5. Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets other than goodwill consist of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortization period	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
Gross amount:
Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs	10 years	$	-		$	1,659
Software developed for internal use	3-10 years		8,972			2,571
Acquired proprietary technology	5 years		13,532			10,716
Customer relationships	7-10 years		34,986			30,875
Trade names	20 years		18,057			16,357
Domain names	20 years		191			191
Acquired databases	5-10 years		31,292			25,052
Non-competition agreements	2-5 years		1,768			728
			108,798			88,149
Accumulated amortization:
Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs			-			(34	)
Software developed for internal use			(321	)		(50	)
Acquired proprietary technology			(1,983	)		(133	)
Customer relationships			(3,643	)		(272	)
Trade names			(691	)		(50	)
Domain names			(8	)		(1	)
Acquired databases			(2,452	)		(155	)
Non-competition agreements			(281	)		(9	)
			(9,379	)		(704	)
Net intangible assets:
Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs			-			1,625
Software developed for internal use			8,651			2,521
Acquired proprietary technology			11,549			10,583
Customer relationships			31,343			30,603
Trade names			17,366			16,307
Domain names			183			190
Acquired databases			28,840			24,897
Non-competition agreements			1,487			719
		$	99,419		$	87,445

The amount associated with Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs, included in the Information Services segment, is mainly related to the intellectual property purchased by Company subsidiary The Best One, Inc. (“TBO”) from Ole Poulsen (“Purchased IP”) pursuant to the Intellectual Property Purchase Agreement dated October 14, 2014 and related legal and other costs incurred and paid in defending the Company’s claims to the Purchased IP against TransUnion Risk and Alternative Data Solutions, Inc. As of September 30, 2016, the Company wrote off the remaining balance of Purchased IP and capitalized litigation costs of $4,055, which was reflected in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, as a result of an unfavorable ruling in relation to the litigation. See Note 12 “Commitment and contingencies” for additional information regarding the litigation involving the Purchased IP.

The gross amount associated with software developed for internal use mainly represents capitalized costs of internally developed software. The amounts relating to acquired proprietary technology, customer relationships, trade names, domain names, acquired databases, and non-competition agreements all represent the fair values of intangible assets acquired as a result of the Fluent Acquisition and the Q Interactive Acquisition.

Amortization expenses of $3,333 and $12 were included in depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $8,726 and $40 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, intangible assets of $3,325, included into the gross amounts of software developed for internal use, have not started amortization. These intangible assets will start to amortize when they are put into use.

As of September 30, 2016, estimated amortization expenses related to the Company’s intangible assets for the remainder of 2016 through 2021 and thereafter are as follows:

(In thousands)
Year	September 30, 2016
Remainder of 2016	$	3,395
2017		13,846
2018		13,553
2019		13,197
2020		12,790
2021 and thereafter		42,638
	$	99,419