,715 |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | 5,032 |  |  | 4,618 |
Total amortization expense | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |  |  | $ | 4,681 |

Estimated future annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets at September 30, 2017, is as follows:

(In thousands) |
2017 (remaining 3 months) | $ | 1,776 |
2018 | 7,046 |
2019 | 6,901 |
2020 | 5,740 |
2021 | 2,289 |
Thereafter | 6,407 |
Total | $ | 30,159 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 6 — Line of Credit
Our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank") provided for a $125.0 million revolving line of credit ("Credit Line") that was to expire on November 1, 2019. On October 27, 2017, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole book runner, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which replaces the Amended Credit Agreement. Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, the Credit Line was increased to $170.0 million and the expiration date remained November 1, 2019. The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit. There were no outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2017.
All obligations under the Credit Line are secured by substantially all of our U.S. personal property and tangible and intangible assets as well as 65% of our ownership interest in Enson Assets Limited, our wholly-owned subsidiary that controls our manufacturing factories in the PRC.
The interest rate applicable to outstanding Credit Line balances under the Second Amended Credit Agreement is the same as under the Amended Credit Agreement. We may elect to pay interest on the Credit Line based on LIBOR plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.25% to 1.75%) or base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank or as otherwise specified in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.00% to 0.50%). The applicable margins are calculated quarterly and vary based on our cash flow leverage ratio as set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement. The interest rate in effect at September 30, 2017 was 2.48%. There are no commitment fees or unused line fees under the Amended Credit Agreement or the Second Amended Credit Agreement.
The Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement include financial covenants requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum cash flow leverage ratio. In addition, the Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement also contain other customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the Amended Credit Agreement.
At September 30, 2017, we had $114.0 million outstanding under the Credit Line. Our total interest expense on borrowings was $0.8 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.8 million and $0.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Note 7 — Income Taxes
We utilize our estimated annual effective tax rate to determine our provision for income taxes for interim periods. The income tax provision is computed by taking the estimated annual effective tax rate and multiplying it by the year-to-date pre-tax book income.
We recorded income tax expense of $1.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and our effective tax rate was 51.4% and 5.1% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We recorded income tax expense of $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and our effective tax rate was 31.1% and 14.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The higher effective tax rate in both periods was primarily due to the nondeductibility of certain transactions in the PRC as a result of the pending sale of our Guangzhou factory (Note 10). In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we received tax refunds from the Chinese government totaling $1.8 million for various tax incentives relating to fiscal year 2015.
At September 30, 2017, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $3.8 million, including interest and penalties, of which $3.5 million, if not for the state Research and Experimentation income tax credit valuation allowance, would affect the annual effective tax rate if these tax benefits are realized. Further, we are unaware of any positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months. However, based on federal, state and foreign statute expirations in various jurisdictions, we anticipate a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.1 million within the next twelve months. We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year.
We have elected to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties of $0.3 million and $0.3 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are included in our unrecognized tax benefits.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 8 — Accrued Compensation
The components of accrued compensation were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Accrued social insurance (1) | $ | 17,506 |  |  | $ | 19,974 |
Accrued salary/wages | 7,721 |  |  | 7,903 |
Accrued vacation/holiday | 2,844 |  |  | 2,411 |
Accrued bonus (2) | 1,985 |  |  | 2,421 |
Accrued commission | 851 |  |  | 933 |
Accrued medical insurance claims | 284 |  |  | 122 |
Other accrued compensation | 2,137 |  |  | 1,816 |
Total accrued compensation | $ | 33,328 |  |  | $ | 35,580 |

(1) | Effective January 1, 2008, the Chinese Labor Contract Law was enacted in the PRC. This law mandated that PRC employers remit the applicable social insurance payments to their local government. Social insurance is comprised of various components such as pension, medical insurance, job injury insurance, unemployment insurance, and a housing assistance fund, and is administered in a manner similar to social security in the United States. This amount represents our estimate of the amounts due to the PRC government for social insurance on September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

(2) | Accrued bonus includes an accrual for an extra month of salary ("13 th month salary") to be paid to employees in certain geographies where it is the customary business practice. This 13 th month salary is paid to these employees if they remain employed with us through December 31st. The total accrued for the 13 th month salary was $0.7 million and $0.7 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 9 — Other Accrued Expenses
The components of other accrued expenses were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Advertising and marketing | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 213 |
Deferred revenue | 79 |  |  | 1,431 |
Deposit for sale of Guangzhou factory | 4,799 |  |  | — |
Duties | 757 |  |  | 1,127 |
Freight and handling fees | 2,176 |  |  | 1,919 |
Product development | 485 |  |  | 454 |
Product warranty claim costs | 218 |  |  | 134 |
Professional fees | 1,691 |  |  | 1,313 |
Property, plant, and equipment | 1,564 |  |  | 1,017 |
Sales taxes and VAT | 2,587 |  |  | 2,715 |
Short-term contingent consideration | 3,400 |  |  | — |
Third-party commissions | 685 |  |  | 853 |
Tooling (1) | 1,769 |  |  | 1,520 |
Unrealized loss on foreign currency exchange contracts | 86 |  |  | 1,623 |
URC court order and settlement agreement (Note 2) | — |  |  | 6,622 |
Utilities | 392 |  |  | 331 |
Other | 4,880 |  |  | 3,138 |
Total other accrued expenses | $ | 25,840 |  |  | $ | 24,410 |

(1) | The tooling accrual balance relates to unearned revenue for tooling that will be sold to customers.

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies
Product Warranties
Changes in the liability for product warranty claim costs were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 |  | 2016
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 35 |
Accruals for warranties issued during the period | 169 |  |  | 100 |
Settlements (in cash or in kind) during the period | (85 | ) |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 135 |

Restructuring Activities and Sale of Guangzhou Factory
In the first quarter of 2016, we implemented a plan to reduce the impact of rising labor rates in China by transitioning manufacturing activities from our southern-most China factory, located in the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong province, to our other China factories where labor rates are rising at a slower rate. As a result, we incurred severance costs of $0.4 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended September 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $6.1 million and $1.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which are included within operating expenses. All operations in our Guangzhou factory ceased in July 2017. Accordingly, we do not expect to incur significant further severance or other restructuring costs related to this factory transition. At September 30, 2017, we had $0.2 million of unpaid severance costs included within accrued compensation.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
On September 26, 2016, we entered into an agreement to sell our Guangzhou manufacturing facility for RMB 320 million (approximately $48.0 million based on September 30, 2017 exchange rates). Under the terms of this agreement, we have up to 24 months to cease all operations within the facility. The closing of the sale will be subject to customary due diligence and local regulatory approval and per the terms of the agreement could take up to approximately 28 months from the execution of the agreement. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, the buyer deposited 10% of the purchase price into an escrow account at agreement inception, which we have presented as restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheet (also refer to Note 2). The remaining balance of the purchase price is to be placed into the escrow account prior to the closing of the sale and will be released to us upon closing. Since all operations at our Guangzhou manufacturing facility ceased as of the end of July 2017, the related building and land lease assets of $12.4 million are classified as assets held for sale in our September 30, 2017 consolidated balance sheet.
Litigation
On or about June 10, 2015, FM Marketing GmbH ("FMH") and Ruwido Austria GmbH ("Ruwido"), filed a Summons in Summary Proceedings in Belgium court against one of our subsidiaries, Universal Electronics BV ("UEBV") and one of its customers, Telenet N.V. ("Telenet"), claiming that one of the products that UEBV previously supplied to Telenet violates two design patents and one utility patent owned by FMH and/or Ruwido. By this summons, FMH and Ruwido sought to enjoin Telenet and UEBV from continued distribution and use of the product at issue. After the September 29, 2015 hearing, the court issued its ruling in our and Telenet’s favor, rejecting FMH and Ruwido’s request entirely. On October 22, 2015, Ruwido filed its notice of appeal in this ruling. The parties have fully briefed and argued before the appellate court and we are awaiting the appellate court’s ruling. In addition, on or about February 9, 2016, Ruwido filed a writ of summons for proceeding on the merits with respect to asserted patents. UEBV and Telenet have replied, denying all of Ruwido's allegations and in June 2017, a hearing was held before the trial court. During this hearing, Ruwido sought to have a second product which we are currently selling to Telenet included in this case. In September 2017, the Court ruled in our favor that our current product cannot be made part of this case. The Court also refused to rule on whether the original product (which we are no longer selling) infringes the Ruwido patent, instead deciding to wait until the European Patent Office has ruled on our Opposition (see below). Finally, the Court ruled that our original product (which we are no longer selling) infringes certain of Ruwido’s design rights, but stay any decision of compensation and/or damages until all aspects of the case have been decided. We are presently deciding whether to appeal this Court’s rulings and have until later this year to file notice of appeal. Finally, in September 2015, UEBV filed an Opposition with the European Patent Office seeking to invalidate the one utility patent asserted against UEBV and Telenet by Ruwido. The hearing on this opposition was held in July 2017. During this hearing the panel requested additional information. We are in the process of assembling this additional information and scheduling a date for rehearing. On September 5, 2017, Ruwido and FMH filed a patent infringement case on the merits against UEBV and Telenet alleging the same claims of infringement as in the Belgium Courts (see above). This matter is in its early stages and as such we have not yet answered. But, as in the Belgium case, UEBV and Telenet will deny all claims of infringement and vigorously defend against these claims.
On January 26, 2017, OpenTV, Inc., Nagra USA, Inc., Nagravision SA, and Kudelski SA (collectively, the “Kudelski Group”) filed a request with the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) to institute an investigation pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, concerning certain remote control devices we supply Comcast Corporation (“Comcast”), which request was accepted by the ITC. On July 21, 2017, the Kudelski Group filed a motion to terminate the investigation as to all parties, including us and this motion was accepted by the ITC on August 11, 2017.
On March 15, 2017, one of our employee’s filed a lawsuit against us and certain of our employees in the Superior Court of California, County of Orange, claiming hostile work environment based on sexual orientation, intentional infliction of emotional distress, failure to prevent hostile work environment, retaliation, and constructive termination. We have answered by denying all of the employee’s claims and have filed a countersuit against this employee claiming, among other things that he has breached his duty of loyalty to us, that he stole certain of our property, that he converted certain of our property to his own benefit. We are still in the early stages of this case as discovery has recently commenced.
There are no other material pending legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or of which our respective property is the subject. However, as is typical in our industry and to the nature and kind of business in which we are engaged, from time to time, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced by third parties against us or by us against third parties arising from or related to product liability, infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights, breach of warranty, contractual relations, or employee relations. The amounts claimed may be substantial but may not bear any reasonable relationship to the merits of the claims or the extent of any real risk of court awards assessed against us or in our favor. However, no assurances can be made as to the outcome of any of these matters, nor can we estimate the range of potential losses to us. In our opinion, final
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
judgments, if any, which might be rendered against us in potential or pending litigation would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Moreover, we believe that our products do not infringe any third parties' patents or other intellectual property rights.
We maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance which insures our individual directors and officers against certain claims, as well as attorney's fees and related expenses incurred in connection with the defense of such claims.
Note 11 — Treasury Stock
From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes management to repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock on the open market. Repurchases may be made whenever we deem a repurchase to be a good use of our cash and the repurchase enhances shareholder value. As of September 30, 2017, we had 114,271 shares available for repurchase on the open market under the Board's authorizations. On October 23, 2017, our Board increased these repurchase authorizations by 300,000 shares bringing the total authorization as of the approval date to 386,434 shares. Shares may also be tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock.
Repurchased shares of our common stock were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Shares repurchased | 330 |  |  | 40 |
Cost of shares repurchased | $ | 20,217 |  |  | $ | 2,188 |

Repurchased shares are recorded as shares held in treasury at cost. We hold these shares for future use as management and the Board of Directors deem appropriate, which has included compensating our outside directors.
Note 12 — Business Segment and Foreign Operations
Reportable Segment
An operating segment, in part, is a component of an enterprise whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. Operating segments may be aggregated only to a limited extent. Our chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, we only have a single operating and reportable segment.
Foreign Operations
Our net sales to external customers by geographic area were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
United States | $ | 85,762 |  |  | $ | 88,243 |  |  | $ | 253,259 |  |  | $ | 263,053 |
Asia (excluding PRC) | 26,113 |  |  | 22,099 |  |  | 77,679 |  |  | 64,290 |
People's Republic of China | 23,437 |  |  | 19,899 |  |  | 61,015 |  |  | 59,978 |
Europe | 18,877 |  |  | 19,389 |  |  | 56,041 |  |  | 53,716 |
Latin America | 13,567 |  |  | 13,032 |  |  | 44,593 |  |  | 32,273 |
Other | 7,896 |  |  | 6,523 |  |  | 22,051 |  |  | 17,519 |
Total net sales | $ | 175,652 |  |  | $ | 169,185 |  |  | $ | 514,638 |  |  | $ | 490,829 |

Specific identification of the customer billing location was the basis used for attributing revenues from external customers to geographic areas.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Long-lived tangible assets by geographic area were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
United States | $ | 14,233 |  |  | $ | 11,948 |
People's Republic of China | 95,165 |  |  | 94,113 |
All other countries | 3,791 |  |  | 4,186 |
Total long-lived tangible assets | $ | 113,189 |  |  | $ | 110,247 |

Note 13 — Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for each employee and director is presented in the same income statement caption as their cash compensation. Stock-based compensation expense by income statement caption and the related income tax benefit were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cost of sales | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Research and development expenses | 149 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 409 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employees | 1,843 |  |  | 1,748 |  |  | 5,562 |  |  | 5,324 |
Outside directors | 1,910 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 3,449 |  |  | 1,862 |
Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense | $ | 3,921 |  |  | $ | 2,668 |  |  | $ | 9,476 |  |  | $ | 7,638 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 812 |  |  | 2,307 |  |  | 2,281 |

Stock Options
Stock option activity was as follows:

| Number of Options (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000's)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 652 |  |  | $ | 39.27 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 92 |  |  | 62.70 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (45 | ) |  | 24.87 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,893 |
Forfeited/canceled/expired | (168 | ) |  | 46.44 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2017 (1) | 531 |  |  | $ | 42.26 |  |  | 4.49 |  | $ | 11,391 |
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2017 (1) | 531 |  |  | $ | 42.26 |  |  | 4.49 |  | $ | 11,390 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2017 (1) | 378 |  |  | $ | 35.35 |  |  | 3.94 |  | $ | 10,731 |

(1) | The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of the third quarter of 2017 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they all exercised their options on September 30, 2017. This amount will change based on the fair market value of our stock.

On September 11, 2017, the independent members of our Board of Directors voluntarily surrendered 150,000 stock options originally granted to them in February 2016, resulting in the acceleration and recording of $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. This amount represented all remaining unamortized compensation expense associated with the surrendered stock options as of the surrender date.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
The assumptions we utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted average fair value of stock option grants were the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Weighted average fair value of grants | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19.61 |  |  | $ | 17.96 |
Risk-free interest rate | — | % |  | — | % |  | 1.75 | % |  | 1.36 | %
Expected volatility | — | % |  | — | % |  | 34.25 | % |  | 41.38 | %
Expected life in years | 0.00 |  |  | 0.00 |  |  | 4.52 |  |  | 4.55 |

As of September 30, 2017, we expect to recognize $2.4 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options over a remaining weighted-average life of 1.8 years.
Restricted Stock
Non-vested restricted stock award activity was as follows:

| Shares (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 | 153 |  |  | $ | 57.43 |
Granted | 132 |  |  | 64.14 |
Vested | (59 | ) |  | 61.28 |
Forfeited | (4 | ) |  | 60.71 |
Non-vested at September 30, 2017 | 222 |  |  | $ | 60.34 |

As of September 30, 2017, we expect to recognize $9.8 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards over a weighted-average life of 1.7 years.
Note 14 — Performance-Based Common Stock Warrants
On March 9, 2016, we issued common stock purchase warrants to Comcast to purchase up to 725,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $54.55 per share. The right to exercise the warrants is subject to vesting over three successive two-year periods (with the first two-year period commencing on January 1, 2016) based on the level of purchases of goods and services from us by Comcast and its affiliates, as defined in the warrants. The table below presents the purchase levels and number of warrants that will vest in each period based upon achieving these purchase levels.

| Incremental Warrants That Will Vest
Aggregate Level of Purchases by Comcast and Affiliates | January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2017 |  | January 1, 2018 - December 31, 2019 |  | January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2021
$260 million | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
$300 million | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
$340 million | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
Maximum Potential Warrants Earned by Comcast | 250,000 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 225,000 |

If total aggregate purchases by Comcast and its affiliates are below $260 million in any of the two-year periods above, no warrants will vest related to that two-year period. If total aggregate purchases of goods and services by Comcast and its affiliates exceed $340 million during either the first or second two-year period, the amount of any such excess will count toward aggregate purchases in the following two-year period. To fully vest in the rights to purchase all of the underlying shares, Comcast and its affiliates must purchase an aggregate of $1.02 billion in goods and services from us during the six-year vesting period.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Any and all warrants that vest will expire on January 1, 2023. The warrants provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions. Additionally, in connection with the warrants, we have also entered into a registration rights agreement with Comcast under which Comcast may from time to time request that we register the shares of common stock underlying vested warrants with the SEC.
Because the warrants contain performance criteria under which Comcast must achieve specified aggregate purchase levels for the warrants to vest, as detailed above, the measurement date for the warrants is the date on which the warrants vest. Through September 30, 2017, 100,000 of the warrants had vested.
The fair value of the warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions we utilized and the resulting fair value of the warrants were the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Fair value | $ | 24.17 |  |  | $ | 38.32 |  |  | $ | 24.17 |  |  | $ | 38.32 |
Price of Universal Electronics Inc. common stock | $ | 62.10 |  |  | $ | 74.99 |  |  | $ | 62.10 |  |  | $ | 74.99 |
Risk-free interest rate | 1.93 | % |  | 1.32 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 1.32 | %
Expected volatility | 34.41 | % |  | 40.54 | % |  | 34.41 | % |  | 40.54 | %
Expected life in years | 5.26 |  |  | 6.25 |  |  | 5.26 |  |  | 6.25 |

The impact to net sales recorded in connection with the warrants and the related income tax benefit were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Reduction/(increase) to net sales | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | 1,122 |  |  | $ | 3,219 |
Income tax (benefit)/expense | 53 |  |  | (426 | ) |  | (418 | ) |  | (1,182 | )

At September 30, 2017, we estimated the number of warrants that will vest based on the combination of purchases already made and projected future purchases that will be made by Comcast and its affiliates. These estimates may increase or decrease based on actual future purchases. The aggregate unrecognized estimated fair value of unvested warrants at September 30, 2017 was $14.2 million.
Note 15 — Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange contracts (1) | $ | (1,488 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (2,852 | ) |  | $ | (894 | )
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions | 1,176 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 2,512 |  |  | 2,455 |
Other income (expense) | 373 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 165 |
Other income (expense), net | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,726 |

(1) | This represents the gains (losses) incurred on foreign currency hedging derivatives (see Note 17 for further details).

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Note 16 — Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share was calculated as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
BASIC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 7,807 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 17,118 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 14,381 |  |  | 14,510 |  |  | 14,412 |  |  | 14,441 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
DILUTED |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 7,807 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 17,118 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic | 14,381 |  |  | 14,510 |  |  | 14,412 |  |  | 14,441 |
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock and common stock warrants | 285 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 299 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding on a diluted basis | 14,666 |  |  | 14,848 |  |  | 14,689 |  |  | 14,740 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |

The number of stock options and shares of restricted stock excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock options | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |  |  | 111 |
Restricted stock awards | 30 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 8 |

Note 17 — Derivatives
The following table sets forth the total net fair value of derivatives:

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (385 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (385 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,584 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,584 | )

We held foreign currency exchange contracts, which resulted in a net pre-tax loss of $1.5 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we had a net pre-tax loss of $2.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively (see Note 15).
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
Details of foreign currency exchange contracts held were as follows:

Date Held |  | Type |  | Position Held |  | Notional Value (in millions) |  | Forward Rate |  | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Recorded at Balance Sheet Date (in thousands)(1) |  | Settlement Date
September 30, 2017 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 17.0 |  |  | 1.2039 |  |  | $ | 299 |  |  | October 27, 2017
September 30, 2017 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | USD |  | $ | 22.0 |  |  | 6.6174 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | October 20, 2017
September 30, 2017 |  | USD/Brazilian Real |  | USD |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | 3.2330 |  |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | October 20, 2017
September 30, 2017 |  | USD/Brazilian Real |  | BRL |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | 3.3660 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | October 20, 2017
December 31, 2016 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 18.0 |  |  | 1.0513 |  |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | January 27, 2017
December 31, 2016 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | $ | 25.0 |  |  | 6.7230 |  |  | $ | (974 | ) |  | January 13, 2017
December 31, 2016 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | 6.6757 |  |  | $ | (457 | ) |  | January 13, 2017
December 31, 2016 |  | USD/Brazilian Real |  | USD |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | 3.4775 |  |  | $ | (131 | ) |  | January 13, 2017
December 31, 2016 |  | USD/Brazilian Real |  | USD |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | 3.2316 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | January 13, 2017

(1) | Unrealized gains on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Unrealized losses on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in other accrued expenses.

Note 18 — Business Combination
On April 6, 2017, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of Residential Control Systems, Inc. ("RCS"), a U.S.-based designer and manufacturer of energy management and control products for the residential, small commercial and hospitality markets. The purchase price of $12.6 million was comprised of $8.9 million in cash and $3.7 million of contingent consideration. Additionally, we incurred $0.1 million in acquisition costs, consisting primarily of accounting related expenses, which are included within selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The acquisition of these assets will allow us to expand our product offering of home sensing, monitoring and control solutions to include smart thermostat, sensing and monitoring products sold and marketed by RCS.
Our consolidated income statement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes net sales of $0.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively, and net losses of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, attributable to RCS for the period commencing on April 6, 2017.
Contingent Consideration
We are required to make additional earnout payments of up to $10.0 million upon the achievement of certain operating income levels attributable to RCS over the period commencing on the acquisition date through June 30, 2022. The amount of contingent consideration is calculated at the end of each calendar year and is based on the agreed upon percentage of operating income as defined in the RCS Asset Purchase Agreement ("APA"). Operating income will be calculated using certain revenues, costs and expenses directly attributable to RCS as specified in the APA. At the acquisition date, the value of earnout contingent consideration was estimated using a valuation methodology based on projections of future operating income calculated in accordance with the APA. Such projections were then discounted using an average discount rate of 24.8% to reflect the risk in achieving the projected operating income levels as well as the time value of money. The fair value measurement of the earnout contingent consideration was based primarily on significant inputs not observable in an active market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)
under U.S. GAAP. The fair value of earnout consideration is presented as long-term contingent consideration in our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2017.
Purchase Price Allocation
Using the acquisition method of accounting, the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred was allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Management's purchase price allocation was the following:

(in thousands) | Estimated Lives |  | Preliminary Fair Value
Accounts receivable |  |  | $ | 429 |
Inventories |  |  | 1,508 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 7 |
Property, plant and equipment | 1-4 years |  | 14 |
Current liabilities |  |  | (408 | )
Net tangible assets acquired |  |  | 1,550 |
Trade name | 8 years |  | 400 |
Customer relationships | 10 years |  | 5,000 |
Order backlog | 1 year |  | 150 |
Goodwill |  |  | 5,494 |
Total purchase price |  |  | 12,594 |
Less: Contingent consideration |  |  | (3,700 | )
Cash paid |  |  | $ | 8,894 |

Management's determination of the fair value of intangible assets acquired are based primarily on significant inputs not observable in an active market and thus represent Level 3 fair value measurements as defined under U.S. GAAP.
The fair value assigned to the RCS trade name intangible asset was determined utilizing a relief from royalty method. Under the relief from royalty method, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated to be the present value of the royalties saved because the company owns the intangible asset. Revenue projections and estimated useful life were significant inputs into estimating the value of the RCS trade name.
The fair value assigned to RCS customer relationships and order backlog intangible assets were determined utilizing a multi-period excess earnings approach. Under the multi-period excess earnings approach, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated to be the present value of future earnings attributable to the asset and utilizes revenue and cost projections, including an assumed contributory asset charge.
The trade name, customer relationships and order backlog intangible assets are expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Pro Forma Results (Unaudited)
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of our operations and the operations of RCS as if this transaction had occurred on January 1, 2016. This unaudited pro forma financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the consolidated results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition actually been completed as of January 1, 2016, and should not be taken as a projection of the future consolidated results of our operations.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 175,652 |  |  | $ | 170,658 |  |  | $ | 515,200 |  |  | $ | 497,172 |
Net income | 1,751 |  |  | 7,525 |  |  | 6,292 |  |  | 16,892 |
Net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | 1,751 |  |  | 7,525 |  |  | 6,292 |  |  | 16,892 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |

For purposes of determining pro forma net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc., adjustments were made to all periods presented in the table above. The pro forma net income and net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. assumes that amortization of acquired intangible assets began at January 1, 2016 rather than on April 6, 2017. The result is a net increase in amortization expense of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and a net increase in amortization expense of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Additionally, acquisition costs totaling $0.1 million are excluded from pro forma net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. All adjustments have been made net of their related tax effects.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document.
Overview
We develop and manufacture a broad line of pre-programmed universal remote control products, AV accessories, software and intelligent wireless security, sensing and automation components dedicated to redefining the home entertainment and automation experience. Our customers operate primarily in the consumer electronics market and include subscription broadcasters, OEMs, international retailers, private label brands, pro-security dealers and companies in the computing industry. We also sell integrated circuits, on which our software and device control database is embedded, and license our device control database to OEMs that manufacture televisions, digital audio and video players, streamer boxes, cable converters, satellite receivers, set-top boxes, room air conditioning equipment, game consoles, and wireless mobile phones and tablets.
Since our beginning in 1986, we have compiled an extensive device control code database that covers approximately one million individual device functions and approximately 8,000 unique consumer electronic brands. QuickSet®, our proprietary software, can automatically detect, identify and enable the appropriate control commands for home entertainment, automation and appliances like air conditioners. Our library is regularly updated with new control functions captured directly from devices, remote controls and manufacturer specifications to ensure the accuracy and integrity of our database and control engine. Our universal remote control library contains device codes that are capable of controlling virtually all set-top boxes, televisions, audio components, DVD players, Blu-Ray players, and CD players, as well as most other remote controlled home entertainment devices and home automation control modules worldwide.
With the wider adoption of more advanced technologies, emerging radio frequency ("RF") technologies, such as RF4CE, Bluetooth, and Bluetooth Smart, have increasingly become a focus in our development efforts. Several new recently released platforms utilize RF to effectively implement popular features like voice search.
We have developed a comprehensive patent portfolio of more than 400 pending and issued patents related to remote controls and home automation.
We operate as one business segment. We have 24 international subsidiaries located in Argentina, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong (3), India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, People's Republic of China (6), Singapore, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
To recap our results for the three months ended September 30, 2017:

• | Net sales increased 3.8% to $175.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $169.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

• | Our gross margin percentage decreased from 24.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to 24.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

• | Operating expenses, as a percent of net sales, increased from 19.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to 22.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

• | Our operating income decreased from $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and our operating margin percentage decreased from 4.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 to 2.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

• | Our effective tax rate increased to 51.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 5.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Our strategic business objectives for 2017 include the following:

• | continue to develop and market the advanced remote control products and technologies that our customer base is adopting;

• | continue to broaden our home control and automation product offerings;

• | further penetrate international subscription broadcasting markets;

• | acquire new customers in historically strong regions;

• | increase our share with existing customers; and

• | continue to seek acquisitions or strategic partners that complement and strengthen our existing business.

We intend for the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations to provide information that will assist in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from period
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to period, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect our consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for sales returns and doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, our review for impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill, business combinations, income taxes, stock-based compensation expense and performance-based common stock warrants. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be significant and may have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably may have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur may materially impact the financial statements. We do not believe that there have been any significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales | 75.5 |  |  | 75.3 |  |  | 75.2 |  |  | 75.0 |
Gross profit | 24.5 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | 24.8 |  |  | 25.0 |
Research and development expenses | 3.1 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.1 |
Factory transition restructuring charges | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.3 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 18.8 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 18.4 |  |  | 17.7 |
Operating income | 2.4 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 3.9 |
Interest income (expense), net | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | )
Other income (expense), net | 0.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.4 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 2.0 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 4.1 |
Provision for income taxes | 1.0 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Net income | 1.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 3.5 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.0 |
Net income attributable to Universal Electronics Inc. | 1.0 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 3.5 | %

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net sales. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were $175.7 million, an increase of 3.8% compared to $169.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales by our Business and Consumer lines were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (millions) |  | % of total |  | $ (millions) |  | % of total
Business | $ | 163.1 |  |  | 92.8 | % |  | $ | 157.2 |  |  | 92.9 | %
Consumer | 12.6 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 7.1 |
Total net sales | $ | 175.7 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 169.2 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Net sales in our Business lines (subscription broadcasting, OEM, and computing companies) were 92.8% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 92.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales in our Business lines for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by 3.8% to $163.1 million from $157.2 million driven primarily by increased sales of home security products, increased sales to consumer electronics companies in Asia, and the rollout of higher end platforms in Europe. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales to North American satellite broadcasting customers as certain customers are in the process of depleting their current stock of inventory in preparation for the launch of their new advanced platforms.
Net sales in our Consumer lines (One For All® retail and private label) were 7.2% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 7.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales in our Consumer lines for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by 5.0% to $12.6 million from $12.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 driven primarily by growth in international markets outside of Europe.
Gross profit. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $43.1 million compared to $41.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Gross profit as a percent of sales decreased to 24.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 24.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The gross margin percentage was unfavorably impacted by price reductions granted to certain large volume customers, manufacturing inefficiencies experienced due to our factory transition activities in China, and lower-margin projects undertaken in Latin America. These impacts were partially offset by raw material cost savings.
Research and development ("R&D") expenses. R&D expenses increased 9.3% to $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily driven by R&D efforts dedicated to developing new product offerings for new and existing product categories.
Factory transition restructuring charges. In the first quarter of 2016, we implemented a plan to reduce the impact of rising labor rates in China by transitioning manufacturing activities from our southern-most China factory, located in the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong province, to our other China factories where labor rates are rising at a slower rate. As a result, we incurred severance costs of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We ceased manufacturing operations in our Guangzhou factory during the third quarter of 2017 and as a result, we do not expect to incur a significant amount of additional severance costs associated with the transition of manufacturing activities from this location.
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses. SG&A expenses increased 15.3% to $33.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $28.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to incremental expense recorded to reflect an increase in the value of contingent consideration to be paid in connection with our acquisition of the net assets of Ecolink Intelligent Technology, Inc. ("Ecolink"); increased stock-based compensation expense; and increased payroll and benefits attributable to annual merit increases and additional headcount to support product development efforts. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in legal expense as a result of higher legal fees in the prior year period related to patent litigation matters.
Interest income (expense), net. Net interest expense was $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to net interest expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as a result of an increased level of borrowings on our line of credit.
Other income (expense), net. Net other income was $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to net other income of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. This change was driven primarily by foreign currency losses associated with fluctuations in the Chinese Yuan Renminbi and British Pound exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar.
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Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Our effective tax rate was 51.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 5.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the nondeductibility of certain transactions in China as a result of the pending sale of our Guangzhou factory. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2016, we received tax refunds from the Chinese government totaling $1.8 million for various tax incentives relating to fiscal year 2015.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Net sales. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $514.6 million, an increase of 4.8% compared to $490.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales by our Business and Consumer lines were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| $ (millions) |  | % of total |  | $ (millions) |  | % of total
Business | $ | 477.9 |  |  | 92.9 | % |  | $ | 456.3 |  |  | 93.0 | %
Consumer | 36.7 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 34.5 |  |  | 7.0 | %
Total net sales | $ | 514.6 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 490.8 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Net sales in our Business lines (subscription broadcasting, OEM, and computing companies) were 92.9% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 93.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales in our Business lines for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by 4.7% to $477.9 million from $456.3 million driven primarily by increased sales of home security products, increased market share in Latin America, the rollout of higher end platforms in Europe and increased sales to consumer electronics companies in Asia. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales to North American satellite broadcasting customers as certain customers are in the process of depleting their current stock of inventory in preparation for the launch of their new advanced platforms.
Net sales in our Consumer lines (One For All® retail and private label) were 7.1% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 7.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net sales in our Consumer lines for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by 7.1% to $36.7 million from $34.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 driven primarily by growth in international markets outside of Europe and in the U.S. market.
Gross profit. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $127.9 million compared to $122.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gross profit as a percent of sales decreased slightly to 24.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 25.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The gross margin percentage was unfavorably impacted by price reductions granted to certain large volume customers, manufacturing inefficiencies experienced due to factory transition activities in China, and lower-margin projects undertaken in Latin America. These impacts were partially offset by the weakening of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi relative to the U.S. Dollar.
Research and development expenses. R&D expenses increased 3.7% to $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $15.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Factory transition restructuring charges. In the first quarter of 2016, we implemented a plan to reduce the impact of rising labor costs in China by transitioning manufacturing activities from our southern-most China factory, located in the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong province, to our other China factories where labor rates are rising at a slower rate. As a result, we incurred severance costs of $6.1 million and $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We ceased manufacturing operations in our Guangzhou factory during the third quarter of 2017 and as a result, we do not expect to incur a significant amount of additional severance costs associated with the transition of manufacturing activities from this location.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. SG&A expenses increased 9.0% to $94.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $86.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to incremental expense recorded to reflect an increase in the value of contingent consideration to be paid in connection with our acquisition of the net assets of Ecolink; increased stock-based compensation expense; increased headcount and other direct costs associated with product development efforts as a result of an increase in the number of higher end customer products; additional expense to support our implementation of a new ERP system; and additional expense as a result of the acquisition of the net assets of Residential Control Systems, Inc. ("RCS") in April 2017. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in legal expense as a result of higher legal fees, including the recording of a $2.0 million legal settlement, in the prior year period related to patent litigation matters.
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Interest income (expense), net. Net interest expense was $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to net interest expense of $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as a result of an increased level of borrowings on our line of credit.
Other income (expense), net. Net other income was $2.0 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to net other income of $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This change was driven primarily by a decrease in foreign currency gains associated with fluctuations in the Chinese Yuan Renminbi exchange rate versus the U.S. Dollar.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our effective tax rate was 31.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 14.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the nondeductibility of certain transactions in China as a result of the pending sale of our Guangzhou factory. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we received tax refunds from the Chinese government totaling $1.8 million for various tax incentives relating to fiscal year 2015.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | (1,160 | ) |  | $ | (39,841 | ) |  | $ | 38,681 |
Cash used for investing activities | (40,091 | ) |  | (9,852 | ) |  | (30,239 | )
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 44,903 |  |  | 54,986 |  |  | (10,083 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (5,703 | ) |  | (2,519 | ) |  | (3,184 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | $ | 2,774 |  |  | $ | (4,825 | )

| September 30, 2017 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 48,560 |  |  | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | $ | 50,611 |
Working capital | 98,063 |  |  | (10,228 | ) |  | 108,291 |

Net cash used for operating activities was $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $38.7 million of net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to working capital needs associated with accounts receivable and inventories. Cash outflows associated with accounts receivable have increased primarily as a result of collection timing. Days sales outstanding have increased from 72 days at September 30, 2016 to 79 days at September 30, 2017. With respect to inventories, cash outflows increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 largely as a result of carrying increased inventory levels while we transition manufacturing operations between our factories in China. In addition, we had some buildup of inventory related to the anticipated rollout of higher end platforms to certain customers as well as further anticipated growth in home security product sales. Our inventory turns decreased from 4.2 turns at September 30, 2016 to 3.6 turns at September 30, 2017.
Net cash used for investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $40.1 million compared to $30.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in cash used for investing activities was driven primarily by our acquisition of the net assets of RCS for $8.9 million in April 2017.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $44.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $10.1 million of net cash used for financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was driven primarily by net borrowings on our line of credit of $64.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to net payments of $15.0 million on our line of credit during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This was partially offset by an increase of $18.0 million in treasury stock purchases and a $3.7 million decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased 329,964 shares of our common stock at a cost of $20.2 million compared to our repurchase of 39,531 shares at a cost of $2.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We hold these shares as treasury stock and they are available for reissue. Presently, we have no plans to distribute these shares, although we may change these plans if necessary to fulfill our on-going business objectives.
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From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes management to repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock on the open market. Repurchases may be made whenever we deem a repurchase to be a good use of our cash and the repurchase enhances shareholder value. As of September 30, 2017, we had 114,271 shares available for repurchase on the open market under the Board's authorizations. On October 23, 2017, our Board increased these repurchase authorizations by 300,000 shares bringing the total authorization as of the approval date to 386,434 shares.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and the effect these obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.

| Payments Due by Period
(In thousands) | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1 - 3 years |  | 4 - 5 years |  | After 5 years
Operating lease obligations | $ | 13,732 |  |  | $ | 4,570 |  |  | $ | 5,192 |  |  | $ | 3,321 |  |  | $ | 649 |
Purchase obligations(1) | 7,037 |  |  | 7,037 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration (2) | 17,400 |  |  | 3,400 |  |  | 13,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |
Total contractual obligations | $ | 38,169 |  |  | $ | 15,007 |  |  | $ | 18,192 |  |  | $ | 4,321 |  |  | $ | 649 |

(1) | Purchase obligations primarily consist of contractual payments to purchase property, plant and equipment.

(2) | Contingent consideration consists of contingent payments related to our purchases of the net assets of Ecolink and RCS.

Liquidity
Historically, we have utilized cash provided from operations as our primary source of liquidity, as internally generated cash flows have been sufficient to support our business operations, capital expenditures and discretionary share repurchases. More recently, we have utilized our revolving line of credit to fund an increased level of share repurchases and our acquisitions of the net assets of Ecolink and RCS. We anticipate that we will continue to utilize both cash flows from operations and our revolving line of credit to support ongoing business operations, capital expenditures and future discretionary share repurchases. Our working capital needs have typically been greatest during the third and fourth quarters when accounts receivable and inventories increase in connection with the fourth quarter holiday selling season and when inventory levels increase in anticipation of factory closures in observance of Chinese New Year. We believe our current cash balances, anticipated cash flow to be generated from operations and available borrowing resources will be sufficient to cover expected cash outlays during the next twelve months; however, because our cash is located in various jurisdictions throughout the world, we may at times need to increase borrowing from our revolving line of credit or take on additional debt until we are able to transfer cash among our various entities.
Our liquidity is subject to various risks including the risks discussed under "Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk."

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 48,560 |  |  | $ | 50,611 |
Available borrowing resources | 11,000 |  |  | 35,000 |

Our cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world. The majority of our cash is held outside of the United States and may be repatriated to the United States but, under current law, would be subject to United States federal income taxes, less applicable foreign tax credits. Repatriation of some foreign balances is restricted by local laws. We have not provided for the United States federal tax liability on these amounts for financial statement purposes as this cash is considered indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. Our intent is to meet our domestic liquidity needs through ongoing cash flows, external borrowings, or both. We utilize a variety of tax planning strategies in an effort to ensure that our worldwide cash is available in the locations in which it is needed.
On September 30, 2017, we had $4.8 million, $22.1 million, $0.8 million, $13.3 million and $7.5 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States, the People's Republic of China ("PRC"), Asia (excluding the PRC), Europe, and South America, respectively. On December 31, 2016, we had $3.3 million, $22.1 million, $5.3 million, $19.6 million, and $0.3 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States, the PRC, Asia (excluding the PRC), Europe and South America, respectively. We attempt to mitigate our exposure to liquidity, credit and other relevant risks by placing our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions we believe are high quality.
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Our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank") provided for a $125.0 million revolving line of credit ("Credit Line") that was to expire on November 1, 2019. On October 27, 2017, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole book runner, and Wells Fargo, National Association, which replaces the Amended Credit Agreement. Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, the Credit Line was increased to $170.0 million and the expiration date remained November 1, 2019. The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit. There were no outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2017.
All obligations under the Credit Line are secured by substantially all of our U.S. personal property and tangible and intangible assets as well as 65% of our ownership interest in Enson Assets Limited, our wholly-owned subsidiary that controls our manufacturing factories in the PRC.
The interest rate applicable to outstanding Credit Line balances under the Second Amended Credit Agreement is the same as under the Amended Credit Agreement. We may elect to pay interest on the Credit Line based on LIBOR plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.25% to 1.75%) or base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank or as otherwise specified in the Amended Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.00% to 0.50%). The applicable margins are calculated quarterly and vary based on our cash flow leverage ratio as set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement. The interest rate in effect at September 30, 2017 was 2.48%. There are no commitment fees or unused line fees under the Amended Credit Agreement or the Second Amended Credit Agreement.
The Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement include financial covenants requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum cash flow leverage ratio. In addition, the Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement also contain other customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the Amended Credit Agreement.
At September 30, 2017, we had an outstanding balance of $114.0 million on our Credit Line and $11.0 million of availability.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not participate in any material off-balance sheet arrangements.
Factors That May Affect Financial Condition and Future Results
Forward-Looking Statements
We caution that the following important factors, among others (including but not limited to factors discussed in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," as well as those discussed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in our other reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission), may affect our actual results and may contribute to or cause our actual consolidated results to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. The factors included here are not exhaustive. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can we assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Therefore, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual future results.
While we believe that the forward-looking statements made in this report are based on reasonable assumptions, the actual outcome of such statements is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the significant percentage of our revenue attributable to a limited number of customers; the failure of our markets to continue growing and expanding in the manner we anticipated; the failure of our customers to grow and expand as we anticipated; the effects of natural or other events beyond our control, including the effects political unrest, war or terrorist activities may have on us or the economy; the economic environment's effect on us or our customers; the growth of, acceptance of and the demand for our products and technologies in various markets and geographical regions, including cable, satellite, consumer electronics, retail, and digital media and interactive technology; our successful integration of the Ecolink and RCS assets and business lines; our inability to add profitable complementary products which are accepted by the marketplace; our inability to attract and retain a quality workforce at adequate levels in all regions of the world, and particularly Asia; our inability to continue to maintain our operating costs at acceptable levels through our cost containment efforts; an unfavorable ruling in any or all of the litigation matters to which we are party; our inability to continue selling our products or licensing our technologies at higher or profitable margins; our inability to obtain orders or maintain our order volume with new and existing customers; our inability to develop new and innovative technologies and products that are accepted by our
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customers; the sale of our Guangzhou facility not occurring as or within the time frame anticipated by management; our inability to successfully and profitably restructure our manufacturing facilities and activities; possible dilutive effect our stock incentive programs may have on our earnings per share and stock price; the continued ability to identify and execute on opportunities that maximize stockholder value, including the effects repurchasing the company's shares have on the company's stock value; our inability to continue to obtain adequate quantities of component parts or secure adequate factory production capacity on a timely basis; and other factors listed from time to time in our press releases and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of these risks and the use of financial instruments to mitigate our risk exposure.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our debt. From time to time we borrow amounts on our Credit Line for working capital and other liquidity needs. Under our Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement, we may elect to pay interest on outstanding borrowings on our Credit Line based on LIBOR or a base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank) plus an applicable margin as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement and Second Amended Credit Agreement. Accordingly, changes in interest rates would impact our results of operations in future periods. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have an approximately $0.7 million annual impact on net income based on our outstanding line of credit balance at September 30, 2017.
We cannot make any assurances that we will not need to borrow additional amounts in the future or that funds will be extended to us under comparable terms or at all. If funding is not available to us at a time when we need to borrow, we would have to use our cash reserves, including potentially repatriating cash from foreign jurisdictions, which may have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
At September 30, 2017, we had wholly-owned subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil, Cayman Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, the PRC, Singapore, Spain and the United Kingdom. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our sales commitments, anticipated sales, anticipated purchases, operating expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The most significant foreign currencies to our operations are the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Argentinian Peso, Mexican Peso, Brazilian Real, Indian Rupee and Japanese Yen. Our most significant foreign currency exposure is to the Chinese Yuan Renminbi as this is the functional currency of our China-based factories where the majority of our products are manufactured. If the Chinese Yuan Renminbi were to strengthen against the U.S. Dollar, our manufacturing costs would increase. We are generally a net payor of the Euro, Mexican Peso, Indian Rupee and Japanese Yen and therefore benefit from a stronger U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a weaker U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. For the British Pound, Argentinian Peso and Brazilian Real, we are generally a net receiver of the foreign currency and therefore benefit from a weaker U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. Even where we are a net receiver, a weaker U.S. Dollar may adversely affect certain expense figures taken alone.
From time to time, we enter into foreign currency exchange agreements to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in our forecasted income and cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The terms of these foreign currency exchange agreements normally last less than nine months. We recognize the gains and losses on these foreign currency contracts in the same period as the remeasurement losses and gains of the related foreign currency-denominated exposures.
It is difficult to estimate the impact of fluctuations on reported income, as it depends on the opening and closing rates, the average net balance sheet positions held in a foreign currency and the amount of income generated in local currency. We routinely forecast what these balance sheet positions and income generated in local currency may be and we take steps to minimize exposure as we deem appropriate. Alternatively, we may choose not to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with our foreign currency exposures, primarily if such exposure acts as a natural foreign currency hedge for other offsetting amounts denominated in the same currency or the currency is difficult or too expensive to hedge. We do not enter into any derivative transactions for speculative purposes.
The sensitivity of earnings and cash flows to variability in exchange rates is assessed by applying an approximate range of potential rate fluctuations to our assets, obligations and projected results of operations denominated in foreign currency with all other variables held constant. The analysis includes all of our foreign currency contracts offset by the underlying exposures. Based on our overall foreign currency rate exposure at September 30, 2017, we believe that movements in foreign currency rates may have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations. We estimate that if the exchange rates for the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Argentinian Peso, Mexican Peso, Brazilian Real, Indian Rupee and Japanese Yen relative to the U.S. Dollar fluctuate 10% from September 30, 2017, net income in the third quarter of 2017 would fluctuate by approximately $11.5 million.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d) defines "disclosure controls and procedures" to mean controls and procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms. The definition further states that disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal controls or in other factors that may significantly affect our internal controls during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to lawsuits arising out of the conduct of our business. The discussion of our litigation matters contained in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10" is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The reader should carefully consider, in connection with the other information in this report, the factors discussed in "Part I, Item
1A: Risk Factors" of the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporated herein by reference. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from those stated in forward-looking statements contained in this document and elsewhere.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased 90,494 shares of our issued and outstanding common stock for $5.3 million. We make stock repurchases under ongoing and systematic programs approved by our Board of Directors when we deem a repurchase to be a good use of our cash and the repurchase enhances shareholder value. On September 30, 2017, we had 114,271 shares available for repurchase on the open market under the Board's authorizations. On October 23, 2017, our Board increased these repurchase authorizations by 300,000 shares bringing the total authorizations as of the approval date to 386,434 shares. Shares may also be tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock.
The following table sets forth, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, our total stock repurchases, average price paid per share and the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased on the open market under our plans or programs:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Weighted Average Price Paid per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3)
July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017 |  | 1,354 |  |  | $ | 67.21 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,000 |
August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017 |  | 38,462 |  |  | 57.33 |  |  | 35,729 |  |  | 164,271 |
September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017 |  | 50,678 |  |  | 59.91 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 114,271 |
Total |  | 90,494 |  |  | $ | 58.92 |  |  | 85,729 |  |  | 114,271 |

(1) | Of the repurchases in July, August and September, 1,354, 2,733 and 678 shares, respectively, represent common shares of the company that were owned and tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted shares.

(2) | For shares tendered in connection with the vesting of restricted shares, the average price paid per share is an average calculated using the daily high and low of the Company's common stock at the time of vesting.

(3) | The Company may purchase shares from time to time in open market purchases. The Company may make all or part of the purchases pursuant to accelerated share repurchases or Rule 10b5-1 plans.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., and Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: | November 8, 2017 |  | UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
|  |  | By: |  | /s/ Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer
|  |  |  |  | and principal accounting officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Description
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., and Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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