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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-21044
_______________________________________
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  |  | 33-0204817
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

15147 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite H300, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254-2494
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(480) 530-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
_____________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | UEIC | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 12,890,716 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant were outstanding on May 2, 2024.

UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
INDEX

| Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) Statements | 5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 32
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 32
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 32
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 33
Item 5. Other Information | 33
Item 6. Exhibits | 34
Signatures | 35

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share-related data)
(Unaudited)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,914 |  |  | $ | 42,751 |
Accounts receivable, net | 99,481 |  |  | 112,596 |
Contract assets | 5,664 |  |  | 4,240 |
Inventories | 83,236 |  |  | 88,273 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Note 12) | 11,755 |  |  | 7,325 |
Income tax receivable | 3,180 |  |  | 3,666 |
Total current assets | 230,230 |  |  | 258,851 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 42,144 |  |  | 44,619 |
Intangible assets, net | 25,132 |  |  | 25,349 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 17,239 |  |  | 18,693 |
Deferred income taxes | 6,727 |  |  | 6,787 |
Other assets | 1,469 |  |  | 1,573 |
Total assets | $ | 322,941 |  |  | $ | 355,872 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 49,756 |  |  | $ | 57,033 |
Line of credit | 46,000 |  |  | 55,000 |
Accrued compensation | 18,389 |  |  | 20,305 |
Accrued sales discounts, rebates and royalties | 4,018 |  |  | 5,796 |
Accrued income taxes | 774 |  |  | 1,833 |
Other accrued liabilities | 19,729 |  |  | 21,181 |
Total current liabilities | 138,666 |  |  | 161,148 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Operating lease obligations | 11,477 |  |  | 12,560 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,984 |  |  | 1,992 |
Income tax payable | 434 |  |  | 435 |
Other long-term liabilities | 725 |  |  | 817 |
Total liabilities | 153,286 |  |  | 176,952 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 25,508,370 and 25,346,383 shares issued on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 255 |  |  | 253 |
Paid-in capital | 339,141 |  |  | 336,938 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 12,599,981 and 12,459,845 shares on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | (371,203) |  |  | (369,973) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (22,349) |  |  | (20,758) |
Retained earnings | 223,811 |  |  | 232,460 |
Total stockholders' equity | 169,655 |  |  | 178,920 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 322,941 |  |  | $ | 355,872 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 91,900 |  |  | $ | 108,377 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 65,912 |  |  | 83,684 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 25,988 |  |  | 24,693 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 7,821 |  |  | 8,360 |  |  |  |  |
Factory restructuring charges | 1,064 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 24,011 |  |  | 26,782 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | 49,075 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (6,908) |  |  | (59,524) |  |  |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | (922) |  |  | (975) |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | (80) |  |  | (214) |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (7,910) |  |  | (60,713) |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 739 |  |  | 650 |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,649) |  |  | $ | (61,363) |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.67) |  |  | $ | (4.81) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.67) |  |  | $ | (4.81) |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 12,902 |  | 12,749 |  |  |  |
Diluted | 12,902 |  | 12,749 |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,649) |  |  | $ | (61,363) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,591) |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (10,240) |  |  | $ | (59,447) |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

| Common Stock Issued |  | Common Stock in Treasury |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Totals
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 25,346 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | (12,460) |  |  | $ | (369,973) |  |  | $ | 336,938 |  |  | $ | (20,758) |  |  | $ | 232,460 |  |  | $ | 178,920 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,649) |  |  | (8,649) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,591) |  |  |  |  | (1,591) |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 156 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 299 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 301 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (140) |  |  | (1,230) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,230) |
Shares issued to directors | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,904 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,904 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | 25,508 |  |  | 255 |  |  | (12,600) |  |  | (371,203) |  |  | 339,141 |  |  | (22,349) |  |  | 223,811 |  |  | 169,655 |

The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

| Common Stock Issued |  | Common Stock in Treasury |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Totals
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | (12,295) |  |  | $ | (368,194) |  |  | $ | 326,839 |  |  | $ | (21,187) |  |  | $ | 330,698 |  |  | $ | 268,406 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (61,363) |  |  | (61,363) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  |  | 1,916 |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan and compensation | 189 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 352 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (53) |  |  | (812) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (812) |
Shares issued to directors | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Employee and director stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,540 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,540 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 25,197 |  |  | 252 |  |  | (12,348) |  |  | (369,006) |  |  | 329,729 |  |  | (19,271) |  |  | 269,335 |  |  | 211,039 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,649) |  |  | $ | (61,363) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,668 |  |  | 5,692 |
Provision for credit losses | — |  |  | 1 |
Deferred income taxes | (3) |  |  | 701 |
Shares issued for employee benefit plan | 301 |  |  | 352 |
Employee and director stock-based compensation | 1,904 |  |  | 2,540 |
Impairment of goodwill | — |  |  | 49,075 |
Impairment of long-lived assets | — |  |  | 49 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and contract assets | 11,007 |  |  | 7,723 |
Inventories | 4,132 |  |  | 18,056 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (3,051) |  |  | 1,408 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (12,517) |  |  | (26,051) |
Accrued income taxes | (567) |  |  | (208) |
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | (2,775) |  |  | (2,025) |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment | (1,347) |  |  | (3,261) |
Acquisitions of intangible assets | (1,019) |  |  | (1,570) |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (2,366) |  |  | (4,831) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings under line of credit | 24,000 |  |  | 14,000 |
Repayments on line of credit | (33,000) |  |  | (17,000) |
Treasury stock purchased | (1,230) |  |  | (812) |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (10,230) |  |  | (3,812) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (466) |  |  | 834 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (15,837) |  |  | (9,834) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 42,751 |  |  | 66,740 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 26,914 |  |  | $ | 56,906 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 2,065 |
Interest paid | $ | 1,368 |  |  | $ | 1,413 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries contain all the adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except for the impairment and restructuring charges, as described in notes 6 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements. Information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). As used herein, the terms "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Universal Electronics Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates to the contrary.
Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and the "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in Items 1A, 7, 7A, and 8, respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition; allowance for credit losses; inventory valuation; impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill; business combinations; income taxes and related valuation allowances and stock-based compensation expense. Actual results may differ from these assumptions and estimates, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be material.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
With the exception of the following policy, our significant accounting policies are unchanged from those disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation awards as expense in proportion to vesting during the derived service period, which ranges from one to three years. Forfeitures of stock-based awards are accounted for as they occur. Upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock awards or the vesting of performance stock awards, newly issued shares of our common stock are issued. Our stock-based compensation awards are made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and are not timed or coordinated with the release of material, non-public information.
We determine the fair value of restricted stock awards with a service condition utilizing the average of the high and low trading prices of our common shares on the date they were granted.
The fair value of performance stock awards with a market condition is determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model as of the grant date. The assumptions utilized in a Monte Carlo simulation model include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, term of the award and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate over the expected term is equal to the prevailing U.S. Treasury note rate over the same period. Expected volatility is determined utilizing historical volatility. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero since we have not historically declared dividends and do not have any plans to declare dividends in the future.
The fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions utilized in the Black-Scholes model include the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected life in years and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate over the expected term is equal to the prevailing U.S. Treasury note rate over the same period. Expected volatility is determined utilizing historical volatility over a period of time equal to the expected life of the stock option. Expected life is computed utilizing historical exercise patterns and post-vesting behavior. The dividend
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
yield is assumed to be zero since we have not historically declared dividends and do not have any plans to declare dividends in the future. See Note 14 for further information concerning stock-based compensation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
None.
Recent Accounting Updates Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures." The guidance enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses by requiring the disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods, and permits more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions. All disclosure requirements are also required for companies with a single reportable segment. The guidance is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption of the guidance is permitted, including adoption in any interim periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and its impact to the financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes - Improvements to Tax Disclosures." The guidance expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and its impact to the financial statements and related disclosures.
We have assessed all other ASUs issued but not yet adopted and concluded that those not disclosed are not relevant to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact.
Note 2 — Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents were held in the following geographic regions:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
North America | $ | 3,303 |  |  | $ | 8,460 |
People's Republic of China ("PRC") | 6,930 |  | 11,102
Asia (excluding the PRC) | 2,210 |  | 2,427
Europe | 2,584 |  | 8,145
South America | 11,887 |  | 12,617
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,914 |  |  | $ | 42,751 |

Note 3 — Revenue and Accounts Receivable, Net
Revenue Details
The pattern of revenue recognition was as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Goods and services transferred at a point in time | $ | 74,404 |  |  | $ | 86,681 |  |  |  |  |
Goods and services transferred over time | 17,496 |  | 21,696 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 91,900 |  |  | $ | 108,377 |  |  |  |  |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Our net sales to external customers by geographic area were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 26,712 |  |  | $ | 33,429 |  |  |  |  |
Asia (excluding PRC) | 18,884 |  | 27,100 |  |  |  |  |
Europe | 17,539 |  | 24,026 |  |  |  |
People's Republic of China | 14,401 |  | 12,128 |  |  |  |
Latin America | 8,241 |  | 6,948 |  |  |  |
Other | 6,123 |  | 4,746 |  |  |  |
Total net sales | $ | 91,900 |  |  | $ | 108,377 |  |  |  |  |

Specific identification of the customer billing location was the basis used for attributing revenues from external customers to geographic areas.
Net sales to the following customers totaled more than 10% of our net sales:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |  | $ (thousands) |  | % of Net Sales |
Daikin Industries Ltd. | 12,109 |  |  | 13.2 | % |  | $ | 19,667 |  |  | 18.1 | % |
Charter Communications | 10,194 |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | (1) |  | (1) |
Comcast Corporation | (1) |  | (1) |  | $ | 14,720 |  |  | 13.6 | % |

(1) Sales associated with this customer did not total more than 10% of our net sales for the indicated period.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Trade receivables, gross | $ | 93,840 |  |  | $ | 106,182 |
Allowance for credit losses | (803) |  |  | (815) |
Allowance for sales returns | (410) |  |  | (532) |
Trade receivables, net | 92,627 |  |  | 104,835 |
Other (1) | 6,854 |  |  | 7,761 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 99,481 |  |  | $ | 112,596 |

(1)Other accounts receivable is primarily comprised of value added tax receivables, interest receivable and supplier rebate receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 957 |
Additions (reductions) to costs and expenses | — |  |  | 1 |
Write-offs/Foreign exchange effects | (12) |  |  | (178) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 780 |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
There were no significant customers that totaled more than 10% of our accounts receivable at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Contract Liabilities
We have current and non-current contract liability balances primarily relating to our firmware update provisioning and digital rights management validation services.
Changes in the carrying amount of contract liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,501 |  |  | $ | 1,931 |
Payments received | 1,837 |  |  | 1,687 |
Revenue recognized | (938) |  |  | (916) |
Foreign exchange effects | (16) |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 4,384 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |

Note 4 — Inventories
Inventories were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Raw materials | $ | 29,476 |  |  | $ | 32,794 |
Components | 10,979 |  |  | 11,061 |
Work in process | 3,438 |  |  | 3,827 |
Finished goods | 39,343 |  |  | 40,591 |
Inventories | $ | 83,236 |  |  | $ | 88,273 |

There were no purchases from suppliers that totaled more than 10% of our total inventory purchases for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. There were no trade payable balances from suppliers that totaled more than 10% of our total accounts payable at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Note 5 — Long-lived Tangible Assets
Long-lived tangible assets by geographic area, which include property, plant, and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
United States | $ | 12,243 |  |  | $ | 13,245 |
People's Republic of China | 25,992 |  |  | 26,679 |
Mexico | 8,732 |  |  | 9,227 |
Vietnam | 8,773 |  |  | 10,089 |
All other countries | 3,643 |  |  | 4,072 |
Total long-lived tangible assets | $ | 59,383 |  |  | $ | 63,312 |

Property, plant, and equipment are shown net of accumulated depreciation of $165.0 million and $163.3 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Depreciation expense was $3.4 million and $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decline in our financial performance, overall negative trend in the video service provider channel and an uncertain economic environment contributed to a significant decline in our market capitalization. We considered this to be an impairment trigger. We, therefore, performed a quantitative valuation analysis under an income approach to estimate our reporting unit's fair value. The income approach used projections of estimated operating results and cash flows that were discounted using a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. The main assumptions supporting the cash flow projections include, but are not limited to, revenue growth, margins, discount rate, and terminal growth rate. The financial projections reflect our best estimate of economic and market conditions over the projected period, including forecasted revenue growth, margins, capital expenditures, depreciation and amortization. In addition to our valuation analysis under an income approach, we also considered the implied control premium compared to our market capitalization. We determined that the implied control premium over our market capitalization to be substantial, therefore, we recorded an impairment charge of $49.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Intangible Assets, Net
The components of intangible assets, net were as follows:

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(In thousands) | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net |  | Gross (1) |  | Accumulated Amortization (1) |  | Net
Capitalized software development costs | $ | 2,246 |  |  | $ | (561) |  |  | $ | 1,685 |  |  | $ | 2,161 |  |  | $ | (421) |  |  | $ | 1,740 |
Customer relationships | 6,340 |  |  | (3,984) |  |  | 2,356 |  |  | 6,340 |  |  | (3,803) |  |  | 2,537 |
Developed and core technology | 740 |  |  | (327) |  |  | 413 |  |  | 4,220 |  |  | (3,754) |  |  | 466 |
Patents | 33,917 |  |  | (13,321) |  |  | 20,596 |  |  | 33,195 |  |  | (12,686) |  |  | 20,509 |
Trademarks and trade names | 450 |  |  | (368) |  |  | 82 |  |  | 450 |  |  | (353) |  |  | 97 |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 43,693 |  |  | $ | (18,561) |  |  | $ | 25,132 |  |  | $ | 46,366 |  |  | $ | (21,017) |  |  | $ | 25,349 |

(1)This table excludes the gross value of fully amortized intangible assets totaling $48.5 million and $45.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Amortization expense is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, except amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs, which is recorded in cost of sales. Amortization expense by statement of operations caption was as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,096 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  |  |  |
Total amortization expense | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | 1,065 |  |  |  |  |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Estimated future annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets at March 31, 2024, was as follows:

(In thousands) |
2024 (remaining 9 months) | $ | 3,920 |
2025 | 4,677 |
2026 | 4,030 |
2027 | 3,219 |
2028 | 2,591 |
Thereafter | 6,695 |
Total | $ | 25,132 |

Note 7 — Leases
We have entered into various operating lease agreements for automobiles, offices and manufacturing facilities throughout the world. At March 31, 2024, our operating leases had remaining lease terms of up to 37 years, including any reasonably probable extensions.
Lease balances within our consolidated balance sheet were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 17,239 |  |  | $ | 18,693 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Other accrued liabilities | $ | 4,529 |  |  | $ | 4,813 |
Long-term operating lease obligations | 11,477 |  |  | 12,560 |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 16,006 |  |  | $ | 17,373 |

Operating lease expense, including variable and short-term lease costs which were insignificant to the total, operating lease cash
flows and supplemental cash flow information were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 792 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,151 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating lease expense | $ | 1,859 |  |  | $ | 1,868 |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ | 1,745 |  |  | $ | 1,831 |  |  |  |  |

The weighted average remaining lease liability term and the weighted average discount rate were as follows:

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Weighted average lease liability term (in years) | 4.9 |  | 4.9
Weighted average discount rate | 5.06 | % |  | 5.04 | %

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and thereafter to the operating lease liabilities recognized in our consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024. The reconciliation excludes short-term leases that are not recorded on the balance sheet.

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024
2024 (remaining 9 months) | $ | 4,007 |
2025 | 4,448 |
2026 | 3,426 |
2027 | 2,681 |
2028 | 1,228 |
Thereafter | 2,479 |
Total lease payments | 18,269 |
Less: imputed interest | (2,263) |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 16,006 |

At March 31, 2024, we did not have any operating leases that had not yet commenced.
Note 8 — Line of Credit
On March 13, 2024, we executed an amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank"), which provides for a revolving line of credit ("Credit Line") through April 30, 2025. We expect to renew our credit agreement with U.S. Bank prior to its expiration. The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures.
The Credit Line has a maximum availability up to $100.0 million, subject to meeting certain financial conditions, including an accounts receivable coverage ratio ("AR Ratio"). This AR Ratio is calculated monthly and adjusts the current Credit Line total availability. At March 31, 2024, the Credit Line total availability was $52.2 million based upon the AR Ratio. At April 3, 2024, the Credit Line total availability was $61.3 million based upon the AR Ratio.
Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit, of which there were none at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
All obligations under the Credit Line are secured by substantially all of our U.S. personal property and tangible and intangible assets, as well as a guaranty of the Credit Line by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Universal Electronics BV.
Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, we may elect to pay interest on the Credit Line based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a 3.00% margin. The amendment also introduces a facility fee of 0.25%. The interest rates in effect at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were 8.31% and 8.06%, respectively.
The Second Amended Credit Agreement includes financial covenants and contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. From January 1, 2024, to September 30, 2024, our covenants are based upon EBITDA. From October 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024, our covenants are based upon a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Subsequent to December 31, 2024, our covenants are based upon a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum cash flow leverage ratio. At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the Second Amended Credit Agreement.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $46.0 million and $55.0 million outstanding under the Credit Line, respectively. At March 31, 2024, our remaining availability under our Credit Line was $6.2 million. Our total interest expense on borrowings was $1.3 million and $1.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 9 — Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $0.7 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The difference between the Company's effective tax rate and the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily related to the mix of pre-tax income and loss among jurisdictions and permanent tax items including a tax on global intangible low-taxed income. The Company's income tax provision can be affected by other factors, including changes in the tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in the valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, and other discrete items.
At December 31, 2023, we assessed the realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. At December 31, 2023, we had a three-year cumulative operating loss for our U.S. operations and, accordingly, have provided a full valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there was no change to our U.S. valuation allowance position.
At March 31, 2024, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $3.4 million, including interest and penalties, which, if not for the valuation allowance recorded against the state Research and Experimentation income tax credit, would affect the annual effective tax rate if these tax benefits are realized. Further, we are unaware of any positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase within the next twelve months. Based on U.S. federal, state and foreign statute expirations in various jurisdictions, we do not anticipate a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless they are expected to be paid within one year.
We have elected to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are immaterial at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and are included in the unrecognized tax benefits.
Note 10 — Accrued Compensation
The components of accrued compensation were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Accrued bonus | $ | 1,417 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |
Accrued commission | 336 |  |  | 602 |
Accrued salary/wages | 4,469 |  |  | 4,085 |
Accrued social insurance (1)(2) | 6,825 |  |  | 7,082 |
Accrued vacation/holiday | 3,320 |  |  | 3,252 |
Other accrued compensation | 2,022 |  |  | 2,441 |
Total accrued compensation | $ | 18,389 |  |  | $ | 20,305 |

(1)Includes $32 thousand and $0.1 million of accrued severance expenses at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to our manufacturing footprint optimization efforts. See Note 12 for further information related to our restructuring activities.
(2)PRC employers are required by law to remit the applicable social insurance payments to their local government. Social insurance is comprised of various components such as pension, medical insurance, job injury insurance, unemployment insurance, and a housing assistance fund, and is administered in a manner similar to social security in the United States. This amount represents our estimate of the amounts due to the PRC government for social insurance on March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 11 — Other Accrued Liabilities
The components of other accrued liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Contract liabilities | $ | 3,677 |  |  | $ | 2,697 |
Duties | 542 |  |  | 481 |
Expense associated with fulfilled performance obligations | 941 |  |  | 1,092 |
Freight and handling fees | 1,630 |  |  | 1,998 |
Interest | 374 |  |  | 438 |
Operating lease obligations | 4,529 |  |  | 4,813 |
Product warranty claims costs | 522 |  |  | 522 |
Professional fees | 1,539 |  |  | 1,558 |
Sales and value added taxes | 2,192 |  |  | 4,194 |
Other (1) | 3,783 |  |  | 3,388 |
Total other accrued liabilities | $ | 19,729 |  |  | $ | 21,181 |

(1)Includes $0.4 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, associated with the purchase of property, plant and equipment.
Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies
Product Warranties
Changes in the liability for product warranty claims costs were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 522 |
Accruals for warranties issued during the period | — |  |  | — |
Settlements (in cash or in kind) during the period | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 522 |

Restructuring Activities
Asia
In conjunction with our plan to restructure and optimize our manufacturing footprint while reducing our concentration risk in the PRC, as of September 30, 2023, we have stopped all production activities and commenced the shutdown of our southwestern China factory. As a result, we incurred severance and other exit costs of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, which are included within factory restructuring charges on our consolidated statements of operations. We have recognized a total of $4.2 million in factory restructuring charges since September 2023. We expect this factory restructuring to be completed in the second quarter of 2024 and do not expect any further expenses associated with this plan.
Mexico
As part of our plan to restructure and optimize our factory footprint, we are working to downsize our factory in Mexico due to decreased demand in the U.S. market and our Vietnam facility's ability to supply our North American customers. We have leased a smaller facility and reduced our factory headcount during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As a result, we incurred severance and other exit costs of $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31,
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MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
2024, which are included within factory restructuring charges on our consolidated statements of operations. We expect this factory restructuring to be completed in the second quarter of 2024 with total estimated restructuring charges of $1.8 million including $0.9 million expected to recognized subsequent to March 31, 2024.
Restructuring liabilities are included in accrued compensation, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Total restructuring activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are as follows:

| Restructuring Costs
(In thousands) | Total |  | Severance Expense |  | Other Exit Expense
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 315 |
Restructuring charges | 1,064 |  |  | 574 |  |  | 490 |
Cash payments | (1,330) |  |  | (688) |  |  | (642) |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 163 |
Total costs incurred inception to date | $ | 5,079 |  |  | $ | 3,999 |  |  | $ | 1,080 |
Total expected expense to be incurred as of March 31, 2024 | $ | 934 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 660 |

Litigation
Roku Matters
2018 Lawsuit
On September 5, 2018, we filed a lawsuit against Roku, Inc. ("Roku") in the United States District Court, Central District of California, alleging that Roku is willfully infringing nine of our patents that are in four patent families related to remote control set-up and touchscreen remotes. On December 5, 2018, we amended our complaint to add additional details supporting our infringement and willfulness allegations. We have alleged that this complaint relates to multiple Roku streaming players and components therefor and certain universal control devices, including but not limited to the Roku App, Roku TV, Roku Express, Roku Streaming Stick, Roku Ultra, Roku Premiere, Roku 4, Roku 3, Roku 2, Roku Enhanced Remote and any other Roku product that provides for the remote control of an external device such as a TV, audiovisual receiver, sound bar or Roku TV Wireless Speakers. In October 2019, the Court stayed this lawsuit pending action by the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (the "PTAB") with respect to Roku's requests for Inter Partes Review ("IPR") (see discussion below). Now that the most of the PTAB matters have been concluded, we will ask the District Court to lift this stay.
International Trade Commission Investigation of Roku, TCL, Hisense and Funai
On April 16, 2020, we filed a complaint with the International Trade Commission (the "ITC") against Roku, TCL Electronics Holding Limited and related entities (collectively, "TCL"), Hisense Co., Ltd. and related entities (collectively, "Hisense"), and Funai Electric Company, Ltd. and related entities (collectively, "Funai") claiming that certain of their televisions, set-top boxes, remote control devices, human interface devices, streaming devices, and sound bars infringe certain of our patents. We asked the ITC to issue a permanent limited exclusion order prohibiting the importation of these infringing products into the United States and a cease and desist order to stop these parties from continuing their infringing activities. On May 18, 2020, the ITC announced that it instituted its investigation as requested by us. Prior to the trial, which ended on April 23, 2021, we dismissed TCL, Hisense and Funai from this investigation as they either removed or limited the amount of our technology from their televisions as compared to our patent claims that we asserted at the time. On July 9, 2021, the Administrative Law Judge (the "ALJ") issued his Initial Determination (the "ID") finding that Roku is infringing our patents and as a result is in violation of §337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the "Tariff Act"). On July 23, 2021, Roku and we filed petitions to appeal certain portions of the ID. On November 10, 2021, the full ITC issued its final determination affirming the ID and issuing a Limited Exclusion Order (the "LEO") and Cease and Desist Order (the "CDO") against Roku, which became effective on January 9, 2022. In January 2022, Roku filed its appeal of the ITC ruling with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the "USCAFC"). Oral argument for this appeal was held on September 5, 2023 and in January 2024 the USCAFC issued its decision affirming the ITC ruling in full. On March 4, 2024, Roku filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc and on April 3, 2024, the USCAFC denied Roku’s petition.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
2020 Lawsuit
As a companion case to our ITC complaint, on April 9, 2020, we filed separate actions against each of Roku, TCL, Hisense, and Funai in the United States District Court, Central District of California, alleging that Roku is willfully infringing five of our patents and TCL, Hisense, and Funai are willfully infringing six of our patents by incorporating our patented technology into certain of their televisions, set-top boxes, remote control devices, human interface devices, streaming devices and sound bars. Now that the most of the PTAB matters have been concluded, we will ask the District Court to lift this stay.
Inter Partes Reviews
Throughout these litigation matters against Roku and the others identified above, Roku has filed multiple IPR requests with the PTAB on all patents at issue in the 2018 Lawsuit, the ITC Action, and the 2020 Lawsuit (see discussion above). To date, the PTAB has denied Roku's request fourteen times, and granted Roku's request twelve times. Roku has since filed two IPRs on two of our patents not yet asserted against it, and we are awaiting the PTAB's institution decision with respect to those new IPR requests. Of the twelve IPR requests granted by the PTAB, the results were mixed, with the PTAB upholding the validity of many of our patent claims and invalidating others. Most of these PTAB actions have been completed, so we will petition the District Court to lift the stay on the 2018 and 2020 cases.
International Trade Commission Investigation Request Made by Roku against UEI and certain UEI Customers
On April 8, 2021, Roku made a request to the ITC to initiate an investigation against us and certain of our customers claiming that certain of our and those customers' remote control devices and televisions infringe two of Roku's recently acquired patents, the '511 patent and the '875 patent. On May 10, 2021, the ITC announced its decision to initiate the requested investigation. Immediately prior to trial Roku stipulated to summary determination as to its complaint against us and two of our customers with respect to one of the two patents at issue. This stipulation resulted in the complaint against us and two of our customers with respect to that patent not going to trial. The trial was thus shortened and ended on January 24, 2022. On June 24, 2022, the ALJ, pursuant to Roku's stipulation, found the '511 patent invalid as indefinite. Thereafter, on June 28, 2022, the ALJ issued an ID fully exonerating us and our customers finding the '875 patent invalid and that Roku failed to prove it established the requisite domestic industry and thus no violation of the Tariff Act. In advance of the full Commission's review, Roku and we filed petitions to appeal certain portions of the ID. In addition, the PTAB granted our request for an IPR with respect to the '875 patent. On October 28, 2022, the full ITC issued its final determination affirming the ID, ruling there was no violation of the Tariff Act and terminated the investigation. In December 2022, Roku filed an appeal, which remains pending. In addition, Roku, along with the ITC, filed a joint motion to dismiss the '511 patent as moot as it recently expired. We are opposing this motion. Further, on October 23, 2023, the PTBA issued its Final Written Decision invalidating all of the claims Roku alleges we infringe. As a companion to its ITC request, Roku also filed a lawsuit against us in Federal District Court in the Central District of California alleging that we are infringing the same two patents they alleged being infringed in the ITC investigation explained above. This District Court case has been stayed pending the ITC case, and will likely continue to be stayed pending the conclusion of Roku's appeal of the ITC case.
Court of International Trade Action against the United States of America, et. al.
On October 9, 2020, we and our subsidiaries, Ecolink Intelligent Technology, Inc. ("Ecolink") and RCS Technology, LLC ("RCS"), filed an amended complaint (20-cv-00670) in the Court of International Trade (the "CIT") against the United States of America; the Office of the United States Trade Representative; Robert E. Lighthizer, U.S. Trade Representative; U.S. Customs & Border Protection; and Mark A. Morgan, U.S. Customs & Border Protection Acting Commissioner, challenging both the substantive and procedural processes followed by the United States Trade Representative ("USTR") when instituting Section 301 Tariffs on imports from China under Lists 3 and 4A.
Pursuant to this complaint, Ecolink, RCS and we are alleging that USTR's institution of Lists 3 and 4A tariffs violated the Trade Act of 1974 (the "Trade Act") on the grounds that the USTR failed to make a determination or finding that there was an unfair trade practice that required a remedy and moreover, that Lists 3 and 4A tariffs were instituted beyond the 12-month time limit provided for in the governing statute. Ecolink, RCS and we also allege that the manner in which the Lists 3 and 4A tariff actions were implemented violated the Administrative Procedures Act (the "APA") by failing to provide adequate opportunity
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
for comments, failed to consider relevant factors when making its decision and failed to connect the record facts to the choices it made by not explaining how the comments received by USTR came to shape the final implementation of Lists 3 and 4A.
Ecolink, RCS and we are asking the CIT to declare that the defendants' actions resulting in the tariffs on products covered by Lists 3 and 4A are unauthorized by and contrary to the Trade Act and were arbitrarily and unlawfully promulgated in violation of the APA; to vacate the Lists 3 and 4A tariffs; to order a refund (with interest) of any Lists 3 and 4A duties paid by Ecolink, RCS and us; to permanently enjoin the U.S. government from applying Lists 3 and 4A duties against Ecolink, RCS and us; and award Ecolink, RCS and us our costs and reasonable attorney's fees.
In July 2021, the CIT issued a preliminary injunction suspending liquidation of all unliquidated entries subject to Lists 3 and 4A duties and has asked the parties to develop a process to keep track of the entries to efficiently and effectively deal with liquidation process and duties to be paid or refunded when finally adjudicated. On February 5, 2022, the CIT heard oral arguments on dispositive motions filed on behalf of plaintiffs and defendants. On April 1, 2022, the CIT issued its opinion on these dispositive motions, ruling that the USTR had the legal authority to promulgate List 3 and List 4A under Section 307(a)(1)(B) of the Trade Act, but that the USTR violated the APA when it promulgated List 3 and List 4A concluding that the USTR failed to adequately explain its decision as required under the APA. The Court ordered that List 3 and List 4A be remanded to the USTR for reconsideration or further explanation regarding its rationale for imposing the tariffs. The Court declined to vacate List 3 and List 4A, which means that they are still in place while on remand. The Court's preliminary injunction regarding liquidation of entries also remains in effect. The Court initially set a deadline of June 30, 2022, for the USTR to complete this process, which was extended to August 1, 2022.
On August 1, 2022, the USTR provided the Court with that further explanation and also purported to respond to the significant comments received during the original notice-and-comment process. On September 14, 2022, the lead plaintiff filed its comments to the USTR's August 1, 2022 filing, asserting that the USTR did not adequately respond to the Court's remand order and requested the Court to vacate the List 3 and List 4A tariffs and issue refunds immediately. On March 17, 2023, the CIT sustained the List 3 and List 4 tariffs, concluding that USTR’s rationale in support of the tariffs was not impermissibly post hoc. The court also concluded that USTR adequately explained its reliance on presidential direction and adequately responded to significant comments regarding the harm to the U.S. economy, efficacy of the tariffs, and alternatives to the tariffs. Lead plaintiffs have appealed this decision. The parties have fully briefed their positions on this appeal and oral argument is expected to be set for later in 2024 and a decision sometime in 2025.
Tongshun Matters
On January 23, 2024, Tongshun Company ("TS") filed suit against one of our subsidiaries, Gemstar Technology (Yangzhou) Co. Ltd. ("GTY"), claiming among other things, breach of an employment agency contract, and as is standard in Chinese litigation matters such as these, TS has also requested the court to order a hold on GTY's bank account for the total claimed amount of RMB 35 million. This asset protection order is a standard request and routinely granted. On February 5, 2024, we learned that the court accepted the lawsuit filed by TS. On February 8, 2024, we deposited RMB 35 million (approximately $4.9 million) with the court. This deposit is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The hearing on this matter has been stayed pending settlement discussions between the parties.
There are no other material pending legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or of which our respective property is the subject. However, as is typical in our industry and to the nature and kind of business in which we are engaged, from time to time, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced by third parties against us or by us against third parties arising from or related to product liability, infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights, breach of warranty, contractual relations, or employee relations. The amounts claimed may be substantial, but may not bear any reasonable relationship to the merits of the claims or the extent of any real risk of court awards assessed against us or in our favor. However, no assurances can be made as to the outcome of any of these matters, nor can we estimate the range of potential losses to us. In our opinion, final judgments, if any, which might be rendered against us in potential or pending litigation would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Moreover, we believe that our products do not infringe any third parties' patents or other intellectual property rights.
We maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance which insures our individual directors and officers against certain claims, as well as attorney's fees and related expenses incurred in connection with the defense of such claims.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 13 — Treasury Stock
From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes management to repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock. On October 26, 2023, our Board approved a share repurchase program with an effective date of November 7, 2023 (the "October 2023 Program"). Pursuant to the October 2023 Program, we are authorized to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock. At March 31, 2024, we had 805,244 shares available for repurchase under the October 2023 Program. Per the terms of the October 2023 Program, we may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated share repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, some or all of which could be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans.
We also repurchase shares of our issued and outstanding common stock to satisfy the cost of stock option exercises and/or income tax withholding obligations relating to the stock-based compensation of our employees and directors.
Repurchased shares of our common stock were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023
Open market shares repurchased | 95 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation related shares repurchased | 45 |  |  | 53 |
Total shares repurchased | 140 |  |  | 53 |
Cost of open market shares repurchased | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | — |
Cost of stock-based compensation related shares repurchased | 387 |  |  | 812 |
Total cost of shares repurchased | $ | 1,230 |  |  | $ | 812 |

Repurchased shares are recorded as shares held in treasury at cost. We hold these shares for future use as management and the Board of Directors deem appropriate.
Note 14 — Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for each employee and director is presented in the same statement of operations caption as their cash compensation. Stock-based compensation expense by statement of operations caption and the related income tax benefit were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 231 |  |  | 283 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employees | 1,551 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  |  |  |
Outside directors | 95 |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  |
Total employee and director stock-based compensation expense | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | 2,540 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  |  |  |

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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Restricted Stock
Non-vested restricted stock award activity was as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2023 | 486 |  |  | $ | 21.66 |
Granted | 122 |  |  | 8.55 |
Vested | (132) |  |  | 33.39 |
Forfeited | (4) |  |  | 16.36 |
Non-vested at March 31, 2024 | 472 |  |  | $ | 15.05 |

As of March 31, 2024, we expect to recognize $5.9 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards over a weighted-average life of 1.7 years.
Performance Stock
Non-vested performance stock award activity was as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2023 | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted | 116 |  |  | 4.72 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Non-vested at March 31, 2024 | 116 |  |  | $ | 4.72 |

The assumptions we utilized in the Monte Carlo simulation model and the resulting weighted average fair value of performance stock grants were the following:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Weighted average fair value of grants | $ | 4.72 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate | 4.08 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 57.00 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |
Expected life in years | 2.73 |  | 0.00 |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2024, we expect to recognize $0.5 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested performance stock awards over a weighted-average life of 2.6 years.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Stock Options
Stock option activity was as follows:

| Number of Options (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | 901 |  |  | $ | 38.78 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Forfeited/canceled/expired | (122) |  |  | 58.52 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 (1) | 779 |  |  | $ | 35.67 |  |  | 3.87 |  | $ | — |
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024 (1) | 779 |  |  | $ | 35.67 |  |  | 3.87 |  | $ | — |
Exercisable at March 31, 2024 (1) | 585 |  |  | $ | 38.65 |  |  | 3.21 |  | $ | — |

(1)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of the first quarter of 2024 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they all exercised their options on March 31, 2024. This amount will change based on the fair market value of our stock.
The assumptions we utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting weighted average fair value of stock option grants were the following:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  |  |  |
Weighted average fair value of grants | $ | 10.83 |  |  |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate | 3.86 | % |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 45.89 | % |  |  |  |
Expected life in years | 4.70 |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2024, we expect to recognize $2.0 million of total unrecognized pre-tax stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options over a remaining weighted-average life of 1.6 years.
Note 15 — Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange contracts (1) | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | (194) |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions | (84) |  |  | (238) |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense) | 24 |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | $ | (80) |  |  | $ | (214) |  |  |  |  |

(1)This represents the gains (losses) incurred on foreign currency hedging derivatives (see Note 17 for further details).
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 16 — Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Earnings (loss) per share was calculated as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
BASIC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,649) |  |  | $ | (61,363) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 12,902 |  |  | 12,749 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.67) |  |  | $ | (4.81) |  |  |  |  |
DILUTED |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,649) |  |  | $ | (61,363) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic | 12,902 |  |  | 12,749 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock and performance stock | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding on a diluted basis | 12,902 |  |  | 12,749 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.67) |  |  | $ | (4.81) |  |  |  |  |

The following number of stock options, shares of restricted stock and shares of performance stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Stock options | 847 |  |  | 825 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock awards | 494 |  |  | 369 |  |  |  |  |
Performance stock awards | 70 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

Note 17 — Derivatives
The following table sets forth the total net fair value of derivatives:

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  | Total Balance
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (183) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (183) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (83) |

We held foreign currency exchange contracts, which resulted in a net pre-tax loss of $20 thousand and pre-tax loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Details of foreign currency exchange contracts held were as follows:

Date Held |  | Currency |  | Position Held |  | Notional Value (in millions) |  | Forward Rate |  | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) Recorded at Balance Sheet Date (in thousands)(1) |  | Settlement Date
March 31, 2024 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | CNY |  | $ | 18.0 |  |  | 7.1754 |  |  | $ | (202) |  |  | April 8, 2024
March 31, 2024 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | 1.0806 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | April 5, 2024
December 31, 2023 |  | USD/Chinese Yuan Renminbi |  | CNY |  | $ | 20.0 |  |  | 7.1181 |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | January 5, 2024
December 31, 2023 |  | USD/Euro |  | USD |  | $ | 22.0 |  |  | 1.1009 |  |  | $ | (65) |  |  | January 5, 2024

(1)Unrealized gains on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Unrealized losses on foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded in other accrued liabilities.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report.
Cautionary Statement
All statements in this report are made as of the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We make forward-looking statements in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and on information available to us through the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements include supply chain issues; other future demand and recovery trends and expectations; the delay by or failure of our customers to order products from us; continued availability of cash through borrowing under our revolving line of credit; the effects of natural or other events beyond our control, including the effects of political unrest, war, terrorist activities, other hostilities, or the outbreak of infectious diseases may have on us or the economy; the economic environment's including increases in interest rates and recessionary effects on us or our customers; the effects of doing business internationally; our expectations regarding our ability to meet our liquidity requirements; our capital expenditures and other investment spending expectations; and other statements that are preceded by, followed by, or include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "foresees," or similar expressions; and similar statements concerning anticipated future events and expectations that are not historical facts.
We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous evolving risks and uncertainties that we may not be able to accurately predict or assess, including the risks and uncertainties we describe in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Form 10-K"), Part II, Item 1A of this report, and other factors we describe from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC.
Overview
We design, develop, manufacture, ship and support control and sensor technology solutions and a broad line of universal control systems, audio-video ("AV") accessories, wireless security and smart home products that are used by the world's leading brands in the video services, consumer electronics, climate control, security, home automation and home appliance markets. Our product and technology offerings include:
•easy-to-use, voice-enabled, automatically-programmed universal, two-way radio frequency ("RF") as well as infrared ("IR") remote controls, sold primarily to video service providers (cable, satellite, Internet Protocol television ("IPTV") and Over the Top ("OTT") services), original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), retailers, and private label customers;
•wall-mount and handheld thermostat controllers and connected accessories for smart energy management systems, primarily to OEM customers, as well as hotels, hospitality and system integrators;
•proprietary and standards-based RF sensors designed for residential security, safety and home automation applications;
•integrated circuits ("ICs"), on which our software and universal device control database is embedded, sold primarily to OEMs, video service providers, and private label customers;
•software, firmware and technology solutions that can enable devices such as Smart TVs, hybrid set-top boxes, audio systems, smart speakers, game consoles and other consumer electronic and smart home devices to wirelessly connect and interoperate within home networks to enable control and delivery of home entertainment, smart home services and device or system information;
•cloud-services that support our embedded software and hardware solutions (directly or indirectly) enabling real-time device identification and system control;
•intellectual property that we license primarily to OEMs and video service providers;
•embedded and cloud-enabled software for reliable firmware update provisioning and digital rights management validation services to major consumer electronics brands; and
•AV accessories sold, directly and indirectly, to consumers including universal remote controls, television wall mounts and stands and digital television antennas.
A key factor in creating products and software for control of entertainment devices is our proprietary device knowledge. Each year our device discovery and control libraries continue to grow across AV and smart home platforms, supporting many
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common smart home protocols, including IR, HDMI-CEC, Zigbee (Rf4CE), Z-Wave, IP, as well as Home Network and Cloud Control.
Our technology also includes other remote controlled home entertainment devices and home automation control modules, as well as wired Consumer Electronics Control ("CEC") and wireless IP control protocols commonly found on many of the latest HDMI and internet connected devices. Our proprietary software automatically detects, identifies and enables the appropriate control commands for many home entertainment and automation devices in the home. Our libraries are continuously updated with device control codes used in newly introduced AV and Internet of Things ("IoT") devices. These control codes are captured directly from original control devices or from the manufacturer's written specifications to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the library.
We operate as one business segment. We have one domestic subsidiary and 24 international subsidiaries located in Brazil, British Virgin Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong (3), India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico (2), the Netherlands, People's Republic of China (the "PRC") (6), Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam.
To recap our results for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
•Net sales decreased 15.2% to $91.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $108.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
•Our gross margin percentage increased to 28.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from 22.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
•Operating expenses, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 35.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from 77.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
•Our operating loss was $6.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to operating loss of $59.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our operating loss percentage was 7.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to an operating loss percentage of 54.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
•Income tax expense was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to income tax expense of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Our strategic business objectives for 2024 include the following:
•deliver new standard products, as well as custom variants, currently on our project development backlog, specifically in the climate control channel;
•broaden our home control and home automation product offerings with the aim of acquiring new customers that represent market share leaders in their respective channels and regions;
•expand our software and service platform, QuickSet, to deliver new features that enhance the personalization and engagement of users on smart entertainment and smart home platforms;
•execute go-to-market strategies that help position our sustainable technology in our major verticals;
•seek acquisitions or strategic partners that complement and strengthen our existing business; and
•expedite our long-term factory planning strategy to optimize our manufacturing footprint.
We intend for the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations to provide information that will assist in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from period to period, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect our consolidated financial statements.
Macroeconomic Conditions
We have been negatively impacted and we expect to continue to be negatively impacted by adverse macroeconomic conditions, in particular reduced consumer spending. We have also been adversely impacted due to inflationary pressures, including increased component and logistics costs and increases in wages and costs of borrowing funds. To help offset these increased costs, we have been able to increase sales prices on certain products, however such increases may not fully offset the impact of these cost increases which would negatively impact our gross margins and overall financial results. In addition, we expect recessionary pressures in the global economy to continue which will ultimately negatively impact our sales demand. Management will continue to seek ways to lessen the impact these pressures may have on our margins and overall financial
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results by continuing to seek price increases where appropriate, executing on our plan to reduce our manufacturing overhead and to locate alternative and less expensive sources of component parts and materials.
Manufacturing Footprint
We have been evaluating our global manufacturing footprint based upon our long-term factory planning strategy to reduce our manufacturing capacity due to decreased demand and a change in mix of our products. As part of this evaluation, we are working to downsize and streamline the Mexico operations by moving to a smaller, more efficient facility. We expect to commence operations in this downsized facility in the second quarter of 2024. We continue to evaluate our global factory footprint to identify ways to operate more efficiently and decisions may result in charges that could have a material effect on the consolidated the financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill and income taxes. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates, and they may be adjusted as more information becomes available. Any adjustment may be significant and may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
An accounting estimate is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably may have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur may materially impact the financial statements. We do not believe that there have been any significant changes during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our 2023 Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our reported results of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 71.7 |  |  | 77.2 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 28.3 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 8.5 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  |  |  |
Factory restructuring charges | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 26.1 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | 45.3 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (7.5) |  |  | (54.9) |  |  |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | (1.0) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | (0.1) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (8.6) |  |  | (56.0) |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 0.8 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | (9.4) | % |  | (56.6) | % |  |  |  |

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Net sales. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $91.9 million compared to $108.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We have experienced lower customer demand in both our home entertainment and climate channels. Our home entertainment channel continues to be adversely affected by cord cutting while our climate control channel is experiencing a decrease in demand in Europe which we believe is a result of recent reductions in governmental subsidies for heat pump technology.
Gross profit. Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $26.0 million compared to $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased to 28.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from 22.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The execution of our factory footprint optimization plan has resulted in a significant reduction of excess manufacturing capacity, yielding a gross margin rate improvement of approximately 460 basis points. In addition, a stronger U.S. dollar resulted in a 90 basis point improvement in our gross margin rate.
Research and development ("R&D") expenses. R&D expenses decreased to $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 due primarily to reduced incentive compensation costs.
Factory restructuring charges. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded $1.1 million in expense, including severance and moving costs associated with the closure of our southern China factory and the streamlining of our factory in Mexico.
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses. SG&A expenses decreased to $24.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $26.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to a decrease in outside legal expenses related to a specific legal matter and variable expenses associated with lower sales volume.
Goodwill impairment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $49.1 million, due to our market capitalization being significantly less than the carrying value of our equity.
Interest income (expense), net. Interest expense, net decreased to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as a result of a lower average loan balance, partially offset by a higher interest rate.
Other income (expense), net. Other expense, net was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to other expense, net of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The improvement was due to a reduction in net foreign currency losses.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, relative to a pre-tax loss of $7.9 million, compared to income tax expense of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, relative to a pre-tax loss of $60.7 million. Consistent with 2023, we expect the U.S. to be in a pre-tax loss position without benefit for the full year 2024 resulting in an elevated effective tax rate. In the first quarter of 2023, we received the high technology exemption approval at our Yangzhou entity in China resulting in a lower tax rate. As a result, the deferred tax assets at our Yangzhou entity were remeasured resulting in an expense. Further, in the first quarter 2023, we also received a discrete benefit related to our goodwill impairment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Cash
Historically, we have utilized cash provided from operations as our primary source of liquidity, as internally generated cash flows have been sufficient to support our business operations, capital expenditures and discretionary share repurchases. In addition, we have utilized our revolving line of credit to fund share repurchases and past acquisitions. We anticipate that we will continue to utilize both cash flows from operations and our revolving line of credit to support ongoing business operations, capital expenditures, expenses associated with our long-term factory planning strategy, future discretionary share repurchases and potential future acquisitions. We believe our current cash balances, anticipated cash flow to be generated from operations and available borrowing resources will be sufficient to cover expected cash outlays for at least the next twelve months and for the foreseeable future thereafter; however, because our cash is located in various jurisdictions throughout the world, we may at times need to increase borrowing from our revolving line of credit or take on additional debt until we are able to transfer cash among our various entities.
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Our liquidity is subject to various risks including the risks discussed under "Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk."

(In thousands) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,914 |  |  | $ | 42,751 |
Available borrowing resources | $ | 6,200 |  |  | $ | 70,000 |

Cash and cash equivalents – On March 31, 2024, we had $3.3 million, $6.9 million, $2.2 million, $2.6 million and $11.9 million of cash and cash equivalents in North America, the PRC, Asia (excluding the PRC), Europe, and South America, respectively. We attempt to mitigate our exposure to liquidity, credit and other relevant risks by placing our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions we believe are high quality.
Our cash balances are held in numerous locations throughout the world. The majority of our cash is held outside of the United States and may be repatriated to the United States but, under current law, may be subject to federal and state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Additionally, repatriation of some foreign balances is restricted by local laws.
Available Borrowing Resources – Our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Second Amended Credit Agreement") with U.S. Bank National Association ("U.S. Bank") provides for a revolving line of credit ("Credit Line") that expires on April 30, 2025. We expect to renew our credit agreement with U.S. Bank prior to its expiration. The Credit Line has a maximum availability up to $100.0 million, subject to meeting certain financial conditions, including an accounts receivable coverage ratio ("AR Ratio"). This AR Ratio is calculated monthly and adjusts the current Credit Line total availability. At March 31, 2024, the Credit Line total availability was $52.2 million based upon the AR Ratio. At April 3, 2024, the Credit Line total availability was $61.3 million based upon the AR Ratio.
The Credit Line may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. Amounts available for borrowing under the Credit Line are reduced by the balance of any outstanding letters of credit, of which there were none at March 31, 2024. At March 31, 2024, we had an outstanding balance of $46.0 million on our Credit Line and $6.2 million of availability.
See Note 8 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information regarding our Credit Line.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our cash flows were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | (2,775) |  |  | $ | (750) |  |  | $ | (2,025) |
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (2,366) |  |  | 2,465 |  |  | (4,831) |
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (10,230) |  |  | (6,418) |  |  | (3,812) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (466) |  |  | (1,300) |  |  | 834 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (15,837) |  |  | $ | (6,003) |  |  | $ | (9,834) |

| March 31, 2024 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,914 |  |  | $ | (15,837) |  |  | $ | 42,751 |
Working capital | $ | 91,564 |  |  | $ | (6,139) |  |  | $ | 97,703 |

Net cash used for operating activities was $2.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net loss was $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net loss of $61.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which includes the impairment of goodwill of $49.1 million. Inventories decreased by $4.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a decrease of $18.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. This significant decrease in inventories is primarily the result of cord cutting, as there is less demand for our video service products. In addition, lead times for components and raw materials have normalized, enabling more efficient production planning. Our inventory turns increased to 3.1 turns at March 31, 2024 from 2.7 turns at March 31, 2023. Changes in accounts receivable and contract assets resulted in cash inflows of $11.0 million during the
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three months ended March 31, 2024, largely as a result of a decrease in sales. Changes in accounts receivable and contract assets resulted in cash inflows of $7.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, largely as a result of a decrease in sales offset partially by an increase in days sales outstanding. Days sales outstanding were 93 days at March 31, 2024 compared to 83 days at March 31, 2023. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in cash outflows of $12.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to a decrease in inventory purchases and timing of payments throughout the quarter. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in cash outflows of $26.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due primarily to a decrease in inventory purchases.
Net cash used for investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $2.4 million, of which $1.4 million and $1.0 million was used for capital expenditures and the development of patents, respectively. Net cash used for investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $4.8 million, of which $3.2 million and $1.6 million was used for capital expenditures and the development of patents, respectively.
Future cash flows used for investing activities are largely dependent on the timing and amount of capital expenditures. We estimate that we will incur between $7.0 million and $9.0 million during the remainder of 2024.
Net cash used for financing activities was $10.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $3.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The primary financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were borrowings and repayments on our Credit Line and repurchases of shares of our common stock. Net repayments on our Credit Line were $9.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net repayments on our Credit Line of $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased 140,136 shares of our common stock at a cost of $1.2 million compared to our repurchase of 53,186 shares at a cost of $0.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Future cash flows used for financing activities are affected by our financing needs, which are largely dependent on the level of cash provided by or used in operations and the level of cash used in investing activities. Additionally, potential future repurchases of shares of our common stock will impact our cash flows used for financing activities. See Note 13 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information regarding our share repurchase programs.
Material Cash Commitments – The following table summarizes our material cash commitments and the effect these commitments are expected to have on our cash flows in future periods:

| Payments Due by Period
(In thousands) | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1 - 3 years |  | 4 - 5 years |  | After 5 years
Credit Line | $ | 46,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Inventory purchases | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Operating lease obligations | 18,886 |  |  | 5,645 |  |  | 7,509 |  |  | 3,434 |  |  | 2,298 |
Property, plant, and equipment purchases | 1,614 |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Software license | 5,284 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | 1,767 |  |  | 1,615 |
Total material cash commitments | $ | 80,185 |  |  | $ | 16,189 |  |  | $ | 54,882 |  |  | $ | 5,201 |  |  | $ | 3,913 |

We anticipate meeting our material cash commitments with our cash generated from operations and available borrowing resources, including our Credit Line.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of these risks and the use of financial instruments to mitigate our risk exposure.
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Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our debt. From time to time, we borrow amounts on our Credit Line for working capital and other liquidity needs. Under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, we may elect to pay interest on outstanding borrowings on our Credit Line based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or a base rate (based on the prime rate of U.S. Bank) plus an applicable margin as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement. Accordingly, changes in interest rates would impact our results of operations in future periods. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have an approximately $0.3 million annual impact on net income based on our outstanding Credit Line balance at March 31, 2024.
We cannot make any assurances that we will not need to borrow additional amounts in the future or that funds from the existing Credit Line will continue to be available to us or that other funds will be extended to us under comparable terms or at all. If funding is not available to us at a time when we need to borrow, we would have to use our cash reserves, including potentially repatriating cash from foreign jurisdictions, which may have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
At March 31, 2024, we had wholly-owned subsidiaries in Brazil, the British Virgin Islands, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, the PRC, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our sales commitments, anticipated sales, anticipated purchases, operating expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The most significant foreign currencies to our operations are the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Mexican Peso, Vietnamese Dong, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Brazilian Real, Japanese Yen and Korean Won. Our most significant foreign currency exposure is to the Chinese Yuan Renminbi as this is the functional currency of our China-based factories where the majority of our products originate. If the Chinese Yuan Renminbi were to strengthen against the U.S. Dollar, our manufacturing costs would increase. We are generally a net payor of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Mexican Peso, Vietnamese Dong, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Japanese Yen and Korean Won and therefore benefit from a stronger U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a weaker U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. For the Euro, British Pound and Brazilian Real, we are generally a net receiver of the foreign currency and therefore benefit from a weaker U.S. Dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. Even where we are a net receiver, a weaker U.S. Dollar may adversely affect certain expense figures taken alone.
From time to time, we enter into foreign currency exchange agreements to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in our forecasted income and cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The terms of these foreign currency exchange agreements normally last less than nine months. We recognize the gains and losses on these foreign currency contracts in the same period as the remeasurement losses and gains of the related foreign currency-denominated exposures.
It is difficult to estimate the impact of fluctuations on reported income, as it depends on the opening and closing rates, the average net balance sheet positions held in a foreign currency and the amount of income generated in local currency. We routinely forecast what these balance sheet positions and income generated in local currency may be and we take steps to minimize exposure as we deem appropriate. Alternatively, we may choose not to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with our foreign currency exposures, primarily if such exposure acts as a natural foreign currency hedge for other offsetting amounts denominated in the same currency or the currency is difficult or too expensive to hedge. We do not enter into any derivative transactions for speculative purposes.
The sensitivity of earnings and cash flows to variability in exchange rates is assessed by applying an approximate range of potential rate fluctuations to our assets, obligations and projected results of operations denominated in foreign currency with all other variables held constant. The analysis includes all of our foreign currency contracts offset by the underlying exposures. Based on our overall foreign currency rate exposure at March 31, 2024, we believe that movements in foreign currency rates may have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations. We estimate that if the exchange rates for the Chinese Yuan Renminbi, Euro, British Pound, Mexican Peso, Indian Rupee, Hong Kong Dollar, Brazilian Real, Japanese Yen, Korean Won and Vietnamese Dong relative to the U.S. Dollar fluctuate 10% from March 31, 2024, net income in the second quarter of 2024 would fluctuate by approximately $4.9 million.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Rule 13a-15(d) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") defines "disclosure controls and procedures" to mean controls and procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. The definition further states that disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to lawsuits arising out of the conduct of our business. The discussion of our litigation matters contained in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 12" is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The reader should carefully consider, in connection with the other information in this report, the risk factors discussed in "Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors" of the Company's 2023 Form 10-K and in the periodic reports we have filed since then. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from those stated in forward-looking statements contained in this document and elsewhere.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The following table sets forth, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, our total stock repurchases, average price paid per share and the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased on the open market under our plans or programs:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Weighted Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 900,000 |
February 1, 2024 - February 28, 2024 |  | 73,888 |  |  | 8.56 |  |  | 28,508 |  |  | 871,492 |
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024 |  | 66,248 |  |  | 9.02 |  |  | 66,248 |  |  | 805,244 |
Total |  | 140,136 |  |  | $ | 8.78 |  |  | 94,756 |  |  |

(1)Of the repurchases in February, 45,380 shares represent common shares of the Company that were owned and tendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted shares.
(2)On October 26, 2023, our Board approved a share repurchase program with an effective date of November 7, 2023 (the "October 2023 Program"). Pursuant to the October 2023 Program, we are authorized to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock. Per the terms of the October 2023 Program, we may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated share repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, some or all of which could be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Paul D. Arling, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., and Bryan M. Hackworth, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) of Universal Electronics Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: | May 6, 2024 |  | UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS INC.
|  |  | By: |  | /s/ Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Bryan M. Hackworth
|  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer
|  |  |  |  | and principal accounting officer)

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