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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Pre-Tax Income (Loss) by Jurisdiction | In 2019, 2018 and 2017, pre-tax income (loss) was attributed to the following jurisdictions:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Domestic operations | $ | (28,929 | ) |  | $ | (28,482 | ) |  | $ | (12,852 | )
Foreign operations | 39,331 |  |  | 54,648 |  |  | 20,140 |
Total | $ | 10,402 |  |  | $ | 26,166 |  |  | $ | 7,288 |
Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes charged to operations was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current tax expense: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | (188 | ) |  | $ | (1,074 | ) |  | $ | 3,406 |
State and local | 82 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 72 |
Foreign | 8,217 |  |  | 10,829 |  |  | 8,304 |
Total current | 8,111 |  |  | 9,838 |  |  | 11,782 |
Deferred tax (benefit) expense: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | — |  |  | 3,961 |  |  | 9,495 |
State and local | — |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | (369 | )
Foreign | (1,339 | ) |  | (1,487 | ) |  | (3,297 | )
Total deferred | (1,339 | ) |  | 4,404 |  |  | 5,829 |
Total provision for income taxes | $ | 6,772 |  |  | $ | 14,242 |  |  | $ | 17,611 |
Net Deferred Tax Assets | Net deferred tax assets were comprised of the following:
| December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Inventory reserves | $ | 2,887 |  |  | $ | 1,428 |
Capitalized research costs | — |  |  | 22 |
Capitalized inventory costs | 3,156 |  |  | 1,541 |
Net operating losses | 2,644 |  |  | 2,810 |
Acquired tangible assets | 71 |  |  | 1,204 |
Accrued liabilities | 4,070 |  |  | 1,090 |
Income tax credits | 11,800 |  |  | 10,020 |
Operating lease obligations | 7,878 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | 4,018 |  |  | 3,181 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 2,169 |  |  | 1,135 |
Total deferred tax assets | 38,693 |  |  | 22,431 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 426 |  |  | 661 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (270 | ) |  | (739 | )
Right of use assets | (7,480 | ) |  | — |
Other | (3,866 | ) |  | (4,189 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities | (11,190 | ) |  | (4,267 | )
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 27,503 |  |  | 18,164 |
Less: Valuation allowance | (24,797 | ) |  | (17,261 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 2,706 |  |  | $ | 903 |
Reconciliation of Tax Provision at Statutory U.S. Rate to Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income from operations as a result of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Tax provision at statutory U.S. rate | $ | 2,185 |  |  | $ | 5,495 |  |  | $ | 2,551 |
Increase (decrease) in tax provision resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
State and local taxes, net | (1,903 | ) |  | (1,792 | ) |  | (733 | )
Foreign tax rate differential | (1,810 | ) |  | (2,079 | ) |  | (296 | )
Foreign undistributed earnings, net of credits | 1,181 |  |  | 5,329 |  |  | 14,211 |
Nondeductible items | 1,236 |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | 891 |
Federal research and development credits | (884 | ) |  | (713 | ) |  | (620 | )
Non-territorial income | (1,806 | ) |  | (1,079 | ) |  | (1,517 | )
Withholding tax | 1,082 |  |  | 5,454 |  |  | 1,078 |
Uncertain tax positions | (294 | ) |  | (159 | ) |  | 1,344 |
Stock-based compensation | 262 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 479 |
Federal tax rate change | (412 | ) |  | 466 |  |  | 686 |
Valuation allowance | 7,524 |  |  | 8,057 |  |  | 149 |
Foreign permanent benefit | (856 | ) |  | (7,077 | ) |  | (451 | )
Provision to return | 584 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 683 |  |  | 930 |  |  | (161 | )
Tax provision | $ | 6,772 |  |  | $ | 14,242 |  |  | $ | 17,611 |
Changes to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Changes to our gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,040 |  |  | $ | 5,081 |  |  | $ | 3,622 |
Additions as a result of tax provisions taken during the current year | 473 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 1,489 |
Foreign currency translation | (100 | ) |  | (51 | ) |  | 90 |
Lapse in statute of limitations | (92 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (141 | )
Settlements | (227 | ) |  | (1,612 | ) |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 4,094 |  |  | $ | 4,040 |  |  | $ | 5,081 |

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