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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Pre-Tax Income (Loss) by Jurisdiction | In 2020, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax income (loss) was attributed to the following jurisdictions:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Domestic operations | $ | (15,711) |  |  | $ | (28,929) |  |  | $ | (28,482) |
Foreign operations | 59,616 |  |  | 39,331 |  |  | 54,648 |
Total | $ | 43,905 |  |  | $ | 10,402 |  |  | $ | 26,166 |
Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes charged to operations was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current tax expense: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | (193) |  |  | $ | (188) |  |  | $ | (1,074) |
State and local | (54) |  |  | 82 |  |  | 83 |
Foreign | 6,525 |  |  | 8,217 |  |  | 10,829 |
Total current | 6,278 |  |  | 8,111 |  |  | 9,838 |
Deferred tax (benefit) expense: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,961 |
State and local | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,930 |
Foreign | (945) |  |  | (1,339) |  |  | (1,487) |
Total deferred | (945) |  |  | (1,339) |  |  | 4,404 |
Total provision for income taxes | $ | 5,333 |  |  | $ | 6,772 |  |  | $ | 14,242 |
Net Deferred Tax Assets | Net deferred tax assets were comprised of the following:
| December 31,
(In thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,070 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,904 |  |  | 2,169 |
Capitalized inventory costs | 2,945 |  |  | 3,156 |
Depreciation | 2,530 |  |  | 426 |
Income tax credits | 15,558 |  |  | 11,800 |
Inventory reserves | 3,383 |  |  | 2,887 |
Net operating losses | 2,844 |  |  | 2,644 |
Operating lease obligations | 4,639 |  |  | 7,878 |
Stock-based compensation | 4,600 |  |  | 4,018 |
Other | 409 |  |  | 71 |
Total deferred tax assets | 38,812 |  |  | 39,119 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities | (1,939) |  |  | — |
Allowance for credit losses | (710) |  |  | (270) |
Right of use assets | (4,577) |  |  | (7,480) |
Other | (29) |  |  | (3,866) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (7,255) |  |  | (11,616) |
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 31,557 |  |  | 27,503 |
Less: Valuation allowance | (27,906) |  |  | (24,797) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 3,651 |  |  | $ | 2,706 |
Reconciliation of Tax Provision at Statutory U.S. Rate to Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income from operations as a result of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Tax provision at statutory U.S. rate | $ | 9,220 |  |  | $ | 2,185 |  |  | $ | 5,495 |
Increase (decrease) in tax provision resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
Federal research and development credits | (2,119) |  |  | (884) |  |  | (713) |
Foreign permanent benefit | (2,842) |  |  | (856) |  |  | (7,077) |
Foreign tax rate differential | (1,595) |  |  | (1,810) |  |  | (2,079) |
Foreign undistributed earnings, net of credits | 3,319 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 5,329 |
Non-deductible items | 1,637 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | 1,197 |
Non-territorial income | (2,493) |  |  | (1,806) |  |  | (1,079) |
Provision to return | (343) |  |  | 584 |  |  | — |
State and local taxes, net | (1,932) |  |  | (1,903) |  |  | (1,792) |
Stock-based compensation | (266) |  |  | 262 |  |  | 213 |
Tax rate change | (1,527) |  |  | (412) |  |  | 466 |
Uncertain tax positions | (1,565) |  |  | (294) |  |  | (159) |
Valuation allowance | 3,109 |  |  | 7,524 |  |  | 8,057 |
Withholding tax | 2,320 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 5,454 |
Other | 410 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 930 |
Tax provision | $ | 5,333 |  |  | $ | 6,772 |  |  | $ | 14,242 |
Changes to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Changes to our gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,094 |  |  | $ | 4,040 |  |  | $ | 5,081 |
Additions as a result of tax provisions taken during the current year | 274 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 702 |
Foreign currency translation | 20 |  |  | (100) |  |  | (51) |
Lapse in statute of limitations | (51) |  |  | (92) |  |  | (80) |
Settlements | — |  |  | (227) |  |  | (1,612) |
Other | (1,317) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 3,020 |  |  | $ | 4,094 |  |  | $ | 4,040 |

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