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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | Stock-based compensation expense by statement of operations caption and the related income tax benefit were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cost of sales | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 156 |
Research and development expenses | 1,098 |  |  | 1,342 |  |  | 1,253 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Employees | 6,980 |  |  | 7,257 |  |  | 6,997 |
Outside directors | 606 |  |  | 1,259 |  |  | 1,563 |
Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense | $ | 8,809 |  |  | $ | 10,013 |  |  | $ | 9,969 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 1,369 |  |  | $ | 1,660 |  |  | $ | 1,718 |
Assumptions Used and Weighted Average Fair Value of Stock Option Grants | The assumptions we utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted average fair value of stock option grants were the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Weighted average fair value of grants | $ | 10.83 |  |  | $ | 14.51 |  |  | $ | 23.97 |
Risk-free interest rate | 3.86 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 0.41 | %
Expected volatility | 45.89 | % |  | 49.35 | % |  | 48.49 | %
Expected life in years | 4.70 |  | 4.73 |  | 4.62
Stock Option Activity | Stock option activity was as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Number of Options (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000's) |  | Number of Options (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000's) |  | Number of Options (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000's)
Outstanding at beginning of the year | 782 |  |  | $ | 44.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 800 |  |  | $ | 45.55 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 774 |  |  | $ | 43.01 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 235 |  |  | 24.77 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 139 |  |  | 33.42 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |  | 59.43 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (80) |  |  | 19.25 |  |  |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | (54) |  |  | 30.04 |  |  |  |  | $ | 931 |
Forfeited/canceled/expired | (116) |  |  | 46.59 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (77) |  |  | 64.81 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at end of the year (1) | 901 |  |  | $ | 38.78 |  |  | 3.67 |  | $ | — |  |  | 782 |  |  | $ | 44.16 |  |  | 3.45 |  | $ | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | $ | 45.55 |  |  | 3.15 |  | $ | 3,780 |
Vested and expected to vest at the end of the year (1) | 901 |  |  | $ | 38.78 |  |  | 3.67 |  | $ | — |  |  | 782 |  |  | $ | 44.16 |  |  | 3.45 |  | $ | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | $ | 45.55 |  |  | 3.15 |  | $ | 3,780 |
Exercisable at the end of the year (1) | 620 |  |  | $ | 44.06 |  |  | 2.60 |  | $ | — |  |  | 600 |  |  | $ | 45.77 |  |  | 2.61 |  | $ | — |  |  | 656 |  |  | $ | 44.08 |  |  | 2.58 |  | $ | 3,608 |
(1)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of 2023, 2022 and 2021 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they all exercised their options on December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. This amount will change based on the fair market value of our stock.
Significant Option Groups Outstanding and Related Weighted Average Exercise Price and Life Information | Significant option groups outstanding at December 31, 2023 and the related weighted average exercise price and life information were as follows:
|  | Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number Outstanding (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Number Exercisable (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
$24.77 to $34.56 |  | 503 |  |  | 4.79 |  | $ | 27.77 |  |  | 227 |  |  | $ | 29.35 |
$44.95 to $46.17 |  | 207 |  |  | 2.60 |  | 45.59 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 45.59 |
$52.85 to $62.70 |  | 191 |  |  | 2.38 |  | 60.31 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 60.34 |
|  | 901 |  |  | 3.67 |  | $ | 38.78 |  |  | 620 |  |  | $ | 44.06 |
Non-Vested Restricted Stock Awards Activity | Non-vested restricted stock award activity was as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Shares (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Shares (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Shares (in 000's) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of the year | 376 |  |  | $ | 36.82 |  |  | 310 |  |  | $ | 44.41 |  |  | 374 |  |  | $ | 34.53 |
Granted | 340 |  |  | 14.15 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 31.05 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 56.90 |
Vested | (211) |  |  | 35.77 |  |  | (191) |  |  | 41.09 |  |  | (211) |  |  | 36.35 |
Forfeited | (19) |  |  | 17.72 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 43.22 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 39.65 |
Non-vested at end of the year | 486 |  |  | $ | 21.66 |  |  | 376 |  |  | $ | 36.82 |  |  | 310 |  |  | $ | 44.41 |
Detailed Information Regarding Active Stock Incentive Plans | Detailed information regarding our active Stock Incentive Plans was as follows at December 31, 2023:
Name |  | Approval Date |  | Total Shares Available for Grant Under the Plan |  | Remaining Shares Available for Grant Under the Plan |  | Outstanding Shares Granted Under the Plan
2014 Stock Incentive Plan |  | 6/12/2014 |  | 1,100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,975 |
2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (1) |  | 6/4/2018 |  | 2,289,479 |  |  | 336,566 |  |  | 1,197,891 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 336,566 |  |  | 1,387,866 |
(1)The 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan was amended in June 2021 to add an additional 1,100,000 shares, as approved by our stockholders.

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of option exercise prices, by grouped ranges, including the upper and lower limits of the price range, the number of shares under option, weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual option terms. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2 + Details
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