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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-21044
_______________________________________
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  |  | 33-0204817
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

15147 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite H300, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254-2494
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(480) 530-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
_____________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | UEIC | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 12,952,143 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant were outstanding on November 3, 2023.

UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
INDEX

| Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) Statements | 5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 34
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 35
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 36
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 36
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 36
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 36
Item 5. Other Information | 36
Item 6. Exhibits | 37
Signatures | 38

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share-related data)
(Unaudited)

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 60,079 |  |  | $ | 66,740 |
Accounts receivable, net | 112,521 |  |  | 112,346 |
Contract assets | 8,133 |  |  | 7,996 |
Inventories | 93,462 |  |  | 140,181 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,809 |  |  | 6,647 |
Income tax receivable | 2,387 |  |  | 4,130 |
Total current assets | 282,391 |  |  | 338,040 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 46,613 |  |  | 62,791 |
Goodwill | — |  |  | 49,085 |
Intangible assets, net | 25,529 |  |  | 24,470 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 17,777 |  |  | 21,599 |
Deferred income taxes | 4,472 |  |  | 6,242 |
Other assets | 1,558 |  |  | 1,936 |
Total assets | $ | 378,340 |  |  | $ | 504,163 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 54,776 |  |  | $ | 71,373 |
Line of credit | 75,000 |  |  | 88,000 |
Accrued compensation | 21,707 |  |  | 20,904 |
Accrued sales discounts, rebates and royalties | 5,060 |  |  | 6,477 |
Accrued income taxes | 4,261 |  |  | 5,585 |
Other accrued liabilities | 21,714 |  |  | 24,134 |
Total current liabilities | 182,518 |  |  | 216,473 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Operating lease obligations | 11,553 |  |  | 15,027 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,280 |  |  | 2,724 |
Income tax payable | 723 |  |  | 723 |
Other long-term liabilities | 739 |  |  | 810 |
Total liabilities | 196,813 |  |  | 235,757 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 25,301,246 and 24,999,951 shares issued on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 253 |  |  | 250 |
Paid-in capital | 334,683 |  |  | 326,839 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 12,356,603 and 12,295,305 shares on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | (369,082) |  |  | (368,194) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (23,889) |  |  | (21,187) |
Retained earnings | 239,562 |  |  | 330,698 |
Total stockholders' equity | 181,527 |  |  | 268,406 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 378,340 |  |  | $ | 504,163 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales | $ | 107,095 |  |  | $ | 148,482 |  |  | $ | 322,863 |  |  | $ | 419,993 |
Cost of sales | 86,683 |  |  | 104,040 |  |  | 253,141 |  |  | 299,912 |
Gross profit | 20,412 |  |  | 44,442 |  |  | 69,722 |  |  | 120,081 |
Research and development expenses | 7,658 |  |  | 8,017 |  |  | 24,502 |  |  | 24,460 |
Factory restructuring charges | 3,690 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,690 |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 23,097 |  |  | 24,928 |  |  | 75,144 |  |  | 79,188 |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,075 |  |  | — |
Operating income (loss) | (14,033) |  |  | 11,497 |  |  | (82,689) |  |  | 16,433 |
Interest income (expense), net | (1,216) |  |  | (668) |  |  | (3,288) |  |  | (1,147) |
Other income (expense), net | (851) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (1,767) |  |  | (388) |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (16,100) |  |  | 10,775 |  |  | (87,744) |  |  | 14,898 |
Provision for income taxes | 3,262 |  |  | 3,541 |  |  | 3,392 |  |  | 7,586 |
Net income (loss) | $ | (19,362) |  |  | $ | 7,234 |  |  | $ | (91,136) |  |  | $ | 7,312 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (1.50) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | (7.10) |  |  | $ | 0.58 |
Diluted | $ | (1.50) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | (7.10) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 12,911 |  | 12,656 |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,709 |
Diluted | 12,911 |  | 12,696 |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,797 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income (loss) | $ | (19,362) |  |  | $ | 7,234 |  |  | $ | (91,136) |  |  | $ | 7,312 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,501) |  |  | (7,367) |  |  | (2,702) |  |  | (12,831) |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (20,863) |  |  | $ | (133) |  |  | $ | (93,838) |  |  | $ | (5,519) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

| Common Stock Issued |  | Common Stock in Treasury |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Totals
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | (12,295) |  |  | $ | (368,194) |  |  | $ | 326,839 |  |  | $ | (21,187) |  |  | $ | 330,698 |  |  | $ | 268,406 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (61,363) |  |  | (61,363) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  |  | 1,916 |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 189 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 352 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (53) |  |  | (812) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (812) |
Shares issued to directors | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,540 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,540 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 25,197 |  |  | 252 |  |  | (12,348) |  |  | (369,006) |  |  | 329,729 |  |  | (19,271) |  |  | 269,335 |  |  | 211,039 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,411) |  |  | (10,411) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,117) |  |  |  |  | (3,117) |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 50 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 373 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  | (43) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (43) |
Shares issued to directors | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,158 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,158 |
Balance at June 30, 2023 | 25,254 |  |  | 253 |  |  | (12,353) |  |  | (369,049) |  |  | 332,259 |  |  | (22,388) |  |  | 258,924 |  |  | 199,999 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19,362) |  |  | (19,362) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,501) |  |  |  |  | (1,501) |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 289 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | (33) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (33) |
Shares issued to directors | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,135 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,135 |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | 25,301 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | (12,356) |  |  | $ | (369,082) |  |  | $ | 334,683 |  |  | $ | (23,889) |  |  | $ | 239,562 |  |  | $ | 181,527 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022:

| Common Stock Issued |  | Common Stock in Treasury |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Totals
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 24,679 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | (11,861) |  |  | $ | (355,159) |  |  | $ | 314,094 |  |  | $ | (13,524) |  |  | $ | 330,291 |  |  | $ | 275,949 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,910) |  |  | (2,910) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,849 |  |  |  |  | 1,849 |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 145 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 323 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 324 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (225) |  |  | (7,354) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,354) |
Shares issued to directors | 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,499 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,499 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 24,831 |  |  | 248 |  |  | (12,086) |  |  | (362,513) |  |  | 316,916 |  |  | (11,675) |  |  | 327,381 |  |  | 270,357 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | 2,988 |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,313) |  |  |  |  | (7,313) |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 23 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 302 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (130) |  |  | (3,857) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,857) |
Shares issued to directors | 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,637 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,637 |
Balance at June 30, 2022 | 24,862 |  |  | 249 |  |  | (12,216) |  |  | (366,370) |  |  | 319,854 |  |  | (18,988) |  |  | 330,369 |  |  | 265,114 |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,234 |  |  | 7,234 |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,367) |  |  |  |  | (7,367) |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 24 |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 326 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 326 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | (86) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (86) |
Shares issued to directors | 7 |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,439 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,439 |
Balance at September 30, 2022 | 24,893 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | (12,219) |  |  | $ | (366,456) |  |  | $ | 322,619 |  |  | $ | (26,355) |  |  | $ | 337,603 |  |  | $ | 267,660 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (91,136) |  |  | $ | 7,312 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 17,549 |  |  | 18,079 |
Provision for credit losses | 69 |  |  | (204) |
Deferred income taxes | 259 |  |  | 2,063 |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan | 1,014 |  |  | 952 |
Employee and director stock-based compensation | 6,833 |  |  | 7,575 |
Impairment of goodwill | 49,075 |  |  | — |
Impairment of long-lived assets | 7,794 |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and contract assets | (488) |  |  | (11,901) |
Inventories | 44,991 |  |  | (8,477) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 4,981 |  |  | 1,734 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (21,289) |  |  | (17,201) |
Accrued income taxes | 424 |  |  | 171 |
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 20,076 |  |  | 103 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchase of term deposit | — |  |  | (7,487) |
Redemption of term deposit | — |  |  | 7,609 |
Acquisition of net assets of Qterics, Inc. | — |  |  | (939) |
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment | (6,840) |  |  | (10,117) |
Acquisitions of intangible assets | (4,643) |  |  | (4,719) |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (11,483) |  |  | (15,653) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings under line of credit | 35,000 |  |  | 83,000 |
Repayments on line of credit | (48,000) |  |  | (51,000) |
Treasury stock purchased | (888) |  |  | (11,297) |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (13,888) |  |  | 20,703 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (1,366) |  |  | (4,285) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (6,661) |  |  | 868 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 66,740 |  |  | 60,813 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 60,079 |  |  | $ | 61,681 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 5,327 |  |  | $ | 5,034 |
Interest paid | $ | 5,431 |  |  | $ | 1,204 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries contain all the adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except for the impairment and restructuring charges, as described in notes 5, 6 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements. Information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). As used herein, the terms "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates to the contrary.
Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and the "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in Items 1A, 7, 7A, and 8, respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition; allowance for credit losses; inventory valuation; impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill; business combinations; income taxes and related valuation allowances and stock-based compensation expense. Actual results may differ from these assumptions and estimates, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be material.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a summary of our significant accounting policies.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
None.
Recent Accounting Updates Not Yet Effective
None.
Note 2 — Cash, Cash Equivalents and Term Deposit
Cash and cash equivalents were held in the following geographic regions:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
North America | $ | 10,603 |  |  | $ | 6,825 |
People's Republic of China ("PRC") | 3,556 |  | 15,633
Asia (excluding the PRC) | 17,613 |  | 18,850
Europe | 15,710 |  | 13,042
South America | 12,597 |  | 12,390
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 60,079 |  |  | $ | 66,740 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
On January 25, 2022, we entered into an $8.6 million, one-year term deposit cash account with Banco Santander (Brasil) S.A., denominated in Brazilian Real. The term deposit earned interest at a variable annual rate based upon the Brazilian CDI overnight interbank rate. As of December 31, 2022, all of this term deposit was redeemed.
Note 3 — Revenue and Accounts Receivable, Net
Revenue Details
The pattern of revenue recognition was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Goods and services transferred at a point in time | $ | 83,855 |  |  | $ | 127,672 |  |  | $ | 249,908 |  |  | $ | 355,113 |
Goods and services transferred over time | 23,240 |  | 20,810 |  | 72,955 |  | 64,880 |
Net sales | $ | 107,095 |  |  | $ | 148,482 |  |  | $ | 322,863 |  |  | $ | 419,993 |

Our net sales to external customers by geographic area were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
United States | $ | 31,737 |  |  | $ | 46,732 |  |  | $ | 97,892 |  |  | $ | 130,196 |
Asia (excluding PRC) | 20,107 |  | 32,614 |  |  | 66,508 |  | 100,000 |
Europe | 22,529 |  | 27,358 |  | 68,598 |  | 76,382
People's Republic of China | 19,049 |  | 26,696 |  | 49,082 |  | 68,604
Latin America | 8,227 |  | 7,602 |  | 24,408 |  | 20,996
Other | 5,446 |  | 7,480 |  | 16,375 |  | 23,815
Total net sales | $ | 107,095 |  |  | $ | 148,482 |  |  | $ | 322,863 |  |  | $ | 419,993 |

Specific identification of the customer billing location was the basis used for attributing revenues from external customers to geographic areas.
Net sales to the following customers totaled more than 10% of our net sales:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |
Comcast Corporation | (1) |  | (1) |  | $ | 23,615 |  |  | 15.9 | % |
Daikin Industries Ltd. | $ | 15,194 |  |  | 14.2 | % |  | $ | 21,381 |  |  | 14.4 | % |
Sony Corporation | $ | 11,825 |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | (1) |  | (1) |

(1) Net sales associated with this customer did not total more than 10% of our net sales for the indicated period.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |
Comcast Corporation | $ | 34,436 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | $ | 62,222 |  |  | 14.8 | % |
Daikin Industries Ltd. | $ | 48,401 |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | $ | 59,397 |  |  | 14.1 | % |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Trade receivables, gross | $ | 107,625 |  |  | $ | 108,030 |
Allowance for credit losses | (819) |  |  | (957) |
Allowance for sales returns | (487) |  |  | (618) |
Trade receivables, net | 106,319 |  |  | 106,455 |
Other (1) | 6,202 |  |  | 5,891 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 112,521 |  |  | $ | 112,346 |

(1)Other accounts receivable is primarily comprised of value added tax and supplier rebate receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 1,285 |
Additions (reductions) to costs and expenses | 69 |  |  | (204) |
Write-offs/Foreign exchange effects | (207) |  |  | (135) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 946 |

Trade receivables associated with these significant customers that totaled more than 10% of our accounts receivable, net were as follows:

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Receivable, Net |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Accounts Receivable, Net
Comcast Corporation | (1) |  | (1) |  | $ | 15,367 |  |  | 13.7 | %
Sony Corporation | $ | 12,371 |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | (1) |  | (1)

(1) Trade receivables associated with this customer did not total more than 10% of our accounts receivable, net for the indicated period.
Note 4 — Inventories and Significant Supplier
Inventories were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 38,364 |  |  | $ | 58,759 |
Components | 13,119 |  |  | 25,226 |
Work in process | 1,725 |  |  | 2,616 |
Finished goods | 40,254 |  |  | 53,580 |
Inventories | $ | 93,462 |  |  | $ | 140,181 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Significant Supplier
There were no purchases from suppliers that totaled more than 10% of our total inventory purchases for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Purchases from the following supplier totaled more than 10% of our total inventory purchases:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Total Inventory Purchases
Qorvo International Pte Ltd. | (1) |  | (1) |  | $ | 23,185 |  |  | 10.3 | %

(1) Purchases associated with this supplier did not total more than 10% of our total inventory purchases for the indicated period.
There were no trade payable balances from suppliers that totaled more than 10% of our total accounts payable at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 5 — Long-lived Tangible Assets
Long-lived tangible assets by geographic area, which include property, plant, and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
United States | $ | 14,504 |  |  | $ | 16,427 |
People's Republic of China | 28,268 |  |  | 42,893 |
Mexico | 9,494 |  |  | 14,402 |
Vietnam | 7,902 |  |  | 6,923 |
All other countries | 4,222 |  |  | 3,745 |
Total long-lived tangible assets | $ | 64,390 |  |  | $ | 84,390 |

Property, plant, and equipment are shown net of accumulated depreciation of $170.0 million and $170.5 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Depreciation expense was $4.6 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $13.9 million and $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, as part of our manufacturing footprint optimization efforts, we made the decision to close our southwestern China factory and manufacturing operations were stopped in September 2023. We are also working to downsize our factory in Mexico due to decreased demand in our U.S. market. As a result of these decisions, we recorded impairment charges of $7.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, of which $7.6 million and $0.1 million is recorded in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, in our consolidated statements of operations.
Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decline in our financial performance, overall negative trend in the video service provider channel and an uncertain economic environment, contributed to a significant decline in our market capitalization. We considered this to be an impairment trigger. We, therefore, performed a quantitative valuation analysis under an income approach to estimate our reporting unit's fair value. The income approach used projections of estimated operating
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
results and cash flows that were discounted using a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. The main assumptions supporting the cash flow projections include, but are not limited to, revenue growth, margins, discount rate, and terminal growth rate. The financial projections reflect our best estimate of economic and market conditions over the projected period, including forecasted revenue growth, margins, capital expenditures, depreciation and amortization. In addition to our valuation analysis under an income approach, we also considered the implied control premium compared to our market capitalization.
We determined that the implied control premium over our market capitalization to be substantial; therefore, we recorded an impairment charge of $49.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

(In thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 49,085 |
Goodwill impairment | (49,075) |
Foreign exchange effects | (10) |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | $ | — |

Intangible Assets, Net
The components of intangible assets, net were as follows:

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(In thousands) | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net |  | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net
Capitalized software development costs | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | (281) |  |  | $ | 1,797 |  |  | $ | 1,647 |  |  | $ | (44) |  |  | $ | 1,603 |
Customer relationships | 6,340 |  |  | (3,622) |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | 6,340 |  |  | (3,080) |  |  | 3,260 |
Developed and core technology | 4,520 |  |  | (3,966) |  |  | 554 |  |  | 4,520 |  |  | (3,693) |  |  | 827 |
Distribution rights | 304 |  |  | (299) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 308 |  |  | (281) |  |  | 27 |
Patents | 32,509 |  |  | (12,165) |  |  | 20,344 |  |  | 29,388 |  |  | (10,790) |  |  | 18,598 |
Trademarks and trade names | 450 |  |  | (339) |  |  | 111 |  |  | 450 |  |  | (295) |  |  | 155 |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 46,201 |  |  | $ | (20,672) |  |  | $ | 25,529 |  |  | $ | 42,653 |  |  | $ | (18,183) |  |  | $ | 24,470 |

(1)This table excludes the gross value of fully amortized intangible assets totaling $44.3 million and $43.7 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Amortization expense is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, except amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs, which is recorded in cost of sales. Amortization expense by statement of operations caption was as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of sales | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,119 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 3,282 |  |  | 2,928 |
Total amortization expense | $ | 1,265 |  |  | $ | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 3,584 |  |  | $ | 2,965 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Estimated future annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets at September 30, 2023, was as follows:

(In thousands) |
2023 (remaining 3 months) | $ | 1,256 |
2024 | 5,103 |
2025 | 4,392 |
2026 | 3,583 |
2027 | 3,035 |
Thereafter | 8,160 |
Total | $ | 25,529 |

Note 7 — Leases
We have entered into various operating lease agreements for automobiles, offices and manufacturing facilities throughout the world. At September 30, 2023, our operating leases had remaining lease terms of up to 37 years, including any reasonably probable extensions.
Lease balances within our consolidated balance sheet were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 17,777 |  |  | $ | 21,599 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Other accrued liabilities | $ | 4,770 |  |  | $ | 5,509 |
Long-term operating lease obligations | 11,553 |  |  | 15,027 |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 16,323 |  |  | $ | 20,536 |

Operating lease expense, including variable and short-term lease costs, which were insignificant to the total operating lease cash flows, and supplemental cash flow information were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of sales | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 741 |  |  | $ | 2,242 |  |  | $ | 2,138 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,030 |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 3,215 |  |  | 3,315 |
Total operating lease expense | $ | 1,768 |  |  | $ | 1,869 |  |  | $ | 5,457 |  |  | $ | 5,453 |
Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ | 2,301 |  |  | $ | 1,858 |  |  | 5,878 |  |  | 5,318 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 1,604 |  |  | $ | 2,202 |  |  | $ | 4,535 |

We entered into lease amendments for our southwestern China and Mexico factories during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as a part of our manufacturing footprint optimization efforts. As a result of these modifications, our operating lease right-of-use assets decreased by $1.2 million and our total lease liabilities decreased by $1.3 million.
The weighted average remaining lease liability term and the weighted average discount rate were as follows:

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Weighted average lease liability term (in years) | 4.9 |  | 5.1
Weighted average discount rate | 4.53 | % |  | 3.82 | %

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and thereafter to the operating lease liabilities recognized in our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023. The reconciliation excludes short-term leases that are not recorded on the balance sheet.

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023
2023 (remaining 3 months) | $ | 1,230 |
2024 | 5,144 |
2025 | 3,908 |
2026 | 2,918 |
2027 | 2,158 |
Thereafter | 3,084 |
Total lease payments | 18,442 |
Less: imputed interest | (2,119) |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 16,323 |

At September 30, 2023, we did not have any operating leases that had not yet commenced.
Note 8 — Line of Credit
On May 3, 2023, we executed an amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank"), which provides for a $125.0 million revolving line of credit ("Credit Line"). Among other things, the amendment to the Second Amended Credit Agreement extended the maturity of the revolving line of credit to April 30, 2024. The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit, of which there were none at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
All obligations under the Credit Line are secured by substantially all of our U.S. personal property and tangible and intangible assets, as well as a guaranty of the Credit Line by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Universal Electronics BV.
Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, we may elect to pay interest on the Credit Line based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus an applicable margin (varying from 2.00% to 2.75%), or base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank or as otherwise specified in the Second Amended Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.00% to 0.75%). The applicable margins are calculated quarterly and vary based on our cash flow leverage ratio as set forth in the Second Amended Credit Agreement. The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 8.05% and 5.62%, respectively. There are no commitment fees or unused line fees under the Second Amended Credit Agreement.
The Second Amended Credit Agreement includes financial covenants requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum cash flow leverage ratio. In addition, the Second Amended Credit Agreement contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. From May 3, 2023 to March 31, 2024 (unless we elect to terminate earlier), our fixed charge coverage ratio and cash flow leverage ratio-based covenants are temporarily replaced with EBITDA-based covenants. Additionally, from May 3, 2023 to March 31, 2024 (unless we elect to terminate the temporary covenant provision earlier), the applicable margins are fixed at 2.75% and 0.75% for SOFR and base rate borrowing, respectively. At September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the Second Amended Credit Agreement.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $75.0 million and $88.0 million outstanding under the Credit Line, respectively. Our total interest expense on borrowings was $1.6 million and $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our total interest expense on borrowings was $4.5 million and $1.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Note 9 — Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $3.3 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recorded income tax expense of $3.4 million and $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The difference in income tax expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is primarily due to the mix of pre‐tax income among jurisdictions, including losses not benefited as a result of a valuation allowance.
The difference between the Company's effective tax rate and the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to the mix of pre-tax income and loss among jurisdictions and permanent tax items including a tax on global intangible low-taxed income. The permanent tax item related to global intangible low-taxed income also reflects recent legislative changes requiring the capitalization of research and experimentation costs, as well as limitations on the creditability of certain foreign income taxes.
At December 31, 2022, we assessed the realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. At December 31, 2022, we had a three-year cumulative operating loss for our U.S. operations and, accordingly, have provided a full valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was no change to our U.S. valuation allowance position. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we have recorded a full valuation allowance of $1.4 million against the deferred tax assets related to our southwestern China factory due to the commencement of its shutdown.
At September 30, 2023, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $3.8 million, including interest and penalties, which, if not for the valuation allowance recorded against the state Research and Experimentation income tax credit, $3.3 million would affect the annual effective tax rate if these tax benefits are realized. Further, we are unaware of any positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase within the next twelve months. Based on federal, state and foreign statute expirations in various jurisdictions, we do not anticipate a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless they are expected to be paid within one year.
We have elected to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are immaterial at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and are included in the unrecognized tax benefits.
Note 10 — Accrued Compensation
The components of accrued compensation were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued bonus | $ | 3,042 |  |  | $ | 3,348 |
Accrued commission | 355 |  |  | 609 |
Accrued salary/wages (1) | 4,014 |  |  | 4,433 |
Accrued social insurance (2) | 8,442 |  |  | 7,037 |
Accrued vacation/holiday | 3,396 |  |  | 3,300 |
Other accrued compensation | 2,458 |  |  | 2,177 |
Total accrued compensation | $ | 21,707 |  |  | $ | 20,904 |

(1)At September 30, 2023, accrued severance expenses of $1.7 million related to manufacturing footprint optimization efforts are included in this amount. See Note 12 for further information related to our restructuring activities.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
(2)PRC employers are required by law to remit the applicable social insurance payments to their local government. Social insurance is comprised of various components such as pension, medical insurance, job injury insurance, unemployment insurance, and a housing assistance fund, and is administered in a manner similar to social security in the United States. This amount represents our estimate of the amounts due to the PRC government for social insurance on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 11 — Other Accrued Liabilities
The components of other accrued liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Contract liabilities | $ | 2,065 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |
Duties | 1,131 |  |  | 470 |
Expense associated with fulfilled performance obligations | 1,344 |  |  | 1,120 |
Freight and handling fees | 2,411 |  |  | 2,497 |
Interest | 517 |  |  | 1,413 |
Operating lease obligations | 4,770 |  |  | 5,509 |
Product warranty claims costs | 522 |  |  | 522 |
Professional fees | 1,569 |  |  | 2,293 |
Sales and value added taxes | 2,908 |  |  | 3,750 |
Other | 4,477 |  |  | 5,426 |
Total other accrued liabilities | $ | 21,714 |  |  | $ | 24,134 |

Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies
Product Warranties
Changes in the liability for product warranty claims costs were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 1,095 |
Accruals for warranties issued during the period | — |  |  | 249 |
Settlements (in cash or in kind) during the period | — |  |  | (552) |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | — |  |  | (3) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 789 |

Restructuring Activities
In September 2023, we began implementing our plan to restructure and optimize our manufacturing footprint while reducing our concentration risk in the PRC. In conjunction with this plan, as of September 30, 2023, we have stopped all production activities and commenced the shutdown of our southwestern China factory. As a result, we incurred severance and equipment moving costs of $3.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, which are included within factory restructuring charges on our consolidated statements of operations. We expect the completion date of this factory restructuring to be in the first quarter of 2024 with total estimated restructuring charges of $3.7 million.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
The restructuring liabilities are included in accrued compensation and other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Restructuring activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are as follows:

| Restructuring Costs
(In thousands) | Total |  | Severance Expense |  | Other Exit Expense
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges | 3,690 |  |  | 3,415 |  |  | 275 |
Cash payments | (1,827) |  |  | (1,691) |  |  | (136) |
Other adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | $ | 1,863 |  |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | 139 |
Total costs incurred inception to date | $ | 3,690 |  |  | $ | 3,415 |  |  | $ | 275 |
Total expected expense to be incurred as of September 30, 2023 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Litigation
Roku Matters
2018 Lawsuit
On September 5, 2018, we filed a lawsuit against Roku, Inc. ("Roku") in the United States District Court, Central District of California, alleging that Roku is willfully infringing nine of our patents that are in four patent families related to remote control set-up and touchscreen remotes. On December 5, 2018, we amended our complaint to add additional details supporting our infringement and willfulness allegations. We have alleged that this complaint relates to multiple Roku streaming players and components therefor and certain universal control devices, including but not limited to the Roku App, Roku TV, Roku Express, Roku Streaming Stick, Roku Ultra, Roku Premiere, Roku 4, Roku 3, Roku 2, Roku Enhanced Remote and any other Roku product that provides for the remote control of an external device such as a TV, audiovisual receiver, sound bar or Roku TV Wireless Speakers. In October 2019, the Court stayed this lawsuit pending action by the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (the "PTAB") with respect to Roku's requests for Inter Partes Review ("IPR") (see discussion below). This lawsuit continues to be stayed until such time as the IPR's and all appeals with respect to them have concluded.
International Trade Commission Investigation of Roku, TCL, Hisense and Funai
On April 16, 2020, we filed a complaint with the International Trade Commission (the "ITC") against Roku, TCL Electronics Holding Limited and related entities (collectively, "TCL"), Hisense Co., Ltd. and related entities (collectively, "Hisense"), and Funai Electric Company, Ltd. and related entities (collectively, "Funai") claiming that certain of their televisions, set-top boxes, remote control devices, human interface devices, streaming devices, and sound bars infringe certain of our patents. We asked the ITC to issue a permanent limited exclusion order prohibiting the importation of these infringing products into the United States and a cease and desist order to stop these parties from continuing their infringing activities. On May 18, 2020, the ITC announced that it instituted its investigation as requested by us. Prior to the trial, which ended on April 23, 2021, we dismissed TCL, Hisense and Funai from this investigation as they either removed or limited the amount of our technology from their televisions as compared to our patent claims that we asserted at the time. On July 9, 2021, the Administrative Law Judge (the "ALJ") issued his Initial Determination (the "ID") finding that Roku is infringing our patents and as a result is in violation of §337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the "Tariff Act"). On July 23, 2021, Roku and we filed petitions to appeal certain portions of the ID. On November 10, 2021, the full ITC issued its final determination affirming the ID and issuing a Limited Exclusion Order (the "LEO") and Cease and Desist Order (the "CDO") against Roku, which became effective on January 9, 2022, and later this month, Roku filed its appeal of the ITC ruling with the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. Oral argument for this appeal occurred on September 5, 2023 and we expect a decision in the fourth quarter of 2023. Meanwhile, Roku continues to be subject to the LEO and CDO.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
2020 Lawsuit
As a companion case to our ITC complaint, on April 9, 2020, we filed separate actions against each of Roku, TCL, Hisense, and Funai in the United States District Court, Central District of California, alleging that Roku is willfully infringing five of our patents and TCL, Hisense, and Funai are willfully infringing six of our patents by incorporating our patented technology into certain of their televisions, set-top boxes, remote control devices, human interface devices, streaming devices and sound bars. These matters have been and continue to be stayed pending the final results of the open IPR matters mentioned below.
Inter Partes Reviews
Throughout these litigation matters against Roku and the others identified above, Roku has filed multiple IPR requests with the PTAB on all patents at issue in the 2018 Lawsuit, the ITC Action, and the 2020 Lawsuit (see discussion above). To date, the PTAB has denied Roku's request fourteen times, and granted Roku's request twelve times. Roku has since filed two IPRs on two of our patents not yet asserted against it, and we are awaiting the PTAB's institution decision with respect to those new IPR requests. Of the twelve IPR requests granted by the PTAB, the results were mixed, with the PTAB upholding the validity of many of our patent claims and invalidating others. We have appealed all but one PTAB decisi on that resulted i n an invalidation of our patent claims and we will continue to do so.
International Trade Commission Investigation Request Made by Roku against UEI and certain UEI Customers
On April 8, 2021, Roku made a request to the ITC to initiate an investigation against us and certain of our customers claiming that certain of our and those customers' remote control devices and televisions infringe two of Roku's recently acquired patents, the '511 patent and the '875 patent. On May 10, 2021, the ITC announced its decision to initiate the requested investigation. Immediately prior to trial Roku stipulated to summary determination as to its complaint against us and two of our customers with respect to one of the two patents at issue. This stipulation resulted in the complaint against us and two of our customers with respect to that patent not going to trial. The trial was thus shortened and ended on January 24, 2022. On June 24, 2022, the ALJ, pursuant to Roku's stipulation, found the '511 patent invalid as indefinite. Thereafter, on June 28, 2022, the ALJ issued her ID fully exonerating us and our customers finding the '875 patent invalid and that Roku failed to prove it established the requisite domestic industry and thus no violation of the Tariff Act. In advance of the full Commission's review, Roku and we filed petitions to appeal certain portions of the ID. In addition, the PTAB granted our request for an IPR with respect to the '875 patent. On October 28, 2022, the full ITC issued its final determination affirming the ID, ruling there was no violation of the Tariff Act and terminated the investigation. In December 2022, Roku filed an appeal, which remains pending. In addition, Roku, along with the ITC, filed a joint motion to dismiss the '511 patent as moot as it recently expired. We are opposing this motion. Further, on October 23, 2023, the PTBA issued its Final Written Decision invalidating all of the claims Roku alleges we infringe. As a companion to its ITC request, Roku also filed a lawsuit against us in Federal District Court in the Central District of California alleging that we are infringing the same two patents they alleged being infringed in the ITC investigation explained above. This District Court case has been stayed pending the ITC case, and will likely continue to be stayed pending the conclusion of Roku's appeal of the ITC case.
Court of International Trade Action against the United States of America, et. al.
On October 9, 2020, we and our subsidiaries, Ecolink Intelligent Technology, Inc. ("Ecolink") and RCS Technology, LLC ("RCS"), filed an amended complaint (20-cv-00670) in the Court of International Trade (the "CIT") against the United States of America; the Office of the United States Trade Representative; Robert E. Lighthizer, U.S. Trade Representative; U.S. Customs & Border Protection; and Mark A. Morgan, U.S. Customs & Border Protection Acting Commissioner, challenging both the substantive and procedural processes followed by the United States Trade Representative ("USTR") when instituting Section 301 Tariffs on imports from China under Lists 3 and 4A.
Pursuant to this complaint, Ecolink, RCS and we are alleging that USTR's institution of Lists 3 and 4A tariffs violated the Trade Act of 1974 (the "Trade Act") on the grounds that the USTR failed to make a determination or finding that there was an unfair trade practice that required a remedy and moreover, that Lists 3 and 4A tariffs were instituted beyond the 12-month time limit provided for in the governing statute. Ecolink, RCS and we also allege that the manner in which the Lists 3 and 4A tariff actions were implemented violated the Administrative Procedures Act (the "APA") by failing to provide adequate opportunity for comments, failed to consider relevant factors when making its decision and failed to connect the record facts to the choices it made by not explaining how the comments received by USTR came to shape the final implementation of Lists 3 and 4A.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Ecolink, RCS and we are asking the CIT to declare that the defendants' actions resulting in the tariffs on products covered by Lists 3 and 4A are unauthorized by and contrary to the Trade Act and were arbitrarily and unlawfully promulgated in violation of the APA; to vacate the Lists 3 and 4A tariffs; to order a refund (with interest) of any Lists 3 and 4A duties paid by Ecolink, RCS and us; to permanently enjoin the U.S. government from applying Lists 3 and 4A duties against Ecolink, RCS and us; and award Ecolink, RCS and us our costs and reasonable attorney's fees.
In July 2021, the CIT issued a preliminary injunction suspending liquidation of all unliquidated entries subject to Lists 3 and 4A duties and has asked the parties to develop a process to keep track of the entries to efficiently and effectively deal with liquidation process and duties to be paid or refunded when finally adjudicated. On February 5, 2022, the CIT heard oral arguments on dispositive motions filed on behalf of plaintiffs and defendants. On April 1, 2022, the CIT issued its opinion on these dispositive motions, ruling that the USTR had the legal authority to promulgate List 3 and List 4A under Section 307(a)(1)(B) of the Trade Act, but that the USTR violated the APA when it promulgated List 3 and List 4A concluding that the USTR failed to adequately explain its decision as required under the APA. The Court ordered that List 3 and List 4A be remanded to the USTR for reconsideration or further explanation regarding its rationale for imposing the tariffs. The Court declined to vacate List 3 and List 4A, which means that they are still in place while on remand. The Court's preliminary injunction regarding liquidation of entries also remains in effect. The Court initially set a deadline of June 30, 2022, for the USTR to complete this process, which was extended to August 1, 2022.
On August 1, 2022, the USTR provided the Court with that further explanation and also purported to respond to the significant comments received during the original notice-and-comment process. On September 14, 2022, the lead plaintiff filed its comments to the USTR's August 1, 2022 filing, asserting that the USTR did not adequately respond to the Court's remand order and requested the Court to vacate the List 3 and List 4A tariffs and issue refunds immediately. On March 17, 2023, the CIT sustained the List 3 and List 4 tariffs, concluding that USTR’s rationale in support of the tariffs was not impermissibly post hoc. The court also concluded that USTR adequately explained its reliance on presidential direction and adequately responded to significant comments regarding the harm to the U.S. economy, efficacy of the tariffs, and alternatives to the tariffs. Lead plaintiffs have appealed this decision and on July 17, 2023, the lead plaintiffs filed its opening brief to this appeal.
There are no other material pending legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or of which our respective property is the subject. However, as is typical in our industry and to the nature and kind of business in which we are engaged, from time to time, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced by third parties against us or by us against third parties arising from or related to product liability, infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights, breach of warranty, contractual relations, or employee relations. The amounts claimed may be substantial, but may not bear any reasonable relationship to the merits of the claims or the extent of any real risk of court awards assessed against us or in our favor. However, no assurances can be made as to the outcome of any of these matters, nor can we estimate the range of potential losses to us. In our opinion, final judgments, if any, which might be rendered against us in potential or pending litigation would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Moreover, we believe that our products do not infringe any third parties' patents or other intellectual property rights.
We maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance which insures our individual directors and officers against certain claims, as well as attorney's fees and related expenses incurred in connection with the defense of such claims.
Note 13 — Treasury Stock
From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes management to repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock. On October 26, 2023, our Board approved a new share repurchase program with an effective date of November 7, 2023 (the "October 2023 Program"). Pursuant to the October 2023 Program, we are authorized to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock. Per the terms of the October 2023 Program, we may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated share repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, some or all of which could be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans.
We also repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock to satisfy the cost of stock option exercises and/or income tax withholding obligations relating to the stock-based compensation of our employees and directors.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Repurchased shares of our common stock were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Open market shares repurchased | — |  |  | 300 |
Stock-based compensation related shares repurchased | 61 |  |  | 58 |
Total shares repurchased | 61 |  |  | 358 |
Cost of open market shares repurchased | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,438 |
Cost of stock-based compensation related shares repurchased | 888 |  |  | 1,859 |
Total cost of shares repurchased | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 11,297 |

Repurchased shares are recorded as shares held in treasury at cost. We hold these shares for future use as management and the Board of Directors deem appropriate.
Note 14 — Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for each employee and director is presented in the same statement of operations caption as their cash compensation. Stock-based compensation expense by statement of operations caption and the related income tax benefit were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of sales | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 117 |
Research and development expenses | 283 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 817 |  |  | 1,004 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employees | 1,726 |  |  | 1,842 |  |  | 5,398 |  |  | 5,421 |
Outside directors | 94 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 1,033 |
Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense | $ | 2,135 |  |  | $ | 2,439 |  |  | $ | 6,833 |  |  | $ | 7,575 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 1,073 |  |  | $ | 1,265 |

Stock Options
Stock option activity was as follows:

| Number of Options (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 782 |  |  | $ | 44.16 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 236 |  |  | 24.77 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Forfeited/canceled/expired | (93) |  |  | 51.39 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2023 (1) | 925 |  |  | $ | 38.49 |  |  | 3.98 |  | $ | — |
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2023 (1) | 925 |  |  | $ | 38.49 |  |  | 3.98 |  | $ | — |
Exercisable at September 30, 2023 (1) | 604 |  |  | $ | 44.06 |  |  | 2.80 |  | $ | — |

(1)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of the third quarter of 2023 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options)
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
that would have been received by the option holders had they all exercised their options on September 30, 2023. This amount will change based on the fair market value of our stock.
The assumptions we utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted average fair value of stock option grants were the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted average fair value of grants | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12.38 |  |  | $ | 10.83 |  |  | $ | 14.51 |
Risk-free interest rate | — | % |  | 2.82 | % |  | 3.86 | % |  | 1.93 | %
Expected volatility | — | % |  | 48.92 | % |  | 45.89 | % |  | 49.35 | %
Expected life in years | 0.00 |  | 5.19 |  | 4.70 |  | 4.73

As of September 30, 2023, we expect to recognize $3.2 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options over a remaining weighted-average life of 1.9 years.
Restricted Stock
Non-vested restricted stock award activity was as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2022 | 376 |  |  | $ | 36.82 |
Granted | 340 |  |  | 14.15 |
Vested | (196) |  |  | 36.86 |
Forfeited | (4) |  |  | 38.19 |
Non-vested at September 30, 2023 | 516 |  |  | $ | 21.83 |

As of September 30, 2023, we expect to recognize $8.2 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards over a weighted-average life of 1.8 years.
Note 15 — Performance-Based Common Stock Warrants
On March 9, 2016, we issued common stock purchase warrants to Comcast Corporation at a price of $54.55 per share. On January 1, 2023, all 275,000 of the vested and outstanding warrants expired unexercised.
Note 16 — Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense), net consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange contracts (1) | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (550) |  |  | $ | (2,788) |  |  | $ | 518 |
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions | (1,085) |  |  | 476 |  |  | 545 |  |  | (534) |
Other income (expense) | 215 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 476 |  |  | (372) |
Other income (expense), net | $ | (851) |  |  | $ | (54) |  |  | $ | (1,767) |  |  | $ | (388) |

(1)This represents the gains (losses) incurred on foreign currency hedging derivatives (see Note 18 for further details).
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Note 17 — Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Earnings (loss) per share was calculated as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
BASIC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (19,362) |  |  | $ | 7,234 |  |  | $ | (91,136) |  |  | $ | 7,312 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 12,911 |  |  | 12,656 |  |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,709 |
Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (1.50) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | (7.10) |  |  | $ | 0.58 |
DILUTED |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (19,362) |  |  | $ | 7,234 |  |  | $ | (91,136) |  |  | $ | 7,312 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic | 12,911 |  |  | 12,656 |  |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,709 |
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock and common stock warrants | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding on a diluted basis | 12,911 |  |  | 12,696 |  |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,797 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (1.50) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | (7.10) |  |  | $ | 0.57 |

The following number of stock options, shares of restricted stock and common stock warrants were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock options | 925 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 653 |
Restricted stock awards | 513 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 221 |
Common stock warrants | — |  |  | 275 |  |  | — |  |  | 275 |

Note 18 — Derivatives
The following table sets forth the total net fair value of derivatives:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100 |

We held foreign currency exchange contracts, which resulted in a net pre-tax gain of $19 thousand and pre-tax loss of $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had a net pre-tax loss of $2.8 million and pre-tax gain of $0.5 million, respectively.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Details of foreign currency exchange contracts held were as follows:

Date Held |  | Currency |  | Position Held |  | Notional Value (in millions) |  | Forward Rate |  | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Recorded at Balance Sheet Date (in thousands)(1) |  | Settlement Date
September 30, 2023 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | CNY |  | $ | 33.0 |  |  | 7.2593 |  |  | $ | (162) |  |  | October 20, 2023
September 30, 2023 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 18.0 |  |  | 1.0826 |  |  | $ | 419 |  |  | October 6, 2023
December 31, 2022 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 26.0 |  |  | 1.0529 |  |  | $ | (428) |  |  | January 6, 2023
December 31, 2022 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | CNY |  | $ | 31.0 |  |  | 7.0358 |  |  | $ | 528 |  |  | January 6, 2023

(1)Unrealized gains on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Unrealized losses on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in other accrued liabilities.
Note 19 — Business Combination
On February 17, 2022, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of Qterics, a U.S.-based provider of multimedia connectivity solutions and services for internet-enabled consumer products. Under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement ("APA"), we paid a cash purchase price of approximately $0.9 million. The acquisition of these assets will allow us to expand our customer base in the OEM market.
Our consolidated income statement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes net sales of $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and net income of $28 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, attributable to Qterics. Our consolidated income statement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes net sales of $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and net loss of $0.1 million and $25 thousand, respectively, attributable to Qterics for the period commencing on February 17, 2022.
In accordance with the terms of the APA, the initial purchase price was subject to adjustment for differences between the initial estimated working capital balances and the final adjusted balances. This calculation was completed at March 31, 2022.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Purchase Price Allocation
Using the acquisition method of accounting, the acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred was allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Management's purchase price allocation was as follows:

(In thousands) | Estimated Lives |  | Preliminary Fair Value
Accounts receivable |  |  | $ | 787 |
Property, plant and equipment | 5 years |  | 3 |
Customer relationships | 6 years |  | 1,340 |
Developed technology | 6 years |  | 440 |
Trade names | 6 years |  | 50 |
Goodwill (1) |  |  | 713 |
Operating lease ROU assets | 3 years |  | 149 |
Other assets |  |  | 2 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | (6) |
Short-term operating lease obligation |  |  | (48) |
Deferred revenue |  |  | (1,539) |
Long-term operating lease obligation |  |  | (101) |
Long-term deferred revenue |  |  | (851) |
Cash paid |  |  | $ | 939 |

(1)Our consolidated goodwill balance was impaired during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Please see Note 6 for further information.
Management's determination of the fair value of intangible assets acquired are based primarily on significant inputs not observable in an active market and thus represent Level 3 fair value measurements as defined under U.S. GAAP.
The fair value assigned to the Qterics developed technology and trade names intangible assets were determined utilizing a relief from royalty method. Under the relief from royalty method, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated to be the present value of the royalties saved because the company owns the intangible asset. Revenue projections and estimated useful life were significant inputs into estimating the value of the Qterics developed technology and trade names.
The fair value assigned to Qterics customer relationships intangible assets were determined utilizing a multi-period excess earnings approach. Under the multi-period excess earnings approach, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated to be the present value of future earnings attributable to the asset and utilizes revenue and cost projections, including an assumed contributory asset charge.
The developed technology, trade names and customer relationships intangible assets are expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Pro Forma Results (unaudited)
The unaudited pro forma financial information of combined results of our operations and the operations of Qterics as if the transaction had occurred on January 1, 2021, is immaterially different from the net sales, net income (loss) and income (loss) per share amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report.
Cautionary Statement
All statements in this report are made as of the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We make forward-looking statements in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information available to us through the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements include supply chain issues; other future demand and recovery trends and expectations; the delay by or failure of our customers to order products from us; continued availability of cash through borrowing under our revolving line of credit; the effects of natural or other events beyond our control, including the effects of political unrest, war, terrorist activities, other hostilities, or the outbreak of infectious diseases may have on us or the economy; the economic environment's including increases in interest rates and recessionary effects on us or our customers; the effects of doing business internationally; our expectations regarding our ability to meet our liquidity requirements; our capital expenditures and other investment spending expectations; and other statements that are preceded by, followed by, or include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "foresees," or similar expressions; and similar statements concerning anticipated future events and expectations that are not historical facts.
We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous evolving risks and uncertainties that we may not be able to accurately predict or assess, including the risks and uncertainties we describe in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 ("2022 Form 10-K"), Part II, Item 1A of this report, and other factors we describe from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
Overview
We design, develop, manufacture, ship and support control and sensor technology solutions and a broad line of universal control systems, audio-video ("AV") accessories, wireless security and smart home products that are used by the world's leading brands in the video services, consumer electronics, security, home automation, climate control and home appliance markets. Our product and technology offerings include:
•easy-to-use, voice-enabled, automatically-programmed universal remote controls with two-way radio frequency ("RF") as well as infrared ("IR") remote controls, sold primarily to video service providers (cable, satellite, Internet Protocol television ("IPTV") and Over the Top ("OTT") services), original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), retailers, and private label customers;
•integrated circuits ("ICs"), on which our software and universal device control database is embedded, sold primarily to OEMs, video service providers, and private label customers;
•software, firmware and technology solutions that can enable devices such as TVs, set-top boxes, audio systems, smart speakers, game consoles and other consumer electronic and smart home devices to wirelessly connect and interact with home networks and interactive services to control and deliver home entertainment, smart home services and device or system information;
•cloud-services that support our embedded software and hardware solutions (directly or indirectly) enabling real-time device identification and system control;
•intellectual property that we license primarily to OEMs and video service providers;
•proprietary and standards-based RF sensors designed for residential security, safety and home automation applications;
•embedded and cloud-enabled software for reliable firmware update and digital rights management validation services to major consumer electronics brands;
•wall-mount and handheld thermostat controllers and connected accessories for smart energy management systems, primarily to OEM customers, as well as hotels and hospitality system integrators; and
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•AV accessories sold, directly and indirectly, to consumers including universal remote controls, television wall mounts and stands and digital television antennas.
A key factor in creating products and software for control of entertainment devices is our proprietary device knowledge. Each year our device control library continues to grow across AV and smart home platforms, supporting many common smart home protocols, including IR, HDMI-CEC, Zigbee (Rf4CE), Z-Wave, IP, as well as Home Network and Cloud Control.
Our technology also includes other remote controlled home entertainment devices and home automation control modules, as well as wired Consumer Electronics Control ("CEC") and wireless IP control protocols commonly found on many of the latest HDMI and internet connected devices. Our proprietary software automatically detects, identifies and enables the appropriate control commands for many home entertainment and automation devices in the home. Our libraries are continuously updated with device control codes used in newly introduced AV and Internet of Things ("IoT") devices. These control codes are captured directly from original control devices or from the manufacturer's written specifications to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the library.
We operate as one business segment. We have one domestic subsidiary and 24 international subsidiaries located in Brazil, British Virgin Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong (3), India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico (2), the Netherlands, People's Republic of China (the "PRC") (6), Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam.
To recap our results for the three months ended September 30, 2023:
•Net sales decreased 27.9% to $107.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $148.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
•Our gross margin percentage decreased to 19.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 29.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
•Operating expenses, as a percentage of net sales, increased to 32.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 22.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
•Our operating loss was $14.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to operating income of $11.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our operating loss percentage was 13.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to an operating income percentage of 7.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
•Income tax expense was $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to income tax expense of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Our strategic business objectives for 2023 include the following:
•increase new product development efforts in high-growth HVAC OEM channel to grow our market penetration with existing customers and acquire new customers with the goal of achieving market share leadership in climate control channel within two years;
•broaden our home control and home automation product solutions with the aim of acquiring new customers that represent market share leaders in their respective channels and regions;
•expand our software and service platform, QuickSet, to deliver a complete smart entertainment and smart home managed service platform;
•invest in creating sustainable technology solutions that offer product differentiation across our global product portfolio;
•explore and expand product offerings in our core subscription broadcasting channel beyond traditional entertainment remote controls;
•seek acquisitions or strategic partners that complement and strengthen our existing business;
•seek opportunities to expand the sales and licensing of our products and technologies to new customers, markets and industries; and
•expedite our long-term factory planning strategy to optimize our manufacturing footprint and reduce our manufacturing concentration in the PRC.
We intend for the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations to provide information that will assist in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from period to period, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect our consolidated financial statements.
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Macroeconomic Conditions
We have been negatively impacted and we expect to continue to be negatively impacted by adverse macroeconomic conditions, in particular reduced consumer spending. Inflation has increased our component and logistics costs. While we have been able to increase sales prices on certain products, there may be a delay in our ability to increase prices and we may not be able to fully offset the impact of increased material costs which would negatively impact our gross profit. Our cost of labor, materials and borrowing may continue to increase, which would negatively impact our financial results. In addition, we expect recessionary pressures in the global economy will ultimately negatively impact our sales demand.
We continue to see supply chain improvements across most long-lead time components, including ICs, during 2023. While we expect this to continue, demand fluctuations and output may affect us in the future based on feedback from our supplier base. We continue to take production and inventory control steps as required to mitigate the effects caused by shortages including advanced purchasing of long-lead time components, as necessary; however, we cannot guarantee that these steps will allow us to meet some customer short-term requirements. As such, these supply constraints may continue to cause difficulty and delays in our ability to fulfill customer orders and may at times result in increased logistics costs.
Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets Impairment Trigger
Goodwill
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decline in our financial performance, the overall negative trend in the video service provider channel and an uncertain economic environment contributed to a significant decline in our market capitalization. We considered this to be an impairment trigger. We, therefore, performed a quantitative valuation analysis indicating a significant implied control premium over our market capitalization. As a result of the substantial implied control premium, we recorded an impairment charge of $49.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Long-Lived Assets
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, market conditions deteriorated and our stock price declined significantly, which we considered to be a trigger of potential impairment for our long-lived asset group. As such, we performed a recoverability test using non-discounted forecasted cash flows, which resulted in total cash flows in excess of the carrying value of the asset group by approximately 11% to 57%. This test indicated no recoverability issues.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, as part of our manufacturing footprint optimization efforts, we identified certain long-lived assets that were unused due to the closure of our southwestern China factory and unused at our Mexico factory, due to decreased demand in our U.S. market. As a result, we recorded impairment charges of $7.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
In addition, certain future events and circumstances, including adverse changes in general business and economic conditions in the United States and worldwide and changes in consumer behavior could result in changes to our assumptions and judgments used in the impairment tests. A downward revision of these assumptions could cause the total undiscounted cash flows of the long-lived asset group to fall below its respective carrying values and a non-cash impairment charge would be required. Such a charge may have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Manufacturing Footprint
We have been evaluating our global manufacturing footprint based upon our long-term factory planning strategy to (1) de-risk our reliance on a PRC-based supply chain and (2) reduce our manufacturing capacity due to decreased demand and a change in mix of our products. As part of this evaluation, we opened a new factory in Vietnam, which commenced manufacturing operations in June 2023 after incurring startup costs in the first half of 2023. With our Vietnam factory now open and meeting short-term operational targets, with the expectation of continued improvement, we stopped manufacturing activities in our southwestern China factory in September 2023 and have commenced its shutdown. We are also working to downsize our factory in Mexico due to decreased demand in our U.S. market. As a result of these decisions, we have recorded impairment charges of $7.7 million and severance and other restructuring expenses of $3.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023. We are continuing to evaluate our Mexico facility as part of our long-term factory planning strategy and any decisions may result in charges that could have a material effect on the consolidated the financial statements.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be significant and may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
An accounting estimate is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably may have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur may materially impact the financial statements. With the exception of the following policies, we do not believe that there have been any significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Goodwill
We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill on December 31 of each year and between annual evaluations if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such circumstances may include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) a decline in macroeconomic conditions, (3) a significant decline in our financial performance or (4) a significant decline in the price of our common stock for a sustained period of time.
We perform our annual impairment test, and any required interim tests, using the optional qualitative assessment, weighing the relative impact of factors that are specific to our single reporting unit including our market capitalization compared to control premiums, as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. Based on the qualitative assessment performed, we consider the aggregation of the relevant factors, and conclude whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than the carrying value. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than the carrying value, or if we decide not to elect the qualitative assessment, we perform a quantitative impairment test, using cash flow projections, discounted by our weighted-average cost of capital.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates. In addition, we make certain judgments and assumptions in determining our reporting unit. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates.
Long-Lived and Intangible Assets Impairment
We assess the impairment of long-lived and intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors considered important which may trigger an impairment review may include the following, but are not limited to: (1) significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; (2) significant changes in the manner or use of the assets, their physical condition or strategy for the overall business; (3) significant negative industry or economic trends; (4) a current expectation that a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of it previously estimated useful life; or (5) a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period.
We conduct an impairment review when we determine that the carrying value of a long-lived or intangible asset may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment. The asset is impaired if its carrying value exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. In assessing recoverability, we make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors.
Determining the recoverability of long-lived or intangible assets is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows and the future market value of our asset group. In addition, we make certain judgments
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and assumptions in determining our asset group. We base our recoverability estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our reported results of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales | 80.9 |  |  | 70.1 |  |  | 78.4 |  |  | 71.4 |
Gross profit | 19.1 |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | 28.6 |
Research and development expenses | 7.2 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | 5.8 |
Factory restructuring charges | 3.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 21.6 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 18.9 |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | — |
Operating income (loss) | (13.1) |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | (25.6) |  |  | 3.9 |
Interest income (expense), net | (1.1) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (0.3) |
Other income (expense), net | (0.8) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.1) |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (15.0) |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | (27.1) |  |  | 3.5 |
Provision for income taxes | 3.1 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.8 |
Net income (loss) | (18.1) | % |  | 4.9 | % |  | (28.2) | % |  | 1.7 | %

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $107.1 million compared to $148.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Lower customer demand in our home entertainment channel, consisting of video service providers and consumer electronics companies, was the primary reason for the decline in sales.
Gross profit. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $20.4 million compared to $44.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 19.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from 29.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was impacted by the impairment of machinery and equipment and leasehold improvements associated with the closure of our southwestern China factory, which ceased manufacturing operations in September 2023. We also incurred impairment charges relating to machinery and equipment at our Mexico factory, as we are reducing its capacity due to lower demand. Moreover, we experienced manufacturing inefficiencies associated with lower demand and because we recently commenced operations at our new Vietnam factory in the latter part of June 2023. Overall, operations in Vietnam have exceeded our expectations and we expect its production efficiency to be consistent with our other factories within a reasonable period of time. Partially offsetting these items was a stronger U.S dollar versus the Chinese Yuan Renminbi.
Research and development ("R&D") expenses. R&D expenses decreased slightly to $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in R&D expenses is primarily due to reduced external product development expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Factory restructuring charges. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded $3.7 million in expense, which included severance and non-severance closure expenses in our southern China factory, as well as expenses to move equipment from our Mexico factory to our Vietnam factory.
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Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses. SG&A expenses decreased to $23.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $24.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to a decrease in outside legal expenses related to a specific legal matter and variable expenses associated with lower sales volume.
Interest income (expense), net. Interest expense, net increased to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of a higher interest rate, partially offset by a lower average loan balance and increased interest income.
Other income (expense), net. Other expense, net was $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to an increase in net foreign currency losses, compared to other expense, net of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, relative to a pre-tax loss of $16.1 million, compared to income tax expense of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, relative to a pre-tax income of $10.8 million. Consistent with 2022, we expect the U.S. to be in a pre-tax loss position without benefit for the full year 2023 resulting in an elevated effective tax rate. In addition, in the third quarter of 2023, we recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $1.4 million against the deferred tax assets associated with our southwestern China factory due to its shutdown in September 2023.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net sales. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $322.9 million compared to $420.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Lower customer demand in our home entertainment channel, consisting of video service providers and consumer electronics companies, was the primary reason for the decline in sales.
Gross profit. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $69.7 million compared to $120.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 21.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from 28.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was impacted by the impairment of machinery and equipment and leasehold improvements associated with the closure of our southwestern China factory, which ceased manufacturing operations in September 2023. We also incurred impairment charges relating to machinery and equipment at our Mexico factory, as we are reducing its capacity due to lower demand. Moreover, we experienced manufacturing inefficiencies associated with lower demand and because we recently commenced operations at our new Vietnam factory in the latter part of June 2023. Overall, operations in Vietnam have exceeded our expectations and we expect its production efficiency to be consistent with our other factories within a reasonable period of time. We also incurred start-up costs in the first half of 2023 associated with our Vietnam factory prior to it commencing operations. Partially offsetting these items was a stronger U.S. dollar versus the Chinese Yuan Renminbi.
R&D expenses. R&D expenses remained consistent at $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Factory restructuring charges. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded $3.7 million in expense, which included severance and non-severance closure expenses in our southern China factory, as well as expenses to move equipment from our Mexico factory to our Vietnam factory.
SG&A expenses. SG&A expenses decreased to $75.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $79.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to a decrease in outside legal expenses related to a specific legal matter and variable expenses associated with lower sales volume.
Goodwill impairment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $49.1 million due to our market capitalization being significantly less than the carrying value of our equity.
Interest income (expense), net. Interest expense, net increased to $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of a higher interest rate, partially offset by a lower average loan balance and increased interest income.
Other income (expense), net. Other expense, net was $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to net foreign currency losses partially offset by fixed asset sales, compared to other expense, net of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to a one-time expense which we recovered in the fourth quarter 2022.
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Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, relative to a pre-tax loss of $87.7 million, compared to income tax expense of $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, relative to a pre-tax income of $14.9 million. Consistent with 2022, we expect the U.S. to be in a pre-tax loss position without benefit for the full year 2023 resulting in an elevated effective tax rate. In the first quarter 2023, we received the high technology exemption approval at our Yangzhou entity in China resulting in a lower tax rate. Consequently, the deferred tax assets at our Yangzhou entity were remeasured resulting in an expense. Further, in the first quarter 2023, we also received a discrete benefit related to our goodwill impairment. In the second quarter of 2023, we received multiple tax incentives at two of our manufacturing entities in China approximating $1.6 million. Partially offsetting this amount, in the third quarter of 2023, we recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $1.4 million against the deferred tax assets associated with our southwestern China factory due to its shutdown in September 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Cash
Historically, we have utilized cash provided from operations as our primary source of liquidity, as internally generated cash flows have been sufficient to support our business operations, capital expenditures and discretionary share repurchases. In addition, we have utilized our revolving line of credit to fund an increased level of share repurchases and acquisitions. We anticipate that we will continue to utilize both cash flows from operations and our revolving line of credit to support ongoing business operations, capital expenditures, expenses associated with our factory restructuring plans and future discretionary share repurchases. We believe our current cash balances, anticipated cash flow to be generated from operations and available borrowing resources will be sufficient to cover expected cash outlays for at least the next twelve months and for the foreseeable future thereafter; however, because our cash is located in various jurisdictions throughout the world, we may at times need to increase borrowing from our revolving line of credit or take on additional debt until we are able to transfer cash among our various entities.
Our liquidity is subject to various risks including the risks discussed under "Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk."

(In thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 60,079 |  |  | $ | 66,740 |
Available borrowing resources | $ | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 37,000 |

Cash and cash equivalents – On September 30, 2023, we had $10.6 million, $3.6 million, $17.6 million, $15.7 million and $12.6 million of cash and cash equivalents in North America, the PRC, Asia (excluding the PRC), Europe, and South America, respectively. We attempt to mitigate our exposure to liquidity, credit and other relevant risks by placing our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions we believe are high quality.
Our cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world. The majority of our cash is held outside of the United States and may be repatriated to the United States but, under current law, may be subject to federal and state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Additionally, repatriation of some foreign balances is restricted by local laws.
Available Borrowing Resources – Our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank") provides for a $125.0 million revolving line of credit ("Credit Line") that expires on April 30, 2024. The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit, of which there were none at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, we had an outstanding balance of $75.0 million on our Credit Line and $50.0 million of availability.
See Note 8 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information regarding our Credit Line.
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Sources and Uses of Cash
Our cash flows were as follows:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | 20,076 |  |  | $ | 19,973 |  |  | $ | 103 |
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (11,483) |  |  | 4,170 |  |  | (15,653) |
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (13,888) |  |  | (34,591) |  |  | 20,703 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (1,366) |  |  | 2,919 |  |  | (4,285) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (6,661) |  |  | $ | (7,529) |  |  | $ | 868 |

| September 30, 2023 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 60,079 |  |  | $ | (6,661) |  |  | $ | 66,740 |
Working capital | $ | 99,873 |  |  | $ | (21,694) |  |  | $ | 121,567 |

Net cash provided by operating activities was $20.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net loss was $91.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which includes the impairment of goodwill of $49.1 million and long-lived assets of $7.8 million, compared to net income of $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Inventories decreased by $45.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an increase of $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This significant decrease in inventories is primarily the result of cord cutting, as there is less demand for our video service products. In addition, lead times for components and raw materials have normalized, enabling more efficient production planning. Our inventory turns increased slightly to 2.9 turns at September 30, 2023 from 2.5 turns at September 30, 2022. Changes in accounts receivable and contract assets resulted in cash outflows of $11.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, largely as a result of an increase in days sales outstanding compared to the fourth quarter 2021. Days sales outstanding were 92 days at September 30, 2023 compared to 80 days at September 30, 2022. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in cash outflows of $21.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due primarily to a decrease in inventory purchases. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in cash outflows of $17.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the timing of inventory purchases and related payments.
Net cash used for investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $11.5 million, of which $6.8 million and $4.7 million was used for capital expenditures and the development of patents, respectively. Net cash used for investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $15.7 million, of which $7.5 million, $0.9 million, $10.1 million and $4.7 million was used for our the purchase of our term deposit investment, acquisition of Qterics Inc., capital expenditures and the development of patents, respectively. Offsetting these amounts was $7.6 million received upon the redemption of our term deposit investment.
Future cash flows used for investing activities are largely dependent on the timing and amount of capital expenditures. We estimate that we will incur expenditures of between $1.0 million and $3.0 million during the remainder of 2023, which includes amounts associated with our factory in Vietnam, which commenced operations during the second quarter of 2023.
Net cash used for financing activities was $13.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $20.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The primary financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were borrowings and repayments on our Credit Line and repurchases of shares of our common stock. Net repayments on our Credit Line were $13.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to net borrowings on our Credit Line of $32.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 61,298 shares of our common stock at a cost of $0.9 million compared to our repurchase of 358,035 shares at a cost of $11.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Future cash flows used for financing activities are affected by our financing needs, which are largely dependent on the level of cash provided by or used in operations and the level of cash used in investing activities. Additionally, future repurchases of shares of our common stock related to employee stock compensation programs will impact our cash flows used for financing activities. See Note 13 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information regarding our share repurchase programs.
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Material Cash Commitments – The following table summarizes our material cash commitments and the effect these commitments are expected to have on our cash flows in future periods:

| Payments Due by Period
(In thousands) | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1 - 3 years |  | 4 - 5 years |  | After 5 years
Credit Line | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | 75,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Inventory purchases | 10,277 |  |  | 10,277 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Operating lease obligations | 19,276 |  |  | 6,028 |  |  | 7,384 |  |  | 3,406 |  |  | 2,458 |
Property, plant, and equipment purchases | 1,018 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Software license | 3,414 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,103 |  |  | 1,418 |
Total material cash commitments | $ | 108,985 |  |  | $ | 92,533 |  |  | $ | 8,067 |  |  | $ | 4,509 |  |  | $ | 3,876 |

We anticipate meeting our material cash commitments with our cash generated from operations and available borrowing resources, including our Credit Line.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of these risks and the use of financial instruments to mitigate our risk exposure.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our debt. From time to time, we borrow amounts on our Credit Line for working capital and other liquidity needs. Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, we may elect to pay interest on outstanding borrowings on our Credit Line based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or a base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank) plus an applicable margin as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement. Accordingly, changes in interest rates would impact our results of operations in future periods. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have an approximately $0.6 million annual impact on net income based on our outstanding Credit Line balance at September 30, 2023.
We cannot make any assurances that we will not need to borrow additional amounts in the future or that funds from the existing Credit Line will continue to be available to us or that other funds will be extended to us under comparable terms or at all. If funding is not available to us at a time when we need to borrow, we would have to use our cash reserves, including potentially repatriating cash from foreign jurisdictions, which may have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
At September 30, 2023, we had wholly-owned subsidiaries in Brazil, the British Virgin Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, the PRC, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our sales commitments, anticipated sales, anticipated purchases, operating expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The most significant foreign currencies to our operations are the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Mexican Peso, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Brazilian Real, Japanese Yen, Korean Won and Vietnamese Dong. Our most significant foreign currency exposure is to the Chinese Yuan Renminbi as this is the functional currency of our China-based factories where the majority of our products are manufactured. If the Chinese Yuan Renminbi were to strengthen against the U.S. Dollar, our manufacturing costs would increase. We are generally a net payor of the Mexican Peso, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Japanese Yen, Korean Won and Vietnamese Dong and therefore benefit from a stronger U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a weaker U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. For the Euro, British Pound and Brazilian Real, we are generally a net receiver of the foreign currency and therefore benefit from a weaker U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. Even where we are a net receiver, a weaker U.S. Dollar may adversely affect certain expense figures taken alone.
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From time to time, we enter into foreign currency exchange agreements to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in our forecasted income and cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The terms of these foreign currency exchange agreements normally last less than nine months. We recognize the gains and losses on these foreign currency contracts in the same period as the remeasurement losses and gains of the related foreign currency-denominated exposures.
It is difficult to estimate the impact of fluctuations on reported income, as it depends on the opening and closing rates, the average net balance sheet positions held in a foreign currency and the amount of income generated in local currency. We routinely forecast what these balance sheet positions and income generated in local currency may be and we take steps to minimize exposure as we deem appropriate. Alternatively, we may choose not to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with our foreign currency exposures, primarily if such exposure acts as a natural foreign currency hedge for other offsetting amounts denominated in the same currency or the currency is difficult or too expensive to hedge. We do not enter into any derivative transactions for speculative purposes.
The sensitivity of earnings and cash flows to variability in exchange rates is assessed by applying an approximate range of potential rate fluctuations to our assets, obligations and projected results of operations denominated in foreign currency with all other variables held constant. The analysis includes all of our foreign currency contracts offset by the underlying exposures. Based on our overall foreign currency rate exposure at September 30, 2023, we believe that movements in foreign currency rates may have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations. We estimate that if the exchange rates for the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Mexican Peso, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Brazilian Real, Japanese Yen, Korean Won and Vietnamese Dong relative to the U.S. Dollar fluctuate 10% from September 30, 2023, net income in the fourth quarter of 2023 would fluctuate by approximately $5.2 million.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Rule 13a-15(d) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") defines "disclosure controls and procedures" to mean controls and procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. The definition further states that disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to lawsuits arising out of the conduct of our business. The discussion of our litigation matters contained in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 12" is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The reader should carefully consider, in connection with the other information in this report, the risk factors discussed in "Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors" of the Company's 2022 Form 10-K and in the periodic reports we have filed since then. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from those stated in forward-looking statements contained in this document and elsewhere.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The following table sets forth, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, our total stock repurchases, average price paid per share and the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased on the open market under our plans or programs:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Weighted Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023 |  | 362 |  |  | $ | 10.31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023 |  | 2,963 |  |  | 9.95 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 3,325 |  |  | $ | 9.99 |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)Of the repurchases in July and August, 362 and 2,963 shares, respectively, represent common shares of the Company that were owned and tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted shares.
(2)On October 26, 2023, our Board approved a new share repurchase program with an effective date of November 7, 2023 (the "October 2023 Program"). Pursuant to the October 2023 Program, we are authorized to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock. Per the terms of the October 2023 Program, we may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated share repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, some or all of which could be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., and Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: | November 7, 2023 |  | UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
|  |  | By: |  | /s/ Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer
|  |  |  |  | and principal accounting officer)

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